CN106529710A - Steam power system optimizing method based on marginal cost accounting - Google Patents

Steam power system optimizing method based on marginal cost accounting Download PDF

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CN106529710A
CN106529710A CN201610944653.4A CN201610944653A CN106529710A CN 106529710 A CN106529710 A CN 106529710A CN 201610944653 A CN201610944653 A CN 201610944653A CN 106529710 A CN106529710 A CN 106529710A
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阮慧娟
朱江
王海
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GUANGZHOU YOUHUA PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a steam power system optimizing method based on marginal cost accounting which relates to the steam power system optimizing and modifying technology field. The method, through the acquisition of relevant data of the steam producing equipment and the dynamic and electric equipment of the steam power system, combines these data to calculate the steam producing load of the steam producing equipment as well as the viable cost and marginal cost corresponding to the power generation loads of the dynamic and electric equipment and compares the marginal cost with the external purchase cost so as to determine the steam producing amount, the power generation amount and the externally purchased steam amount and power amount of the steam power system. In view of the characteristics of the steam power system, the invention proposes a steam power optimizing system based on the analysis on the marginal cost while ensuring the demand of steam use and fulfilling the constraint conditions faced in the practical operation of the steam power system, including security, stability, economy and equipment characteristics. The method can be used to evaluate the actual operation cost and to give operational suggestions so as to optimize the operation load of the steam power system, to achieve the best economic gains and to reduce producing costs for enterprises.

Description

A kind of steam power system optimization method adjusted based on marginal cost
Technical field
The present invention relates to steam power system transformation and optimization technical field, more particularly to a kind of adjusted based on marginal cost Steam power system optimization method.
Background technology
Usually famous with high energy consumption as the petrochemical industry of energy-intensive, the supply and demand along with energy class resource is closed It is growing tension, energy prices constantly rise, meanwhile, as the dynamics to environmental conservation is continued to increase, petroleum chemical enterprise is to steam The economy of system is increasingly paid attention to.In large-size chemical or petrochemical plant, steam power system has become important composition Part, all of technical process are required for the without interruption of the public works such as steam and electric power, and providing these public works needs Consume substantial amounts of investment and operating cost, even if therefore the improvement of very little is done in terms of operation, just can obtain very considerable Jing Ji benefit.
The typical feature of steam power system is at present：
1st, boiler, steam turbine load lean on experience substantially, can meet Production requirement, are only then difficult to adjust to run by rule of thumb Ensure the index of economy, easily cause system operation cost higher.
2nd, multi-state change (seasonal variations, fuel price change, electric price change, machining load change), these operating modes Interknit between change, interact so that operation complex operation.
In view of the These characteristics of steam power system, oil refining enterprise is self-produced steam and electric power be not enough or self-produced steaming Under the premise of vapour is sub-economic, outsourcing steam and electric power.If blindly purchase or it is completely self-produced be likely to cause uneconomical, Then need to optimize vapour system.
At present, for the optimization of vapour system, two kinds are broadly divided into, first, for the dispatching method of vapour system pipe network Optimization, historical data and scheduling parameter are consumed by the energy production of integrated vapour system, Scheduling Optimization Model is set up, and using excellent Change algorithm and be calculated optimization operating scheme, be scheduled according to prioritization scheme for spot dispatch personnel and management personnel.Second, For the operation optimization of steam pipe system, power station and device product vapour, by setting up steam power system model analog approach, Determine the Optimum Operation runtime value of steam flow, flow, pressure and temperature variable.
Linear programming method is adopted mainly or with production cost as target letter for steam power system operation parameter optimization Number, is optimized calculating and obtains operation operational approach to object function.At present, enterprise is generally adopted when calculating the cost of production Be absorption costing.In fact, totle drilling cost (TC) includes fixed cost (TFC) and variable cost (TVC), fixed part therein Divide (TFC), belong to the sinking part in totle drilling cost (TC), do not change with the load that steams (Q) and change, fixed cost refers to production The meaning led is limited.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to the characteristics of steam power system, it is under conditions of guarantee is with vapour process requirements, full The constraint of the factors such as safe and stable, economy, device characteristics in sufficient steam power system actual moving process, proposes based on side The steam power optimization system of border cost analyses, the cost and suggestion for operation for evaluation system actual motion make steam power System operation load is optimum, and benefit preferably, is that enterprise reduces production cost.
It is that, up to this purpose, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions：
A kind of steam power system optimization method adjusted based on marginal cost, is comprised the following steps：
(1) steam in obtaining steam power system the running status and data of equipment, power and power equipment；
(2) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of the equipment that steams are obtained；
(3) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of power and power equipment are obtained；
(4) obtaining steam power system carries out the basic data of cost calculation；
(5) according to the data in step (1) to (4), calculate that the equipment of steaming steams load and power and power equipment generates electricity The corresponding variable cost of load and marginal cost；
(6) marginal cost obtained after calculating in step (5) is compared with outsourcing cost, to determine steam power system The steam exhaling amount of system, generated energy and outsourcing quantity of steam and electricity.
Preferably, the step (1) obtains boiler, the running status of steam turbine and data in steam power system, its Comprise the steps：
(101) steam power system topological model is set up according to the steam consumption of gas utilization unit；
(102) on the basis of above-mentioned model, determine steam consumption of the gas utilization unit under different operating conditions；
(103) the steam consumption summation to gas utilization unit under different operating conditions, determines steam demand total amount；
(104) according to steam demand total amount, the operation of steam in setting steam power system equipment, power and power equipment State and data.
Preferably, the rated load of the equipment that steams obtained in the step (2) is the equipment safety operation that steams per platform Minimum and maximum load, and the minimum of steam equipment institute gas production satisfaction vapour and heat supply；
It is determined that the equipment that steams the operable interval of reality, need to be given more than the certain operation of equipment according to historical data Amount, the equipment that steams operation need to meet following constraints：
△S：Steam machine utilization surplus, unit t/h；Si：I-th boiler duty, unit t/h；Si,max：I-th pot Stove maximum steam production, unit t/h.
Preferably, the rated load and actual exercisable area of the power obtained in the step (3) and power equipment Between and performance parameter be the rated load and actual exercisable interval and property for being related to power and power equipment start and stop constraints Can parameter.
Preferably, the basic data in the step (4) includes：Fuel Consumption, deoxygenation water consumption, personal steam Consumption, the personal consumption of power, energy prices.
Preferably, the Fuel Consumption to steam machine utilization and device efficiency of steaming it is related, device efficiency of steaming Related to the machine utilization that steams, device efficiency of steaming meets relationship below with the machine utilization that steams：
η：Boiler efficiency；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；A、B：Constant；
The fuel quantity needed for equipment that steams is calculated by following thermal balance relational expression：
Bqt：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；HST：Steam enthalpy, unit kJ/kg；HWL：Steam Equipment feedwater heat content, unit kJ/kg；Qarq：Fuel value, unit kJ/kg；η：Boiler efficiency.
Preferably, the personal consumption of power meets following relation with the machine utilization that steams：
DS=aQ3+bQ2+cQ+d
DS：The personal consumption of power；Q：Steam load；a、b、c、d：Constant.
Preferably, the bleed steam variable cost of the equipment that steams per platform in the step (5) is calculated by following formula：
TVC=MM×YM+MW×YW+MD×YD+MG×YG+MST×YST
TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment；MM：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；MW：Deoxygenation water consumption, unit t/ h；MD：Private power consumption amount, unit kW h；MG：Limestone consumption, unit t/h；MST：Personal steam consumption quantity, unit t/h；YM：Combustion Material price；YW：Deaerated water price；YD：From electricity rates；YG：Limestone price；YST：Personal steam price；
The marginal cost of steam per ton, i.e. the equipment of steaming steam load change 1t/h variable cost increment pass through under State formula calculating：
DVCST：The marginal cost of steam per ton；TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment；Q：Steam load；
Marginal generation cost, i.e. the increment of the variable cost that power and power equipment generation load change 1kW h passes through Following formula are calculated：
DVCD：Per the marginal cost of kW h electricity；TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment.
Preferably, the step (6) if in calculate after minimum marginal cost >=outsourcing cost for obtaining, meet minimum Load operation, is not required to increase load；
If the minimum marginal cost ＜ outsourcing cost obtained after calculating, can increase load operation.
The steam power system optimization method adjusted based on marginal cost provided by the present invention, which passes through acquisition steam and moves Steam in Force system the related data of equipment, power and power equipment, with reference to these data calculate the equipment of steaming steam load and Power and the corresponding variable cost of power equipment generation load and marginal cost, and by the marginal cost obtained after calculating and outsourcing Cost is compared, to determine steam exhaling amount, generated energy and outsourcing quantity of steam and the electricity of steam power system.The method is directed to The characteristics of steam power system, under conditions of guarantee is with vapour process requirements, meet in steam power system actual moving process Safe and stable, economy, the constraint of the factor such as device characteristics, propose the steam power optimization system based on marginal cost analysis, Cost and suggestion for operation for evaluation system actual motion, makes steam power system operating load optimum, and benefit preferably, is enterprise Industry reduces production cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is steam power system topological model in embodiment provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the graph of relation of marginal cost and boiler load increment in embodiment provided by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the relation curve comparative analysiss of marginal cost and boiler load increment in embodiment provided by the present invention Figure.
In Fig. 1：1- middle pressure steam pipe networks, 2- low-pressure steam pipe networks, 3-1# boilers, 4-2# boilers, 5-3# boilers, 6- desuperheats Decompressor, 7-1# steam turbines, 8-2# steam turbines, 9- condensed waters, 10- first users, 11- second users, arrange outside 12- condensed water, 13- demineralized waters, 14- oxygen-eliminating devices, 15- boiler feed pumps.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and by specific embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the equipment that steams is boiler, and power and power equipment are steam turbine, then, it is a kind of based on limit The steam power system optimization method of cost accounting, comprises the following steps：
(1) boiler, the running status of steam turbine and data in steam power system are obtained, which concretely comprises the following steps：
(101) steam power system topological model is set up according to the steam consumption of gas utilization unit, as shown in figure 1, steam power System includes two-stage steam pipe system：Middle pressure steam pipe network 1, low-pressure steam pipe network 2.Pipe network is used as steam transmission system, steam pipe Online equipment includes 1# boilers 3,2# boilers 4 and 3# boilers 5, turbine, temperature-decreased pressure reducer 6.Boiler is system of steaming, in production Pressure steam.1# steam turbines 7 and 2# steam turbines 8 are power, power system, and electric turbine is energy level conversion work device, is entered The steam acting of steam turbine generates electricity.In Fig. 1,7 machine of 1# steamers is fully-condensed type electric turbine, and condensed water 9 is incorporated to condensing water conduit； 2# steam turbines 8 are back pressure turbine, and after middle pressure steam enters Steam Turbine Driven compressor work, back pressure produces low-pressure steam.Subtract Middle pressure steam pressure and temperature reducing is low-pressure steam by temperature-decreased pressure reducer 6.Each user on steam pipe system is steam-using system, such as Fig. 1 institutes Show, first user 10 and second user 11 produce condensate after having utilized steam, arrange outside partial coagulation water, be the outer row in Fig. 1 Condensed water 12, enters oxygen-eliminating device 14 with demineralized water 13 after the unified recycling in part and heats deoxygenation, deaerated water Jing boiler feed pumps 15 enter boiler, and this part is water system.
(102) on the basis of above-mentioned model, determine steam consumption of the gas utilization unit under different operating conditions：The general enterprises winter Summer has gap with quantity of steam, it is thus necessary to determine that full factory's winter, the operating condition of Xia Liangji, maximum vapour operating mode and minimum use vapour work Condition.
(103) the steam consumption summation to gas utilization unit under different operating conditions, determines steam demand total amount：According to technique Demand determines the steam consumption of steam, it is determined that needing during process steam consumption to consider that the cycle of operation of technique user and processing are negative According to the situation of historical data and processing scheme, lotus, needs determine that technique user's uses quantity of steam.
(104) according to steam demand total amount, the operation of steam in setting steam power system equipment, power and power equipment State and data simultaneously have to be obtained.
(2) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of boiler are obtained；
The rated load of boiler is the minimum and maximum load of every safe operation of the boiler, and boiler institute gas production meets With vapour and the minimum of heat supply.
In actual motion, the pipe network moment is in dynamic changing process, it is desirable to which steam power system necessarily be in dynamic change The process of change carrys out the change of response technique user, it is ensured that the safe and stable operation of system, it is impossible to make all devices all shapes at full capacity Run under state, it is determined that the actual operable interval of boiler, needs provide the certain operation surplus of equipment, boiler according to historical data Operation needs to meet following constraints.
△S：Boiler load surplus, unit t/h；Si：I-th boiler duty, unit t/h；
Si,max：I-th boiler maximum steam production, unit t/h.
(3) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of steam turbine are obtained；
The steam power system of oil refining enterprise changes, the startup and stoppage in transit of equipment as the multi-state of technical process changes Expense can not be ignored, and frequent start-stop equipment can cause the increase for operating operating cost, will consider equipment start-stop in operation Constraints.
(4) obtaining steam power system carries out the basic data of cost calculation；
Variable part (TVC) is obtained comprising data：Energy usage and energy prices are included mainly using data.Energy usage Mainly have：
A, fuel consumption：Fuel consumption may be from power station form, rejects and does not substantially meet equipment operation rule because of instrument reason Rule and violation energy, the data of heat balance.The consumption of fuel is related to boiler load and boiler efficiency, and boiler efficiency then with Boiler load is related.Boiler efficiency meets relationship below with boiler load：
η：Boiler efficiency；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；A、B：Constant；
The efficiency curve of boiler can typically collect the efficiency data under the various operating modes of boiler or various operating mode down smoke-dischargings, flying dust With the labor data of lime-ash (CFB boiler).
Fuel quantity needed for boiler is calculated by following thermal balance relational expression：
Bqt、：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；HST：Steam enthalpy, unit kJ/kg；HWL：Pot Stove feedwater heat content, unit kJ/kg；Qarq：Fuel value, unit kJ/kg；η：Boiler efficiency.
B, deoxygenation water consumption：Need to consider boiler-steam dome and the total blowdown rate of water-cooling wall lower collecting box.
C, personal steam consumption quantity：Use including deoxygenation, preheating feedwater is used, boiler other personal vapour.Wherein, deoxygenation steam consumption With oxygen-eliminating device load linear relationship.
D, personal power consumption：Including electricity consumptions such as feed pump electricity consumption, all blower fan electricity consumptions, the defeated coal coal-grindings of cold slag.Can adopt Electricity is calculated with the method for data regression.
The relation of power consumption and steam load is fitted by gathered data, relationship below expression is generally available：
DS=aQ3+bQ2+cQ+d
DS：The personal consumption of power；Q：Steam load；a、b、c、d：Constant.
E, other consumption：For example in CFB boiler, (Ca/S=2.5, desulfuration efficiency is 90%) for consumption of limestone.Amount of lime Linearly change with coal consumption, linearly change with load.Recirculated water and instrument power emaciation due to emotional upset consumption, the part energy usage to into This impact is less, calculates by fixed value.
F, energy prices：From business finance.
(5) according to the data in step (1) to (4), calculate boiler steam load and steam turbine power generation load is corresponding can Become cost and marginal cost；
A, the bleed steam variable cost of every boiler are calculated by following formula：
TVC=MM×YM+MW×YW+MD×YD+MG×YG+MST×YST
TVC：The bleed steam variable cost of boiler；MM：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；MW：Deoxygenation water consumption, unit t/h；MD： Private power consumption amount, unit kW h；MG：Limestone consumption, unit t/h；MST：Personal steam consumption quantity, unit t/h；YM：Fuel valency Lattice；YW：Deaerated water price；YD：From electricity rates；YG：Limestone price；YST：Personal steam price；
B, the marginal cost for calculating steam per ton, i.e. the steam increment of variable cost of load change 1t/h of boiler passes through Following formula are calculated：
DVCST：The marginal cost of steam per ton；TVC：The bleed steam variable cost of boiler；Q：Steam load；
C, calculating marginal generation cost, i.e. under the increment of the variable cost of steam turbine power generation load change 1kW h passes through State formula calculating：
DVCD：Per the marginal cost of kW h electricity；TVC：The bleed steam variable cost of boiler.
The boiler load (Q) that steams is calculated according to the computing formula of marginal cost and often changes 1t/h, the increment size of variable cost. According to marginal cost curve, when load change is to certain value, marginal cost is minimum.Marginal cost and boiler load increment Relation curve it is as shown in Figure 2.
(6) marginal cost obtained after calculating in step (5) is compared with outsourcing cost, to determine steam power system The steam exhaling amount of system, generated energy and outsourcing quantity of steam and electricity.
On the premise of the minimum steam supply demand of production is met, judge that current boiler load runs whether economically feasible, be It is no to need to increase boiler load.
If the minimum marginal cost >=outsourcing cost obtained after calculating, minimum load operation is met, be not required to increase Load, if conditions permit can also disable boiler, whole steam outsourcings；
If the minimum marginal cost ＜ outsourcing cost obtained after calculating, can increase load operation.
As shown in figure 3, X0Vapour load, N are used for needed for techniquebFor minimum marginal cost, XbIt is corresponding for minimum marginal cost Load increment, NgFor outsourcing cost, X1For outsourcing cost load increment corresponding with marginal cost intersection point.
Suggestion boiler load opereating specification exists：
y∈(X0, X0+min(X1, Xmax))
X0Vapour load is used for needed for technique；X1For outsourcing cost load increment corresponding with marginal cost intersection point；Xmax= Smax-X0, XmaxFor peak load increment size, SmaxPeak load value is allowed for boiler.
By steam and the marginal cost analysis for generating electricity, rational outsourcing strategy is formulated, come from full factory's energy balance angle Outsourcing amount is optimized.
The above-mentioned steam power system optimization method adjusted based on marginal cost, which is produced in passing through to obtain steam power system The related data of vapour equipment, power and power equipment, calculates the equipment of steaming with reference to these data and steams load and power and electric power The corresponding variable cost of equipment generation load and marginal cost, and the marginal cost obtained after calculating is compared with outsourcing cost Compared with to determine steam exhaling amount, generated energy and outsourcing quantity of steam and the electricity of steam power system.The method is directed to steam power system The characteristics of system, under conditions of guarantee is with vapour process requirements, meet safe, steady in steam power system actual moving process The constraint of the factors such as fixed, economy, device characteristics, proposes the steam power optimization system based on marginal cost analysis, for evaluating The cost of running and suggestion for operation, make steam power system operating load optimum, and benefit preferably, is that enterprise reduces life Produce cost.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention illustrates example of the present invention just for the sake of clear, and is not right The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description To make other changes in different forms.There is no need to be exhaustive to all of embodiment.It is all this Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of invention etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention Protection domain within.

Claims (9)

1. it is a kind of based on marginal cost adjust steam power system optimization method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) steam in obtaining steam power system the running status and data of equipment, power and power equipment；
(2) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of the equipment that steams are obtained；
(3) rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter of power and power equipment are obtained；
(4) obtaining steam power system carries out the basic data of cost calculation；
(5) according to the data in step (1) to (4), calculate the equipment of steaming and steam load and power and power equipment generation load Corresponding variable cost and marginal cost；
(6) marginal cost obtained after calculating in step (5) is compared with outsourcing cost, to determine steam power system Steam exhaling amount, generated energy and outsourcing quantity of steam and electricity.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (1) obtains boiler, vapour in steam power system The running status and data of turbine, which comprises the steps：
(101) steam power system topological model is set up according to the steam consumption of gas utilization unit；
(102) on the basis of above-mentioned model, determine steam consumption of the gas utilization unit under different operating conditions；
(103) the steam consumption summation to gas utilization unit under different operating conditions, determines steam demand total amount；
(104) according to steam demand total amount, the running status of steam in setting steam power system equipment, power and power equipment And data.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the equipment that steams obtained in the step (2) it is specified negative Lotus is the minimum and maximum load of equipment safety operation of steaming per platform, and steam equipment institute gas production satisfaction vapour and heat supply Minimum；
It is determined that the equipment that steams the operable interval of reality, needs the certain operation surplus of equipment is provided according to historical data, produce The operation of vapour equipment needs to meet following constraints：
Σ i S i + Δ S ≤ Σ i S i , m a x
△S：Steam machine utilization surplus, unit t/h；Si：I-th boiler duty, unit t/h；Si,max：I-th boiler is most Big steam production, unit t/h.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the power that obtains in the step (3) and power equipment Rated load and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter are be related to power and power equipment start and stop constraints specified negative Lotus and actual exercisable interval and performance parameter.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the basic data in the step (4) includes：Fuel consumption Amount, deoxygenation water consumption, personal steam consumption, the personal consumption of power, energy prices.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the Fuel Consumption is set with the machine utilization and steaming of steaming Standby efficiency is related, and device efficiency of steaming is related to the machine utilization that steams, and device efficiency of steaming meets following with the machine utilization that steams Relational expression：
1 η = A ( 1 Q ) + B
η：Boiler efficiency；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；A、B：Constant；
The fuel quantity needed for equipment that steams is calculated by following thermal balance relational expression：
B q t = Q × ( H S T - H W L ) Q a r q × η
Bqt：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；Q：Steam load, unit t/h；HST：Steam enthalpy, unit kJ/kg；HWL：Steam equipment Feedwater heat content, unit kJ/kg；Qarq：Fuel value, unit kJ/kg；η：Boiler efficiency.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the personal consumption of power and machine utilization satisfaction of steaming Following relation：
DS=aQ3+bQ2+cQ+d
DS：The personal consumption of power；Q：Steam load；a、b、c、d：Constant.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bleed steam of the equipment that steams per platform in the step (5) can Become this to calculate by following formula：
TVC=MM×YM+MW×YW+MD×YD+MG×YG+MST×YST
TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment；MM：Fuel consumption, unit t/h；MW：Deoxygenation water consumption, unit t/h；MD： Private power consumption amount, unit kW h；MG：Limestone consumption, unit t/h；MST：Personal steam consumption quantity, unit t/h；YM：Fuel valency Lattice；YW：Deaerated water price；YD：From electricity rates；YG：Limestone price；YST：Personal steam price；
The marginal cost of steam per ton, i.e. the equipment of steaming steam load change 1t/h variable cost increment by following public affairs Formula is calculated：
DVC S T = ∂ T V C ∂ Q
DVCST：The marginal cost of steam per ton；TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment；Q：Steam load；
Marginal generation cost, i.e. power and power equipment generation load change the increment of the variable cost of 1kW h by following Formula is calculated：
DVC D = ∂ T V C ∂ P
DVCD：Per the marginal cost of kW h electricity；TVC：Steam the bleed steam variable cost of equipment.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (6) if in calculate after the minimum limit that obtains Cost >=outsourcing cost, then meet minimum load operation, is not required to increase load；
If the minimum marginal cost ＜ outsourcing cost obtained after calculating, can increase load operation.
CN201610944653.4A 2016-11-02 2016-11-02 Steam power system optimizing method based on marginal cost accounting Pending CN106529710A (en)

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CN112564101B (en) * 2020-12-08 2022-08-30 华能巢湖发电有限责任公司 Control method for external electricity purchase in starting and stopping process of unit
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