CN106549722A - A kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information - Google Patents
A kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information Download PDFInfo
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- CN106549722A CN106549722A CN201610982959.9A CN201610982959A CN106549722A CN 106549722 A CN106549722 A CN 106549722A CN 201610982959 A CN201610982959 A CN 201610982959A CN 106549722 A CN106549722 A CN 106549722A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information, which is used energy measuring method to estimate that authorized user takes and authorizes the state of frequency range to change and indeclinable probability between adjacent perception frame, the high threshold and low threshold for meeting the constraint of target false-alarm probability is arranged according to the theoretical value and the two probability of false-alarm probability；Then carry out frequency spectrum detection, if the energy statistic value of current perception frame is more than high threshold, judge that authorized user is taken in current perception frame in and authorize frequency range, otherwise, according to high threshold and low threshold, the state of frequency range is authorized to carry out secondary judgement authorized user's occupancy using the current energy statistic value for perceiving frame and history perception frame；Advantage is to meet the constraint of target false-alarm probability, can obtain higher detection probability again, effectively increase frequency spectrum detection performance, while implementation complexity is low, preferably, the system bandwidth of occupancy is also little for detection real-time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the frequency spectrum detection technology in a kind of cognitive radio system, is based on sense of history more particularly, to a kind of
Know the double threshold energy detection method of information.
Background technology
With developing rapidly for wireless communication technology, people are increasing to the demand of frequency spectrum.Current most countries
The frequency spectrum method of salary distribution for remaining static state used with area, specifically frequency range will be allocated to specific user's use, not permit
Perhaps other users are used, therefore the availability of frequency spectrum of wireless communication system is not high.For this purpose, it is proposed that cognitive radio
(Cognitive Radio, CR) technology, on the premise of interference authorized user communicates not too much, cognitive user is by using sky
Ideler frequency section is improving the spectrum utilization efficiency of wireless communication system.
Used as the key technology in cognitive radio system, frequency spectrum detection technology is always study hotspot.Frequency spectrum detection
Whether can the quality of energy have both reflected cognitive user and timely find and utilize idle frequency range, and reflect cognitive user can be right
Authorized user produces interference, therefore frequency spectrum detection technology has very important significance in cognition wireless electrical domain.
Common single user frequency spectrum sensing method has energy measuring (Energy Detection, ED) method, matched filter
Method and cyclostationary characteristic detection method etc..Wherein, energy measuring method has simple to operate, complexity low and does not need authorized user
The advantages of prior information of signal, using convenient, but due to energy measuring method it is sensitive to incorrect noise, and its basis
The sampled signal energy statistic value of cognitive user whether adjudicating authorized user using authorizing frequency range, therefore when cognitive user
When the signal to noise ratio (Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR) of sampled signal is relatively low, its detection performance can be decreased obviously.
Industry personnel knows that the duration of the perception frame of cognitive user is much smaller than authorized user to authorizing averagely accounting for for frequency range
Duration is not take up with duration or averagely, so state and state in previous perception frame of the authorized user in some perception frame
Identical probability is very big, i.e., the state in the adjacent perception interframe authorized user of cognitive user has dependency.Therefore, it can profit
Dependency used in the adjacent state for perceiving interframe authorized user is improving the performance of frequency spectrum perception.In consideration of it, there is research worker
A kind of improved energy measuring (Improved Energy Detection, IED) method is proposed, when adopting for some perception frame
When sample signal energy statistical value is less than threshold value, history is recycled to perceive the average of the sampled signal energy statistic value of frame by single
One thresholding carries out secondary judgement, obtains final court verdict.Although improved energy measuring method only additionally need to be known front several
The sampled signal energy statistic value of frame is perceived, computation complexity is low, but, which only uses a threshold value in secondary judgement,
On the one hand, when authorized user no longer takes suddenly authorizes frequency range, the sampled signal energy statistic value of the perception frame of cognitive user will
Die-off therewith, and front several sampled signal energy statistic values for perceiving frame are relatively large, so current perception frame is several with front
The average for perceiving the energy statistic value of the sampled signal of frame is likely to be greater than threshold value and erroneous judgement occurs；On the other hand, work as mandate
When user is not take up authorizing frequency range but energy statistic value abruptly increase and being more than threshold value, next one energy statisticses for perceiving frame can be caused
Value with its before the average of energy statistic value of several sampled signals for perceiving frames be higher than threshold value and erroneous judgement occur, it is therefore improved
It is too high that energy measuring method is easily caused false-alarm probability, causes frequency spectrum perception performance to reduce.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of double threshold energy measuring side based on history perception information
Method, which is guaranteeing with higher detection probability, relatively low implementation complexity, preferably detect real-time, and the system for taking
On the premise of bandwidth is little, can be good at meeting the constraint of target false-alarm probability such that it is able to effectively improve frequency spectrum perception
Energy.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem for：A kind of double threshold based on history perception information
Energy detection method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1., in cognitive radio system, cognitive user perceives each sampling instant of the perception time slot of frame to which at each
The signal for receiving is sampled, and cognitive user is perceived the letter of n-th sampling instant sampling of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
Number it is designated as xk(n),Wherein, the initial value of k is 1,1≤k≤K, K
The total number of the perception frame of expression cognitive user, K >=1, the initial value of n is 1,1≤n≤N, and N represents each sense of cognitive user
Know the sampling number of the perception time slot of frame, N >=250, wkN () represents that cognitive user perceives the n-th of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
The white Gaussian noise produced in wireless channel during individual sampling instant, hkN () represents cognitive user in the perception of k-th perception frame
The gain of wireless channel, s during n-th sampling instant of gapkN () represents that cognitive user perceives the perception time slot of frame at k-th
The signal that authorized user sends during n-th sampling instant, dkRepresent that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes
Authorize the state of frequency range, dk=0 representative is not take up authorizing frequency range, d in k-th perception frame in authorized user of cognitive userk=1
Represent k-th perception frame in authorized user's occupancy mandate frequency range in cognitive user；
2. each the perception frame in cognitive user takes to authorized user and authorizes the state of frequency range to detect, concrete mistake
Cheng Wei：
2. _ 1, calculate energy of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of each perception frame
Statistical value, cognitive user is perceived the energy statistic value of the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
It is designated as Uk,Wherein, symbol " | | " is delivery symbol；
_ 2,2. according to each time for perceiving frame of cognitive user and cognitive user each perception frame perception time slot
The energy statistic value of the signal of all sampling instant samplings judges that each the perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and awards
The state of power frequency range, for k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes state d for authorizing frequency rangek, its judgement
Process is：
2. _ 2a, work as k<During M, judged using energy measuring method：If Uk≥λED, then judge k-th in cognitive user
Perceive frame in authorized user and take mandate frequency range, make dk=1；If Uk<λED, then judge k-th perception frame in cognitive user
Authorized user is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk=0；As k >=M, execution step 2. _ 2b；Wherein, M represents judgement authorized user
Take the total number for authorizing the perception frame used during the state of frequency range, 1≤M ＜ ＜ K, λEDRepresent the decision threshold of setting；
2. _ 2b, calculating cognitive user are in all samplings of k-th perception frame and the perception time slot of front M-1 perception frame
The meansigma methodss of the energy statistic value of the signal of sampling are carved, is designated as Its
In, Uk-M+1Represent that cognitive user perceives the energy of the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+1
Statistical value, Uk-M+2Represent that cognitive user perceives the signal energy of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+2
Amount statistical value, Uk-1Represent energy of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of -1 perception frame of kth
Amount statistical value；Then work as Uk≥λHWhen, judge that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and authorize frequency range, make dk
=1；Work as Uk<λHWhen, secondary judgement is carried out using double threshold：If λL≤Uk<λHAndAnd Uk-1≥λH, then judge
K-th of cognitive user perceives frame in authorized user and takes mandate frequency range, makes dk=1, otherwise, it is determined that in the kth of cognitive user
Individual perception frame in authorized user is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk=0；Wherein, λLRepresent the low threshold of setting, λHRepresent setting
High threshold, λL<λH。
Described step 1. middle wkN () obedience average is 0 and variance isGauss distribution.
Described step 2. _ 2a in takeWherein, Pf_targetRepresent that the target of setting is empty
Alarm probability, Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) inverse function, Q () represent standard normal distribution probability density afterbody face
Product function.
Described step 2. _ 2b in λLAnd λHConcrete acquisition process be：
Make PfThe theoretical value of the false-alarm probability of cognitive radio system is represented, P is madef_targetRepresent that the target false-alarm of setting is general
Rate；
If requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability be not strict, i.e. PfApproximately and Pf_targetIt is equal, then
Using the set-up mode of conservative thresholding, obtainIts
In, Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) inverse function, Q () represent standard normal distribution probability density tail area letter
Number, q represent Dynamic gene, 1<Q≤40, Q-1(q×Pf_target) represent Q (q × Pf_target) inverse function；
If requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability strictly requires Pf≤Pf_target, then using radical thresholding
Set-up mode, obtainWherein, Q-1(Pf,H) represent Q
(Pf,H) inverse function, Q-1(q×Pf,H) represent Q (q × Pf,H) inverse function, Pf,HFor introduce intermediate variable, Represent the two neighboring perception in cognitive user
The previous perception frame in authorized user of frame is not take up authorizing frequency range and perceiving frame in authorized user at latter being also not take up awarding
Probability during power frequency rangeEstimated value,Represent the previous perception frame in mandate of the two neighboring perception frame in cognitive user
User is not take up authorizing frequency range and frame in authorized user being perceived at latter and takes probability when authorizing frequency rangeEstimated value.
DescribedWithObtained before frequency spectrum detection is carried out,WithAcquisition process be：
2. _ 2b_1, selection K' perceive frame and perceive frame composing training frame collection as training, wherein, K' >=1；
2. _ 2b_2, each the training perception frame in authorized user's occupancy concentrated in training frames using energy measuring method, judgement
The state of frequency range is authorized, the kth concentrated by training frames ' individual training perception frame, if Uk'≥λED, then judge to concentrate in training frames
Kth ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and takes and authorize frequency range, makes dk'=1；If Uk'<λED, then judge to concentrate in training frames
Kth ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk'=0；Wherein, 1≤k'≤K', Uk'Represent in instruction
Practice kth that frame concentrates ' individual training perceive frame perception time slot all sampling instants samplings signal energy statistic value, dk'Table
Show the kth concentrated in training frames ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and takes the state for authorizing frequency range；
2. _ 2b_3, statistics perceive frame from the 2nd training that training frames are concentrated and traverse event when the K' training perceives frame
dk”=0, dk”-1=1 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0, dk”-1=1)；And the 2nd training concentrated is counted from training frames
Perceive frame and traverse event d when the K' training perceives framek”=0 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0)；Wherein, 2≤k "
≤ K', dk”The individual training of the kth that expression is concentrated in training frames " perceives frame in authorized user and takes the state for authorizing frequency range, dk”-1Table
Show the kth concentrated in training frames " -1 training perceive frame in authorized user and take the state for authorizing frequency range；
2. _ 2b_4, according to num (dk”=0, dk”-1=1) and num (dk”=0), obtainFurther according toObtain
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
The inventive method make use of authorized user to take the probability for authorizing the state of frequency range to change between adjacent perception frame
With energy measuring method, less this property, i.e. the inventive method estimate that authorized user takes the state for authorizing frequency range adjacent first
Perceive and change and indeclinable probability between frame, satisfaction is provided with according to the theoretical value and the two probability estimated of false-alarm probability
The high threshold and threshold ones of target false-alarm probability constraint；Then frequency spectrum detection is carried out, if the energy system of current perception frame
Evaluation is more than high threshold, directly judges that authorized user is taken in current perception frame in and authorizes frequency range, otherwise using current sense
Know that frame and history perceive the energy statistic value of frame and authorizes the state of frequency range to carry out secondary judgement authorized user's occupancy：If current
The energy statistic value for perceiving frame is more than threshold ones, while the previous energy statistic value for perceiving frame is more than high threshold, and works as
Front perceives frame with the meansigma methodss of front several energy statistic values for perceiving frame also greater than high threshold, then judge that authorized user is working as
Front perception frame in takes and authorizes frequency range, otherwise judges authorized user in current perception frame not using mandate frequency range；This
Bright method can meet the constraint of target false-alarm probability, can obtain higher detection probability again, effectively increase frequency spectrum detection
Performance, so as to improve the service efficiency of frequency spectrum, while implementation complexity is low, detection real-time is preferable, and the system for taking
Bandwidth is also little.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 perceives the structural model of frame when carrying out frequency spectrum detection for cognitive user；
Fig. 2 is Pf_targetIt is existing energy measuring method when=0.01, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), existing
Some improvement energy measuring methods (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the detection of the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Probability PdWith false-alarm probability PfWith the change curve of signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal；
Fig. 3 is Pf_targetIt is existing energy measuring method when=0.1, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), existing
Some improvement energy measuring methods (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the detection of the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Probability PdWith false-alarm probability PfWith the change curve of signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal；
Fig. 4 a are Dynamic gene q to existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), existing
Improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding) detection it is general
The impact of rate；
Fig. 4 b are Dynamic gene q to existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), existing
Improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding) false-alarm it is general
The impact of rate；
Fig. 5 a areWithExisting energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door during change
Limit), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Detection probability situation of change；
Fig. 5 b areWithExisting energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door during change
Limit), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding)
False-alarm probability situation of change；
Fig. 6 realizes block diagram for the totality of the inventive method.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
Fig. 1 gives cognitive user and carries out the structural model of frame is perceived during frequency spectrum detection, and the present invention is proposed on this basis
A kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information, its totality realize block diagram as shown in fig. 6, it include it is following
Step：
1., in cognitive radio system, cognitive user perceives each sampling instant of the perception time slot of frame to which at each
The signal for receiving is sampled, and cognitive user is perceived the letter of n-th sampling instant sampling of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
Number it is designated as xk(n),Wherein, the initial value of k is 1,1≤k≤K, K
The total number of the perception frame of cognitive user is represented, K >=1 takes K in the present embodiment>10000, K=20000 is such as taken, n's is initial
It is worth for 1,1≤n≤N, N represents that each of cognitive user perceives the sampling number of the perception time slot of frame, and N >=250 are to ensure to perceive
The testing result of frame has higher credibility, therefore each should be made to perceive the sampling length of frame as far as possible greatly, in the present embodiment
Take N=1000, wkN () represents cognitive user in n-th sampling instant of the perception time slot of k-th perception frame in wireless channel
The white Gaussian noise of generation, hk(n) represent cognitive user k-th perceive frame perception time slot n-th sampling instant when without
The gain of line channel, skN () represents that cognitive user is authorized in n-th sampling instant of the perception time slot of k-th perception frame and uses
The signal that family sends, dkRepresent that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes the state for authorizing frequency range, dk=0 generation
Table is not take up authorizing frequency range, d in k-th perception frame in authorized user of cognitive userkK-th in cognitive user of=1 representative
Perceive frame in authorized user and take mandate frequency range.
In this particular embodiment, step 1. middle wkN () obedience average is 0 and variance isGauss distribution, in this reality
Take in applying example
2. each the perception frame in cognitive user takes to authorized user and authorizes the state of frequency range to detect, concrete mistake
Cheng Wei：
2. _ 1, calculate energy of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of each perception frame
Statistical value, cognitive user is perceived the energy statistic value note of all sampling instant sampled signals of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
For Uk,Wherein, symbol " | | " is delivery symbol, when N sufficiently large (N >=250), UkIt is approximate to obey Gauss
Distribution, Expression average is N and variance is the Gauss point of 2N
Cloth,Expression average is N (1+ γ) and variance is 2N (1+ γ)2Gauss distribution, γ represents and recognizes
Know the signal to noise ratio of user's receiving terminal.
_ 2,2. according to each time for perceiving frame of cognitive user and cognitive user each perception frame perception time slot
The energy statistic value of all sampling instant sampled signals, judges that each the perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and authorizes
The state of frequency range, for k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes state d for authorizing frequency rangek, which judged
Cheng Wei：
2. _ 2a, work as k<During M, judged using existing energy measuring method：If Uk≥λED, then judge in cognitive user
Perceive frame in authorized user k-th and take and authorize frequency range, make dk=1；If Uk<λED, then judge k-th sense in cognitive user
Know that frame in authorized user is not take up authorizing frequency range, make dk=0；As k >=M, execution step 2. _ 2b；Wherein, M represents that judgement is awarded
The total number of the perception frame used during the state of power CU mandate frequency range, 1≤M ＜ ＜ K take M=in the present embodiment
5, λEDRepresent the decision threshold of setting.
In this particular embodiment, step 2. _ 2a in takeWherein, Pf_targetRepresent
The target false-alarm probability of setting, is to ensure that the testing result for perceiving frame has higher credibility, therefore should be target false-alarm general
It is sufficiently small that rate is arranged, and typically requires Pf_target≤ 0.1, P is taken in the present embodimentf_target=0.01 or Pf_target=0.1,
Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) inverse function, Q () represent standard normal distribution probability density tail area function,Exp () represents the exponential function with natural radix e as bottom, and t becomes for integration
Amount.
2. _ 2b, calculating cognitive user are in all samplings of k-th perception frame and the perception time slot of front M-1 perception frame
The meansigma methodss of the energy statistic value of sampled signal are carved, is designated as Its
In, Uk-M+1Represent that cognitive user perceives the energy statisticses of all sampling instant sampled signals of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+1
Value, Uk-M+2Represent that cognitive user perceives the energy system of the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+2
Evaluation, Uk-1Represent energy statisticses of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of -1 perception frame of kth
Value,Approximate Gaussian distributed, Expression average is μavgAnd variance
For (σavg)2Gauss distribution,
X represents that the k-th perception frame and front M-1 perception frame in authorized user's occupancy in cognitive user authorizes the corresponding perception frame of frequency range
Total number；Then work as Uk≥λHWhen, judge that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and authorize frequency range, make dk
=1；Work as Uk<λHWhen, secondary judgement is carried out using double threshold：If λL≤Uk<λHAndAnd Uk-1≥λH, then judge
K-th of cognitive user perceives frame in authorized user and takes mandate frequency range, makes dk=1, otherwise, it is determined that in the kth of cognitive user
Individual perception frame in authorized user is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk=0；Wherein, λLRepresent the low threshold of setting, λHRepresent setting
High threshold, λL<λH。
In this particular embodiment, as k >=M, false-alarm probability of the cognitive radio system in k-th perception frame of cognitive user
Theoretical value PfExpression formula can be described as：Wherein,Represent in dkEvent U under conditions of=0k>λHThe probability of generation,
Represent in dkEvent λ under conditions of=1L<Uk≤λH,Uk-1>λH,The probability of generation；Then makeOrderOrder
Make Pf,L=q × Pf,H, obtainWherein,Represent in dk=0
Under conditions of event Uk>λLThe probability of generation,Represent in dkEvent U under conditions of=1k>λHThe probability of generation, Q tables
Show Dynamic gene, due to λL<λH, so q>1,1 is arranged in the present embodiment<Q≤40, such as take q=10,Represent in cognitive user
The two neighboring previous perception frame in authorized user for perceiving frame is not take up authorizing frequency range and perceives frame in authorized user at latter
The probability for being not take up authorizing during frequency range,Represent the previous perception frame in authorized user of the two neighboring perception frame in cognitive user
It is not take up authorizing frequency range and taking probability when authorizing frequency range in latter perception frame in authorized user,And in cognition
The adjacent perception frame in authorized user of user takes the change probability very little of the state for authorizing frequency range, therefore hasBy
InThereforeCan obtainWhen requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability be not strict, can use
The set-up mode of conservative thresholding obtains λLAnd λH, make, by cognition
The probability of the state change of the adjacent perception frame in authorized user occupancy mandate frequency range of user is less to be understoodAnd cognitive nothing
Line electric system typically requires false-alarm probability Pf≤ 0.1, so can obtain
When requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability is stricter, λ can be obtained with the set-up mode of radical thresholdingLAnd λH, makeI.e. step 2. _ 2b in λLAnd λHConcrete acquisition process be：Make Pf
The theoretical value of the false-alarm probability of cognitive radio system is represented, P is madef_targetThe target false-alarm probability of setting is represented, is to ensure sense
Know that the testing result of frame has higher credibility, therefore sufficiently small, the general requirement that target false-alarm probability should be arranged
Pf_target≤ 0.1, P is taken in the present embodimentf_target=0.01 or Pf_target=0.1；If cognitive radio system is to false-alarm
The requirement of probability is not strict, i.e. PfApproximately and Pf_targetIt is equal, the set-up mode of conservative thresholding can be adopted, is obtainedWherein, Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) it is anti-
Function, Q () represent the tail area function of standard normal distribution probability density,exp()
Represent exponential function with natural radix e as bottom, t is integration variable, q represents Dynamic gene, arranges 1 in the present embodiment<Q≤40, such as
Take q=10, Q-1(q×Pf_target) represent Q (q × Pf_target) inverse function,Such as
Requirement of the fruit cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability strictly requires Pf≤Pf_target, then using the setting side of radical thresholding
Formula, obtainsWherein, Q-1(Pf,H) represent Q (Pf,H) it is anti-
Function,Q-1(q×Pf,H) represent Q (q × Pf,H) inverse function,Pf,HFor the intermediate variable for introducing, it is the setting requirements for meeting radical thresholding
OrderThis quadratic equation with one unknown is solved, is obtained Represent the two neighboring perception in cognitive user
The previous perception frame in authorized user of frame is not take up authorizing frequency range and perceiving frame in authorized user at latter being also not take up awarding
Probability during power frequency rangeEstimated value,Represent the previous perception frame in mandate of the two neighboring perception frame in cognitive user
User is not take up authorizing frequency range and frame in authorized user being perceived at latter and takes probability when authorizing frequency rangeEstimated value,
WithFrame was perceived by K' training before frequency spectrum detection is carried out to obtain, in order to ensure the accuracy of result, K' and sampling number N
Should be sufficiently large, K'=10000, N=5000 are taken in the present embodiment, its process is：2. _ 2b_1, selection K' perceive frame and make
Frame composing training frame collection is perceived for training, wherein, K' >=1.2. _ 2b_2, using energy measuring method, judge what is concentrated in training frames
Each trains the state for perceiving that frame in authorized user takes mandate frequency range, the kth concentrated by training frames ' individual training perception frame,
If Uk'≥λED, then judge the kth concentrated in training frames ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and takes and authorize frequency range, makes dk'=1；
If Uk'<λED, then judge the kth concentrated in training frames ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk'=
0；Wherein, 1≤k'≤K', Uk'Represent the kth concentrated in training frames ' individual training perceive frame perception time slot all sampling instants
The energy statistic value of sampled signal, dk'Represent the kth concentrated in training frames ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and takes and authorize frequency
The state of section.2. _ 2b_3, statistics traverse the K' training from the 2nd training perception frame that training frames are concentrated and perceive frame current events
Part dk”=0, dk”-1=1 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0, dk”-1=1)；And the 2nd instruction concentrated is counted from training frames
Practice and perceive event d when frame traverses the K' training perception framek”=0 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0)；Wherein, 2≤
K "≤K', dk”The individual training of the kth that expression is concentrated in training frames " perceives frame in authorized user and takes the state for authorizing frequency range, dk”-1
- 1 training of the kth that expression is concentrated in training frames " perceives the state that frame in authorized user takes mandate frequency range.2. _ 2b_4, basis
num(dk”=0, dk”-1=1) and num (dk”=0), obtainFurther according toObtain
Below by way of Computer Simulation, the feasibility and effectiveness of the inventive method are further illustrated.
The white Gaussian noise produced in assuming wireless channel, average is 0 and variance is 1, the signal that authorized user sends
It is 0 to be average and variance is 1, amplitude Normal Distribution, signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal not time to time change, together
When assume cognitive user each perceive frame it is separate.The duration TF=10ms for perceiving frame is made according to 802.22 agreements, is authorized
The average duration of CU mandate frequency rangeWith the average duration for being not take up mandate frequency rangePoisson distribution is obeyed.
It is right in order to obtain more stable reliable simulation result, each false-alarm probability and detection probability
50000 perceive frame and are detected.When frequency spectrum detection is carried out, sampling number N=1000 is made.
Fig. 2 gives Pf_targetExisting energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door when=0.01
Limit), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Detection probability PdWith false-alarm probability PfWith the change curve of signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal.From figure 2 it can be seen that
The detection probability of various methods all increases with the increase of signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal；Existing improvement energy inspection
Although survey method has higher detection probability, but its false-alarm probability is also very when signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal is larger
Height, not can guarantee that it is close to target false-alarm probability under conservative thresholding and radical thresholding, such as in γ=- 8dB, existing improvement
Energy measuring method (conservative thresholding) and the existing false-alarm probability for improving energy measuring method (radical thresholding) are up to 0.065 He respectively
0.049；And the false-alarm probability of the inventive method (conservative thresholding) and the inventive method (radical thresholding) does not significantly increase, no
Signal to noise ratio γ by cognitive user receiving terminal is much, and it is all close to and is required with target false-alarm probability, and the inventive method is (conservative
Thresholding) and the inventive method (radical thresholding) detection probability simply slightly lower than existing improvement energy measuring method, but relatively
Existing energy measuring method improves significantly, such as equally in γ=- 8dB, the detection of the inventive method (conservative thresholding)
Probability is 0.92, improves 0.07 than existing energy measuring method.
Fig. 3 gives Pf_targetExisting energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door when=0.1
Limit), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Detection probability PdWith false-alarm probability PfWith the change curve of signal to noise ratio γ of cognitive user receiving terminal.Knowable to contrast Fig. 2, work as mesh
Mark false-alarm probability Pf_targetWhen improving to 0.1, under signal to noise ratio γ of the receiving terminal of same cognitive user, the detection of various methods is general
Rate is all significantly improved.It is the same with Fig. 2, it is existing to improve energy measuring method (conservative thresholding) and existing improvement energy measuring method
(radical thresholding) while detection probability is improved also improves false-alarm probability, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door
Limit) false-alarm probability even significantly greater than target false-alarm probability.And it is same under conservative thresholding method to set up, the inventive method
Detection probability is only slightly lower than the existing detection probability for improving energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), and its false-alarm probability is remote low
In the existing false-alarm probability for improving energy measuring method (conservative thresholding)；The inventive method (radical thresholding) can strictly meet mesh
The requirement of mark false-alarm probability, while also there is good detection probability performance.
Fig. 4 a give Dynamic gene q to existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding),
Existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inspection of the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Survey the impact of probability；It is (conservative to existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method that Fig. 4 b give Dynamic gene q
Thresholding), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical door
Limit) false-alarm probability impact.Target false-alarm probability P is set during emulationf_target=0.01, the noise of the receiving terminal of cognitive user
Than γ=- 8dB.Knowable in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative door
Limit), it is existing improve energy measuring method (radical thresholding) detection probability and false-alarm probability do not change with q, this is because
This two classes method is unrelated with q；The false-alarm probability of the inventive method (conservative thresholding) approximately linearly increases as q increases, but
All the time the existing false-alarm probability for improving energy measuring method (conservative thresholding) is significantly less than, while increasing of its detection probability with q
The existing detection probability for improving energy measuring method (conservative thresholding) is approached greatly and gradually, therefore, the inventive method (conservative door
Limit) while false-alarm probability is effectively reduced, moreover it is possible to there is higher detection probability；The false-alarm of the inventive method (radical thresholding) is general
Rate increases with q and has reduced, and consistently lower than target false-alarm probability, and its detection probability is presented the trend of first increases and then decreases,
Maximum is reached near q=5, therefore, the inventive method (radical thresholding) can be obtained on the premise of target false-alarm probability is ensured
To higher detection probability.
Fig. 5 a giveWithDuring change, existing energy measuring method, existing improvement energy measuring method (are protected
Keep goal limit), it is existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the inventive method (radical door
Limit) detection probability situation of change, Fig. 5 b giveWithExisting energy measuring method during change, existing change
Enter energy measuring method (conservative thresholding), existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), sheet
The situation of change of the false-alarm probability of inventive method (radical thresholding).As can be seen that existing energy measuring from Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b
The detection probability and false-alarm probability of method not withWithChange；And existing improvement energy measuring method (conservative thresholding),
Existing improvement energy measuring method (radical thresholding), the inventive method (conservative thresholding), the void of the inventive method (radical thresholding)
Alarm probability all reduces with their increase, and its detection probability all increases with their increase, this is because working as
WithDuring increase, adjacent perception frame in authorized user takes and authorizes the state change probability of frequency range to reduce, at this moment using adjacent
The energy of the signal of several frame samplings will be helpful to the accuracy for improving frequency spectrum detection.It can also be seen that working as from Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 bWithDuring change, the false-alarm probability of the inventive method is below the existing false-alarm probability for improving energy measuring method；
Meanwhile, although the detection probability of the inventive method is more slightly lower than existing improvement energy measuring method, it is far above existing energy
The detection probability of detection method.
It is feasible and effective that above-mentioned simulation analysis fully indicate the inventive method.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1., in cognitive radio system, cognitive user is received to which in each sampling instant of the perception time slot of each perception frame
To signal sampled, by cognitive user k-th perceive frame perception time slot n-th sampling instant sampling signal note
For xk(n),Wherein, the initial value of k is 1, and 1≤k≤K, K are represented
The total number of the perception frame of cognitive user, K >=1, the initial value of n is 1,1≤n≤N, and N represents that each of cognitive user perceives frame
Perception time slot sampling number, N >=250, wkN () represents that cognitive user perceives n-th of the perception time slot of frame and adopts at k-th
The white Gaussian noise produced in wireless channel during the sample moment, hkN () represents that cognitive user perceives the perception time slot of frame at k-th
The gain of wireless channel, s during n-th sampling instantkN () represents that cognitive user perceives n-th of the perception time slot of frame at k-th
The signal that authorized user sends during sampling instant, dkRepresent that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes to authorize
The state of frequency range, dk=0 representative is not take up authorizing frequency range, d in k-th perception frame in authorized user of cognitive userk=1 represents
K-th in cognitive user perceives frame in authorized user occupancy mandate frequency range；
2. each the perception frame in cognitive user takes to authorized user and authorizes the state of frequency range to detect, detailed process
For：
2. energy statisticses of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of each perception frame _ 1, are calculated
Value, the energy statistic value that cognitive user is perceived the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at k-th are designated as
Uk,Wherein, symbol " | | " is delivery symbol；
2. _ 2, according to each time for perceiving frame of cognitive user and cognitive user each perception frame perception time slot it is all
The energy statistic value of the signal of sampling instant sampling judges that each the perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and authorizes frequency
The state of section, for k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes state d for authorizing frequency rangek, its decision process
For：
2. _ 2a, work as k<During M, judged using energy measuring method：If Uk≥λED, then judge k-th perception in cognitive user
Frame in authorized user takes and authorizes frequency range, makes dk=1；If Uk<λED, then judge k-th perception frame in mandate in cognitive user
User is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk=0；As k >=M, execution step 2. _ 2b；Wherein, M represents that judgement authorized user takes
The total number of the perception frame used during the state for authorizing frequency range, 1≤M ＜ ＜ K, λEDRepresent the decision threshold of setting；
2. _ 2b, calculating cognitive user perceive all sampling instants of the perception time slot of frame and front M-1 perception frame and adopt at k-th
The meansigma methodss of the energy statistic value of the signal of sample, are designated as Wherein,
Uk-M+1Represent that cognitive user perceives the energy statisticses of the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+1
Value, Uk-M+2Represent that cognitive user perceives the signal energy system of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of frame at kth-M+2
Evaluation, Uk-1Represent energy system of the cognitive user in the signal of all sampling instant samplings of the perception time slot of -1 perception frame of kth
Evaluation；Then work as Uk≥λHWhen, judge that k-th perception frame in authorized user in cognitive user takes and authorize frequency range, make dk=1；
Work as Uk<λHWhen, secondary judgement is carried out using double threshold：If λL≤Uk<λHAndAnd Uk-1≥λH, then judge in cognition
K-th of user perceives frame in authorized user and takes mandate frequency range, makes dk=1, otherwise, it is determined that k-th in cognitive user is felt
Know that frame in authorized user is not take up authorizing frequency range, make dk=0；Wherein, λLRepresent the low threshold of setting, λHRepresent the wealthy family of setting
Limit, λL<λH。
2. a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described step 1. middle wkN () obedience average is 0 and variance isGauss distribution.
3. a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exist
In described step 2. _ 2a in takeWherein, Pf_targetThe target false-alarm probability of setting is represented,
Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) inverse function, Q () represent standard normal distribution probability density tail area function.
4. a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described step 2. _ 2b in λLAnd λHConcrete acquisition process be：
Make PfThe theoretical value of the false-alarm probability of cognitive radio system is represented, P is madef_targetRepresent the target false-alarm probability of setting；
If requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability be not strict, i.e. PfApproximately and Pf_targetIt is equal, then adopt
The set-up mode of conservative thresholding, obtainsWherein, Q-1(Pf_target) represent Q (Pf_target) inverse function, Q () represent standard normal distribution probability density tail area function, q
Expression Dynamic gene, 1<Q≤40, Q-1(q×Pf_target) represent Q (q × Pf_target) inverse function；
If requirement of the cognitive radio system to false-alarm probability strictly requires Pf≤Pf_target, then using the setting side of radical thresholding
Formula, obtainsWherein, Q-1(Pf,H) represent Q (Pf,H) inverse function, Q-1(q×Pf,H)
Represent Q (q × Pf,H) inverse function, Pf,HFor introduce intermediate variable, Represent that the previous perception frame in authorized user in the two neighboring perception frame of cognitive user is not take up authorizing frequency range and rear
One perception frame in authorized user is also not take up authorizing probability during frequency rangeEstimated value,Represent in the adjacent of cognitive user
The previous perception frame in authorized user of two perception frames is not take up authorizing frequency range and perceiving frame in authorized user at latter and account for
With probability during mandate frequency rangeEstimated value.
5. a kind of double threshold energy detection method based on history perception information according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
DescribedWithObtained before frequency spectrum detection is carried out,WithAcquisition process be：
2. _ 2b_1, selection K' perceive frame and perceive frame composing training frame collection as training, wherein, K' >=1；
2. _ 2b_2, each the training perception frame in authorized user's occupancy mandate concentrated in training frames using energy measuring method, judgement
The state of frequency range, the kth concentrated by training frames ' individual training perception frame, if Uk'≥λED, then judge the concentrated in training frames
K' training perceives frame in authorized user and takes mandate frequency range, makes dk'=1；If Uk'<λED, then judge the concentrated in training frames
K' training perceives frame in authorized user and is not take up authorizing frequency range, makes dk'=0；Wherein, 1≤k'≤K', Uk'Represent in training frames
The kth of concentration ' individual training perceive frame perception time slot all sampling instants samplings signal energy statistic value, dk'Represent
The kth that training frames are concentrated ' individual training perceives frame in authorized user and take the state for authorizing frequency range；
2. _ 2b_3, statistics perceive frame from the 2nd training that training frames are concentrated and traverse event d when the K' training perceives framek”=
0,dk”-1=1 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0, dk”-1=1)；And the 2nd training perception concentrated is counted from training frames
Frame traverses event d when the K' training perceives framek”=0 number of times for occurring, is designated as num (dk”=0)；Wherein, 2≤k "≤K',
dk”The individual training of the kth that expression is concentrated in training frames " perceives frame in authorized user and takes the state for authorizing frequency range, dk”-1Represent in instruction
- 1 training of the kth that white silk frame is concentrated " perceives the state that frame in authorized user takes mandate frequency range；
2. _ 2b_4, according to num (dk”=0, dk”-1=1) and num (dk”=0), obtainAgain
According toObtain
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