CN106550237A - A kind of monitoring video compression method - Google Patents

A kind of monitoring video compression method Download PDF

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CN106550237A
CN106550237A CN201510586444.2A CN201510586444A CN106550237A CN 106550237 A CN106550237 A CN 106550237A CN 201510586444 A CN201510586444 A CN 201510586444A CN 106550237 A CN106550237 A CN 106550237A
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frame
vector
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vector field
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CN106550237B (en
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于峰崎
强敢峰
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to technical field of video processing, more particularly to a kind of monitoring video compression method, which comprises the following steps:For the characteristic that I frame backgrounds remain unchanged for a long period of time, the redundancy that the I frames for repeating bring is removed;P frames reduce data volume using selectively frequency hopping method;The hopping sense brought to video is possible to after being directed to P frame frame-skippings, its hopping sense is reduced using interleave method for reconstructing.Above-mentioned monitored video compression processing method is in original standard, it is directed to that monitor video is had the special feature that to have carried out targetedly Optimized Measures, on the premise of video reconstruction quality is not affected, code stream size is reduced as far as possible, significantly reduces the probability that data congestion occurs in Indoor Video wireless sensor network.

Description

A kind of monitoring video compression method
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to technical field of video processing, more particularly to a kind of monitoring video compression method.
【Background technology】
Wireless multimedia sensor network meets the need that people cooperate with collection analysises to process to regional information Ask, low-speed sensor network different from the past, acquisition process of the height sensors network to sensor node The Capability Requirement of information is stricter, and the load capacity that can be carried to network requires also to rise therewith.So as to Derive many key technologies urgently to study and solve, for example:1st, high compression ratio multimedia data compression problem; 2nd, network multimedia data obstruction, real time problems;3rd, data storage problem.Solve the one of these problems Individual underlying means are exactly that the data to collecting effectively are compressed.
With sharply increasing for coding and decoding video business demand amount, International Standards Organization is in unitized encoding and decoding standard A series of work, the Video Coding Experts Group under wherein International Telecommunication Union ITU-T have been carried out in terms of formulation Motion expert under VCEG (Video Coding Expert Group) and International Organization for Standardization ISO/IEC Motion picture expert group version MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) is maximum in this field.The following is two The more important conventional standard organized to set up greatly:
(1) H.264 standard
H.264 it is MPEG-4/AVC to be otherwise known as, and he is the product that two big video images organize joint study. One of target at the beginning of its formulation be exactly in order to meet the demand of increasing network video service, so It has good network adaptability.Compared with conventional compression standard, it has bigger compression ratio so that He is widely used in Multimedia Compression field, such as video-on-demand service, the compression of high definition DVD, wireless ring Video compress under border.Relative to former compression standard, its advantage has two aspects:
Low bit- rate:As a result of more flexible macro block programming project, and more ripe entropy code mechanism H.264, the introducing of CABAC, all had pole than former standard in terms of forecasting accuracy and residual coding efficiency It is big to be lifted.Experiment shows, under same video effect, H.264 compression ratio can reach a times of MPEG-4 More than.In actual use, it is possible to greatly save network bandwidth resources.
Fault-tolerant ability is strong:H.264 video encoding and decoding standard is divided into video coding layer and network abstraction layer, so increasing The strong adaptability to various channels, can preferably solve error code and packet loss mistake, fault-tolerant energy H.264 Power is doubled than MPEG-4.
(2) AVS standards
AVS (Audio Video coding Standard) standard is the video compress mark with the autonomous property right of China Standard, it is the abbreviation of a series standard, nowadays also during constantly formulation is improved.AVS has following Feature:Can be applicable to various video compression technology applications, compression performance with H.264 quite, than H.261, H.263, H.262, the compression algorithms such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2 have obvious advantage.AVS is except with H.26X Outside universal compressed standard feature as MPEG-X, he also encodes this particular aspects system in monitor video Independent standard is determined.For monitored video compression, H.265 AVS revised editions AVS-S2 and increase It is different that more flexible macro block division methods improve compression ratio with macroblock prediction mechanism, and it is a cancellation monitoring and regards The temporal redundancy that the background scene of frequency remains unchanged for a long period of time and brings, by background and the learning model building of prospect, Scramble time and compression ratio are more than doubled.
(3)H.265
With the rise of 4K technologies, original H.264 technology can not meet the HD video pressure such as 1080P The needs of contracting transmission.H.265 it is new video encoding standard after H.264, Huawei Company take part in its mark Accurate formulation, the patent with the central overwhelming majority.H.265 standard remains H.264 original some technologies, Its coding flow process, including the module such as predictive coding, residual error conversion, quantization, entropy code are maintained, while right Block- matching searching algorithm, macro block are divided, and the technology such as intra prediction direction is improved.The use of new technique, So that significantly raising is achieved on compression ratio and coding quality, but increase therewith be algorithm complexity The consumption of degree and calculating to resource.Factually test and show, under same encoding condition, H.265 than H.264 can Code stream 39-44% is reduced, but the consumption of power consumption also lifts four times therewith.
(4) distributed coding
The time-consuming step such as coding mode selection that traditional video compression technology is needed in coding side and bite rate control, Result in decoding simply coding difficulty.This coded system is suitable for the first encodings such as optical disc storage and repeatedly solves Code occasion, but such coding standard do not meet sensor nodes in wireless sensor network it is low in energy consumption the characteristics of. The compression of sensor network data is directed to, distributed video coding arises at the historic moment.This coding framework is volume The complexity of decoding has been placed on decoding end rather than coding side, with decoding complexity the characteristics of simple coding, And compression ratio is also more satisfied with, wireless multimedia sensor network is especially suitable for.Such Video coding thought Earliest by lepian, Wolf, Wyner, Ziv are proposed, and increasing scholar is studied.But In conceptual phase at the early-stage, theoretical and algorithm is also immature, but with very big research and commercial valency Value.
【The content of the invention】
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a kind of high energy effective monitoring video compression method.
A kind of monitoring video compression method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, the background to monitor video judge, if the background area long-time of monitor video is in constant State, then, on the basis of traditional I frames coding, further remove I frame redundancies;
The frame-skipping mechanism of B, selective actuation to P frames, judge in front and back's frame relatedness, if frame in front and back Relatedness is more than preset value, then skip the frame;
C, the hopping sense impact brought to video quality for above-mentioned frame-skipping, rebuild skill using interleave in decoding end Art is rebuilding the frame being skipped.
2nd, Indoor Video video-frequency compression method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in adopt The further removal I frame redundancies for taking, comprise the steps:
A, extraction and the monitor video background of scene residing for renewal;
B, wherein background macro block are represented using suitable interface, and conventional compression coding is abandoned to the type macro block Mode, and the sign of a background macro block is only passed, the sign is used to tell decoding end:The macro block is that background is grand Block;
When c, decoding end receive background macro block sign, using buffered background data direct copying filling weight Build background data.
Further, the P frames selectivity taken in the step (2) carries out the standard of frame-skipping coding, i.e.,
J=1,2,3....
Wherein, the remaining space in encoder-side relief area when V (j) represents coding jth frame, f represent coding Frame per second, BD (j) are represented now and channel width;B (i) represents actual bit number after the coding of the i-th frame, N (j) is currently to estimate moving object by imaging the remaining frame number of head region;R (j) reflects present every frame Average number of coded bits;B (j) is an estimated value, is estimated under the conditions of current code check and network transmission, With the presence or absence of so that buffer overflow possible values within N (j) frames;
If B (j)<=0, then it represents that when there is moving object and not leaving monitor area, relief area has begun to Overflow, selective frame-skipping mechanism starts;
After encoded every frame, need according to showing to update buffer area and N (j), i.e.,
N (j)=N (j) -1.
Further, in the step (3) in decoding end using interleave reconstruction technique rebuilding what is be skipped Frame specifically includes following steps:
I, vector field credibility are divided
First, it is determined that I macro blocks in the credibility of the vector field obtained from H.264 code stream, wherein P frames Motion vector initializtion zero;Vector field is carried out drawing according to the residual energy of correspondence macro block in H.264 code stream Point, and insincere vector is classified as by the vector corresponding to the I type coding macro blocks occurred in P frames mandatory, I.e.
Wherein RY(i, j),RCr(i, j) represents reconstruction macro block with true picture respectively in colourity and brightness Energy difference;Then according to the threshold value of setting is divided in the vector field of many whole images, i.e.,
Wherein, L3 is credible vector field, and L1 is insincere vector field;
II, vector field are selected
Insincere vector to being chosen by previous step carries out vector correction, around insincere vector Credible vector, to be corrected to which, i.e.,
Wherein
B represents the corresponding macro block of current insincere vector, and scope S for selecting candidate vector here is current arrow The all vectors in eight 16X16 macro blocks around amount place 16X16 macro blocks,
III, vector field judge again
The vector field after correction is divided again according to the method for the first step, i.e.,
Wherein L3 is credible vector field, and L2 is insincere vector field,
IV, vector field reselection
To step III, the corresponding macro block of L2 vectors for judging, the full search carried out in definite limitation scope S is calculated Method matches to carry out vector assignment, i.e.,
Wherein
S=(sx,sy)where-sx<=vx<=sx,-sy<=vy<=sy
A kind of Indoor Video video-frequency compression method based on H.264 standard of the present invention, by long for I frame backgrounds Phase constant characteristic, removes the redundancy that the I frames for repeating bring;P frames are using selectively frame-skipping side Method is reducing data volume;The hopping sense brought to video is possible to after being directed to P frame frame-skippings, using interleave weight Construction method reducing its hopping sense, so as to complete the compression of monitor video.The present invention is directed to based on H.264 Easily there is the problem that code check is unstable, the steep increasing of data volume periodically occurs in the Indoor Video video compress of standard, A kind of relatively simple processing method is proposed accordingly.And the complexity of encoding and decoding is placed on into decoding as far as possible End, can be suitably used for compression on the wireless devices such as wireless sensor network and uses scene.
【Description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is a kind of coding schematic flow sheet of monitoring video compression method of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of decoding process schematic diagram of monitoring video compression method of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of I frame background extracting compressed encoding schematic diagrams of monitoring video compression method of the invention.
【Specific embodiment】
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become apparent from, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, The present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only to The present invention is explained, is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of monitoring video compression method, in the present embodiment, the monitoring video compression method is based on H.264 The Indoor Video video-frequency compression method of standard;Comprise the following steps:1st, the spy remained unchanged for a long period of time for I frame backgrounds Property, remove the redundancy that the I frames for repeating bring;2nd, P frames are dropped using selectively frequency hopping method Low data bulk;3rd, the hopping sense brought to video is possible to after being directed to P frame frame-skippings, using interleave reconstruction side Method is reducing its hopping sense.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, remove the redundancy that the I frames for repeating bring Information comprises the steps:Using background extracting technology, background macro block is represented and is entered using suitable interface The special process of row, abandons compressed encoding to the type macro block, when decoding end runs into background macro block, using Buffered background data direct copying filling macro block data is decoded.
In a preferred embodiment, background extracting formula is:
Y (x, y, t) is represented in t, the brightness value of the pixel of (x, y) position, and whole video length is H.Depending on Frequency is divided into several cycles, includes L data inside each cycle.Whole video sequence is divided into I Segment, wherein
Obtain the expectation of pixel intensity in each minor time slice
Wherein i=1,2,3......I
Obtain the variance of each time period pixel
Wherein i=1,2,3......I
Select variance most short time period, it is believed that this pixel is in background state inside this time period, and by this Brightness in time period is expected as real background brightness.
The chromatic value of background graphics pixel is still extracted according to above method.
In a preferred embodiment, context update mechanism is as follows:
H.264 the result of code stream reflects the change of current environment to a certain extent.When environment occurs acutely Change when, the size of X264 code streams can maintain a higher scope.When environment keeps stable, do not have Change, or change has been completed, and steady statue is presented at this stage, the size of X264 code streams can be maintained In a relatively low degree.And when there is moving object in the monitoring range, timely object is in transporting at a slow speed Dynamic state, code stream size are still presented larger difference compared with unmanned state.
The method only with the less frame of code stream after compression, to be updated to background image.Update algorithm base Multi-frame mean algorithm is employed on this, some restrictive conditions are simply added.Tradition can be thus prevented effectively from The ghost phenomenons of multi-frame mean method, and it is improper to updating the impact that result is caused to eliminate threshold value setting.
where CR(i)>K
(4)
Wherein CR (i) represents the compression ratio of the i-th frame
if|∑Bm(x,y)-∑Bm-1(x,y)|>T,changed
if|∑Bm(x,y)-∑Bm-1(x,y)|<=T, unchanged
(5)
Threshold value T can arrange smaller, because restricted condition, it is possible to substantially reduce threshold value selection It is too small, the impact that extraction of the noise to real background brings.
When judging that background occurs the change of verity, system is using the I frame coding modes for H.264 specifying and solution Background data is cached by the background image after the synchronization change of code end, decoding end, is carried out follow-up I frames and is rebuild.Excellent In the embodiment of choosing, the expression interface selection of background macro block and special handling are as follows:I_PCM(Pulse Code Modulation) it is a kind of special intra-frame encoding mode.The macro block of this kind of coding mode is selected, no Traditional prediction is adopted again, is quantified, the coding flow process of entropy code, but directly will be the pixel value in macro block straight Connect write code stream.But in monitor video code stream, we never had found that the macro block of this type occurred, so We have selected this macro block (mb) type to represent background macro block.In a video monitoring sequence, background macro block Jing Often occur in the form of regional aggregation.In the middle of algorithm set forth above, each background macro block will be accounted for With an I_PCM, each macro block data in code stream, macro block head will occupy certain data space. New data redundancy is caused so again.For the I_PCM macro blocks that these repeatability occur, we make Redundancy is eliminated with Run- Length Coding.In coding, for the continuous background macro block for occurring, we directly do not compile Code, but its continuous number of times for occurring is counted, till running into foreground macro block.In background macro block, I The number of times of statistics is inserted in PCM macro blocks.As shown in Figure 3:
In preferred embodiment, the criterion that P frames carry out selectivity frame-skipping is as follows:
J=1,2,3.... (6)
Wherein, V (j) representing in the remaining space in coding side relief area when then encode jth frame, and f represents coding Frame per second, BD (j) are represented now and channel width.B (i) represents actual bit number after the coding of the i-th frame, N (j) is currently to estimate moving object by imaging the remaining frame number of head region.R (j) reflects present every frame Average number of coded bits.B (j) be one estimation, estimate under the conditions of current code check and network transmission, Whether buffer overflow is made it possible within N (j) frames.General initialization N is 75, and it is 15-20 that reason is code check Frame is per second, and common people are by the time of monitor area within five seconds.
So, if B (j)<=0, expression is possible to when monitor area is not left in moving object, relief area Have begun to overflow, so selective frame-skipping mechanism starts.
After encoded every frame, need according to showing to update buffer area and N (j):
N (j)=N (j) -1 (8)
In a preferred embodiment, the method that P frames skipped frame interleave is rebuild is as follows:
1) vector field credibility is divided
First, it is determined that I macro blocks in the credibility of the vector field obtained from H.264 code stream, wherein P frames Motion vector initializtion zero.According to experiment find, the accurate macro block of motion vector, after reconstruction with it is true Frame compare, residual energy is very low.And where the residual energies such as moving object edge are very high, often Motion vector is complicated, where easily there is mistake.In these places, there is the probability of I type of mb It is very high.So dividing from residual energy to vector field:
Wherein RY(i, j),RCr(i, j) represents reconstruction macro block with true picture respectively in colourity and brightness Energy difference.Then according to the threshold value of setting is divided in the vector field of many whole images:
Wherein, L3 is credible vector field, and L1 is insincere vector field.And to the I types occurred in P frames Coded macroblocks, is classified as insincere vector field.
MV (m, n)={ L3, if Blocktype=I } (11)
2) vector field is selected
Insincere vector to being chosen by previous step carries out vector correction.Moving object is except in time Outside with very big dependency, spatially also there is very strong dependency.The motion vector of one macro block, It is often much like with the motion vector of surrounding.Therefore, the credible vector around insincere vector is selected, it is right to come Which is corrected:
Wherein
B represents the corresponding macro block of current insincere vector.Scope S for selecting candidate vector here is current arrow The all vectors in eight 16X16 macro blocks around amount place 16X16 macro blocks.
3) vector field judges again
Previous step is corrected to insincere vector field, but the result after correction is not represented really Motion vector, always according to the first step method the vector field after correction is divided again and be corrected.
Wherein L3 is credible vector field, and L2 is insincere vector field.
4) vector field reselection
The corresponding macro block of L2 vectors judged to previous step, the full search carried out in definite limitation scope S are calculated Method matches to carry out vector assignment:
Wherein
S=(vx,vy) where -Sx<=vx<=Sx,Sy<=vy<=Sy (14)
The principle of the invention essentially consists in the reuse that rational H.264 interface has been carried out to I frames, and P frames are directed to volume The frame-skipping that code device relief area and object of which movement intensity are reasonably estimated and implemented is processed, and is based on region residual error Energy and the vector reconstruction that carries out.For those skilled in the art, without departing from of the invention former On the premise of reason, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as the present invention's Protection domain.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of monitoring video compression method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, the background to monitor video judge, if the background area long-time of monitor video is in constant state, on the basis of traditional I frames coding, further remove I frame redundancies;
The frame-skipping mechanism of B, selective actuation to P frames, judges in front and back's frame relatedness, if the relatedness of frame is more than preset value in front and back, skips the frame;
C, the hopping sense brought to video quality for the frame-skipping affect, in decoding end using interleave reconstruction technique rebuilding the frame being skipped.
2. Indoor Video video-frequency compression method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in the further removal I frame redundancies taken, comprise the steps:
A, extraction and the monitor video background of scene residing for renewal;
B, wherein background macro block are represented using suitable interface, and abandon conventional compression coded system to the type macro block, and only pass the sign of a background macro block, and the sign is used to tell decoding end:The macro block is background macro block;
When c, decoding end receive background macro block sign, background data is rebuild using buffered background data direct copying filling.
3. according to claim 1 monitoring video compression method, it is characterised in that step 2) in the P frames selectivity taken carry out the standard of frame-skipping coding, i.e.,
Wherein, the remaining space in relief area of encoder-side when V (j) represents coding jth frame, f represent the frame per second of coding, and BD (j) is represented now and channel width;B (i) represents actual bit number after the coding of the i-th frame, and N (j) is currently to estimate moving object by imaging the remaining frame number of head region;R (j) reflects average number of coded bits now per frame;B (j) is an estimated value, is estimated under the conditions of current code check and network transmission, with the presence or absence of the value for causing buffer overflow within N (j) frames;
If B (j)<=0, then it represents that when there is moving object and not leaving monitor area, relief area has begun to overflow, and selective frame-skipping mechanism starts;
After encoded every frame, need according to showing to update buffer area and N (j), i.e.,
N (j)=N (j) -1.
4. monitoring video compression method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the monitoring video compression method is specially the Indoor Video video-frequency compression method based on H.264 standard;The step 3) in decoding end using interleave reconstruction technique rebuilding the frame being skipped, specifically include following steps:
I, vector field credibility are divided
First, it is determined that the motion vector initializtion zero of I macro blocks in the credibility of the vector field obtained from H.264 code stream, wherein P frames;Vector field is divided according to the residual energy of correspondence macro block in H.264 code stream, and insincere vector is classified as by the vector corresponding to the I type coding macro blocks occurred in P frames mandatory, i.e.,
Wherein RY(i, j),RCr(i, j) represents reconstruction macro block with true picture respectively in colourity and the energy difference of brightness;Then according to the threshold value of setting is divided in the vector field of many whole images, i.e.,
Wherein, L3 is credible vector field, and L1 is insincere vector field;
II, vector field are selected
Insincere vector to being chosen by previous step carries out vector correction, using the credible vector around insincere vector, to be corrected to which, i.e.,
Wherein
B represents the corresponding macro block of current insincere vector, and scope S for selecting candidate vector here is all vectors in eight 16X16 macro blocks around the 16X16 macro blocks of current vector place,
III, vector field judge again
The vector field after correction is divided again according to the method for the first step, i.e.,
Wherein L3 is credible vector field, and L2 is insincere vector field,
IV, vector field reselection
The corresponding macro block of L2 vectors judged to previous step, carries out the matching of the full-search algorithm in definite limitation scope S to carry out vector assignment, i.e.,
Wherein
S=(sx,sy) where -sx<=vx<=sx,-sy<=vy<=sy
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