CN106532713A - Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) - Google Patents
Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106532713A CN106532713A CN201611214184.7A CN201611214184A CN106532713A CN 106532713 A CN106532713 A CN 106532713A CN 201611214184 A CN201611214184 A CN 201611214184A CN 106532713 A CN106532713 A CN 106532713A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- distribution network
- power
- active distribution
- transmission network
- systems
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating cooperative power flow of an active power distribution network and a power transmission network based on a system of systems (SoS). The method comprises the steps of defining an electric power system to be the SoS, and building an SoS model; modeling the power transmission network and the active power distribution network to be two independent systems in the whole system; considering the relation between a distributed power supply and a load in the active power distribution network, and determining an operating state of the active power distribution network; respectively considering power flow calculation of the active power distribution system and the power transmission network system according to different operating states of the active power distribution network; taking boundary calculation results of the two systems as initial values of each iteration thereof until the boundary results converge, and acquiring a power flow calculation result of the whole electric power system. According to the invention, the SoS model for power flow calculation of the electric power system is built, the power transmission network and the active power distribution network are modeled to be two independent systems, and voltage and power of only boundary nodes are required to be interacted, so that complex power flow calculation of the electric power system is enabled to be simplified. In addition, distributed management is easy to be performed, and a certain basis is laid for optimization of a distributed electric power system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system tide computing technique field, is related to a kind of active distribution network based on SoS and transmission of electricity
Net collaboration tidal current computing method.
Background technology
With the development of power system, power distribution network causes which because of the addition of distributed power source, energy-storage system and control device
By passively becoming for active, the concept of active distribution network is arisen at the historic moment for operation.Active distribution network has four features, and one is possess one
Fixed distributed controllable resources, two is have more perfect considerable controllable levels, and three is with the management and control for realizing coordination optimization management
Center, four be can flexible network topology structure.As the addition of active distribution network brings increasing to power system and user
Also cause transmission ＆ distribution collaboration Load flow calculation more complicated while beneficial, convergence and calculating speed are greatly affected.
Document《Drive cirruct transmission ＆ distribution net collaboration power flow algorithm research based on network partition》Based between transmission and distribution network
The characteristics of electric connecting relation and its respective network structure, proposes transmission ＆ distribution collaboration power flow algorithm.Document《Transmission ＆ distribution cooperate with power distribution network state
Gesture method for quickly sensing》The transmission ＆ distribution collaboration power distribution network Situation Awareness new method based on wide area measurement Thevenin's equivalence is proposed, significantly
Improve transmission ＆ distribution collaboration distribution power system load flow calculation speed.These are all based on the tidal current computing method of conventional electrical distribution net proposition, do not have
There is the impact for considering that active distribution network cooperates with Load flow calculation to transmission ＆ distribution, and calculate Relatively centralized, be unfavorable for Decentralization.
System of Systems (SoS) is described as task orientation or the combination of dedicated system, is one and unique is
System, its ingredient：1) its resource and ability are collected building with than the more abilities of the summation of simple fundamental system and
The more complicated system of performance, 2) can independently be performed effective function, and be worked on when being separated with whole system
To realize these purposes.Ingredient power transmission network and active distribution network in power system meets its feature, can use SoS it is general
Read and represent, current SoS not yet has the application in terms of Load flow calculation.
The content of the invention
There is the impact to transmission ＆ distribution overall situation Load flow calculation for a large amount of active distribution networks, present invention aim at proposing one
Plant the active distribution network and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method based on SoS.Can solve the problem that the transmission ＆ distribution containing active distribution network are global
Load flow calculation calculating speed and convergence problem, and it is easy to dispersion to calculate and manage.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes technical scheme below：
A kind of active distribution network and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method based on SoS, comprises the following steps：
S1：Definition power system is SoS, sets up the SoS models of power system；
S2：Two independent systems power transmission network and active distribution network being modeled as respectively in whole system；
S3：Consider distributed power source and the relation of load in active distribution network, determine the running status of active distribution network；
S4：Active distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems are considered respectively according to three kinds of different running statuses of active distribution network
Load flow calculation；
S5：Using active distribution network system and two mutual feature modeling result of electrical transmission network systems as each iteration of oneself
Initial value, until the convergence of border result, obtains the calculation of tidal current of whole power system.
The present invention is mainly studied to the electric power system tide computational methods containing active distribution network.Propose one kind to be based on
The active distribution network of SoS and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method.The SoS models of electric power system tide calculating are established, will be defeated
Electrical network and active distribution network are modeled as two independent systems respectively, only need two letters of voltage and power of interface boundary node
Breath, the Load flow calculation for making power system complicated are simplified, and due to being two autonomous systems, so being easily dispersed formula management, are dispersion
Formula electric power system optimization establishes certain basis.
Description of the drawings
A kind of active distribution network and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method flow chart of steps based on SoS of Fig. 1 present invention；
Fig. 2 is the SoS illustratons of model of power system；
Fig. 3 is electrical transmission network systems and active distribution network system model figure；
Fig. 4 is the method for operation of active distribution network and running status schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the iterative algorithm flow chart that the active distribution network based on SoS and power transmission network cooperate with tidal current computing method.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the Description of Drawings active distribution network based on SoS according to embodiments of the present invention and power transmission network collaboration trend
Computational methods.
A kind of active distribution network and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method based on SoS, comprises the following steps：
S1：Definition power system is SoS, sets up the SoS models of power system
Specifically, in power system, power transmission network and active distribution network with independent operating and can be managed independently, and only information is handed over
Mutually.Due to they be can by individually with autonomous system, the competition and cooperation relation between them can be by the concept of SoS
Represent, the SoS model schematics of power system are shown in Fig. 2.
S2：Two independent systems power transmission network and active distribution network being modeled as respectively in whole system
As power system is modeled as SoS, so power transmission network and active distribution network can be modeled as two independences respectively
Model schematic is shown in Fig. 3, and its equality constraint can be represented with formula (1)
In formula, PT、QTWithDistinguish active power, reactive power and the voltage vector on power transmission network border；PD、QDWithPoint
The active power on other active distribution network border, reactive power and voltage vector.
S3：In considering active distribution network, distributed power source is exerted oneself and the relation for loading, and determines the operation shape of active distribution network
State
Specifically, in active distribution network system by internal arithmetic determine in active distribution network distributed power source exert oneself with
The relation of load.Active distribution network can be divided into 2 kinds of basic operational modes and 3 kinds of running statuses, see Fig. 4.It is during island mode, main
Dynamic Distributed Generation in Distribution System is exerted oneself equal to load, and active distribution network system is in independent operating state, idle with power transmission network
Rate is interacted；During grid-connect mode, in active distribution network, distributed power source is exerted oneself more than load, and active distribution network system is transported in power supply
Row state, send power to electrical transmission network systems, equivalent to power supply；During grid-connect mode, in active distribution network, distributed power source is exerted oneself
During less than load, active distribution network system is in load operating region, and electrical transmission network systems convey power to active distribution network system,
Active distribution network system is equivalent to load.
S4：The trend meter of active distribution network and power transmission network is considered respectively according to three kinds of different running statuses of active distribution network
Calculate
(1) step S4 is specifically included：
When active distribution network system by internal calculation obtain its running status for island state (separate state) when, actively
There is no Power Exchange in distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems, two systems independent operating and can be managed independently, active distribution
Net system and electrical transmission network systems can calculate respective trend respectively, as a result be independent of each other.
(2) step S4 specifically also includes：
When active distribution network system by internal calculation obtain its running status for and during net state, active distribution network system
There is Power Exchange with electrical transmission network systems, two systems can be managed independently and limited independent operating, only bound power information
Interact with information of voltage.When in power supply running status, calculate active distribution network system load flow and obtain to electrical transmission network systems
The power for sending, then calculates the trend of electrical transmission network systems accordingly.When in load operating region, active distribution network is calculated
System load flow obtains the power to electrical transmission network systems demand, then calculates the trend of electrical transmission network systems system accordingly.
S5：For (2) of step S4 are made with active distribution network system and two mutual feature modeling result of electrical transmission network systems
For the initial value of each iteration of oneself, until border result restrains, the calculation of tidal current of whole power system is obtained
In the present invention, the iterative algorithm of step S5 includes following：
According to given boundary voltage initial valueThe bound power of active distribution network system is calculated, if power supply operation
State, bound power direction flow to power transmission network for active distribution network, if load operating region, bound power direction is transmission of electricity
Net flows to active distribution network.The Load flow calculation that power transmission network is brought into as the initial value of electrical transmission network systems using it obtains electrical transmission network systems
Bound power, then obtains the Load flow calculation that it substitutes into active distribution network again the bound power of active distribution network, reciprocal with this,
Till bound power deviation that adjacent iteration twice is obtained is less than default convergence precision.
In the present invention, bound power deviation delta is obtained by below equation：
Further, in step s 5, iterative algorithm is specific as follows：
S501：K=1 is set；According to given boundary voltageCalculateJudge whether it is island mode, be
Into step S502, otherwise into step S503.
S502：Two system independences, calculate respective trend respectively, obtain the overall situation flow solution of the transmission ＆ distribution containing active distribution network.
S503：According to active distribution network systemCalculate power transmission network and feel concerned about system
S504：System is felt concerned about according to power transmission networkCalculate active distribution network system
S505：Carry out kth time iterative calculation and obtain power deviation Δ, if Δ≤ε, wherein ε are convergence parameter, then containing actively
Power distribution network and power transmission network overall situation Load flow calculation convergence, iteration terminate, and obtain the overall situation flow solution of the transmission ＆ distribution containing active distribution network；Otherwise
Into step S506.
S506：K=k+1, return to step S503.
Step 5 iterative algorithm flow chart is shown in Fig. 5.
A kind of active distribution network based on SoS and power transmission network collaboration tidal current computing method are obtained accordingly just.
Embodiments above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, about the common of technical field
Technical staff, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make a variety of changes and modification, therefore all
The technical scheme of equivalent falls within the protection category of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS cooperates with tidal current computing method, it is characterised in that：
S1：Definition power system is System of Systems (SoS), sets up the SoS models of power system；
S2：Two independent systems power transmission network and active distribution network being modeled as respectively in whole system；
S3：Consider distributed power source and the relation of load in active distribution network system, determine the operation shape of active distribution network system
State；
S4：Active distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems are considered respectively according to three kinds of different running statuses of active distribution network system
Load flow calculation；
S5：The rising as each iteration of oneself using active distribution network system and two mutual feature modeling result of electrical transmission network systems
Initial value, until the convergence of border result, obtains the calculation of tidal current of whole power system.
2. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, it is System of Systems (SoS) that step S1 defines power system, sets up the SoS models of power system；
In power system, power transmission network and active distribution network with independent operating and can be managed independently, only information exchange, as they are energy
It is enough by individually with autonomous system, the competition and cooperation relation between them can be by the representation of concept of SoS.
3. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, power transmission network and active distribution network are modeled as step S2 two independent systems in whole system respectively；By
SoS is modeled as in power system, so power transmission network and active distribution network can be modeled as two independent models respectively.
4. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, distributed power source and the relation of load in active distribution network system is considered in step S3, active distribution network is determined
The running status of system；In active distribution network system by internal arithmetic determine in active distribution network distributed power source exert oneself with
The relation of load, can be divided into 2 kinds of basic operational modes active distribution network system：(1) islet operation (2) is incorporated into the power networks, 3 kinds of fortune
Row state：(1) independent operating (2) power supply operation (3) load operation；During island mode, in active distribution network, distributed power source goes out
Power is equal to load, and active distribution network system is in independent operating state, is interacted with power transmission network inactivity；During grid-connect mode, actively
Distributed Generation in Distribution System is exerted oneself more than load, and active distribution network system is in power supply running status, falls to electrical transmission network systems
Power is sent, equivalent to power supply；During grid-connect mode, when in active distribution network, distributed power source is exerted oneself less than load, active distribution network
System be in load operating region, electrical transmission network systems to active distribution network system convey power, active distribution network system equivalent to
Load.
5. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, in step S4, active distribution network and power transmission network are considered respectively according to three kinds of different running statuses of active distribution network
Load flow calculation；Specifically include：When active distribution network system obtains its running status for independent operating state by internal calculation
When (island mode), there is no Power Exchange in active distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems, two systems can independent operating and
Manage independently, active distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems can calculate respective trend respectively, as a result be independent of each other.
6. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, in step S4, active distribution network and power transmission network are considered respectively according to three kinds of different running statuses of active distribution network
Load flow calculation；Specifically also include：When active distribution network system by internal calculation obtain its operational mode for grid-connect mode when,
There is Power Exchange in active distribution network system and electrical transmission network systems, two systems can be managed independently and limited independent operating, only
There are bound power information and information of voltage interaction；When in power supply running status, calculate active distribution network system load flow and obtain
To the power sent to electrical transmission network systems, the trend of electrical transmission network systems is then calculated accordingly；When in load operating region, meter
The power that active distribution network system load flow obtains to electrical transmission network systems demand is calculated, electrical transmission network systems system is then calculated accordingly
Trend.
7. a kind of active distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS according to claim 1 cooperates with tidal current computing method, and which is special
Levy and be, step S5 is using active distribution network system and two mutual feature modeling result of electrical transmission network systems as the every of oneself
The initial value of secondary iteration, until the convergence of border result, obtains the calculation of tidal current of whole power system；Iterative algorithm is as follows：
S501：K=1 is set；According to given boundary voltageCalculateJudge whether it is island mode, be to enter
Step S502, otherwise into step S503；
S502：Two system independences, calculate respective trend respectively, obtain the overall situation flow solution of the transmission ＆ distribution containing active distribution network；
S503：According to active distribution network systemCalculate power transmission network and feel concerned about system
S504：System is felt concerned about according to power transmission networkCalculate active distribution network system
S505：Carry out kth time iterative calculation and obtain power deviationIf Δ≤ε, wherein ε are convergence parameter, then
Containing active distribution network and power transmission network overall situation Load flow calculation convergence, iteration terminates, and obtains the overall situation trend of the transmission ＆ distribution containing active distribution network
Solution；Step S506 is entered otherwise；
S506：K=k+1, return to step S503.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611214184.7A CN106532713A (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611214184.7A CN106532713A (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106532713A true CN106532713A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
Family
ID=58337947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611214184.7A Pending CN106532713A (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106532713A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107359649A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of transmission ＆ distribution Integrated optimization dispatching method considered under more distribution access situations |
| CN111463794A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-28 | 山东大学 | Transmission and distribution network cooperative power flow control method and system with additional earth impedance |
| CN112308331A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-02 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Optimal power flow model in power market separated from power distribution network and iterative solution method thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2309971A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-10 | Mats Leijon | Power flow control |
| JP2012068947A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-05 | National Institute Of Information & Communication Technology | System for performing arithmetic processing relating to distribution of resource and method for determining resource distribution |
| CN103887790A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-06-25 | 广州供电局有限公司 | Cooperative power flow control method and system for power transmission network and power distribution network |
| CN105514996A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Method and system for cooperatively computing power flow of transmission network and distribution network |
| CN105576657A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-05-11 | 马瑞 | Random fuzzy continuation power flow modeling and algorithm of active distribution network and transmission network integrated system under energy source interconnection |
| CN105703368A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 马瑞 | Multiple uncertain energy flow modeling and calculation method for integrated system of active distribution network (ADN) and power transmission network under energy interconnection |
| CN105811420A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-27 | 国网江苏省电力公司南京供电公司 | Decomposition coordinated master and distribution network integrated power flow calculation method |
-
2016
- 2016-12-26 CN CN201611214184.7A patent/CN106532713A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2309971A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-10 | Mats Leijon | Power flow control |
| JP2012068947A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-05 | National Institute Of Information & Communication Technology | System for performing arithmetic processing relating to distribution of resource and method for determining resource distribution |
| CN103887790A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-06-25 | 广州供电局有限公司 | Cooperative power flow control method and system for power transmission network and power distribution network |
| CN105514996A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Method and system for cooperatively computing power flow of transmission network and distribution network |
| CN105703368A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 马瑞 | Multiple uncertain energy flow modeling and calculation method for integrated system of active distribution network (ADN) and power transmission network under energy interconnection |
| CN105576657A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-05-11 | 马瑞 | Random fuzzy continuation power flow modeling and algorithm of active distribution network and transmission network integrated system under energy source interconnection |
| CN105811420A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-27 | 国网江苏省电力公司南京供电公司 | Decomposition coordinated master and distribution network integrated power flow calculation method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107359649A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of transmission ＆ distribution Integrated optimization dispatching method considered under more distribution access situations |
| CN111463794A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-28 | 山东大学 | Transmission and distribution network cooperative power flow control method and system with additional earth impedance |
| CN112308331A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-02 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Optimal power flow model in power market separated from power distribution network and iterative solution method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Xing et al. | Distributed bisection method for economic power dispatch in smart grid | |
| Wen et al. | Distributed tracking of nonlinear multiagent systems under directed switching topology: An observer-based protocol | |
| Yang et al. | Distributed energy resource coordination over time-varying directed communication networks | |
| CN104537178B (en) | A kind of power system associative simulation modeling method based on Matlab and Netlogo | |
| CN104578427B (en) | Fault self-healing method for power distribution network containing microgrid power source | |
| Mohammadi et al. | Agent-based distributed security constrained optimal power flow | |
| Ma et al. | Centralized and decentralized event-triggered control for group consensus with fixed topology in continuous time | |
| CN106532713A (en) | Method for calculating cooperative power flow of active power distribution network and power transmission network based on SoS (System of Systems) | |
| CN105634828A (en) | Method for controlling distributed average tracking of linear differential inclusion multi-agent systems | |
| CN109474017A (en) | A kind of real-time distributed economic load dispatching method of power distribution network | |
| Liu et al. | Aggregation and charging control of PHEVs in smart grid: A cyber–physical perspective | |
| CN105391056B (en) | A kind of power system distribution economic load dispatching method for considering uneven communication network | |
| Yu et al. | Distributed consensus strategy for economic power dispatch in a smart grid | |
| Zhang et al. | A distributed multi-control-center dynamic power flow algorithm based on asynchronous iteration scheme | |
| CN104754053A (en) | Distributed software-defined network and method of dynamically controlling controllers therein | |
| CN104967115A (en) | Distributed cluster-type network topology coloring method for power system | |
| CN109742755A (en) | The active distribution network traffic control method containing electric car based on partition of nodes | |
| CN104821604B (en) | A kind of many photovoltaic generation group of planes control method for coordinating based on event trigger mechanism | |
| CN103347051A (en) | Method for sharing and calling numerically-controlled machine tool design resource cloud model | |
| CN104767412B (en) | The primary of intelligent inverter, secondary control system, control system and control method | |
| CN105977958B (en) | Bilateral transaction loss allocation methods based on network catalogue system | |
| CN104915889A (en) | Method of acquiring comprehensive load model parameters in online mode based on daily load curve | |
| CN103715771B (en) | Auto generation coordination control platform | |
| CN106786812B (en) | Virtual power plant distributed reactive power compensation system and its compensation method | |
| Ma et al. | A Fully Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking Algorithm for N-Coalition Games of Euler–Lagrange Players |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170322 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |