CN106541132B - Laser 3D printing machine and its focusing system and method - Google Patents
Laser 3D printing machine and its focusing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106541132B CN106541132B CN201510597929.1A CN201510597929A CN106541132B CN 106541132 B CN106541132 B CN 106541132B CN 201510597929 A CN201510597929 A CN 201510597929A CN 106541132 B CN106541132 B CN 106541132B
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Abstract
A kind of 3D printing focusing system, including laser light path system, reference substrate, test board, camera and controller.The laser light path system is for exporting a laser beam.The test board is assemblied in the reference substrate.The controller reaches a second position for controlling the reference substrate from a first position stepping n times；And reference substrate is primary per stepping, which controls the laser light path system and etches an indentation on the test board to form N number of indentation.The camera is for taking pictures to the indentation formed on the test board.The controller is additionally operable to, according to the trend of each indentation variation in the photo, the difference in height of the reference substrate and substrate zero-bit be determined, and accordingly adjust the position of the laser light path system according to the difference in height, to adjust the focal position of the laser beam.The 3D printing focusing system has higher focusing efficiency and accuracy.The invention further relates to a kind of 3D printing focus adjustment method and laser 3D printing machines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser 3D printing technology more particularly to a kind of 3D printing focusing systems and focus adjustment method.
Background technology
3D printer is also known as three-dimensional printer, is a kind of to be adopted based on digital model file using rapid prototyping technology
With moulding material, the printing device of three-dimensional entity is constructed by layer-by-layer printing.It is quick with 3D printing technique
Development, 3D printer have been widely used in product manufacturing industry.
3D printer currently used for directly manufacturing metal function part is usually laser 3D printing machine.Before use, needing
It to focus to the light path system of laser 3D printing machine, so that the laser beam of light path system output can just focus on processing
Surface.Existing focus adjustment method, which generally by field personnel visually observe, to be judged and adjusts manually, such method
It does not simply fail to ensure focusing accuracy, and inefficiency of focusing.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient and accurate 3D printing focusing systems.
In addition, another object of the present invention also resides in a kind of efficient and accurate 3D printing focus adjustment method of offer.
It is beaten in addition, another object of the present invention also resides in a kind of laser 3D using the 3D printing focusing system of offer
Print machine.
A kind of 3D printing focusing system, including：
Laser light path system, for exporting a laser beam；
Reference substrate；
Test board is assemblied in the reference substrate, and the surface co-planar on the surface of the test board and the reference substrate；
Controller, for control the reference substrate from a first position stepping n times reach a second position, first position and
The second position is symmetrical relative to substrate zero-bit, and each step distance is identical；And reference substrate is primary per stepping, controller control
The laser light path system etches an indentation to form N number of indentation on the test board, and N number of indentation is concentric and equidistantly arranges；
Wherein, N is the integer more than or equal to three, which refers to the work when the surface and the laser 3D printing machine of the reference substrate
When making the surface co-planar of platform, the position of the reference substrate；And
Camera, for after the reference substrate completes n times stepping, taking pictures to the indentation formed on the test board,
And the photo of shooting is exported to controller；
Wherein, which is additionally operable to, according to the trend of each indentation variation in the photo, identify an intermediate indentation, according to
The position of reference substrate and reference substrate and substrate zero-bit at this time when the location determination of the intermediate indentation forms the intermediate indentation
Difference in height.
Further, the test board is made of alumina material, and color is grey black.
Further, the shape of each indentation can be square, rectangle, polygon, circle, ellipse, arc
One kind in shape.
Further, further include the first driving structure, be set in the moulding cylinder of laser 3D printing machine；The first driving knot
Structure drives reference substrate to make stepping movement for carrying reference substrate under the control of the controller.
Further, further include the second driving structure for being connected to the laser light path system, the controller is according to the height
Difference controls second driving structure driving laser light path system movement, makes the laser beam focus in the substrate zero-bit.
Further, brightness and change width trend of the controller according to each indentation identifies that the centre is carved
Trace.
A kind of 3D printing focus adjustment method, the laser beam for the laser light path system output to laser 3D printing machine are adjusted
Coke, this method comprises the following steps：
A reference substrate and a test board are provided, which is assemblied in the reference substrate, and the surface of the test board
With the surface co-planar of the reference substrate；
It controls the reference substrate and reaches a second position, first position and second position phase from a first position stepping n times
Symmetrical for substrate zero-bit, each step distance is identical；And reference substrate is primary per stepping, controls the laser light path system at this
An indentation is etched on test board to form N number of indentation, and N number of indentation is concentric and equidistantly arranges；Wherein, N is more than or equal to three
Integer, which refers to the surface co-planar when the workbench of surface and the laser 3D printing machine of the reference substrate
When, the position of the reference substrate；
After the reference substrate completes n times stepping, take pictures to the indentation formed on the test board；
According to the trend of each indentation variation in the photo of shooting, an intermediate indentation is identified, according to the position of the intermediate indentation
It sets and determines when forming the intermediate indentation position of reference substrate and the at this time difference in height of reference substrate and substrate zero-bit；And
The position that the laser light path system is accordingly adjusted according to the difference in height, to adjust the focal position of the laser beam.
Further, brightness and change width trend of the controller according to each indentation identifies that the centre is carved
Trace.
Further, the difference in height when forming the intermediate indentation between the position and the substrate zero-bit of the reference substrate is
Positive value then controls the corresponding distance of value that the laser light path system declines the difference in height；The benchmark base when forming the intermediate indentation
Difference in height between the position of plate and the substrate zero-bit is negative value, then controls the value pair that the laser light path system rises the difference in height
The distance answered.
A kind of laser 3D printing machine includes the workbench for carrying out 3D printing, and the laser 3D printing machine further includes
The focusing system.
Compared to the prior art, 3D printing focusing system of the present invention and method, benchmark is automatically controlled by controller
The stepping of substrate is mobile and the etching of laser light path system, forms the indentation of rule gradual change, and by after the taking pictures of camera
The variation tendency of automatic identification indentation finds out the difference in height of focal plane position and the focal plane position and substrate zero-bit accordingly, control
Device processed itself or operating personnel can adjust the position of laser light path system according to the difference in height, reach and adjusted to laser beam foucing
Purpose.Focusing efficiency is not only increased, and avoids manually visually observing the error brought, improves the precision of focusing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the laser 3D printing machine of better embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the laser light path system of laser 3D printing machine shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the 3D printing focus adjustment method of better embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the indentation that the test board of laser 3D printing machine shown in Fig. 1 is formed.
Main element symbol description
Laser 3D printing machine 100
Rack 10
Ontology 11
Workbench 12
Straight slot 121
Moulding cylinder 13
Supporting rack 14
Laser light path system 20
Laser 21
X galvanometers 22
X scanning mirrors 23
Y galvanometers 24
Y scan mirror 25
Field lens 26
Laser beam 27
Reference substrate 31
Test board 32
First driving structure 33
Loading plate 331
Second driving structure 34
Controller 35
Camera 36
Following specific implementation mode will be further illustrated the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned attached drawing.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1, the laser 3D printing machine 100 of better embodiment of the present invention includes rack 10, laser light path system
20 and focusing system.Laser light path system 20 and focusing system (figure is not marked) may be contained in rack 10.Focusing system is used for
It focuses to laser light path system 20.
Rack 10 includes ontology 11, workbench 12, moulding cylinder 13 and supporting rack 14.Workbench 12 is fixed on ontology
On 11.Perforation offers straight slot 121 on workbench 12, moulding cylinder 13 be set to 12 lower section of workbench and with 121 phase of straight slot
Alignment setting.Supporting rack 14 is movably assemblied on ontology 11, for installing laser light path system 20.
Referring to Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, laser light path system 20 is mirror-vibrating laser light path system comprising is swashed
Light device 21, X galvanometers 22, X scanning mirrors 23, Y galvanometers 24, Y scan mirror 25 and field lens 26.The laser beam 27 that laser 21 is sent out
It is focused on workbench 12 after X scanning mirrors 23, the reflection of Y scan mirror 25 and the convergence of field lens 26 successively.Pass through control
The rotation of X galvanometers 22 and Y galvanometers 24 processed can control movement of the laser beam 27 on workbench 12, to form laser processing
Path.
Referring back to Fig. 1, focusing system includes reference substrate 31, test board 32, the first driving structure 33, second driving knot
Structure 34, controller 35 and camera 36.
Reference substrate 31 is for assembling test board 32 and test board 32 being driven to move.When test board 32 is assemblied in reference substrate
After 31, the surface co-planar on the surface and reference substrate 31 of test board 32.In the present embodiment, reference substrate 31 offers assembly
Slot (not shown), test board 32 are assemblied in the fitting groove.The size of reference substrate 31 is suitable with the size of straight slot 121.Benchmark
Substrate 31 has a substrate zero-bit, when substrate zero-bit refers to the surface co-planar when the surface of reference substrate 31 and workbench 12,
The position of reference substrate 31.
The size of test board 32 is suitable with the molding range of laser 3D printing machine 100 or bigger is about molded range.In this reality
It applies in mode, test board 32 is made of aluminium oxide or other light sensitive materials, color preferably substantially grey black.
First driving structure 33 is for driving reference substrate 31 to move up and down.First driving structure 33 includes a loading plate
331, for carrying reference substrate 31.In the present embodiment, the first driving structure 33 is set in moulding cylinder 13, in this way, base
Quasi- substrate 31 and the test board 32 being fitted thereon can move to work via straight slot 121 under the driving of the first driving structure 33 and put down
It is retracted into moulding cylinder 13 above platform 12 and via straight slot 121.First driving structure 33 is preferably stepper motor.
Second driving structure 34 is for driving laser light path system 20 to be moved towards or away from workbench 12, to adjust
The focus for the laser beam 27 that laser light path system 20 exports.In the present embodiment, the second driving structure 34 is set to rack 10
It goes up and is connected to supporting rack 14.Second driving structure 34 drives laser light path system 20 whole by driving the movement of supporting rack 14
Body moves.
Controller 35 is for controlling the first driving structure 33, the second driving structure 34, camera 36 and laser light path system
20 start.Controller 35 is to the first driving structure 33, the second driving structure 34, camera 36 and laser light path system 20
Control process will be described in detail in figure 3.
Referring to Fig. 3, the 3D printing focus adjustment method of better embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step S1：One reference substrate 31 and a test board 32 are provided.Reference substrate 31 has a benchmark zero-bit, the reference zero
When position refers to the surface co-planar of the workbench 12 when the surface of the reference substrate Yu the laser 3D printing machine 100, reference substrate
31 position.Test board 32 is assemblied in reference substrate 31, and the surface co-planar on the surface of test board 32 and reference substrate 31.
Step S2：First driving structure 33 drives reference substrate 31 to be moved to first position under control of the controller 35.
Step S3：First driving structure 33 drives reference substrate 31 from first position stepping N under the control of controller 35
The secondary arrival second position, first position and the second position are symmetrical relative to substrate zero-bit, and each step distance is identical；And benchmark base
Plate 31 is primary per stepping, and controller 35 controls laser light path system 20 and etches an indentation on test board 32 to form N number of quarter
Trace, and N number of indentation is concentric and equidistantly arranges.N is the integer more than or equal to 3.
For example, first position is the position relative to substrate zero-bit+3mm height, the second position is relative to substrate zero-bit-
The position of 3mm height.When reference substrate 31 is located at first position, controller 35 controls laser light path system 20 with 50W power
Laser beam 27 on test board 32 one length of side of ablation be X mm square indentation L1(as shown in Figure 4), X may be greater than zero
Less than any number of 32 length of side of test board, for example, X takes 10.Subsequent controller 35 controls the first driving structure 33 and drives benchmark
Substrate 31 declines the step distance of 0.1mm, and controller 35 controls laser light path system 20 and etches a length of side on test board 32
For the square indentation L of X+1mm2, so recycle 60 times, until reference substrate 31 drops to the position of -3mm height, form N
Indentation L1,L2,…,Lm,…LN-1,LN。
In other selectable embodiments, first position and the second position are not limited at a distance from substrate zero-bit
State the 3mm enumerated, or other suitable distances, such as can be 4mm or 5mm etc..In addition, reference substrate 31 is each
Step distance is also not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned 0.1mm enumerated, or other suitable step distances, such as 0.2mm or 0.3mm
Deng.
In other selectable embodiments, first position can be the position relative to substrate zero-bit -3mm height,
The second position is position relative to substrate zero-bit+3mm height, at this point, reference substrate 31 in etching process then from lower to upper
Stepping.
In other selectable embodiments, the indentation etched on test board 32 is not limited to enumerated pros
Shape can be other any suitable shapes, such as rectangle, circle, ellipse, polygon or arc etc., only need to ensure
It is equidistant and be arranged concentrically between each indentation.
In other selectable embodiments, with the stepping of 31 position of reference substrate, each indentation on test board 32
Formation be not limited to it is enumerated successively increase from inside to outside, also with 31 position of reference substrate stepping with ecto-entad
Mode etch indentation successively.
Step S4：Controller 35 controls camera 36 and takes pictures to the indentation formed on test board 32, and receives camera shooting
The photo of first 36 output.
Step S5：Controller 35 identifies an intermediate indentation, and according in this according to the trend of each indentation variation in photo
Between the location determination of the indentation position of reference substrate 31 and reference substrate 31 and substrate zero-bit at this time when forming the intermediate indentation
Difference in height.
Specifically, brightness and change width trend of the controller 35 according to each indentation, identify the intermediate indentation；According to
Stepping rule (such as the still stepping from lower to upper of stepping from top to bottom), the formation rule (example of each indentation of the reference substrate 31
As etching or ecto-entad etch successively successively from inside to outside) and the position of the intermediate indentation between each indentation, you can
The position of reference substrate 31 when judging to form the intermediate indentation.
The laser beam 27 exported due to laser light path system 20 is only there are one focal plane, when the surface of test board 32 just position
When the focal plane, the indentation that laser beam 27 etches shows as the bright and thin (L in such as Fig. 4 relative to other indentationsm), i.e., in
Between indentation.And when test board 32 is not in the focal plane of laser beam 27, the indentation that laser beam 27 etches is with test board 32
Increase and the gradual dimmed and (L in such as Fig. 4 that broadens at a distance from focal plane2And LN-1), until becoming indistinct (in such as Fig. 4
L1And LN).Therefore, by comparing the brightness of each indentation and change width trend, then the intermediate indentation can be found out, and look for accordingly
The position of reference substrate 31 and test board 32 relative to substrate zero-bit when going out to be formed intermediate indentation, when being located at the position, benchmark base
Plate 31 and test board 32 are then placed exactly on the focal plane of the laser beam 27 of the laser light path system 20 output.
Step S6：Controller 35 accordingly adjusts laser light path system according to second driving structure of difference in height adjusting control 34
20 height, to make the focus of the laser beam 27 of the output of laser light path system 20 be located at substrate zero-bit.
Specifically, the difference in height when forming the intermediate indentation between the position and the substrate zero-bit of reference substrate 31 is just
It is worth, then controller 35 controls the corresponding distance of value that laser light path system 20 declines the difference in height；When forming the intermediate indentation
Difference in height between the position of reference substrate 31 and the substrate zero-bit is negative value, then controller 35 controls on laser light path system 20
Rise the corresponding distance of value of the difference in height.For example, position of the reference substrate 31 relative to substrate zero-bit when forming the intermediate indentation
It is set to+1mm, then controller 35 controls the second driving structure 34 driving decline 1mm height of laser light path system 20；When being formed in this
Between indentation when reference substrate 31 relative to substrate zero-bit position be -1mm, then controller 35 control the second driving structure 34 driving
Laser light path system 20 rises 1mm height.
Step S7：Step S2-S5 is repeated, and judges whether the difference in height is zero, if so, flow terminates；Otherwise it returns
Step S6.
The 3D printing focusing system and method for the present invention, the stepping that reference substrate 31 is automatically controlled by controller 35 are moved
And the etching of laser light path system 20, the indentation of rule gradual change is formed, and carve by automatic identification after the taking pictures of camera 36
The variation tendency of trace, finds out focal plane position accordingly.Focusing efficiency is not only increased, and avoids manually visually observing and bring
Error improves the precision of focusing.In addition, controller 35 controls the position tune of laser light path system 20 also according to the difference in height
Section achievees the purpose that automatic focusing, whole prosthetic participate in, realizes focusing automation.
It is appreciated that in another embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting to the position of laser light path system 20 can also adopt
Manually.It, will after controller 35 goes out the difference in height of reference substrate 31 and substrate zero-bit according to the position judgment of intermediate indentation
The difference in height exports.It shows or is notified in such a way that sound is reported for example, the difference in height can be exported to display.
Operating personnel can adjust the position of laser light path system 20 according to the difference in height manually, so as to adjust the focus position of laser beam 27
It sets, the laser beam 27 is made to focus on substrate zero-bit.
Those skilled in the art it should be appreciated that more than embodiment be intended merely to illustrate the present invention,
And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as within the spirit of the present invention, made by above example
Appropriate change and variation is all fallen within the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of 3D printing focusing system, it is applied to laser 3D printing machine, which is characterized in that the system includes：
Rack, the rack include ontology and supporting rack, and support frame as described above is movably assemblied in the ontology；
Laser light path system, for exporting a laser beam, the laser light path system is set on support frame as described above；Benchmark base
Plate；
Test board is assemblied in the reference substrate, and the surface co-planar on the surface of the test board and the reference substrate；
Controller reaches a second position, first position and second for controlling the reference substrate from a first position stepping n times
Position is symmetrical relative to substrate zero-bit, and each step distance is identical；And reference substrate is primary per stepping, which controls this and swashs
Light light path system etches an indentation to form N number of indentation on the test board, and N number of indentation is concentric and equidistantly arranges；Wherein,
N is the integer more than or equal to three, which refers to when the surface of the reference substrate and the work of the laser 3D printing machine are flat
When the surface co-planar of platform, the position of the reference substrate；And
Camera, for after the reference substrate completes n times stepping, taking pictures to the indentation formed on the test board, and will
The photo of shooting is exported to controller；
Wherein, which is additionally operable to, according to the trend of each indentation variation in the photo, an intermediate indentation be identified, according in this
Between the location determination of the indentation position of reference substrate and the height of reference substrate and substrate zero-bit at this time when forming the intermediate indentation
Degree is poor.
2. 3D printing focusing system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The test board is made of alumina material,
Color is grey black.
3. 3D printing focusing system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shape of each indentation be polygon,
One kind in round, ellipse, arc.
4. 3D printing focusing system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include the first driving structure, is set to sharp
In the moulding cylinder of light 3D printer；First driving structure drives for carrying reference substrate under the control of the controller
Reference substrate makees stepping movement.
5. 3D printing focusing system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include being connected to the laser light path system
Second driving structure, the controller control second driving structure driving laser light path system according to the difference in height and move, and make this
Laser beam focus is in the substrate zero-bit.
6. 3D printing focusing system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The controller is according to the brightness of each indentation
And change width trend, identify the intermediate indentation.
7. a kind of 3D printing focus adjustment method, the laser beam for the laser light path system output to laser 3D printing machine is adjusted
Coke, this method comprises the following steps：
One reference substrate and a test board are provided, which is assemblied in the reference substrate, and the surface of the test board with should
The surface co-planar of reference substrate；
Control the reference substrate and reach a second position from a first position stepping n times, first position and the second position relative to
Substrate zero-bit is symmetrical, and each step distance is identical；And reference substrate is primary per stepping, controls the laser light path system in the test
An indentation is etched on plate to form N number of indentation, and N number of indentation is concentric and equidistantly arranges；Wherein, N is whole more than or equal to three
Number should when the substrate zero-bit refers to the surface co-planar of the workbench when the surface of the reference substrate Yu the laser 3D printing machine
The position of reference substrate；
After the reference substrate completes n times stepping, take pictures to the indentation formed on the test board；
According to the trend of each indentation variation in the photo of shooting, identify that an intermediate indentation, the position according to the intermediate indentation are true
It is shaped as when the intermediate indentation position of reference substrate and the at this time difference in height of reference substrate and substrate zero-bit；And
The position that the laser light path system is accordingly adjusted according to the difference in height, to adjust the focal position of the laser beam.
8. 3D printing focus adjustment method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The controller is according to the brightness of each indentation
And change width trend, identify the intermediate indentation.
9. 3D printing focus adjustment method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The reference substrate when forming the intermediate indentation
Position and the substrate zero-bit between difference in height be positive value, then control the laser light path system decline the difference in height value correspond to
Distance；Difference in height when forming the intermediate indentation between the position and the substrate zero-bit of reference substrate is negative value, then controls
The laser light path system rises the corresponding distance of value of the difference in height.
10. a kind of laser 3D printing machine includes the workbench for carrying out 3D printing, it is characterised in that：The laser 3D is beaten
Print machine further includes focusing system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN108723365A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-11-02 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Burnt method and system are looked in a kind of laser 3D printing automatically |
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| US7329860B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2008-02-12 | Illumina, Inc. | Confocal imaging methods and apparatus |
| CN203695959U (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-07-09 | 金华市闪铸科技有限公司 | Selected laser sintering molding 3D printing equipment |
| CN104607638A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-13 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | Novel laser output device for 3D printing |
| CN204596290U (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-08-26 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of mirror-vibrating laser scanning experimental teaching unit |
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Effective date of registration: 20211207 Address after: 528400 No. 23 Tongji Road, Nantou Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province (the first and second tier 1 of the first phase of Acer industrial city) Patentee after: GUANGDONG HANBANG3D TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 528400, six floor A area, No. 8 factory building, Torch Road Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong. Patentee before: GUANGDONG HANBANG3D TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Liu Jianye |
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