CN106534873A - Distributed video coding key frame loss error protection scheme based on wavelet domain - Google Patents
Distributed video coding key frame loss error protection scheme based on wavelet domain Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
- H04N19/89—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
- H04N19/37—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability with arrangements for assigning different transmission priorities to video input data or to video coded data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
- H04N19/395—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability involving distributed video coding [DVC], e.g. Wyner-Ziv video coding or Slepian-Wolf video coding
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Abstract
The invention provides a key frame quality gradable protection scheme based on the wavelet domain. The virtual noise model of an error key frame is improved. By simultaneously performing conventional intra-frame video coding and Wyner-Ziv coding based on the wavelet domain on the key frame at a coding end, the error key frame subjected to error concealment is used as a base layer. A verification information code stream generated by Wyner-Ziv coding is used as an enhanced layer. Further, in order to enable the code rate of the system to adapt to different network conditions, the low-frequency band and the high-frequency band of different layers of an image subjected to wavelet decomposition are combined into different enhanced layers, and the data of different layers are transmitted according to different channel environments. An experimental result shows that, in the case of error codes, the scheme can not only improve the robustness of the key frames, but also improve the rate distortion performance of the video at different levels for different channel environments and requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fault-tolerant transmission problem of distributed video coding in field of picture communication, more particularly, to a kind of base
The crucial LOF error protection problem in the distributed video coding system of wavelet field.
Background technology
With video information becoming increasingly popular in life, video communication technology achieved significant progress in the last few years.
Under dynamic image expert group (MPEG) cooperation of ITU-T video experts groups (VCEG) and ISO, video encoding standard of new generation
H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) arises at the historic moment.Although HEVC can obtain good rate distortion
Performance, but its coding side makes which encounter larger bottleneck in some emerging video traffic fields the characteristics of excessively complicated,
Such as large-scale wireless multimedia equipment, cell phone terminal etc..Distributed video coding (Distributed Video
Coding, DVC) appearance, provide a kind of effective resolving ideas for this application scenario.
As radio network information channel situation is unstable, the transmission of video is highly susceptible to the dry of various external environment factors
Disturb, cause video data loss to be damaged, have a strong impact on the reconstruction quality of video.For these problems, Chinese scholars are carried out
Substantial amounts of research and improvement, wherein relatively more representational in the error concealment algorithm based on time-domain and spatial domain be：Two-wire
Property interpolation algorithm (BI-linear Interpolation, BI) and external boundary matching algorithm (Outer Boundary
Matching Algorithm, OBMA) etc..Dissanayake combines Wyner-Ziv theories to realize the anti-mistake for H.264 encoding
Code transmission.Gao proposes a kind of algorithm based on merged block to carry out error concealing to losing data block.On the other hand, for
The diversity of the isomerism and device end of network, scalable video (Scalable Video Coding, SVC) basis
The change of the network bandwidth selectively transmission code stream so as to being well adapted for the transmission characteristic of Internet video.Fan is combined
Compressive sensing theory proposes gradable DVC structures, and Ouatet is to the hierarchy based on DVC and traditional scalable video
Robustness and distortion performance of the coding under different channels environment are analyzed and have been compared.
However, from the point of view of read up the literature, seldom having to there are error code feelings based on the key frame in distributed video coding
Gradable protection scheme is proposed under condition, in fact, can key frame be correctly decoded transmission not only affects the reconstruct matter of itself
Amount, while also playing very crucial effect to the performance of whole system.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to improve the robustness of key frame in distributed video coding, and the present invention utilizes wavelet transformation figure
The characteristic of picture, proposes a kind of gradable protection scheme based on wavelet field key frame, and under heterogeneous network environment, key frame occurs
When error code is lost, the coding efficiency of system can be effectively improved.
The present invention basic thought be by coding side to key frame and meanwhile carry out traditional HEVC intraframe codings with
Wyner-Ziv is encoded, using the error code key frame after error concealment as Primary layer, by the image after wavelet decomposition each
The low-frequency band and high frequency band of different layers is combined into different enhancement layers, according to different channel circumstances, transmits the data of different layers,
The purpose of gradable protection key frame in quality is reached with this.
It is different with high-frequency information importance in view of low-frequency information, proposed classification side is illustrated with three layers of wavelet decomposition
Case, in order to describe conveniently, for error code causes the key frame of loss of data, will carry out error concealing (Error
Concealment, EC) after the key frame that obtains as Primary layer (Base Layer, BL) and side information, and carry out and coding side
Identical wavelet transformation.First enhancement layer (Enhanced Layer, EL1) is included to the key frame after error concealment
LL3、HH3、HH2And HH1This four frequency bands carry out error correction decoding, remaining each frequency band directly with the corresponding part of side information come
It is filled；Second enhancement layer (EL2) is, on the basis of first enhancement layer, to increased to LH3、LH2、LH1These three frequencies
The error correction decoding of band, remaining frequency band are same directly with the corresponding part of side information being filled；3rd enhancement layer (EL3)
Then include carrying out error correction decoding to all of frequency band.
Simultaneously the virtual noise model under key frame error condition is also carried out improving, has been compiled in traditional distributed video
In code, as decoding end cannot accurately obtain raw information, therefore general way is by its forward reference frame and side information
To set up virtual noise model.But occur the situation of error code for key frame, if channel width is limited, transmit all enhancings
It is then unrealistic that the check information of layer carrys out error correction decoding.But frame of video quality is rebuild after hop enhancement layer with primitive frame still
There is different, can be with reality if which is estimated come the virtual noise model for carrying out next frame directly as forward reference frame
Noise model difference is larger, has a strong impact on the performance of system.Due to the phase of virtual noise distribution between each frequency band of same layer
Like property, therefore, can be using first enhancement layer during the virtual noise model of second and the 3rd enhancement layer each frequency band
Decoded reconstruction frames out and its corresponding side information acquisition.
The present invention is directed to robust transmission problem of the key frame in heterogeneous network, proposes a kind of key based on wavelet field
Frame quality scalability protection scheme, while being improved to the virtual noise model in traditional distributed video coding.Separately
On the one hand, in order that the code check of system adapts to different network conditions, using the characteristic of wavelet decomposition, by different low-frequency bands and
High frequency band is combined into different enhancement layers, under different channel circumstances, the extra verification data of the different enhancement layers of transmission, with this
Reach the purpose of gradable protection key frame.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the classification anti-error code method block diagram based on wavelet field key frame；
Fig. 2 is the band stepped scheme of wavelet field；
Fig. 3-a～Fig. 3-c are the inventive method under the different bit error rates, by transmitting different enhancement layer rear video weights
Building image and scheme reconstruction video image average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value contrast being hidden with additional error, wherein Fig. 3-a are
Foreman sequence PSNR correlation curves, Fig. 3-b are bus sequence PSNR correlation curves, and Fig. 3-c are coastguard sequences PSNR
Correlation curve.
Fig. 4-a～Fig. 4-c are the rate distortions that packet loss reconstructs backsight frequency sequences when being 5% by transmitting different enhancement layers
The rate distortion curve of curve, wherein Fig. 4-a for foreman sequences, rate distortion curves of Fig. 4-b for bus sequences, Fig. 4-c are
The rate distortion curve of coastguard sequences.
Fig. 5-a～Fig. 5-d are the subjective matter under error condition by the different enhancement layer rear video reconstruction images of transmission
Amount contrast.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, it is necessary to, it is noted that following
Embodiment is served only for that the present invention is described further, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, art
Personnel be skillful at according to foregoing invention content, some nonessential modifications and adaptations made to the present invention and is embodied as,
Protection scope of the present invention should be still fallen within.
In Fig. 1, based on the gradable guard method of wavelet field key frame, comprise the following steps；
(1) in coding side, traditional HEVC intraframe codings are carried out simultaneously to key frame and the Wyner-Ziv based on wavelet field
HEVC code streams are sent into channel by coding, and the checking information that Wyner-Ziv is produced then is stored in the buffer.
(2) in decoding end, first determine whether whether the HEVC code streams for receiving packet loss occur, if without packet loss, directly decoding
Rebuild, delete the Wyner-Ziv code streams in buffering area, if there is packet loss, initially with error concealment technology to video codes
Stream decoding and rebuilding, then according to feedback channel translator unit Wyner-Ziv code streams, using the image after error concealment as side
Information, completes the reconstruction of error code key frame using extra checking information.
Specifically, in the step (1), Wyner-Ziv codings use three layers of wavelet transformation based on 9/7, by three
The different low-and high-frequency subbands obtained after layer wavelet decomposition are combined into different enhancement layers, as a result as shown in Figure 2.
In the step (2), in the case where error code occurs in key frame, on the basis of Primary layer prioritised transmission, according to
The characteristic of wireless network environment, can selectively hop enhancement layer protecting the key frame of error code.In channel condition not
In the case of being good, a check information of transmission enhancement layer EL1 can be selected to be protected, if channel condition is changed
Check information that is kind then can increasing transmission enhancement layer EL2, certainly, if conditions permit, can transmit all enhancement layers
Check information.
In the present invention, the error concealment method for adopting for the key frame of error code is for typical bilinear interpolation algorithm.
In the present invention, it is as follows for the improved concrete grammar of estimation of the virtual noise of decoding end error code key frame：
A () is in the Wyner-Ziv video coding systems that Girod is proposed, it is believed that the phase between side information Y and primitive frame X
Close the approximate obedience laplacian distribution of noise probability distribution：
Wherein α is Laplacian parameter, and d is residual error between primitive frame and its side information, i.e. d=X-Y.Laplce point
Cloth parameter alpha can be calculated by the variances sigma between X, Y and be obtained：
B () is for four frequency band LL of first enhancement layer EL1 of wavelet decomposition rear video frame3、HH3、HH2And HH1, point
Ji Suan not forward reference frame each frequency band XrefResidual error d between frequency band corresponding with side information YEL1And variances sigmaEL1：
dEL1=Xref-Y (3)
Then the virtual noise that four frequency bands in enhancement layer EL1 can be obtained respectively according to formula (1) and (2) is estimated.It is logical
Cross transmission enhancement layer EL1 come error correction decoding rebuild after frequency band represented with X'.Under for error condition, due to same layer each
The similitude of virtual noise distribution between frequency band, therefore the void of second enhancement layer EL2 and the 3rd enhancement layer EL3 each frequency band
Intend the X' and corresponding side information Y acquisition that noise model can pass through first enhancement layer EL1, new residual distribution can be with public affairs
Formula (5) and (6) represent, can more be met actual noise then in conjunction with formula (1) and (2) and be estimated.
d'EL1=X'-Y (5)
In order to prove the validity of the inventive method, we have carried out experimental verification to which, and with traditional error concealing
Algorithm is comparison other, and its result is as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Wherein, Fig. 3 gives and takes 26 when HEVC coded quantization parameters,
When Wyner-Ziv coded quantization step-lengths take 12, under different packet loss under (Packet Loss Rate, PLR), three video sequences
Row transmit the average PSNR values contrast of different enhancement layer rear video Image Reconstructions by decoding and error.Fig. 4 sets forth three
Video sequence is when random loss rate is 5% by the distortion performance curve of the different enhancement layer rear video reconstructed images of transmission.
Fig. 5 gives the 16th frame of foreman sequences and is transmitting different enhancement layer rear video Image Reconstruction subjective quality contrast situations.Than
Compared with detailed process it is as follows：
(1) encoding and decoding are carried out to video sequence, common cycle tests in video sequence selection distributed video coding, he
Title, resolution ratio and frame per second be respectively：Foreman (352 × 288,15 frames/second), bus (352 × 288,15 frames/second),
Coastguard (352 × 288,15 frames/second).Quantization step (QP) value adopted during key frame HEVC intraframe codings is taken respectively
22nd, 24,26,28, corresponding key frame Wyner-Ziv coded quantizations step-length takes 7,9,12,15 respectively.
(2) protection scheme and traditional error concealment algorithm of error code key frame will be compared under the present invention, to which
Two kinds of video coding performances：Under different packet loss error code key frame rebuild Y-PSNR (PSNR) and bit rate variation amount,
Under fixed packet loss, error code key frame rebuilds Y-PSNR (PSNR) and bit rate, error code key frame reconstruct subjective quality (its
Middle PSNR embodies the objective quality of video), compare the following two indices evaluation of the gap of performance：
Δ PSNR=PSNRWZ-PSNREC
Δ Rate=RateWZ-RateEC
Wherein, subjective quality is with eye-observation as main evaluation criterion, PSNRWZRepresent video reconstruction figure under inventive algorithm
The Y-PSNR (PSNR) of picture, PSNRECThe PSNR values of video reconstruction image, Δ PSNR under the traditional error concealment algorithm of expression
Represent that the inventive method is compared to the Y-PSNR changing value of traditional error concealment algorithm, Δ Rate represents present invention side
Method is compared to the code check changing value of traditional error concealment algorithm.
(3) video sequence being input under different packet loss rate respectively, and encoding and decoding are carried out to which.
(4) program exports the video sequence after video decoding and rebuilding and respective bit rate, PSNR values respectively, wherein this
If error code occurs in the lower key frame of invention, code check is then equal to traditional HEVC intraframe codings code check and extra Wyner-Ziv code checks
Sum.As shown in table 1-3, table 1 shows when random loss rate is 5% specific result, under different quantization steps, passes through
The average PSNR value changes situation of video image is rebuild after the different enhancement layers of transmission；Table 2 then shows that in random loss rate be 5%
When, under different quantization steps, the average bit rate value changes situation of the different enhancement layer rear video reconstruction images of transmission；Table 3 shows
When it is 12 that HEVC intraframe codings quantization step is 26, Wyner-Ziv quantization steps, packet loss is 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%
When, inventive algorithm is compared to the situation of change that additional error covers the average PSNR of scheme Audio reconstruction image and code check, can
To find out, with the gradually increase of packet loss, the PSNR downward trends for rebuilding rear video image based on error concealment algorithm are more next
It is more obvious, even if but in packet loss very up to in the case of 20%, the present invention is suggested plans can also be to varying degrees
The PSNR values of reconstruction image under error condition are lifted well.On the whole as can be seen that the inventive method exists for key frame
Under the different bit error rates, by the Wyner-ziv code streams for transmitting different enhancement layers, reconstruction video can be lifted to varying degrees
Quality, can be good at adapt to different network environments requirement.
Each video sequence PSNR variable quantities when 1 packet loss of table is 5%
Each video sequence bit rate variation amount when 2 packet loss of table is 5%
PSNR and bit rate knots modification under 3 different packet loss rate of table
Claims (4)
1. a kind of distributed video coding key frame error protection method based on wavelet field, its feature are comprised the following steps：
(1) traditional HEVC intraframe codings and Wyner-Ziv codings, wherein Wyner- are carried out to key frame simultaneously in coding side
The low-frequency band obtained after decomposition and high frequency band are combined into different enhancement layers, phase using three layers of wavelet decomposition scheme by Ziv codings
The check information code stream answered is stored in the buffer.
(2) in decoding end, first determine whether whether key frame error code occurs, if there is not packet lost by corruption situation, abandon coding side
Checking information in buffering area, directly presses the reconstruction of HEVC intraframe decoders, if there is error code, first error code key frame is entered
Row error concealment, and decoding and rebuilding is carried out to which, then using the video image after reconstruction as current key frame to be decoded side
Information, carries out error correction weight to the key frame of error code finally by feedback channel request coding side translator unit Wyner-Ziv code streams
Build, wherein during error correction decoding, different enhancement datas can be transmitted according to the condition of channel, decode first
After enhancement layer, the estimation of the virtual noise model of second enhancement layer and the 3rd enhancement layer each frequency band can be according to first
Frequency band after enhancement layer decoder is rebuild is obtained with its corresponding side information.
2. the distributed video coding key frame error protection research method based on wavelet field as claimed in claim 1, which is special
Levy is realizing the purpose of gradable transmission using the characteristic of wavelet decomposition.
3. the distributed video coding key frame error protection research method based on wavelet field as claimed in claim 1, which is special
Levy is to be improved for the virtual noise model of error code key frame.
4. it is a kind of to require to regard based on the anti-error code of distributed video coding key frame of wavelet field described in one of 1-3 for perform claim
Frequency codec.
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