CN106532012A - Sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106532012A CN106532012A CN201611205892.4A CN201611205892A CN106532012A CN 106532012 A CN106532012 A CN 106532012A CN 201611205892 A CN201611205892 A CN 201611205892A CN 106532012 A CN106532012 A CN 106532012A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal composite electrode material and a preparation method and an application thereof. A biomass carbon/transition metal composite material is generated after reaction through an expansion method, a soaking method and a high-temperature method, reaction is carried out by taking the biomass carbon/transition metal composite material as a carrier through a sulfurizing method for 12-18 hours, and the sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal composite electrode material is prepared by composite elemental sulfur in the biomass carbon/transition metal composite material. The sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal composite electrode material has high specific capacity, high rate capability and high cycle life, is especially suitable for preparation of an anode of a lithium-sulfur battery, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of mobile commutation, electric vehicles, solar power generation, aerospace and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium-sulfur cell composite anode materials technical field, and in particular to a kind of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition gold
Category combination electrode material and preparation method thereof and the application in the anode for preparing lithium-sulfur cell.
Background technology
With gradually using up totally for fossil energy, and the greenhouse effect that thus causes and problem of environmental pollution, the mankind
In the urgent need to developing renewable and clean energy resource.In recent years, the secondary cell using lithium ion battery as representative is used as a kind of high-performance
Electrochemical energy storage device, receives extensive research and application.Lithium ion battery has that energy density is high, cycle life is good, work
The advantages of making high voltage, security performance height, environmental protection and energy saving, in mobile phone, notebook computer and electric motor car etc.
Field plays an important role.Meanwhile, the high speed development in these fields also proposes challenge to the energy density of lithium ion battery.
Due to the limitation of material system, its energy density can be only sustained at 200～250Wh/ to business-like lithium battery at present
Kg, can not gradually meet the growing demand of demand people.
Compared with lithium ion battery, lithium-sulfur cell has bigger energy density (2600Wh/kg) and bulk density
(2800Wh/L).The theoretical capacity of sulphur simple substance has reached 1675mAh/g, and has cheap and advantages of environment protection,
Therefore there are great potentiality in electrochemical energy storage field, receive people and widely study.But, sulfur positive electrode is also deposited simultaneously
In some impassable defects：The electronic conductivity of elemental sulfur is extremely low in room temperature, is the insulator of electronics and ion；
Easily generation is soluble in the polysulfide of electrolyte in operation, generation " shuttle effect " result in capacity to lithium-sulfur cell
Loss；The stable circulation performance that change in volume in charge and discharge process also results in lithium-sulfur cell is not good, greatly hinders which
The road of industrialization.
For problem above, research worker carries out the modified come excellent of lithium sulphur battery electrode generally using following some strategies
Change its electrochemical energy storage performance：Sulphur simple substance is combined with other high conductivity materials, such as material with carbon element and metal material can be effective
Increase its electric conductivity；Add predetermined substance in sulphur simple substance, can effectively suppress the dissolving and shuttle of polysulfide；Additionally,
The rational nano array structure of design construction, increases response area, accelerates ionic conduction efficiency.Wherein, the first and carbon materials
The compound strategy of material has become a kind of generally acknowledged effective method of modifying.But for some are relatively difficult to the material with carbon element for obtaining such as
Graphene, for mesoporous carbon, from technological process or cost for be all relatively difficult to industrialization.Therefore, invent
A kind of good material with carbon element of cheap, electric conductivity be it is very urgent, while and build high-performance lithium-sulfur cell first-selection
Scheme.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to the poorly conductive of lithium-sulfur cell, electrode be soluble and the problems such as change in volume, carries
A kind of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material and preparation method thereof is supplied, the composite is with high connductivity
Property, suppress the advantages such as polysulfide dissolving gentle solution volumetric expansion.
The preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) rice is added in air flow puffing machine, seals and heat, heating-up temperature is 300～600 DEG C, heated pressure is
0.5～1.2MPa, heat time heating time are 1～5 minute, and puffed rice is obtained after pressure release；
(2) puffed rice is immersed in transition metal nitrate ethanol solution, immersion was taken out after 10～30 minutes, was obtained
The puffed rice of transition metal nitrate absorption；
(3) puffed rice that transition metal nitrate adsorbs is dried to obtain into the absorption of light green color transition metal nitrate expanded
Rice；
(4) light green color transition metal nitrate absorption puffed rice is carried out into high-temperature heat treatment in argon, at high warm
Reason temperature is 700～1200 DEG C, and the high-temperature heat treatment time is 2～3 hours, obtains biomass carbon/transition metal composite；
(5) biomass carbon/transition metal composite is uniformly mixed with sulphur simple substance, is then inserted in autoclave,
120～180 DEG C are heated to, heat time heating time is 12～18 hours, after the cooling of question response kettle, take out product, obtain sulfur-biology
Matter carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.
It is following as the preferred technical solution of the present invention：
In step (2), described transition metal nitrate ethanol solution is mixed by transition metal nitrate and ethanol.
Described puffed rice is 3～4 with the mass ratio of transition metal nitrate：1.
The ratio of the volume of the quality and ethanol of described transition metal nitrate is 1g～5g：100mL, more preferably
3g：100mL.
Described transition metal nitrate is nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate, manganese nitrate, nitric acid stannum, one kind of copper nitrate
Or two or more (including two kinds).
Described soaking temperature is 10～40 DEG C.
In step (3), the condition of described drying is：It is placed in 60～80 DEG C of dryings 20～40 minutes.
In step (5), the mass mixing ratio of described biomass carbon/transition metal composite and sulphur simple substance is 1：
0.5～4, further preferably, it is 1：1.
Sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material prepared by the present invention is multiple by sulfur, biomass carbon and transition metal
Conjunction is formed, and described transition metal is embedded in inside biomass carbon in metallic particles mode, wherein, elemental sulfur weight percentage
For 10%～80%, carbon weight percentage composition is 18%～85%, and transition metal weight percentage composition is 2%～5%.
Described transition metal is nickel, cobalt, ferrum, manganese, stannum, one or two in copper, and the grain diameter of transition metal is
20～100nm.
Sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material of the present invention has height ratio capacity, high rate capability and high circulation
Life-span, sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material prepared by the present invention are particularly suitable for preparing the sun of lithium-sulfur cell
Pole.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Described sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material, described biomass carbon be general rice it is expanded after
Obtained by high temperature cabonization；Described transition metal be nickel, cobalt, ferrum, manganese, stannum, copper one or more, described transition metal particles
Particle diameter is 20～100nm, and described metallic particles is embedded in inside biomass carbon；Described sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal
Combination electrode material sulphur simple substance content be 10%～80%, its carbon content be 18%～85%, its levels of transition metals be 2%～
5%；According to actual needs, its changes of contents can be controlled by adjusting reaction density and material.
, with biomass carbon as simple substance sulfur-donor, by immersion, high-temperature heat treatment method is preparing biomass carbon/transition for the present invention
Metallic composite, then by sulfurizing method preparing sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.The preparation method letter
Folk prescription is just, it is easy to control.
Lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material prepared by the present invention, material with carbon element has larger
Specific surface area, can increase the load capacity of elemental sulfur, there is provided bigger more effectively active reaction area, meanwhile, it is electrochemical reaction
Good ion and electrons spread passage are provided, the diffusion length of ion is shortened, while improve electronics and ionic conductivity.
Transition metal can effectively suppress the dissolving of polysulfide, improve its cyclical stability, it is achieved thereby that there is high-energy-density,
The new energy of excellent cycle and reliable and secure novel lithium sulfur battery electrode material.Sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal of the present invention is combined
Electrode material has height ratio capacity, high rate capability and high circulation life-span, mobile communication, electric automobile, solar electrical energy generation and
The fields such as Aero-Space have broad application prospects.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of obtained sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of obtained sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope picture of obtained sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Describe the present invention with reference to embodiment in detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Weigh 10.8g rice to be placed in air flow puffing machine, seal and heat, heating-up temperature is 300 DEG C, heated pressure is
0.5Mpa, heat time heating time are 5 minutes, and 10.8g puffed rices are obtained after rapid pressure release.
Weigh 3.0g nickel nitrates to be dissolved in 100ml ethanol solution, stir to being completely dissolved to form nickel nitrate ethanol solution.So
Afterwards puffed rice is transferred in nickel nitrate ethanol solution, 25 DEG C immersion 10 minutes after take out, under the conditions of 60 DEG C be dried 30 points
Clock, obtains the puffed rice of nickel nitrate absorption.
The puffed rice for weighing the absorption of 4.2g nickel nitrates to be inserted in argon, naturally cools to
25 DEG C of room temperature, obtains biomass carbon/transition metal composite.
2.0g biomass carbons/transition metal composite is weighed respectively with 2.0g elemental sulfurs and is uniformly mixed, then insert
In autoclave, 120 DEG C are heated to, heat time heating time is 18 hours, after question response kettle is down to 25 DEG C of room temperature, takes out reaction and produce
Thing, obtains sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.
Embodiment 2
Weigh 20.1g general rices to be placed in air flow puffing machine, seal and heat, heating-up temperature is 450 DEG C, heated pressure
For 0.8Mpa, heat time heating time is 3 minutes.20.1g puffed rices are obtained after rapid pressure release.
Weigh 6.0g nickel nitrates to be dissolved in 200ml ethanol solution, stir to being completely dissolved to form nickel nitrate ethanol solution.So
Afterwards puffed rice is transferred in ethanol solution, 25 DEG C of immersions were taken out after 20 minutes, were dried, obtained the expanded big of nickel nitrate absorption
Rice.
The puffed rice for weighing the absorption of 8.4g nickel nitrates to be inserted in argon, natural cooling
To 25 DEG C of room temperature, biomass carbon/transition metal composite is obtained.
4.0g biomass carbons/transition metal composite is weighed respectively with 4.0g elemental sulfurs and is uniformly mixed, then insert
In autoclave, 150 DEG C are heated to, heat time heating time is 15 hours, after question response kettle is down to 25 DEG C of room temperature, takes out reaction and produce
Thing, obtains sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.
Embodiment 3
Weigh 40.6g general rices to be placed in air flow puffing machine, seal and heat, heating-up temperature is 600 DEG C, heated pressure
For 1.2Mpa, heat time heating time is 1 minute.40.6g puffed rices are obtained after rapid pressure release.
Weigh 12.0g nickel nitrates to be dissolved in 400ml ethanol solution, stir to being completely dissolved to form nickel nitrate ethanol solution.
Then puffed rice is transferred in ethanol solution, 25 DEG C immersion 30 minutes after take out, be dried, obtain nickel nitrate absorption it is expanded
Rice.
The puffed rice for weighing the absorption of 16.8g nickel nitrates to be inserted in argon, natural cooling
To 25 DEG C of room temperature, biomass carbon/transition metal composite is obtained.
8.0g biomass carbons/transition metal composite is weighed respectively with 8.0g elemental sulfurs and is uniformly mixed, then insert
In autoclave, 180 DEG C are heated to, heat time heating time is 12 hours, after question response kettle is down to 25 DEG C of room temperature, takes out reaction and produce
Thing, obtains sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.
Performance test
Using sulfur made by above-described embodiment 1～3-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material as positive pole, lithium metal is made
Negative pole, assembles the button cell of CR2025, LiTFSI/DOL of the electrolyte for 1mol/L in argon gas atmosphere glove box:DEM(1:
1 volume ratio, DOL：1,3～dioxolanes；DME：Glycol dimethyl ether), barrier film is 2400 types of Celgard.Charge-discharge test exists
Room temperature is carried out, and instrument is blue electricity battery test system, and test voltage scope is relative to Li/Li+1.7～2.8V, loop test
Electric current is 0.2C, and Rate test currents are 0.2C～5C, measure lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-material carbon/transition metal combination electrode material
Reversible charging and discharging capacity, charge-discharge performance and high-rate characteristics.
The performance test results are as follows：
Lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal the combination electrode material of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3
After specific capacitance of discharging under 0.1A/g electric current densities is respectively 1100mAh/g, 1080mAh/g and 1130mAh/g, and 500 circulations
Specific discharge capacity conservation rate is up to more than 80%.It can be seen that, lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal compound electric obtained above
Pole material charge/discharge capacity is high, good cycling stability.
Lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal the combination electrode material of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 exists
Specific capacitance of discharging under 5A/g electric current densities is respectively 343mAh/g, 386mAh/g and 320mAh/g.It can be seen that, lithium sulfur obtained above
Battery sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material high rate capability is good.
This is because on the one hand the incorporation of transition metal improves the electric conductivity of whole composite, on the other hand draw
Enter the pore space structure that transition metal formed on carbon skeleton to be conducive to increasing the contact area of electrode and electrolyte, and provide more
Big effectively active reaction area, while providing good ion and electrons spread passage for electrochemical reaction, shortens ion
Diffusion length, improve battery performance.Secondly, transition metal particles have certain suppression to make to the shuttle effect of lithium-sulfur cell
With, therefore and improve the cycle performance of battery.
Therefore, lithium-sulfur cell sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material of the present invention has height ratio capacity and Gao Xun
Ring life-span, high rate capability, have in fields such as small-sized movable electronic equipment, electric automobile, solar electrical energy generation and Aero-Space
Wide application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) by rice add air flow puffing machine in, seal and heat, heating-up temperature be 300～600 DEG C, heated pressure be 0.5～
1.2MPa, heat time heating time are 1～5 minute, and puffed rice is obtained after pressure release；
(2) puffed rice is immersed in transition metal nitrate ethanol solution, immersion was taken out after 10～30 minutes, obtained transition
The puffed rice of metal nitrate absorption；
(3) puffed rice that transition metal nitrate adsorbs is dried to obtain into the absorption of light green color transition metal nitrate expanded big
Rice；
(4) light green color transition metal nitrate absorption puffed rice is carried out into high-temperature heat treatment, high-temperature heat treatment temperature in argon
Spend for 700～1200 DEG C, the high-temperature heat treatment time is 2～3 hours, obtains biomass carbon/transition metal composite；
(5) biomass carbon/transition metal composite is uniformly mixed with sulphur simple substance, is then inserted in autoclave, heated
To 120～180 DEG C, heat time heating time is 12～18 hours, after the cooling of question response kettle, takes out product, obtains sulfur-biomass
Carbon/transition metal combination electrode material.
2. the preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 1, its feature exist
In, in step (2), described transition metal nitrate ethanol solution is mixed by transition metal nitrate and ethanol.
3. the preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 2, its feature exist
In, in step (2), described puffed rice and the mass ratio of transition metal nitrate are 3～4：1.
4. the preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 2, its feature exist
In, in step (2), the ratio of the volume of the quality and ethanol of described transition metal nitrate is 1g～5g：100mL.
5. the preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 2, its feature exist
In, in step (2), described transition metal nitrate is nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate, manganese nitrate, nitric acid stannum, copper nitrate
One or more.
6. the preparation method of sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 1, its feature exist
In, in step (5), the mass mixing ratio of described biomass carbon/transition metal composite and sulphur simple substance is 1：0.5～4.
7. sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode that prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claim 1～6
Material.
8. sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 7, it is characterised in that by sulfur, life
Material carbon and transition metal are composited, and described transition metal is embedded in inside biomass carbon in metallic particles mode, wherein,
Elemental sulfur weight percentage is 10%～80%, and carbon weight percentage composition is 18%～85%, and transition metal weight percentage contains
Measure as 2%～5%.
9. sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal combination electrode material according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described mistake
Metal is crossed for nickel, cobalt, ferrum, manganese, stannum, one or two in copper.
10. sulfur-biomass carbon/transition metal the combination electrode material according to any one of claim 7～9 is preparing lithium sulfur
Application in the anode of battery.
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