CN106533152A - Device and method for improving PF of Boost three-level converter - Google Patents
Device and method for improving PF of Boost three-level converter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output using passive filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2173—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置及方法。该装置包括Boost三电平变换器的主功率电路、数字处理控制器、信号调理电路、驱动电路、辅助供电电路和采样调理电路；该方法通过采样二极管整流电路输出的整流电压和变换器的输出电压，经过信号调理后输出给数字处理控制器的ADC模块，ADC模块完成模数转换后将数字信号送至提高功率因数的控制算法中，完成控制运算后得到的变换器的占空比经数字处理控制器的PWM模块输出。本发明能够降低功率开关管的电压应力，减小电感的体积，减小变换器的损耗，提高变换器的效率，采用数字处理控制器进行数字控制运算，使变换器的占空比在半个工频周期内按照正弦规律变化，将功率因数PF提高至1。
The invention discloses a device and a method for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter. The device includes a main power circuit of a Boost three-level converter, a digital processing controller, a signal conditioning circuit, a drive circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit, and a sampling conditioning circuit; the method uses the rectified voltage output by the sampling diode rectifier circuit and the output of the converter The voltage is output to the ADC module of the digital processing controller after signal conditioning. After the ADC module completes the analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal is sent to the control algorithm for improving the power factor. After the control operation is completed, the duty cycle of the converter is obtained by digital Handles the output of the PWM module of the controller. The invention can reduce the voltage stress of the power switch tube, reduce the volume of the inductance, reduce the loss of the converter, improve the efficiency of the converter, and use a digital processing controller to perform digital control operations, so that the duty cycle of the converter is within half The power frequency cycle changes according to the sinusoidal law, and the power factor PF is increased to 1.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电能变换装置中的交流-直流变换领域，特别是一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置及方法。The invention belongs to the field of AC-DC conversion in electric energy conversion devices, in particular to a device and method for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter.
背景技术Background technique
随着电力电子技术的发展，对电能变换装置中输入电流谐波和输入功率因数(Power Factor,PF)要求越来越高，功率因数校正(Power Factor Correction，PFC)变换器得到了广泛应用。PFC技术主要分为无源PFC技术和有源PFC技术，其中有源PFC技术采用工作在高频的电力电子变换电路，具有体积小、重量轻、输入功率因数高和效率高等优点。Boost电路因其输入电流连续，拓扑结构简单，效率高等特点，是有源PFC技术中研究和应用最广泛的拓扑结构。但因Boost电路的升压特性，在高输入电压的情况下，对应的高输出电压会使电路中的储能电容电压过高，进而使功率开关管承受很高的电压应力。这样，一方面增加了器件的开关损耗和通态损耗，另一方面，功率开关管电压应力过高给器件选型带来了困难。Boost三电平变换器可以将开关管的电压应力减小为两电平Boost的50％，同时降低了输出电压的谐波含量，在高压、大功率的场合中应用更为广泛。With the development of power electronics technology, the requirements for input current harmonics and input power factor (Power Factor, PF) in power conversion devices are getting higher and higher, and power factor correction (Power Factor Correction, PFC) converters have been widely used. PFC technology is mainly divided into passive PFC technology and active PFC technology. Among them, active PFC technology adopts power electronic conversion circuit working at high frequency, which has the advantages of small size, light weight, high input power factor and high efficiency. Because of its continuous input current, simple topology, and high efficiency, the Boost circuit is the most widely studied and applied topology in active PFC technology. However, due to the boost characteristic of the Boost circuit, in the case of high input voltage, the corresponding high output voltage will cause the voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the circuit to be too high, thereby causing the power switch tube to withstand high voltage stress. In this way, on the one hand, the switching loss and on-state loss of the device are increased, and on the other hand, the high voltage stress of the power switch tube brings difficulties to the selection of the device. The Boost three-level converter can reduce the voltage stress of the switching tube to 50% of that of the two-level Boost, and at the same time reduce the harmonic content of the output voltage, and is more widely used in high-voltage and high-power occasions.
PFC变换器的控制方法可分为模拟控制和数字控制。经过多年的研究与发展，模拟控制技术已经非常成熟，由于控制方法的简单性和低实现成本，在电源领域包括功率因数校正电路中，占了主导性市场份额。但模拟控制的局限性越来越不能够满足当今更高的能源标准要求，目前PFC变换器的控制方法存在以下问题：功率开关管的电压应力高，。电感的体积大且变换器的损耗严重，导致变换器的效率即功率因数降低。The control method of PFC converter can be divided into analog control and digital control. After years of research and development, analog control technology has become very mature. Due to the simplicity of the control method and low implementation cost, it has occupied a dominant market share in the power supply field, including power factor correction circuits. However, the limitations of analog control are increasingly unable to meet the requirements of today's higher energy standards. The current control method of the PFC converter has the following problems: the voltage stress of the power switch tube is high. The volume of the inductor is large and the loss of the converter is serious, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the converter, that is, the power factor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置和方法，能够降低功率开关管的电压应力，减小电感的体积，减小变换器的损耗，提高变换器的效率，采用数字处理控制器进行数字控制运算，使变换器的占空比在半个工频周期内按照正弦规律变化，将PF提高至1。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter, which can reduce the voltage stress of the power switch tube, reduce the volume of the inductor, reduce the loss of the converter, and improve the efficiency of the converter. The digital processing controller performs digital control operation, so that the duty cycle of the converter changes according to the sinusoidal law within half the power frequency cycle, and the PF is increased to 1.
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置，包括主功率电路、数字处理控制器、信号调理电路、驱动电路、辅助供电电路和采样调理电路；The technical solution for realizing the object of the present invention is: a device for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter, including a main power circuit, a digital processing controller, a signal conditioning circuit, a drive circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit and a sampling conditioning circuit;
所述主功率电路包括：输入电压源vin，EMI滤波器，二极管整流电路RB，Boost电感Lb，功率开关管Q1和Q2，二极管D1和D2，储能电容C1和C2，负载RL；输入电压源vin与EMI滤波器的输入端口连接，EMI滤波器的输出端口与二极管整流电路RB的输入端口连接，二极管整流电路RB的负输出端为参考零电位点，二极管整流电路RB的正输出端与Boost电感Lb的一端连接，Boost电感Lb的另一端分别与第一功率开关管Q1的漏极和第一二极管D1的阳极连接，第一二极管D1的阴极分别与第一储能电容C1的阳极和负载RL的一端连接，第一储能电容C1的阴极分别与第一功率开关管Q1的源极、第二功率开关管Q2的漏极和第二储能电容C2的阳极连接，第二储能电容C2的阴极分别与第二二极管D2的阳极和负载RL的另一端连接，第二二极管D2的阴极分别与第二开关管Q2的源极和二极管整流电路RB的负输出端连接，主功率电路中二极管整流电路RB两端的电压为整流电压Vg、负载RL两端的电压为输出电压Vo；The main power circuit includes: input voltage source v in , EMI filter, diode rectifier circuit RB, Boost inductor L b , power switch tubes Q1 and Q2, diodes D1 and D2, energy storage capacitors C1 and C2, load R L ; The input voltage source v in is connected to the input port of the EMI filter, the output port of the EMI filter is connected to the input port of the diode rectification circuit RB, the negative output terminal of the diode rectification circuit RB is the reference zero potential point, and the positive terminal of the diode rectification circuit RB The output end is connected to one end of the Boost inductor L b , the other end of the Boost inductor L b is respectively connected to the drain of the first power switch tube Q1 and the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 respectively. The anode of the first energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the load RL , and the cathode of the first energy storage capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the source of the first power switching transistor Q1, the drain of the second power switching transistor Q2, and the second energy storage The anode of the capacitor C2 is connected, the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C2 is respectively connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the other end of the load RL , and the cathode of the second diode D2 is respectively connected to the source of the second switching tube Q2 The pole is connected to the negative output terminal of the diode rectifier circuit RB, the voltage across the diode rectifier circuit RB in the main power circuit is the rectified voltage V g , and the voltage across the load RL is the output voltage V o ;
所述数字处理控制器包括：ADC模块、控制算法和PWM模块，整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo经过采样调理电路后接入数字处理控制器的ADC模块，ADC模块的输出送至数字处理控制器的控制算法，控制算法的结果通过PWM模块输出至信号调理电路；The digital processing controller includes: an ADC module, a control algorithm and a PWM module, the rectified voltage V g and the output voltage V o are connected to the ADC module of the digital processing controller after the sampling conditioning circuit, and the output of the ADC module is sent to the digital processing control The control algorithm of the device, the result of the control algorithm is output to the signal conditioning circuit through the PWM module;
所述信号调理电路将数字处理控制器输入的PWM信号进行调理放大，信号调理电路的输出端与驱动电路的输入端连接；The signal conditioning circuit adjusts and amplifies the PWM signal input by the digital processing controller, and the output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the input terminal of the drive circuit;
所述驱动电路输出的控制信号分别与主功率电路的第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2的栅极相连接；The control signals output by the drive circuit are respectively connected to the gates of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 of the main power circuit;
辅助供电电路的输出分别接入数字处理控制器、信号调理电路、驱动电路和采样调理电路，辅助供电电路的作用是给上述各电路中芯片工作提供电能；The output of the auxiliary power supply circuit is respectively connected to the digital processing controller, the signal conditioning circuit, the driving circuit and the sampling conditioning circuit, and the function of the auxiliary power supply circuit is to provide power for the operation of the chips in the above circuits;
所述采样调理电路的两个输入端分别与主功率电路中二极管整流电路RB的正输出端和与第一储能电容C1阳极相连的负载RL的一端相连接，采样的整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo经过调理后与数字处理控制器的ADC模块输入端相连。The two input terminals of the sampling conditioning circuit are respectively connected to the positive output terminal of the diode rectifier circuit RB in the main power circuit and one end of the load RL connected to the anode of the first energy storage capacitor C1, and the sampled rectified voltage V g and The output voltage V o is conditioned and connected to the input end of the ADC module of the digital processing controller.
一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for improving Boost three-level converter PF, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，采样调理电路采集主功率电路的整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo，经过电压调理后得到满足要求的输入电压范围后，送入数字处理控制器的ADC模块；Step 1, the sampling and conditioning circuit collects the rectified voltage V g and the output voltage V o of the main power circuit, and after voltage conditioning, the input voltage range that meets the requirements is obtained, and then sent to the ADC module of the digital processing controller;
步骤2，数字处理控制器的ADC模块将电压模拟信号转换为数字信号后，送至数字处理控制器的提高功率因数的控制算法中；Step 2, after the ADC module of the digital processing controller converts the voltage analog signal into a digital signal, it is sent to the control algorithm for improving the power factor of the digital processing controller;
步骤3，在数字处理控制器的提高功率因数的控制算法模块中进行变换器的占空比控制运算，使变换器的占空比在半个工频周期内按照正弦规律变化；Step 3, performing the duty cycle control operation of the converter in the control algorithm module for improving the power factor of the digital processing controller, so that the duty cycle of the converter changes according to the sinusoidal law within half a power frequency cycle;
步骤4，经控制运算得到的占空比控制信号经字处理控制器的PWM模块输出，PWM信号通过信号调理电路和驱动电路后，驱动主功率电路中的两个功率开关管。Step 4, the duty cycle control signal obtained through the control operation is output through the PWM module of the word processing controller, and the PWM signal drives two power switch tubes in the main power circuit after passing through the signal conditioning circuit and the driving circuit.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：(1)能够降低功率开关管的电压应力；(2)开关频率为电流纹波频率的1/2，可进一步减小电感的体积；(3)电压应力和频率的降低使变换器的损耗降低，提高了变换器的效率；(4)数字处理控制器可以更快速的实现高密度计算控制算法，将功率因数提高至1。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) it can reduce the voltage stress of the power switch tube; (2) the switching frequency is 1/2 of the current ripple frequency, which can further reduce the volume of the inductor; ( 3) The reduction of voltage stress and frequency reduces the loss of the converter and improves the efficiency of the converter; (4) the digital processing controller can realize the high-density calculation control algorithm more quickly and increase the power factor to 1.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是Boost三电平PFC变换器的主电路图。Fig. 1 is the main circuit diagram of Boost three-level PFC converter.
图2是DCM模式下Boost电感在一个开关周期内的电流波形图。Fig. 2 is a current waveform diagram of a Boost inductor in a switching cycle in DCM mode.
图3是定占空比控制下的PF值曲线图。Fig. 3 is a graph of PF value under constant duty cycle control.
图4是变占空比表达式的波形图。Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of the variable duty ratio expression.
图5是DCM模式下Boost三电平PFC变换器及其控制电路示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a Boost three-level PFC converter and its control circuit in DCM mode.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作出进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明设计了一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置及方法。The invention designs a device and method for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter.
1.DCM模式下Boost三电平PFC变换器的理论推导：1. Theoretical derivation of Boost three-level PFC converter in DCM mode:
为方便分析，先作如下：1.所有器件均为理想元件；2.输出电压纹波与其直流量相比很小；3.开关频率远高于输入电压频率。For the convenience of analysis, first make the following: 1. All devices are ideal components; 2. The output voltage ripple is very small compared with its DC value; 3. The switching frequency is much higher than the input voltage frequency.
图1为Boost三电平PFC变换器的主电路图，在一个开关周期内，Boost三电平PFC变换器的两个开关管交替导通，图2给出了变换器工作在电感电流断续(DCM)模式时，一个开关周期中电感的电压和电流波形。由图可以看出，开关频率为电流纹波频率的1/2，电感电流可以在半个开关周期内进行分析，这种用低频来控制高频的特性不但可以使电感的体积进一步的减小，而且开关的损耗也得到了减小。当两个功率开关管Q1和Q2同时导通时，电感Lb两端的电压为vg，电感电流iLb从零开始以vg/Lb的斜率线性上升，能量储存于电感中，储能电容C1和C2共同为负载RL提供能量；当开关管Q1导通Q2关断时，二极管D1承受反向电压关断，二极管D2导通，电感Lb两端的电压为vg-VC1，电感电流线性下降要求vg<VC1，当两个储能电容容值相等即VC1＝VC2＝Vo/2，电感Lb两端的电压为vg-Vo/2，电感电流iLb以(vg-Vo/2)/Lb的斜率线性下降，此时储能电容C2充电，C1放电。在半个开关周期结束前，电感电流iLb降为0，储能电容C1和C2共同为负载RL提供能量。后半个开关周期的分析与上述分析类似。Figure 1 is the main circuit diagram of the Boost three-level PFC converter. In one switching cycle, the two switching tubes of the Boost three-level PFC converter are turned on alternately. Figure 2 shows that the converter works when the inductor current is intermittent ( DCM) mode, the voltage and current waveforms of the inductor during a switching cycle. It can be seen from the figure that the switching frequency is 1/2 of the current ripple frequency, and the inductor current can be analyzed within half a switching cycle. This feature of using low frequency to control high frequency can not only further reduce the size of the inductor , and the switching loss is also reduced. When the two power switches Q1 and Q2 are turned on at the same time, the voltage across the inductor L b is v g , the inductor current i Lb rises linearly from zero with a slope of v g /L b , and the energy is stored in the inductor. Capacitors C1 and C2 together provide energy for the load RL ; when the switch tube Q1 is turned on and Q2 is turned off, the diode D1 is turned off under the reverse voltage, the diode D2 is turned on, and the voltage across the inductor L b is v g -V C1 , The linear decrease of the inductor current requires v g < V C1 . When the capacitance values of the two energy storage capacitors are equal, that is, V C1 ＝V C2 ＝V o /2, the voltage across the inductor L b is v g -V o /2, and the inductor current i Lb decreases linearly with the slope of (v g -V o /2)/L b . At this time, the energy storage capacitor C2 is charged and C1 is discharged. Before half a switching period ends, the inductor current i Lb drops to 0, and the energy storage capacitors C1 and C2 jointly provide energy for the load RL . The analysis of the second half of the switching cycle is similar to the above analysis.
定义输入交流电压vin(t)为：Define the input AC voltage v in (t) as:
vin(t)＝Vmsin(ωt) (1)v in (t) = V m sin (ωt) (1)
其中Vm是输入交流电压的幅值，ω是输入交流电压的角频率。Where V m is the amplitude of the input AC voltage, and ω is the angular frequency of the input AC voltage.
那么，输入电压vin(t)经二极管整流电路RB整流后得到的整流电压vg为：Then, the rectified voltage v g obtained after the input voltage v in (t) is rectified by the diode rectifier circuit RB is:
vg＝Vm|sin(ωt)| (2)v g ＝V m |sin(ωt)| (2)
在一个开关周期内，电感电流的峰值为：During one switching cycle, the peak value of the inductor current is:
其中两个开关管Q1、Q2的占空比相同均为D，Ts为开关周期。The duty cycles of the two switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are both D, and T s is the switching period.
在每个开关周期内，电感Lb两端的伏秒面积相等，即：During each switching cycle, the volt-second area across the inductor Lb is equal, that is:
其中储能电容电压为Dr为电感电流降为零所对应的占空比。The storage capacitor voltage is D r is the duty cycle corresponding to the inductor current falling to zero.
由式(2)和式(4)得到：From formula (2) and formula (4) get:
由式(3)和式(5)可得，一个开关周期内电感电流iLb的平均值iLb_av为：From formula (3) and formula (5), it can be obtained that the average value i Lb_av of the inductor current i Lb in one switching cycle is:
其中fs为开关频率。Where f s is the switching frequency.
那么输入电流为：Then the input current is:
工频周期内平均输入功率Pin为：The average input power P in in the power frequency cycle is:
其中Tline为输入交流电压周期。Where T line is the input AC voltage cycle.
假设变换器效率为100％，那么输入功率等于输出功率，即Pin＝Po，由式(9)可得占空比D为：Assuming that the efficiency of the converter is 100%, then the input power is equal to the output power, that is, P in = P o , and the duty cycle D can be obtained from formula (9):
由式(7)和式(9)可以求得PF值得表达式：From formula (7) and formula (9), the expression of PF value can be obtained:
根据式(12)可做出定占空比控制下的PF值曲线，如图3所示。从图中可以看出，当输出电压Vo一定时，Vm越大，对应的PF值越小，而Boost三电平PFC变换器对比传统两电平变换器，在功率器件额定值不变的情况下输出电压可以提高至两倍，因此可以通过提高输出电压的电压等级来提高PF值，但PF值仍受输入电压幅值与输出电压比值变化的影响。因此，需要提出新的方法来提高PF值。According to formula (12), the PF value curve under constant duty ratio control can be made, as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from the figure that when the output voltage V o is constant, the larger the V m is, the smaller the corresponding PF value is, and the boost three-level PFC converter compares with the traditional two-level converter, and the rated value of the power device remains unchanged The output voltage can be doubled under the condition of the output voltage, so the PF value can be increased by increasing the voltage level of the output voltage, but the PF value is still affected by the ratio of the input voltage amplitude to the output voltage impact of change. Therefore, new methods need to be proposed to improve the PF value.
2.提高PF值的变占空比控制方法的推导与实现：2. Derivation and realization of variable duty ratio control method to improve PF value:
观察(7)式，如果取占空比Observe (7), if the duty cycle is taken
则输入电流变化为：Then the input current changes as:
如果在一个工频周期内，占空比按照式(13)变化，当Do由取常数时，输入电流式(14)为正弦波，并且与输入电压同相位，就是使PF＝1。If within a power frequency cycle, the duty cycle changes according to formula (13), when D o is taken as a constant, the input current formula (14) is a sine wave and has the same phase as the input voltage, that is, PF=1.
由式(1)和式(14)，可推导出变换器的平均输入功率Pin为：From formula (1) and formula (14), the average input power P in of the converter can be deduced as:
由上式可得：It can be obtained from the above formula:
将式(16)带入式(13)，可得：Put formula (16) into formula (13), we can get:
由式(17)可以看出，所得变占空比Dy在工频周期内按照正弦规律变化，是关于输入电压vin(t)的函数，所以可以使输入电流与输入电压同相位，PF值达到1。变占空比表达式的波形图如图4所示。It can be seen from formula (17) that the obtained variable duty cycle D y changes according to the sinusoidal law in the power frequency cycle, which is a function of the input voltage v in (t), so the input current and the input voltage can be in the same phase, PF value reaches 1. The waveform diagram of the variable duty cycle expression is shown in Figure 4.
3.本发明一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置及方法3. A kind of device and method for improving Boost three-level converter PF of the present invention
结合图5，提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置，包括主功率电路1、数字处理控制器2、信号调理电路3、驱动电路4、辅助供电电路5和采样调理电路6；In conjunction with Fig. 5, the device for improving the PF of the Boost three-level converter includes a main power circuit 1, a digital processing controller 2, a signal conditioning circuit 3, a driving circuit 4, an auxiliary power supply circuit 5 and a sampling conditioning circuit 6;
所述主功率电路1包括：输入电压源vin，EMI滤波器，二极管整流电路RB，Boost电感Lb，功率开关管Q1和Q2，二极管D1和D2，储能电容C1和C2，负载RL；输入电压源vin与EMI滤波器的输入端口连接，EMI滤波器的输出端口与二极管整流电路RB的输入端口连接，二极管整流电路RB的负输出端为参考零电位点，二极管整流电路RB的正输出端与Boost电感Lb的一端连接，Boost电感Lb的另一端分别与第一功率开关管Q1的漏极和第一二极管D1的阳极连接，第一二极管D1的阴极分别与第一储能电容C1的阳极和负载RL的一端连接，第一储能电容C1的阴极分别与第一功率开关管Q1的源极、第二功率开关管Q2的漏极和第二储能电容C2的阳极连接，第二储能电容C2的阴极分别与第二二极管D2的阳极和负载RL的另一端连接，第二二极管D2的阴极分别与第二开关管Q2的源极和二极管整流电路RB的负输出端连接，主功率电路1中二极管整流电路RB两端的电压为整流电压Vg，负载RL两端的电压为输出电压Vo；The main power circuit 1 includes: input voltage source v in , EMI filter, diode rectifier circuit RB, Boost inductor L b , power switch tubes Q1 and Q2, diodes D1 and D2, energy storage capacitors C1 and C2, load R L ; The input voltage source v in is connected to the input port of the EMI filter, the output port of the EMI filter is connected to the input port of the diode rectification circuit RB, the negative output terminal of the diode rectification circuit RB is the reference zero potential point, and the diode rectification circuit RB The positive output terminal is connected to one end of the Boost inductor L b , the other end of the Boost inductor L b is respectively connected to the drain of the first power switch tube Q1 and the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathodes of the first diode D1 are respectively It is connected to the anode of the first energy storage capacitor C1 and one end of the load RL , and the cathode of the first energy storage capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the source of the first power switch Q1, the drain of the second power switch Q2 and the second storage The anode of the energy storage capacitor C2 is connected, the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C2 is respectively connected with the anode of the second diode D2 and the other end of the load RL , and the cathode of the second diode D2 is respectively connected with the second switch tube Q2 The source is connected to the negative output terminal of the diode rectifier circuit RB, the voltage across the diode rectifier circuit RB in the main power circuit 1 is the rectified voltage V g , and the voltage across the load RL is the output voltage V o ;
所述数字处理控制器2包括：ADC模块、控制算法和PWM模块，整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo经过采样调理电路6后接入数字处理控制器2的ADC模块，ADC模块的输出送至数字处理控制器2的控制算法，控制算法的结果通过PWM模块输出至信号调理电路(3)；The digital processing controller 2 includes: an ADC module, a control algorithm and a PWM module, the rectified voltage V g and the output voltage V o are connected to the ADC module of the digital processing controller 2 after the sampling conditioning circuit 6, and the output of the ADC module is sent to The control algorithm of the digital processing controller 2, the result of the control algorithm is output to the signal conditioning circuit (3) through the PWM module;
所述信号调理电路3将数字处理控制器2输入的PWM信号进行调理放大，信号调理电路3的输出端与驱动电路4的输入端连接；The signal conditioning circuit 3 adjusts and amplifies the PWM signal input by the digital processing controller 2, and the output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit 3 is connected to the input terminal of the drive circuit 4;
所述驱动电路4输出的控制信号分别与主功率电路1的第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2的栅极相连接；The control signal output by the drive circuit 4 is respectively connected to the gates of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 of the main power circuit 1;
所述辅助供电电路5的输出分别接入数字处理控制器2、信号调理电路3、驱动电路4和采样调理电路6，辅助供电电路5的作用是给上述各电路中芯片工作提供电能；The output of described auxiliary power supply circuit 5 is respectively connected to digital processing controller 2, signal conditioning circuit 3, drive circuit 4 and sampling conditioning circuit 6, and the effect of auxiliary power supply circuit 5 is to provide electric energy for chip work in each above-mentioned circuit;
所述采样调理电路6的两个输入端分别与主功率电路1中二极管整流电路RB的正输出端和与第一储能电容C1阳极相连的负载RL的一端相连接，采样的整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo经过调理后与数字处理控制器2的ADC模块输入端相连。The two input terminals of the sampling conditioning circuit 6 are respectively connected to the positive output terminal of the diode rectifier circuit RB in the main power circuit 1 and one end of the load RL connected to the anode of the first energy storage capacitor C1, and the sampled rectified voltage V g and the output voltage V o are conditioned and connected to the input terminal of the ADC module of the digital processing controller 2 .
优选地，所述数字处理控制器2采用DSP芯片TMS320F28335。Preferably, the digital processing controller 2 adopts a DSP chip TMS320F28335.
本发明提高Boost三电平变换器PF的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention improves the method for Boost three-level converter PF, comprises the following steps:
步骤1，采样调理电路6采集主功率电路1的整流电压Vg和输出电压Vo，经过电压调理后得到满足要求的输入电压范围后，送入数字处理控制器2的ADC模块；Step 1, the sampling and conditioning circuit 6 collects the rectified voltage V g and the output voltage V o of the main power circuit 1, and after voltage conditioning, the input voltage range that meets the requirements is obtained, and then sent to the ADC module of the digital processing controller 2;
步骤2，数字处理控制器2的ADC模块将电压模拟信号转换为数字信号后，送至数字处理控制器2的提高功率因数的控制算法中；Step 2, after the ADC module of the digital processing controller 2 converts the voltage analog signal into a digital signal, it is sent to the control algorithm for improving the power factor of the digital processing controller 2;
步骤3，在数字处理控制器2的提高功率因数的控制算法模块中进行变换器的占空比控制运算，使变换器的占空比在半个工频周期内按照正弦规律变化；Step 3, performing the duty cycle control operation of the converter in the control algorithm module for improving the power factor of the digital processing controller 2, so that the duty cycle of the converter changes according to the sinusoidal law within half a power frequency cycle;
所述数字处理控制器2的提高功率因数的控制算法采用变化规律为：的占空比控制运算，其中Vo为主功率电路1的输出电压，Po为主功率电路1的输出功率，Vm为主功率电路1的输入交流电压的峰值，ω为输入交流电压的角频率，Lb为Boost电感值，fs为开关频率。The control algorithm for improving the power factor of the digital processing controller 2 adopts the change law as follows: The duty cycle control operation of the main power circuit 1, where V o is the output voltage of the main power circuit 1, P o is the output power of the main power circuit 1, V m is the peak value of the input AC voltage of the main power circuit 1, and ω is the input AC voltage Angular frequency, L b is the Boost inductance value, f s is the switching frequency.
步骤4，经控制运算得到的占空比控制信号经数字处理控制器2的PWM模块输出，PWM信号通过信号调理电路3和驱动电路4后，驱动主功率电路1中的两个功率开关管Q1和Q2。Step 4, the duty cycle control signal obtained by the control operation is output through the PWM module of the digital processing controller 2, and the PWM signal passes through the signal conditioning circuit 3 and the driving circuit 4, and drives the two power switch tubes Q1 in the main power circuit 1 and Q2.
综上所述，本发明公开了一种提高Boost三电平变换器PF的装置及方法，能够降低功率开关管的电压应力，减小电感的体积，减小变换器的损耗，提高变换器的效率，采用数字处理控制器进行数字控制运算，使变换器的占空比在半个工频周期内按照正弦规律变化，将功率因数提高至1，具有高功率因数、高功率密度、方便实现等优点。To sum up, the present invention discloses a device and method for improving the PF of a Boost three-level converter, which can reduce the voltage stress of the power switch tube, reduce the volume of the inductor, reduce the loss of the converter, and improve the power of the converter. Efficiency, using a digital processing controller for digital control operations, so that the duty cycle of the converter changes according to the sinusoidal law within half the power frequency cycle, and the power factor is increased to 1, with high power factor, high power density, and easy implementation. advantage.
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