CN106549884B - Channel estimation methods and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of channel estimation methods and systems, suitable for the extensive mimo system including base station and multiple cell, comprising: distribute different pilot signals to central user and edge customer；Target BS estimates the channel between target BS and Target cell according to the data received；Data that target BS is sent according to the central user that the channel of estimation and continuous the moment inscribed signal received recover Target cell and the data for caching recovery；The data that target BS is sent according to the central user that the data of caching and the pilot signal of central user eliminate target BS from received data；Target BS efficiently solves the pilot pollution problem so that channel estimation is more acurrate according to the data estimation target BS after eliminating residue and the channel between the edge customer of Target cell and the channel between target BS and surrounding interfered cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the extensive communications fields MIMO, more particularly to a kind of channel estimation methods and system.
Background technique
So-called extensive MIMO, referred to as Massive MIMO are Large-Scale MIMO.As its name suggests, it is exactly
Several hundred antennas (128,256 or more) are installed in base station end.Compared with traditional MIMO, Massive MIMO is different
Place essentially consists in, and the antenna number in base station gradually increases, and when infinity, usually seriously affects the heat of communication system performance
The interference of noise and minizone, which can be ignored, to be disregarded, and simplest beam forming, such as maximum-ratio combing receiver
(MRC receiver) will will become optimal.It is compared with LTE, same to occupy 20MHz bandwidth, the cell of Massive MIMO is handled up
Rate can achieve 1200 mbits, and the availability of frequency spectrum has reached unprecedented 60 bps/hertz/cell.
Massive MIMO time division duplex (Time Division Duplex, TDD) system is as a kind of novel honeycomb
Network structure, since it can use the reciprocity of channel so that the expense of channel training only with the number of users phase of each cell
It closes, and it is unrelated with the antenna number of base station.Therefore, when antenna for base station number tends to infinite, it not will increase the feedback overhead of system,
Additional increased antenna can improve the performance of cellular network.It and between the base station in cellular network is all by optical fiber or cable phase
Mutual communication connection can be carried out very easily between base station mutually passing the information between user, effectively eliminate the dry of peripheral cell
It disturbs, promotes the channel estimation case of all users of this cell.
From the point of view of information theory, in Massive MIMO time division duplex (Time Division Duplex, TDD) system
In antenna number when base station when leveling off to infinite, channel capacity should be infinitely great.But in the scene of practical application, this is simultaneously
It is invalid.Unique limiting factor is exactly pilot pollution (Pilot Contamination).
This is because the pilot signal of each user is orthogonal, and the pilot signal between neighboring community usually in same cell
It is then multiplexing.Pilot pollution mainly sends the non-orthogonal pilot training sequence institute of uplink from each community user to respective base station
It causes.And in multi-cell system for specific base station, the estimation to each channel is all the base station received signal and pilot tone
One scaling of product of signals, and this community user and other community users cannot be distinguished in receiving signal in base station, to make
There are errors for channel estimation of the base station to this cell.
Currently, eliminating the effective method of pilot pollution is to keep the length of pilot signal directly proportional to the total number of user, from
And keep the pilot tone of each cell completely orthogonal, when the pilot signal of each cell is completely orthogonal, the reciprocity that can use channel disappears
Except the interference between cell.But although this method for eliminating pilot pollution makes base station more quasi- to the channel estimation of each cell
Really, but due to the increase of pilot signal length so that most of resource of channel capacity is used to transmit pilot signal, and it is practical
The channel capacity for being used for transmission useful data becomes limited.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to solve the problems, such as that pilot pollution exists at present, provide a kind of channel estimation methods and be
System.
A kind of channel estimation methods, suitable for the extensive mimo system including base station and multiple cell, which is characterized in that institute
The method of stating includes:
Distribute the central user and edge customer of different pilot signal to each cell；Wherein, the central user is
User farther out, the edge customer are the interior use being closer from peripheral cell of each cell with a distance from peripheral cell in each cell
Family；
Target BS according to channel of the data received between target BS and Target cell described in current time into
Row estimation；
The target BS recovers the target according to the channel of estimation and the inscribed data received of continuous moment
The data that the central user that the data and caching that the central user of cell is sent recover is sent；
The pilot tone of data and Target cell central user that the target BS is sent according to the central user of caching
Signal eliminates the data that the central user of the target BS is sent from received data；
The target BS estimates the side of the target BS Yu the Target cell according to data remaining after elimination
The channel between channel and the target BS and the surrounding interfered cell between edge user.
In one of the embodiments, in the central user and edge of the different pilot signal of the distribution to each cell
In user, the pilot signal length of the central user distribution is less than the pilot signal length of edge customer distribution.
In one of the embodiments, target BS according to the data received target BS described in current time with
It further include that the target BS assumes leading for all users in each cell before channel between Target cell is estimated
Frequency signal in orthogonal.
In one of the embodiments, further include:
The target BS judges whether there is data needs and continues to, if so, repeating described in claim 1
All steps, if it is not, then terminating current process.
A kind of channel estimation system, the extensive mimo system including base station and multiple cell, which is characterized in that the base station
Including distribution module, central user channel estimation module, data restore and cache module, central user data cancellation module and
Edge customer and surrounding interfered cell channel estimation module；
The distribution module, for distributing the pilot signal of different length to the central user and edge customer of each cell；
The central user channel estimation module is connect with the distribution module, for according to the data that receive to current
Channel between moment target BS and Target cell is estimated；
The data are restored and cache module is connect with the central user channel estimation module, for restoring the target
The data that the central user of cell is sent, and cache the data that the central user recovered is sent；
The central user data cancellation module is connect with the cache module, for the central user according to caching
The data of transmission and the pilot signal of Target cell central user eliminate the central user of target BS from received data
Data；
Edge customer channel and surrounding interfered cell channel estimation module, for being estimated according to data remaining after elimination
Channel and the target BS between the target BS and the edge customer of the Target cell interfere small with the surrounding
Channel between area.
The base station further includes judgment module in one of the embodiments, the judgment module and the channel estimation
Module connection is continued to for judging whether there is data needs.
The distribution module is in the different pilot signal of the distribution into each cell in one of the embodiments,
Heart user and when edge customer, for the pilot signal length of central user distribution, to be less than be leading for the edge customer distribution
Frequency signal length.
The base station further includes assuming module in one of the embodiments, and the hypothesis module is used in the channel
Estimation module carries out estimating it according to channel of the data received between target BS and Target cell described in current time
The preceding pilot signal for assuming all users in each cell is orthogonal.
Channel estimation methods of the invention, by the central user and edge of distributing different pilot signal to each cell
User, the data for the central user that the data and caching sent by the central user that target BS restores Target cell are restored,
And target is eliminated from received data according to the pilot signal of the data of the central user of caching and Target cell central user
The data that the central user of base station is sent, and estimate according to data remaining after elimination the edge of target BS and Target cell
Channel between channel and target BS between user and surrounding interfered cell effectively solves so that channel estimation is more acurrate
It has determined the pilot pollution problem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cellular network partial schematic diagram in an embodiment in extensive mimo system；
Fig. 2 is channel estimation methods flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 3 (a) is the pilot tone schematic diagram of certain Cell Center User；
Fig. 3 (b) is the pilot tone schematic diagram of certain Cell Edge User；
Fig. 4 is the module map of certain base station in cellular network of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of channel estimation methods, which is suitable for extensive MIMO system
In cellular network in system, it can be effectively reduced in extensive mimo system by implementing channel estimation methods provided by the invention
Pilot pollution so that base station is more accurately recovered user's transmission to keep base station more acurrate to the estimation of channel
Data.
As shown in Figure 1, being the partial schematic diagram of a cellular network.Usually there are multiple cells in a cellular network,
Each cell is both provided with a base station.Three cell schematic diagrames in only one is shown in Figure 1 cellular network, difference
For cell 10, cell 20 and cell 30, wherein each cell is divided into central user region 120 and edge customer region 110, and
From the point of view of the interference to cell 10, the edge customer region of cell 20 and cell 30 is strong jamming region 123.
For the convenience of description, the covering radius of each cell is R it is now assumed that the cellular network in Fig. 1 has 3 cells
Rice, each cell is provided with a base station and each cell base station has N root antenna.And each cell has K user, each
The equipment that user carries only has 1 antenna.Different user and this cell base station in actual transmission process, in same cell
And the distance of peripheral cell base station is different, it is in the present embodiment, different according to distance between the user of same cell and base station
And be inversely proportional according to the theoretical interference of wireless transmission with distance, the user of same cell is divided into central user and edge customer.
And the pilot signal of different length is distributed to central user and edge customer.
It is to be appreciated that the pilot signal for distributing to edge customer is longer, the pilot signal for distributing to central user is shorter.
By shorten central user pilot signal length can make central user transmit at the appointed time more useful datas to
Base station.And base station can cache the data of the central user received, and update letter according to the data of the central user of caching
The estimation in road.The data for going detection to cache again with updated channel matrix can promote the validity for restoring data.
Meanwhile the interference between cell and cell mostlys come from the edge customer of each cell, since signal transmission has
Lag characteristic, in the time range that transmission delay allows, real-time, interactive receives between the base station of each cell certain customers
Data.Assuming that some target BS receives the user data that peripheral cell is sent, due to edge customer and central user
Pilot signal length is different, then the target BS can timely update certainly according to the data that the user of the peripheral cell received sends
Oneself channel estimation eliminates the interference of the edge customer of peripheral cell.
In the present embodiment, it is analyzed the part chosen in cellular network shown in FIG. 1.Divided with cell 10
Analysis, then remaining 2 cell is interfered cell.It is to be appreciated that in practice, when choosing one of cell and being analyzed, then
Remaining cell is interfered cell.
In this embodiment it is assumed that a transmission cycle is 3 seconds, the corresponding base station of base station A cell 10, also as target base
It stands, the reception model of base station A in a transmission cycle are as follows:Wherein, on
What mark 1,2,3 indicated is the moment, respectively corresponds first second of a transmission cycle, second second and third second.The data of its corresponding base station A are sent at the moment 1 for the central user of cell 10,
Base station A is not shown in the figure.The data of base station A are sent at the moment 2 for the central user of cell 10,For cell 10
Central user is sent to the data of base station A at the moment 3.
The data of base station A are sent at the moment 1 for the edge customer of cell 10,The data of base station A are sent at the moment 2 for the edge customer of cell 10,For cell 10 edge customer at the moment 3
It is sent to the data of base station A.
The data block of base station A is sent to for the user of remaining cell.For the phase of each interfered cell channel
Prestige value.In the present embodiment,As the user of cell 20 and cell 30 is respectively at moment 1, moment 2
And the moment 3 is sent to the data of base station A.
It is to be appreciated that the user of peripheral cell (overlay area of peripheral base station) covering is interference user, but because
It is distant for some user distance base stations A, very little is interfered caused by them, along with the bandwidth of link between base station is limited, one
Seldom data can only be transmitted by fixing time, so base station only mutually passes the user for causing strong interference to remaining base station each other
Data (information).
In Massive mimo system, compared to the interference of minizone, the influence of noise is too small, so the present embodiment is just not
Give consideration.In this embodiment it is assumed that transmission delay is larger, interfered cell, that is, cell 20 and cell 30 can be in time by certain customers
It (is denoted as) data be sent to base station A.Its specific channel estimation methods process is as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 2, channel estimation methods include step S110 to step S140 in the present embodiment.
Step S110: the central user and edge customer of different pilot signal to each cell are distributed.Wherein, center is used
Family is that user farther out, edge customer are the interior use being closer from peripheral cell of each cell with a distance from peripheral cell in each cell
Family.
Specifically, the pilot signal length of each Cell Center User distribution is less than the pilot tone letter of each Cell Edge User distribution
Number length.In the present embodiment, the pilot signal of each Cell Center User isThe pilot signal of each Cell Edge User isWith
Step S120: target BS is according to the data received to the letter between current target base station and Target cell
Estimated in road.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, using base station A as target BS, corresponding cell 10 is Target cell.Then base station
A utilized the data of all users transmission of the cell 10 received at first second of a transmission cycleTo current time base
The channel stood between A and cell 10 is estimated, it is assumed that the channel of estimation are as follows:Wherein, Y1For base station
The data that all users for the base station 10 that A is received send.
The present embodiment is illustrated for 1 at the beginning of a transmission cycle, specific in use, can be with
Any time, i started.At any time the base station i A can based on the received data to the channel between current base station A and cell 10
Estimated.
Specifically, base station A assumes that the pilot signal between each cell is mutually orthogonal.By the reception model of base station AIt is found that at this timeAgain due to for cell
The pilot signal of 10 central users is the pilot signal of 10 edge customer of cell, is it is known that so base station A is according to connecing
The signal data of receipts can estimate the channel between current time base station A and cell 10.
It is to be appreciated that the pilot signal of each cell is orthogonal in the ideal case, but in practice due to pilot tone
Signal in orthogonal causes transport overhead larger.So the identical pilot signal of each cell reuse in practice, so actual reception mould
Type is
Step S130: target BS is recovered according to the step S120 channel estimated and in the data that the continuous moment receives
The data that the data and caching that the central user of Target cell is sent recover.
In the present embodiment, as it is assumed that a transmission cycle is 3 seconds, then according to base station A in same transmission cycle
Moment 2 and the received data Y of moment 32、Y3Recover the data that the central user of cell 10 is sent at the time of corresponding
Specifically, it is assumed that the channel approximate constant in a transmission cycle between base station A and cell 10, then when
Carve the 2 received data of base station AIn the 3 received data of base station A of momentWherein, due to Y2, Y3AndBe it is known that and cell 10 center
The interference that user receives peripheral cell is smaller, so base station A approximate can recover the data of the central user of cell 10
Step S140: the pilot tone of data and Target cell central user that target BS is sent according to the central user of caching
Signal eliminates the data that the central user of target BS is sent from received data；
Specifically, target BS is updated according to the data of caching recovered and known pilot signal to Target cell
The estimation of channel between central user and target BS, and target BS is eliminated from received data using updated channel
Central user data, wherein from received data eliminate target BS central user data after remaining data
For
In the present embodiment, interfered cell is cell 20 and cell 30, and base station A is according to the data of caching
And pilot signalEstimate the channel between the central user and base station A of cell 10, it is assumed that updated channel is
And according toFrom the data receivedY2, Y3The signal data of the middle central user for eliminating cell 10, it is assumed that remaining
Data are respectively
Since the data that central user is sent are influenced by interfered cell around smaller, and base station A is according to the data of cachingAnd pilot signalThe channel between the central user and base station A of estimation cell 10 is carried out, due to caching
Signal data introducing, the pilot signal of lengthening is equivalent to, so the channel errors that the estimation is estimated relative to step S120
It is smaller.
Step S150: target BS is used according to the edge that data remaining after elimination estimate target BS and Target cell
Channel between channel and target BS between family and surrounding interfered cell.
Specifically, the remaining data that target BS obtains step S140Base corresponding with interfered cell around
The data of the interference user sent of standing and the pilot signal of edge customer of Target cell combine, estimate target BS with
Channel between channel and target BS between the edge customer of Target cell and surrounding interfered cell.
In the present embodiment, base station A is by remaining dataBase station corresponding with cell 20 and cell 30 is sent
Interference user pilot signalAnd the pilot signal of the edge customer of base station 10WithIt combines, estimates
Channel and cell 20 and cell 30 between the edge customer and base station A of base station 10 channel between the A of base station respectively.
Wherein, dataRepresent the pilot signal of the interference user of surrounding interfered cell.And surrounding interference user
The pilot signal of the edge customer of pilot signal and cell 10 is multiplexed.Further, surrounding interfered cell of the base station A based on estimation
Interference user and base station A between Channel Detection cell 10 the data that send of edge customer, and it is small according to what is detected
The valid data of the central user of the valid data detection cell 10 of the edge customer in area 10, and cache the cell 10 detected
The valid data that central user is sent, the valid data of the central user of caching are used to together with the pilot signal of central user
The estimation to channel between 10 central user of cell and base station A is updated, is inaccurately estimated to edge user data with this to slacken
Influence.
In this embodiment, it is assumed that the channel between the edge customer and base station A of the cell 10 estimated isEstimation
Channel between cell 20 out and cell 30 and base station A isThen base station A can be based on channelAnd channelFrom
Received dataThe valid data that the edge customer of middle detection cell 10 is sent.
It can be seen that through the foregoing embodiment, channel estimation methods of the invention, according to different user in same cell by dry
User in same cell is divided into central user and edge customer by the difference for disturbing degree, and distributes the pilot tone letter of different length
Number to central user and edge customer, central user is on the one hand made to send more useful datas before the deadline to base
Stand, be on the other hand disturbed according to central user it is less, by accumulation caching central user send data can be accurately
The channel between central user and base station is estimated, influence of the inaccurate estimation to edge user data is slackened with this.
Further, through the foregoing embodiment it is found that channel estimation methods of the invention, using the characteristic of transmission delay,
The pilot signal of the edge customer of interfered cell around is received by mutually passing between each cell base station, is interfered around estimation to improve
The estimation of channel between cell and base station A.
It is to be appreciated that in practical applications, since the user of cell 10 may continuously transmit data, A needs in base station are sentenced
It is disconnected whether to there are data needs to continue to, if necessary to receive data, then repeat abovementioned steps S120 to S140；Otherwise,
Terminate current process.
As shown in figure 3, the pilot tone for different user in certain cell of an embodiment distributes schematic diagram.Wherein Fig. 3 (a) is certain
The pilot tone schematic diagram of Cell Center User, Fig. 3 (b) are the pilot tone schematic diagram of certain Cell Edge User.By Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b)
It is found that the pilot signal length of central user is L1, then it is L-L1 that channel, which is used to the signal length of secured transmission of payload data, and edge is used
The pilot signal length at family is L1+L2, then it is L-L1-L2 that channel, which is used to the signal length of secured transmission of payload data,.Namely by dividing
Pilot signal with different length is to central user and edge customer, so that being interfered less central user believing by peripheral cell
When road is fixed, more valid data are transmitted.
Fig. 4 is the module map of certain base station in cellular network of the invention.The base station belongs to the base in extensive mimo system
It stands.In the present embodiment, it chooses target BS to illustrate, as shown in Figure 4, target BS includes distribution module 11, center use
Family channel estimation module 12, data restore and cache module 13, central user data cancellation module 14, edge customer and surrounding are dry
It disturbs cell channel estimation module 15, judgment module 16 and assumes module 17.
Wherein, the central user and edge that distribution module 11 is used to distribute pilot signal to each cell of different length are used
Family.
Central user channel estimation module 12 is connect with distribution module 11, for according to the data that receive to current time
Channel between target BS and Target cell is estimated.
Data are restored and cache module 13 is connect with central user channel estimation module 12, for restoring in Target cell
The data that heart user sends, and cache the data that the central user recovered is sent.
Central user data cancellation module 14 restores with data and cache module 13 is connect, for being used according to the center of caching
The pilot signal of data and Target cell central user that family is sent eliminates the central user of target BS from received data
Data.
Edge customer and surrounding interfered cell channel estimation module 15 are used to estimate mesh according to data remaining after elimination
Mark the channel between base station and the edge customer of Target cell and the channel between target BS and surrounding interfered cell.
Judgment module 16 is connect with central user channel estimation module 12, is needed for judging whether there is data after continued access
It receives.
It is assumed that module 17 is connect with central user channel estimation module 12, at central user channel estimation module 12
Each cell is assumed before being estimated according to the data received the channel between current target base station and Target cell
Between all users pilot signal it is orthogonal.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of channel estimation methods, suitable for the extensive mimo system including base station and multiple cell, which is characterized in that described
Method includes:
Distribute the central user and edge customer of different pilot signal to each cell；Wherein, the central user is each small
User farther out, the edge customer are the interior user being closer from peripheral cell of each cell with a distance from peripheral cell in area；
Target BS is estimated according to channel of the data received between target BS and Target cell described in current time
Meter；
The target BS recovers the Target cell according to the channel of estimation and the inscribed data received of continuous moment
The data that send of central user and cache the data that the central user that recovers is sent；
The pilot signal of data and Target cell central user that the target BS is sent according to the central user of caching
The data that the central user of the target BS is sent are eliminated from received data；
The target BS is used according to the edge that data remaining after elimination estimate the target BS and the Target cell
The channel between channel and the target BS and surrounding interfered cell between family.
2. channel estimation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the different pilot signal of the distribution to each
In the central user and edge customer of a cell, the pilot signal length of the central user distribution is less than the edge customer point
The pilot signal length matched.
3. channel estimation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in target BS according to the data received
It further include that the target BS assumes before channel between target BS and Target cell described in current time is estimated
The pilot signal of all users in each cell is orthogonal.
4. channel estimation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the target BS is remained according to after elimination
Remaining data estimate channel between the target BS and the edge customer of the Target cell and the target BS with
After channel step between the surrounding interfered cell, further includes:
The target BS judges whether there is data needs and continues to, if so, repeating described in claim 1 all
Step, if it is not, then terminating current process.
5. a kind of channel estimation system, the extensive mimo system including base station and multiple cell, which is characterized in that the base station packet
Include distribution module, central user channel estimation module, data recovery and cache module, central user data cancellation module and side
Edge user and surrounding interfered cell channel estimation module；
The distribution module, for distributing the pilot signal of different length to the central user and edge customer of each cell；
The central user channel estimation module is connect with the distribution module, for according to the data that receive to current time
Channel between target BS and Target cell is estimated；
The data are restored and cache module is connect with the central user channel estimation module, for restoring the Target cell
The data that send of central user, and cache the data that the central user that recovers is sent；
The central user data cancellation module is connect with the cache module, for being sent according to the central user of caching
Data and Target cell central user pilot signal eliminated from received data target BS central user data；
Edge customer channel and surrounding interfered cell channel estimation module, it is described for being estimated according to data remaining after elimination
Channel and the target BS between target BS and the edge customer of the Target cell and the surrounding interfered cell it
Between channel.
6. channel estimation system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the base station further includes judgment module, described
Judgment module is connect with the channel estimation module, is continued to for judging whether there is data needs.
7. channel estimation system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the distribution module is different in the distribution
Pilot signal to each cell central user and edge customer when, for the central user distribution pilot signal length be less than
For the pilot signal length of edge customer distribution.
8. channel estimation system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the base station further includes assuming module, described
It is assumed that module is for small according to the data received target BS described in current time and target in the channel estimation module
Channel between area assumes that the pilot signal of all users between each cell is orthogonal before being estimated.
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| CN201511028725.2A CN106549884B (en) | 2015-12-31 | Channel estimation methods and system |
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| CN106549884B true CN106549884B (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103929383A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-16 | 北京联合大学 | Joint channel estimation method and device of large-scale MIMO system |
| CN104009947A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | Pilot signal sending and channel estimation method |
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103929383A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-16 | 北京联合大学 | Joint channel estimation method and device of large-scale MIMO system |
| CN104009947A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | Pilot signal sending and channel estimation method |
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