CN106529608A - Comprehensive stationing system for exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment of motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive stationing system for the exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment of a motor vehicle. The system comprises a stationing module based on the road similarity, a stationing module based on a road network topological structure, and a stationing module based on particular vehicle routes. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the stationing module based on the road similarity is implemented based on the road similarity-based stationing method of motor vehicle exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment. The stationing module based on the road network topological structure is implemented based on the graph theory-based stationing method of motor vehicle exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment. The stationing module based on particular vehicle routes is implemented based on the graph theory and Boolean algebra-based stationing method of motor vehicle exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment, wherein the site selecting and the stationing of exhaust gas remote-measuring equipment are conducted for the general investigation on the exhaust gas of an urban public transportation system. The above three modules can be independently used and can also be combined to use. Therefore, stationing scheme designs for different targets can be realized.

Description

A kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points

Technical field

Present invention relates particularly to a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points, belong to communal facility and layout addressing Technical field.

Background technology

As national vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity rapidly increases in recent years, cause urban district and various places traffic congestion phenomenon increasingly tight Weight, atmosphere quality also present degradating trend, and Maneuver seeker monitoring work is faced with stern challenge.It is motor-driven Tail gas is the important pollutant of urban air pollution, is the major source of urban air pollution, in city environmental pollution In terms of monitoring, motor-vehicle tail-gas monitoring proportion more and more higher has become the important component part of environmental conservation and management.

Since 2000, environmental administration constantly strengthens for the supervision of motor-vehicle tail-gas, on the one hand, by improving discharge Standard accelerates the speed that old motor vehicles are eliminated：Automotive emission standard is improved constantly, from Europe I, Europe II to five standard of state, The time in more than 10 years is only passed through.On the other hand, motor-vehicle tail-gas detection meanss and technology constantly develop, and successively experience double idle In the stages such as fast method, simple condition method, simulated condition method, remote sensing monitoring method, testing equipment is also from hand-held, portable, detecting field It is fixed that to have developed into vehicle-mounted removable, trackside fixed.Wherein, due to emerging remote sensing monitoring method have detection cycle it is short, The characteristics of without the need for manually participation, accuracy height with traffic is not affected, the important technology handss of motor-vehicle tail-gas detection are become gradually Section, has obtained the generally approval of industry.Even so, remote sensing monitoring method can solve also be only Tail gas measuring problem, it is right In the overall management and control problem of urban automobile (especially with motor vehicles), still can not be fully solved.

As telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment is not yet used widely in city road network, for the cloth of remote-measuring equipment is clicked Location problem, existing research are little.《A kind of city road network motor-vehicle tail-gas Real-time Remote Sensing monitors plot choosing method》(application Number：201510214145.6) a kind of site selecting method of the equipment that takes remote measurement in whole city road network region is disclosed, the method Purpose be the spot optimization by tail gas remote-measuring equipment so that the remote-measuring equipment on city road network can detect that it is as far as possible many Vehicle, the method lay particular emphasis on the generaI investigation of individual vehicle emission level, are not suitable for such as emphasis emission from vehicles situation investigation, city The research of the aspects such as city's road network area alignment concentration sealing.

In environmental monitoring, the location problem of layouting for having air quality monitoring similarly, with regard to this problem Research it is more.The site selecting method of layouting of traditional air quality monitoring mainly has：Lattice method, function division layout method, Sector is layouted method and the multi-faceted method of layouting of concentric circular.Liu Pan Wei etc. exists《Regional air quality-monitoring network optimization points distributing method grinds Study carefully》With maximum approach value as optimization aim in (China Environmental Science, 07 phase in 2010), a kind of regional air quality-monitoring is proposed The integer programming model of network spot optimization problem, and solved using branch and bound method.As tail gas remote-measuring equipment is peace It is mounted on road, the population constraint and spatial coverage constraint considered in the document is not suitable for this project, and target letter Number is also different.Wan Kai etc. exists《Application of the automatic Quality Control of network in the monitoring of air Optimizing》(Environmental science and technology, 2010 Year 6E phases) in fixed and mobile monitoring automatically is combined, realize air quality monitoring using network remote Quality Control technology Optimizing, substantially or lattice method.But we to carry out install laying remote-measuring equipment be it is fixed, Therefore the method does not apply to yet.Patent of invention《A kind of air quality monitoring station's Optimizing method》(application number： 201610037653.6) disclose it is a kind of with gram in golden air quality monitoring station Optimizing side of the least squares optimization as target Method, the method increases in the region on the basis of considering to have there is monitoring location network in survey region layouts.And for For motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring, such network is not yet formed, therefore the method provided by the invention cannot be applied to machine Motor-car tail gas remote-measuring equipment is layouted.

Although domestic remote sensing monitoring method has slowly started development popularization, its follow-up work is still more blank.Wherein, Layout problem of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment on road network is particularly critical, therefore needs proposition badly and a series of effective layout Scheme, to promote the practical application of road Vehicle Emissions Remote Sensing System, propulsion China telemetering motor vehicle tail industry is fast-developing, is The policy that the groupcontrol of environmental pollution region and nitrogen oxides total amount are reduced discharging provides strong technical support.

The content of the invention

Traditional remote sensing monitoring method can only be detected to wherein few Some vehicles, and the dispersion of each monitoring point, without real Existing systematization and integrated, does not make full use of connecting each other for each data of monitoring point, it is impossible to realize the supervision of higher level, be Relevant department provides decision-making foundation or suggestion.The technology of the present invention can overcome disadvantages mentioned above, real to play the excellent of tail gas remote-measuring equipment Gesture, realizes networking, the systematization of city management, there is provided a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points.

The technology of the present invention solution：A kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points, including based on road phase Cloth point module like property, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure and the cloth point module based on particular vehicle route；

Solve addressing of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment in city road network to layout problem, can be by road network topology, road The data of the existing detector number of information, weather information, transport information and region of layouting realize effective detection vehicle as input The target that number is maximum, vehicle detection distinctiveness is minimum and Route coverage is maximum, according to the difference of performance indications, is relevant departments Various addressing sensor distributings are provided, are set up an office using cloth of the addressing points distributing method to telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment in city road network Position is optimized, it can be ensured that the integrity of gathered data and multiformity, preferably serves follow-up data processing and analysis.

Based on the cloth point module of road similarity, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment cloth based on road similarity Realizing, taken into full account link characteristics, road surrounding environment and meteorological factor, extract wherein key property is carried out point methods Cluster, is clustered to the different sections of highway of city road network using the method for hierarchical clustering, can be by any number of tail gas remote measurement Equipment is optimized layouts；

Based on the cloth point module of road network topology structure, using a kind of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment cloth based on graph theory Put algorithm to realize, based on city road network topological structure, be aided with vehicle flowrate grade, the regional function information in city, based on figure Problem is modeled with Hypergraph Theory, the location problem of layouting of remote-measuring equipment is converted into into minimum and traverses problem, it is final to adopt Greedy algorithm solves the section set for laying tail gas remote-measuring equipment；

Based on the cloth point module of particular vehicle route, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail based on graph theory and Boolean algebra Realizing, the generaI investigation for urban mass-transit system tail gas carries out tail gas remote-measuring equipment addressing and layouts equipment points distributing method, first base In Hypergraph Theory, bus running route is converted into into bus routes hypergraph, then with the relative theory of Boolean algebra, determines tail Installation position of the gas remote-measuring equipment in city road network；

It is above-mentioned based on the cloth point module of road similarity, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure be based on particular vehicle The cloth point module of route can be used alone, also can be combined use, selection standard depend on input information number and policymaker To being laid in the functional requirement of the tail gas remote-measuring equipment of city road network；

In the case of Tail gas measuring information, information of vehicle flowrate on road, Weather information and road relevant information are all obtainable Using the cloth point module based on road similarity；In input information, only the topological structure comprising traffic network is readily available with some Transport information, including section affiliated area function, the grade of traffic flow and when whether having overline bridge, using being opened up based on road network Flutter the cloth point module of structure；Using based on particular vehicle road when needing to carry out the motor vehicles of buses this species key monitoring The cloth point module of line.

In the cloth point module based on road network topology structure, a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail based on road similarity sets Standby points distributing method, comprises the following steps：

Step one：Needed for collection, sample data simultaneously carries out pretreatment to sample data, and the required sample data refers to use Tail gas remote-measuring equipment obtains every section Tail gas measuring information interior for a period of time, information of vehicle flowrate on road, day in target road network Gas information and road relevant information；Data prediction includes that data cleansing, hough transformation and data convert three aspects；

Step 2：The sample data in step one after data prediction process is carried out using the method for hierarchical clustering Cluster analyses；Using Euclidean distance as the tolerance of clustering distance, each sample is classified as into a class first, is calculated per two Similarity between individual class, that is, sample distance is measured between any two with sample；Then wherein similarity degree highest Namely the minimum sample of distance is polymerized to a class, and circulating repetition similarity measurement simultaneously carries out the merging of nearest class, reduces one every time Class, is finally gone until all of sample gathers to an apoplexy due to endogenous wind, obtains cluster result；

Step 3：According to the cluster result in step 2, Cluster tendency is drawn, the visual result that each step is clustered It is displayed on Cluster tendency；

Step 4：Section to being investigated gives weight, represents the significance level in section and pays the utmost attention to degree, will appoint The cluster result of the tail gas remote-measuring equipment correspondence respective number of meaning number, finds comprising class number on Cluster tendency equal to right The cluster result of number is answered, the maximum section of each apoplexy due to endogenous wind weight is chosen and is laid tail gas remote-measuring equipment, finally give Arbitrary Digit The scheme layouted by purpose tail gas remote-measuring equipment.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity, the step one is concrete real It is now as follows：

(1) the sample data collection before clustering, using every section in target road network as a sample, obtains each sample This section Tail gas measuring information interior for a period of time, information of vehicle flowrate on road, Weather information and road relevant information；Wherein：

Tail gas measuring information, including data item have：Testing equipment is numbered, detection time, the number-plate number of detection, car Speed, vehicle acceleration, Vehicle length, CO2, CO, HC, NO concentration, smoke intensity value, capture pictures；

Information of vehicle flowrate on road, including data item have：Road name, time, station wagon, middle bus different type The vehicle flowrate of vehicle；

Weather information, including data item have：Time, city, weather conditions, temperature, humidity, wind speed, PM2.5, PM10, AQI；

Road relevant information, including data item have：Geographical position id, place province, place city, place street, even Connect mode, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height；

(2) sample data preprocessing part includes that data cleansing, hough transformation and data convert three aspects；Data are clear Wash, be exactly by the analysis to data, find out missing values, deviate excessive indivedual extremums and carry out discard processing；Hough transformation, The attribute to considered a problem uncorrelated, weak related or redundancy is deleted, merges same alike result, while constantly to association attributes Selection is modified, to reach required Clustering Effect；Data are converted, and the data after hough transformation are standardized place Reason, converts the appropriate format for ease of processing, to adapt to the needs of cluster analyses.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity, in the step 2, adopt Following steps are specifically included with the method for hierarchical clustering to processing the sample data for obtaining in step one and carrying out cluster analyses：

(1) each sample that process in step one is obtained in sample is classified as into a class, is calculated between each two class Similarity, the i.e. distance to sample with sample between any two are measured；Similarity between tolerance sample adopts euclidean Tolerance of the distance as clustering distance, Euclidean distance are as follows：

Wherein, d (i, j) represents Euclidean distance, and i and j is the specimen number of i-th sample and j-th sample, respectively Represent i-th section and j-th strip section, M₄The association attributes number chosen is represented, association attributes includes the dirt after attribute merging The total vehicle flowrate after thing total concentration, smoke intensity value, attribute merge, connected mode, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height is contaminated, X represents numerical value of the association attributes after standardization, x_i1Represent the 1st attribute of i-th sample, x_i2Represent i-th sample 2nd attribute,Represent the M of i-th sample₄Individual attribute, x_j1Represent the 1st attribute of j-th sample, x_j2Represent jth 2nd attribute of individual sample,Represent the M of j-th sample₄Individual attribute；

(2) similarity degree highest in step (1), namely two minimum samples of distance are polymerized to a class, it is assumed that for sample N₅With sample M₆, by sample N₅, M₆A new class is merged into, Cla is designated as₁={ N₅,M₆, new class Cla for producing₁Association attributes use Section N₅, M₆The average of correspondence attribute represents that the attribute of that is, new class is expressed as

Wherein, N₅And M₆For N₅Individual sample and M₆The specimen number of individual sample, M₄The association attributes number chosen is represented, X represents numerical value of the association attributes after standardization,Represent N₅1st attribute of individual sample,Represent N₅It is individual The M of sample₄Individual attribute,Represent M₆1st attribute of individual sample,Represent M₆The M of individual sample₄Individual category Property；

(3) new class and other classes obtain a N together₄The sample of -1 capacity, calculates all sample point each twos in sample Between similarity, i.e., distance between any two measured；Two samples for wherein causing distance minimum are polymerized to into a class, are remembered For Cla₂, new class Cla for producing₂The average of the corresponding attribute of two samples that includes of association attributes apoplexy due to endogenous wind represent；

(4) similarly, repeat the merging of similarity measurement and nearest class, reduce by a class every time, obtain new class successivelyThe number of last class is reduced to 1, and all of sample is gathered to an apoplexy due to endogenous wind to be gone, and obtains cluster result.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity, in the step 3, root Cluster tendency is drawn according to cluster process, and abscissa is the result for representing cluster for the first time at 1, and abscissa is second to be represented at 2 The result of secondary cluster, the like, the visual result that each step is clustered is included into that, on Cluster tendency, Cluster tendency fills Every a one-step process of cluster point is illustrated, to be allowed and recognize which section of each step is gathered for a class from visual aspect, it is each After step cluster terminates, which section inhomogeneous number includes respectively with these apoplexy due to endogenous wind.

It is in a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity, in the step 4, right The section investigated gives weight, after weight considers the implantation of device cost in the section, implantation of device complexity key element It is determined that, the bigger significance level for representing section of weight is bigger and to pay the utmost attention to degree higher；It is M that hypothesis is needed number₅'s Tail gas remote-measuring equipment is carried out, and it is M to find correspondence class number from Cluster tendency₅Cluster result, i.e. N₄-M₅After secondary cluster As a result, choose this M₅Tail gas remote-measuring equipment is laid in the maximum section of the weight of individual each class of apoplexy due to endogenous wind, finally gives to arbitrary number The scheme layouted of tail gas remote-measuring equipment.

In the cloth point module based on road network topology structure, a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment based on graph theory is layouted Method, comprises the following steps：

Step one：Urban road network is abstracted into into a directed graph according to topological structure and traffic flow direction, by traffic Road network information is abstracted into a data matrix, finds all oriented time in the directed graph using Depth Priority Algorithm Road；

Step 2：Using all sections as directed circuit hypergraph summit, all directed circuits are used as directed circuit hypergraph Super side, set up the directed circuit hypergraph of city road network, simplify the directed circuit hypergraph, obtain simple directed cycle hypergraph, build The weighting degree model on summit in vertical simple directed cycle hypergraph, finds the maximum summit of weighting degree in weighting degree model, using greedy Greedy algorithm is obtained the minimum of simple directed cycle hypergraph and is traversed, as the section of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment；Institute The degree that weighting degree refers to the summit of the simple directed cycle hypergraph for having merged traffic network information is stated, the simple directed cycle surpasses It is the minimum vertex set for referring to cover all sides of simple directed cycle hypergraph that the minimum of figure is traversed.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory, in the step one, by traffic road Net information is into a data matrix, as follows：

Wherein,Represent all sections of traffic network, M₇For section sum in road network；Table Show the information in section, including section affiliated area function, the grade of traffic flow, if having overline bridge；N₇For in points distributing method The road section information species for being utilized；R_ij, i=1,2 ..., M₇, j=1,2 ..., N₇It is concrete after representing road section information digitized Numerical value.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory, in the step one, using depth The process that first search algorithm finds all directed circuits in the directed graph is as follows：

(1) urban road network is abstracted into into a directed graph according to topological structure and traffic flow direction first, then will Directed graph is converted to line chart；

(2) initial vertax of the line chart from step (1), along line chart directed arc and different summits seek Directed walk is looked for, and next summit is reached until there is no directed arc, being judged whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if depositing Showing to detect a circle；

(3) a upper summit of directed walk in step (2) is return, continues to expand directed walk along other directed arcs, Next summit being reached until there is no directed arc, judging whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if existing, show detection Enclose to one；

(4) repeat step (3), until returning initial vertax；

(5) successively with other summits as initial vertax, repeat step (2) (3) (4), all circles of line chart be it is original to All directed circuits of figure.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory, the step 2 implement as Under：

(1) using all sections as directed circuit hypergraph summit, side of all directed circuits as directed circuit hypergraph, Set up the directed circuit hypergraph model of city road network；

(2) two sides of the directed circuit hypergraph set up in comparing (1) successively, judge whether inclusion relation, if depositing , then leave out that longer side in directed circuit hypergraph, and repeat this step to deleting the directed circuit hypergraph behind side, There is no inclusion relation while deleting any two of the directed circuit hypergraph after, that is, obtain simple directed cycle and surpass Figure；

(3) the weighting degree model on summit is set up in the simple directed cycle hypergraph that step (2) is obtained, and finds weighting degree mould The maximum summit of weighting degree in type, the minimum for obtaining simple directed cycle hypergraph using greedy algorithm are traversed.Greedy algorithm is asked Solution preocess is as follows：In simple directed cycle hypergraph, delete the summit of weighting degree maximum in weighting degree model and include the summit All sides, and repeat this step to deleting the simple directed cycle hypergraph behind summit and side, until simple directed cycle it is super Figure is sky, then the vertex set deleted is that the minimum of simple unidirectional circuit hypergraph is traversed, i.e. motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment Layout section.

It is in a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory, in the step 2, simple oriented In the hypergraph of loop, the mathematical expression of the weighting degree model on summit is as follows：

Wherein, D^*I () represents the weighting degree of simple directed cycle hypergraph summit i, R_ijFor traffic network data matrix model In element, i=1,2 ..., M₇, j=1,2 ..., N₇；r_jFor road section information, r₁The regional function belonging to section is represented, if Section is located at Polluted area, then r₁=0, otherwise r₁=1, r_jmaxRepresent r_jMaximum, w_atr,jRepresent the power of each road section information Value, meetsDeg (i) represents the degree of summit i in simple directed cycle hypergraph, deg_maxRepresent simple oriented time The maximum of the degree on all summits in the hypergraph of road.

It is in the cloth point module based on particular vehicle route, a kind of distant with the motor-vehicle tail-gas of Boolean algebra based on graph theory Measurement equipment points distributing method, comprises the following steps：

Step one：By buses travel route abstract for bus routes hypergraph；

Step 2：The all minimum of bus routes hypergraph is solved using Boolean algebra correlation theory and traverses collection；

Step 3：The minimum for solving bus routes hypergraph traverses collection, and the minimum is traversed collection and referred to and all minimum traverses collection Minimum one of middle radix is minimum to traverse collection, and minimum is traversed collection and refers to the set of minimum monitoring section in the present invention, that is, need laying The set in the section of tail gas remote-measuring equipment.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory with Boolean algebra, the step one has Body is realized as follows：

(1) based on the actual traffic route network in city, will be each section passed through in buses travel route abstract For hypergraph summit, vertex set is obtained；

(2) by buses vehicle line abstract for super side, super side is the subset of vertex set；

(3) set on all super sides is hypergraph, and by obtained by buses travel route, referred to as bus routes surpass hypergraph Figure.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory with Boolean algebra, the step 2 tool Body is realized as follows：

(1) Boolean variable χ is set to each summit in bus routes hypergraph_i, χ_iRepresent whether section i lays tail gas remote measurement and set It is standby, if χ_i=1 represents that this section needs to lay remote-measuring equipment；

(2) in bus routes hypergraph, each edge summit as contained by which carries out Boolean addition, and the boolean for obtaining each bar side extracts Formula, i.e.,：ψ_jThe section included in representing j-th strip public transport operation route；

(3) boolean's disjunction expression on all sides is carried out into Boolean multiplication, obtains the Boolean conjunction formula of bus routes hypergraph, i.e.,： Represent the entirety in section contained by all circuits in whole bus routes net, N_hyFor public transport Exceeded number in route hypergraph；

(4) abbreviation is arranged with Boolean calculation rule to the conjunction expression of gained, obtains most simple disjunction expression, i.e.,： Wherein each minor λ_tCorresponding vertex set is one of bus routes hypergraph and minimum traverses collection, all of λ_tConstitute bus routes The all minimum set for traversing collection of hypergraphThe section that expression is all intersected with every running route of buses is complete Body.

In a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory with Boolean algebra, step 3 is specifically real It is now as follows：

(1) each minimum radix for traversing collection, i.e., the number on contained summit are asked；

(2) determine that the minimum of radix minimum traverses collection, the minimum collection as minimum of traversing traverses collection, and minimum traverses concentration top The corresponding section of point is the section for needing to lay tail gas remote-measuring equipment, and the collection that these sections are constituted is combined into minimum monitoring section Set.

Present invention advantage compared with prior art：

(1) traditional remote sensing monitoring method can only be detected to wherein few Some vehicles, and the dispersion of each monitoring point, do not had Systematization and integrated is realized, connecting each other for each data of monitoring point is not made full use of, it is impossible to realize the supervision of higher level, Decision-making foundation or suggestion are provided for relevant department.The technology of the present invention can overcome disadvantages mentioned above, real performance tail gas remote-measuring equipment Advantage, realizes networking, the systematization of city management.

(2) a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points proposed by the present invention is included based on road similarity Cloth point module, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure and the cloth point module based on particular vehicle route, using different choosings Location points distributing method, is optimized for cloth of the different target to telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment in the city road network position that sets up an office, can Guarantee integrity and the multiformity of gathered data, can preferably serve follow-up data process＆analysis.

(3) a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity according to the present invention, will be limited Resource focus on the part of high value, realize the target of maximizing the benefits.Any number of tail gas remote-measuring equipment is carried out Optimization is laid and causes sensor distributing more flexible, on the one hand, avoids the idle waste with fund of equipment, can make distant per platform Measurement equipment is made the best use of everything；On the other hand, exhaust information as much as possible can be obtained to greatest extent and system-wide net tail gas is believed Breath is made prediction.

(4) a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory and Boolean algebra according to the present invention, special Safety pin designs tail gas remote-measuring equipment points distributing method to buses, theoretical by the cloth of tail gas remote-measuring equipment based on graph theory and Boolean algebra Point problem is converted into the minimum of bus routes hypergraph and traverses Solve problems, then obtains minimum and traverse i.e. with the method for Boolean calculation Sensor distributing is obtained, and algorithm is simple, it is more easy to operate.Present temporarily grinding without the points distributing method with buses as application background Study carefully, therefore the present invention has filled up technological gap of the prior art under the application background, with very big practice significance.

(5) a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory according to the present invention, the information of needs is more Transport information that is few, only make use of the topological structure of traffic network to be readily available with some, the vehicle flowrate grade in such as section, city Whether the regional function in city, section have overline bridge etc., you can obtain the section of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment；Pass through Traffic network data matrix is set up, the analog informations such as traffic data are converted into into digital information, be more convenient for analyzing, classify and locating Reason.

Description of the drawings

Composition frame charts of the Fig. 1 for present system；

Fig. 2 is the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method flow chart based on road similarity；

Fig. 3 is that the embodiment Cluster tendency of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity shows It is intended to；

Fig. 4 is the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method flow chart based on graph theory；

Fig. 5 is the traffic network directed graph of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory；

Fig. 6 is the traffic network directed circuit hypergraph of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory；

Fig. 7 is the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method flow chart based on graph theory with Boolean algebra；

Fig. 8 is minimum with the bus routes hypergraph of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of Boolean algebra based on graph theory Traverse, minimum traverses solution flow chart.

Specific embodiment

As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points, including based on road The cloth point module of similarity, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure and the cloth point module based on particular vehicle route；Three Module can be used alone, and also can be combined and uses, and solves addressing of the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment in city road network and layouts problem, Can be using the data of the existing detector number of road network topology, road information, weather information, transport information and region of layouting as defeated Enter, realize the target that effective detection vehicle number is maximum, vehicle detection distinctiveness is minimum and Route coverage is maximum, referred to according to performance Target is different, provides various addressing sensor distributings for relevant departments.Using addressing points distributing method, to telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment Cloth in the city road network position that sets up an office is optimized, it can be ensured that the integrity of gathered data and multiformity, preferably can serve Follow-up data process＆analysis；

Based on the cloth point module of road similarity, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment cloth based on road similarity Point methods have taken into full account link characteristics, road surrounding environment and meteorological factor, have extracted wherein key property and gathered realizing Class, is clustered to the different sections of highway of city road network using the method for hierarchical clustering, can be set any number of tail gas remote measurement Standby being optimized is layouted；

Based on the cloth point module of road network topology structure, using a kind of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment cloth based on graph theory Put algorithm to realize, based on city road network topological structure, be aided with vehicle flowrate grade, the regional function information in city, based on figure Problem is modeled with Hypergraph Theory, the location problem of layouting of remote-measuring equipment is converted into into minimum and traverses problem, it is final to adopt Greedy algorithm solves the section set for laying tail gas remote-measuring equipment；

Based on the cloth point module of particular vehicle route, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail based on graph theory and Boolean algebra Realizing, the generaI investigation for urban mass-transit system tail gas carries out tail gas remote-measuring equipment addressing and layouts equipment points distributing method, first base In Hypergraph Theory, bus running route is converted into into bus routes hypergraph, then with the relative theory of Boolean algebra, determines tail Installation position of the gas remote-measuring equipment in city road network；

Cloth point module based on road similarity be applied to Tail gas measuring information, information of vehicle flowrate on road, Weather information and Addressing sensor distributing design in the case of road relevant information is all obtainable, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure are suitable for In the input information transport information that only topological structure comprising traffic network is readily available with some, including section affiliated area work( , the grade of traffic flow and whether overline bridge can be had, be applicable to buses based on the cloth point module of particular vehicle route The motor vehicles of this species carry out addressing sensor distributing design during key monitoring.

Involved important technology above-mentioned to the present invention is described in detail separately below.

First, the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity according to the present invention, which implements Mode is as follows：

Embodiment chooses Hefei City somewhere road network concrete detection data interior for a period of time, and the road network includes section Number is N₄=10, obtain to be M by arbitrary number using cluster analyses₅Tail gas remote-measuring equipment be optimized the side of laying Case, as shown in Fig. 2 it is as follows to implement process.

Step one：Sample data needed for gathering before cluster simultaneously carries out pretreatment to sample data.Will be every in target road network Bar section obtains each sample section concrete Tail gas measuring information interior for a period of time as a sample, including data item Have：Testing equipment is numbered, detection time, the number-plate number of detection, speed, vehicle acceleration, Vehicle length, CO2, CO, HC, NO Concentration, smoke intensity value, capture pictures etc..Information of vehicle flowrate on road, including data item have：Road name, the time, station wagon, The vehicle flowrate of middle bus and other different type vehicles.Weather information, including data item have：Time, city, day are vaporous Condition, temperature, humidity, wind speed, PM2.5, PM10, AQI.Road relevant information, including data item have：Geographical position id, is located Province, place city, place street, connected mode, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height.

Data cleansing is carried out first, by the analysis to data, is found out missing values, is deviateed excessive indivedual extremums and carry out Discard processing, this step need to spend the more time.Then hough transformation is carried out, is deleted and considered a problem uncorrelated, weak phase Pass or the attribute (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, the number-plate number of detection, speed, vehicle acceleration) of redundancy, merge like attribute (vehicle flowrate of station wagon, middle bus and other different type vehicles merges into vehicle flowrate, and CO2, CO, HC, NO concentration merges For pollutant levels), finally have chosen wherein M₄(association attributes includes that the pollutant after attribute merging are total to=8 association attributeses Concentration, smoke intensity value, attribute merge after total vehicle flowrate, connected mode, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height).It is most laggard Row data are converted, and the data of not commensurate, varying number level are standardized.

Step 2：Hierarchical clustering analysis are carried out to processing the sample data for obtaining in step one using the method for hierarchical clustering Specifically include following steps：

(1) will process in step one and obtain each sample in sample and be classified as a class, altogether 10 classes, calculate per two Similarity between individual class, that is, sample point Euclidean distance between any two is calculated, obtain distance matrix as follows：

Wherein d represents Euclidean distance.

(2) choose element minimum in lower triangle below diagonal be d (3,6), section 3 and section 6 are merged into into one new Class, is designated as Cla₁={ 3,6 }, are recalculated using the association attributes in section 3 and section 6 and obtain new class Cla₁Attribute.

(3) new class and other classes are obtained a N together₄The sample of -1=9 capacity, calculates all sample points in new samples Distance between any two, wherein so that distance it is minimum for d (4,10), section 4 and section 10 are polymerized to into a class, Cla is designated as₂ ={ 4,10 }, the number of class are reduced to 9.Recalculated using the association attributes in section 4 and section 10 and obtain new class Cla₂'s Attribute.

(4) similarly, repeat similarity measurement and the merging apart from infima species, reduce by a class every time, can be successively Obtain new class Cla₃, Cla₄..., Cla₉, when the 9th step is clustered, the number of class is reduced to 1, and all of sample is gathered for a class, Obtain cluster result.Cluster result is as shown in the table：

Cluster step number	Clustering and selection	Cluster result
			1	3,6	1,2,4,5,7,8,9,10, { 3,6 }
2	4,10	1,2,5,7,8,9, { 3,6 }, { 4,10 }
			3	8,9	1,2,5,7,{8,9},{3,6},{4,10}
4	Cla2,Cla3	1,2,5,7,{3,6},{4,8,9,10}
			5	5,Cla4	1,2,7,{3,6},{4,5,8,9,10}
6	7,Cla5	1,2,{3,6},{4,5,7,8,9,10}
			7	1,2	{1,2},{3,6},{4,5,7,8,9,10}
8	Cla1,Cla7	{1,2,3,6},{4,5,7,8,9,10}
			9	Cla6,Cla8	{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

Step 3：Cluster tendency is drawn according to the cluster result in step 2, the visual result that each step is clustered It is displayed on Cluster tendency as shown in Figure 3.Abscissa is the result for representing for the first time cluster at 1, comprising 9 classes { 1 }, { 2 }, { 4 }, { 5 }, { 7 }, { 8 }, { 9 }, { 10 }, { 3,6 } }.Abscissa is the result for representing second cluster at 2, comprising 8 classes { { 1 }, { 2 }, { 5 }, { 7 }, { 8 }, { 9 }, { 4,10 }, { 3,6 } }, the like.

Step 4：Section to being investigated gives weight, represents the significance level in section and pays the utmost attention to degree, weight Determine after considering the key elements such as implantation of device cost, the implantation of device complexity in the section.1 weight of section is 4, section 2, 3,4 weights are 3, and 5,6 weight of section is 2, and 7,8,9,10 weight of section is 1.It is M that hypothesis is needed number₅=3 tail gas remote measurement Implantation of device finds the cluster result that correspondence class number is 3, i.e., the knot after the 7th time cluster from Cluster tendency in the road network Fruit is { { 1,2 }, { 3,6 }, { 4,5,7,8,9,10 } }, chooses maximum section { 1,3, the 4 } cloth of the weight of this 3 apoplexy due to endogenous wind each classes If tail gas remote-measuring equipment, it is the section 3 in section 1 to finally give to the scheme layouted by tail gas remote-measuring equipment, cloth on section 4 Point.

2nd, the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory according to the present invention, its specific implementation is such as Under：

As shown in figure 4, the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory according to the present invention is implemented It is as follows：

Step one：Urban road network is abstracted into into a directed graph according to topological structure and traffic flow direction, is wherein had To the intersection of the vertex representation road network of figure, the directed arc of directed graph represents an one direction section of road network, directed arc Direction is determined by the traffic flow direction in the section.

By traffic network information into a M₇×N₇Data matrix, it is as follows：

Wherein,Represent all sections of traffic network, M₇For section sum in road network；Table Show the information in section, such as section affiliated area function, the grade of traffic flow, if having overline bridge etc., N₇For in points distributing method The road section information species for being utilized；R_ij(i=1,2 ..., M₇, j=1,2 ..., N₇) represent the tool after road section information digitized Body numerical value.Method for digitizing is as follows：If section is located at the Polluted areas such as factory, r₁=0, otherwise r₁=1；Section wagon flow Amount grade can be divided into L₇Individual grade, uses 1,2 ..., L₇Represent vehicle flowrate from low to high；Whether section has overline bridge, is indicated with 1 Overline bridge, 0 indicates without overline bridge etc..

Then all directed circuits in traffic network directed graph are found using Depth Priority Algorithm, due to oriented time The searching algorithm on road is more complicated, and the algorithm of directed cycle is easily achieved, therefore directed circuit in traffic network directed graph is searched Rope is converted to the search of directed cycle in its line chart.Line chart is also a directed graph, and the arc of its vertex representation original directed graph, in line chart In two summits are adjacent and if only if former directed graph, corresponding two arcs are adjacent.The line chart D of digraph D^*Represent, if D's has To arc set it isD^*Vertex set be thenWherein v_i=a_i, i=1,2 ..., M₇。 In D^*The process of middle search directed cycle is as follows：

1st, with v₁For initial vertax, directed walk is found along different summitsUntil from top PointThere is no directed arc and reach next summit.

2nd, check whether there is directed arcIf existing, judge path whether more than setting value L₈.In this way, table It is bright to detect a coil and be designated as P₁。

3rd, returnContinuing to expand directed walk along other directed arcs, reaching next until there is no directed arc Individual summit.Judge whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if existing, judge path whether more than setting value L₈.Such as It is to show that detecting a coil is designated as P₂。

4th, return toRepeat step 3 is until returning to v₁。

5th, successively withFor initial vertax, repeat step 1,2,3,4.

So far have found D^*In all length be more than setting value L₈Directed cycleWherein M₈For The sum of directed cycle, and in D directed circuit sum.It should be noted that in order to avoid repeating, i.e., containing q summit A certain directed cycle is detected repeatedly q time, with v_iNeed not be accessed when circle is looked for for initial vertax vertex v_j(j≤i)。

Step 2:Set up the directed circuit hypergraph model I=(χ of city road network_atr, F), wherein χ_atrIt is the summit of hypergraph I Set, each element therein represent a section, and F is the super line set of hypergraph I, and each super side represents a directed circuit. Hypergraph I=(χ_atr, F) if being that and if only if for simple hypergraphThen i=j.Due to being built by the directed circuit of actual traffic road network Mould and come hypergraph may not be simple hypergraph, carry out first simplifying directed circuit hypergraph I=(χ_atr, F) operation, process is such as Under：

1st, i=1, F '=F are made.

2nd, j=i+1 is made, judges F_iWhether F is contained in_j, in this way, by F '-F_jIt is attached to F '；Otherwise judge F_jWhether F is contained in_i, such as It is, by F '-F_iIt is attached to F '.

3rd, j increases by 1, repeats second step until j=| F |.

4th, i increases by 1, repeats second step and the 3rd step until i=| F | -1.

In directed circuit hypergraph after then looking for simplifying, the maximum summit of weighting degree, obtains this using greedy algorithm simple The minimum of hypergraph is traversed, as the section set of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment.Wherein, simple directed cycle hypergraph The mathematical expression of the weighting degree on middle summit is as follows：

Wherein, D^*I () represents the weighting degree of summit i in simple directed cycle hypergraph, R_ij(i=1,2 ..., M₁, j=1, 2,…,N₇) for the element in traffic network data matrix model, r_j(j=1,2,3 ..., N₇) be road section information, r₁Represent section Affiliated regional function, if section is located at the Polluted areas such as factory, r₁=0, otherwise r₁=1, r_jmaxRepresent r_j(j=1,2, 3,…,N₇) maximum, w_atr,j(j=1,2 ..., N₇) weights of each road section information are represented, meet Deg (i) represents the degree of summit i in simple directed cycle hypergraph, deg_maxRepresent the degree on all summits in simple directed cycle hypergraph Maximum.

What the minimum for solving the simple hypergraph using greedy algorithm was traversed concretely comprises the following steps：

1st, makeT_rFor empty set.

2nd, create an empty summit t_i, the summit for having maximum weighting degree in searching is assigned to t_i.By t_iIt is added to set T_rIn.

3rd, i increases by 1, order figureFor deleting selected summit and the figure on all sides comprising the summitRepeat step 2 UntilFor empty set when terminate.Then set T_rThe minimum of as directed circuit hypergraph is traversed, that is, motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring The section of layouting of equipment.

For convenience of description, a simply example is chosen here introduce the motor-vehicle tail-gas based on graph theory according to the present invention The detailed process of remote-measuring equipment points distributing method.Fig. 5 is the abstract digraph D of certain urban parts traffic network=(V, A), is handed over Path net is modeled as the method for directed graph：By the intersection vertex representation in traffic network, the section in traffic network Represented with directed arc, section here refers to the single section in traffic flow direction, and the road modeling of a two way is into two sides To contrary directed arc.Directed graph shown in Fig. 5 includes 7 summits, and 11 directed arcs are provided with to arc set A={ a₁, a₂,…,a₁₁}.Wherein, 7 intersections in 7 vertex representation actual traffic road networks, 11 directed arcs represent actual traffic 11 sections in road network, here arc a₁,a₂,a₃,a₈,a₁₁Represent the section of 5 one-way traffics, arc a₄And a₅, a₆And a₇And a₉ And a₁₀The road of three two ways is represented, the sensing of directed arc represents wagon flow direction.Exist to turn to wherein at summit 3 and limit, I.e. from a₃Turn to a₆Do not allow.Traffic network data matrix is set up according to road section information, it is as follows：

Wherein r₁The regional function belonging to section is represented, if section is located at the Polluted areas such as factory, r₁=0, otherwise r₁ =1；r₂Section vehicle flowrate grade is represented, is divided into 5 grades, is used 1,2 ..., 5 represent vehicle flowrate from low to high；r₃Represent that section is It is no to have overline bridge, overline bridge is indicated with 1,0 indicates without overline bridge.

Then all directed circuits in traffic network directed graph are found using Depth Priority Algorithm, due to oriented time The searching algorithm on road is more complicated, and the algorithm of directed cycle is easily achieved, therefore directed circuit in traffic network directed graph is searched Rope is converted to the search of directed cycle in its line chart.Line chart is also a directed graph, and the arc of its vertex representation original directed graph, in line chart In two summits are adjacent and if only if former directed graph, corresponding two arcs are adjacent.The line chart D of digraph D^*Represent, then D^*Top Point set is combined into { v₁,v₂,…,v₁₁, wherein v_i=a_i, i=1,2 ..., 11.In D^*The process of middle search directed cycle is as follows：

1st, with v₁For initial vertax, directed walk is found along different summitsUntil from top PointThere is no directed arc and reach next summit.

2nd, check whether there is directed arcIf existing, judge path whether more than setting value L₈=2.Such as It is to show that detecting a coil is designated as P₁。

3rd, returnContinuing to expand directed walk along other directed arcs, reaching next until there is no directed arc Individual summit.Judge whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if existing, judge path whether more than setting value L₂.Such as It is to show that detecting a coil is designated as P₂。

4th, return toRepeat step 3 is until returning to v₁。

5th, successively withFor initial vertax, repeat step 1,2,3,4.

So far have found D^*In all length be more than setting value L₈=2 directed cycle

P₁={ a₄,a₁₀,a₉,a₅}

P₂={ a₄,a₁₀,a₇,a₆,a₉,a₅}

P₃={ a₄,a₁₀,a₇,a₂,a₁}

P₄={ a₄,a₁₀,a₇,a₆,a₁₁,a₈,a₃,a₂,a₁}

P₅={ a₄,a₁₀,a₁₁,a₈,a₃,a₂,a₁}

P₆={ a₆,a₉,a₁₀,a₇}

It should be noted that in order to avoid repeating, i.e., a certain directed cycle containing q summit is detected repeatedly q time, with v_iNeed not be accessed when circle is looked for for initial vertax vertex v_j(j≤i)。

Then set up the directed circuit hypergraph model I=(χ of city road network_atr, F), wherein χ_atrIt is the vertex set of hypergraph I Close, each element therein represents a section, and F is the super line set of hypergraph I, and each super side represents one in city road network Directed circuit, i.e. F_i=P_i, i=1,2 .., 6, as shown in Figure 6.Simplify hypergraph I：

1st, i=1, F '=F are made.

2nd, j=i+1 is made, judges F_iWhether F is contained in_j, in this way, by F '-F_jIt is attached to F '；Otherwise judge F_jWhether F is contained in_i, such as It is, by F '-F_iIt is attached to F '.

3rd, j increases by 1, repeats second step until j=| F |.

4th, i increases by 1, repeats second step and the 3rd step until i=| F | -1.

In the present embodiment, the directed circuit hypergraph I '=(χ after simplifying_atr,F′^.), wherein F '=F- { F₂,F₄}.Then The maximum summit of weighting degree in the directed circuit hypergraph after simplifying is found, and the minimum for the simple hypergraph being obtained using greedy algorithm is horizontal Pass through, as the section set of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment.In example of the present invention, the weighting degree of directed circuit hypergraph Mathematical expression it is as follows：

Wherein, D^*I () represents the weighting degree of summit i, R_ij(i=1,2 ..., 11, j=1,2,3) it is traffic network data square Element in battle array, r_jmax(j=1,2,3) represent r_j(j=1,2, maximum 3), λ_j(j=1,2,3) represent each road information Weights, weights are defined as λ according to the reference value and significance level of each road section information₁=0.4, λ₂=0.4, λ₃=0.2, meetDeg (i) represents the degree of summit i, deg_maxRepresent the maximum of the degree on all summits.

The minimum that I ' is solved using greedy algorithm is traversed：

1st, makeT_rFor empty set.

2nd, create an empty summit t_r,i, the summit for having maximum weighting degree in searching is assigned to t_r,i.By t_r,iIt is added to Set T_rIn.

3rd, i increases by 1, order figureFor deleting selected summit and the figure on all sides comprising the summitRepeat step 2 UntilFor empty set when terminate.Then set T_rThe minimum of as directed circuit hypergraph is traversed, that is, motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring The section of layouting of equipment.

In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method embodiment based on graph theory according to the present invention, finally obtain Set T_r={ a₄,a₉, the as section set of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment.

In a word, the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory according to the present invention is more feasible, and compares In existing urban road network traffic road network motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment points distributing method, the information that the present invention needs is less, The transport information that only make use of the topological structure of traffic network to be readily available with some, the vehicle flowrate grade in such as section, city Regional function, whether section has overline bridge etc., and by transport information digitized, is more convenient for analyzing, classify and processing, to city City's motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment layout problem research there is provided new thinking and method.

3rd, the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory and Boolean algebra according to the present invention, which is concrete Implementation is as follows：

The public transport tailstock is monitored with real-time high-efficiency based on telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of the graph theory with Boolean algebra Gas emission behaviour is target, according to graph theory and Boolean algebra correlation theory, carries out mathematical modeling and solution, and then studies motor vehicles Laying problem of the tail gas remote-measuring equipment in urban road network.

As shown in fig. 7, being embodied as step based on the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of graph theory and Boolean algebra It is rapid as follows：

(1) by buses travel route abstract for bus routes hypergraph.

There is the definition of following hypergraph in graph theory：

IfIt is a finite aggregate, thenOn a hypergraphIt is A finite subset cluster on finger so that (1) F_rou,i≠ φ (i=1,2 ..., N) (2)WhereinIt is super FigureI-th summit, common M_vIndividual summit,For vertex set；F_rou,iFor hypergraphI-th surpass side, common N_hyIndividual super side, φ represents empty set,For super line set, that is, hypergraph.

With reference to urban road network, by each section passed through in buses vehicle line abstract for hypergraph summit, by whole piece Circuit is abstract for super side, obtains bus routes hypergraph.

The definition that hypergraph is traversed in graph theory is：

IfIt isOn a hypergraph, if vertex subsetMeet T_r∩ F_rou,i≠ φ (i=1,2 ..., N_hy), i.e. T_rWithEach edge all intersects, then claim T_rIt is hypergraphOne traverse (collect).

If any one proper subclass traversed is not traversed, it is called minimum to traverse collection that this traverses.It is all The minimum minimum collection that traverses for concentrating radix minimum that traverses is that minimum traverses collection.

Traverse based on more than, it is minimum traverse, the definition traversed of minimum, by it is public bus network abstract for hypergraph model after, tail gas The problem of layouting of remote-measuring equipment is just converted into asks the minimum of bus routes hypergraph to traverse collection problem.

(2) the minimum of bus routes hypergraph is asked to traverse collection.

On the basis of first two steps, the minimum of bus routes hypergraph is asked to traverse with Boolean algebra correlation theory.Introduce first Boolean algebra correlation theory.

The value of Boolean variable only has 0, and 1 two kinds of situations represent the " Boolean addition (logic in Boolean algebra with "+" and " " Or) " and " Boolean multiplication (logical AND) ", also referred to as " to extract " and " conjunction ", the expression formula containing only Boolean addition is referred to as disjunction expression, Expression formula containing only Boolean multiplication is referred to as conjunction expression.

It is described below and seeks bus routes hypergraphAll minimum concrete steps for traversing collection：

IfIt is vertex setOn a bus routes hypergraph, by public transport garage Sail route abstract and obtain.In hypergraph, summit isSuper side is F_rou,j(j=1,2 ..., N_hy)。

Use in the present inventionRepresent bus routes hypergraph, hypergraphA summitPass through in representing bus routes One section；One super side F of hypergraph_rou,jRepresent a bus running circuit.

1. to each summitIf Boolean variable χ_iCorrespond to therewith, χ_iRepresent whether section i lays remote exhaust emission monitoring and set It is standby, if χ_i=1 represents that this section needs to lay monitoring device.

2. to bus routes hypergraphEvery a line In summitBoolean addition computing is carried out, each edge F is obtained_rou,jCorresponding boolean's disjunction expression ψ_jThe section included in representing j-th strip public transport operation route；

3. the bus routes hypergraph for obtaining 2. is walked toIn all sides boolean disjunction expression ψ_jBoolean multiplication computing is carried out, Obtain whole bus routes hypergraphBoolean conjunction formula： Represent whole public bus network The entirety in section contained by all circuits in net；4. it is right First launched using boolean's distributive law, then abbreviation is carried out with associative law, commutative law, idempotent law, finally Obtain most simple disjunction expression：Wherein λ_tCorresponding vertex set is bus routes hypergraphOne minimum traverse collection, all λ_tConstitute bus routes hypergraphIt is all minimum traverse collection,Represent and buses Every all intersecting section of working line is all.

(3) minimum of bus routes hypergraph is asked to traverse collection.

All minimum radixes for traversing collection in hypergraph are traversed in comparison, and the minimum minimum collection that traverses of radix is that minimum traverses collection, I.e. minimum monitoring section set, is the section for needing to lay motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment in practice.

Fig. 8 is that the minimum collection, minimum of traversing of bus routes hypergraph traverses the flow chart that collection is solved.First, it is super to bus routes In figure, each summit sets Boolean variable, and variate-value takes 0 or 1, represents that the section of summit representative will be laid Tail gas measuring and be set when taking 1 It is standby；Then, to each edge in bus routes hypergraph, the summit according to contained by the side carries out Boolean addition computing, obtain corresponding to Boolean's disjunction expression of each edge；Then boolean's disjunction expression on all super sides is carried out into Boolean multiplication computing, obtains whole public transport road The Boolean conjunction formula of line hypergraph；Abbreviation is arranged to the conjunction expression of gained with the property of Boolean calculation afterwards, most simple extracting is obtained Formula, wherein each minor represent one of hypergraph and minimum traverse collection；Finally compare each minimum radix for traversing collection, i.e., contained unit The number of element, takes minimum minimum of radix and traverses integrate and traverse collection as minimum, and the section corresponding to the minimum element for traversing concentration is i.e. For needing to lay the section of tail gas remote-measuring equipment, and then the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment based on graph theory with Boolean algebra is obtained Sensor distributing.

Compared to existing monitor sensor distributing, the motor-vehicle tail-gas based on graph theory and Boolean algebra according to the present invention Remote-measuring equipment points distributing method is specifically designed for urban mass-transit system, more unique, and derivation algorithm simply easily realizes that operability is more By force.

The ultimate principle and major function of the present invention has been shown and described above.It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, The present invention is not limited by examples detailed above, and the description in examples detailed above and description merely illustrates the principles of the invention, and is not taking off On the premise of spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within will Ask in the invention scope of protection.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent thereof.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points, it is characterised in that：Including layouting based on road similarity Module, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure and the cloth point module based on particular vehicle route；

Based on the cloth point module of road similarity, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment side of layouting based on road similarity Method taken into full account link characteristics, road surrounding environment and meteorological factor, extracted wherein key property and clustered realizing, The different sections of highway of city road network is clustered using the method for hierarchical clustering, any number of tail gas remote-measuring equipment can be entered Row Optimizing；

Based on the cloth point module of road network topology structure, counted using a kind of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment cloth based on graph theory Method based on city road network topological structure, is aided with vehicle flowrate grade realizing, the regional function information in city, based on figure with it is super Figure theory is modeled to problem, the location problem of layouting of remote-measuring equipment is converted into minimum and traverses problem, final using greedy Algorithm for Solving goes out to lay the section set of tail gas remote-measuring equipment；

Based on the cloth point module of particular vehicle route, using a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment based on graph theory and Boolean algebra Realizing, the generaI investigation for urban mass-transit system tail gas carries out tail gas remote-measuring equipment addressing and layouts points distributing method, is primarily based on super Figure is theoretical, bus running route is converted into bus routes hypergraph, then with the relative theory of Boolean algebra, determines that tail gas is distant Installation position of the measurement equipment in city road network；

It is above-mentioned based on the cloth point module of road similarity, the cloth point module based on road network topology structure be based on particular vehicle route Cloth point module can be used alone, also can be combined use, selection standard depend on input information number and policymaker to cloth Located at the functional requirement of the tail gas remote-measuring equipment of city road network；

Adopt in the case where Tail gas measuring information, information of vehicle flowrate on road, Weather information and road relevant information are required for obtaining With the cloth point module based on road similarity；Input information only the topological structure comprising traffic network and some be readily available Transport information, including section affiliated area function, the grade of traffic flow and when whether having overline bridge, using based on road network topology The cloth point module of structure；Using based on particular vehicle route when needing to carry out the motor vehicles of buses this species key monitoring Cloth point module.

2. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described based on road In the cloth point module of net topology structure, a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on road similarity, including with Lower step：

Step one：Needed for collection, sample data simultaneously carries out pretreatment to sample data, and the required sample data is referred to uses tail gas Remote-measuring equipment obtains every section Tail gas measuring information interior for a period of time, information of vehicle flowrate on road, weather letter in target road network Breath and road relevant information；Data prediction includes that data cleansing, hough transformation and data convert three aspects；

Step 2：The sample data in step one after data prediction process is clustered using the method for hierarchical clustering Analysis；Using Euclidean distance as the tolerance of clustering distance, each sample is classified as into a class first, calculates each two class Between similarity, that is, sample distance is measured between any two with sample；Then wherein similarity degree highest also It is that the minimum sample of distance is polymerized to a class, circulating repetition similarity measurement simultaneously carries out the merging of nearest class, reduces by a class every time, most Gone until all of sample gathers to an apoplexy due to endogenous wind afterwards, obtain cluster result；

Step 3：According to the cluster result in step 2, Cluster tendency is drawn, the display of the visual result that each step is clustered On Cluster tendency；

Step 4：Section to being investigated gives weight, represents the significance level in section and pays the utmost attention to degree, by Arbitrary Digit The cluster result of purpose tail gas remote-measuring equipment correspondence respective number, finds on Cluster tendency and is equal to correspondence number comprising class number Purpose cluster result, chooses the maximum section of each apoplexy due to endogenous wind weight and lays tail gas remote-measuring equipment, and finally giving will be any number of The scheme layouted by tail gas remote-measuring equipment.

3. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：A kind of base In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of road similarity, the step one is implemented as follows：

(1) the sample data collection before clustering, using every section in target road network as a sample, obtains each sample arm Tail gas measuring information, information of vehicle flowrate on road, Weather information and road relevant information in section a period of time；Wherein：

Tail gas measuring information, including data item have：Testing equipment is numbered, detection time, the number-plate number of detection, speed, car Acceleration, Vehicle length, CO2, CO, HC, NO concentration, smoke intensity value, capture pictures；

Information of vehicle flowrate on road, including data item have：Road name, time, station wagon, middle bus different type vehicle Vehicle flowrate；

Weather information, including data item have：Time, city, weather conditions, temperature, humidity, wind speed, PM2.5, PM10, AQI；

Road relevant information, including data item have：Geographical position id, place province, place city, place street, connection side Formula, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height；

(2) sample data preprocessing part includes that data cleansing, hough transformation and data convert three aspects；Data cleansing, just It is by the analysis to data, finds out missing values, deviates excessive indivedual extremums and carry out discard processing；Hough transformation, deletes To the attribute of considered a problem uncorrelated, weak related or redundancy, merge same alike result, while the constantly selection to association attributes Modify, to reach required Clustering Effect；Data are converted, and the data after hough transformation are standardized, and are turned The appropriate format for being easy to process is turned to, to adapt to the needs of cluster analyses.

4. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：A kind of base In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of road similarity, in the step 2, using the method pair of hierarchical clustering The sample data for obtaining is processed in step one carry out cluster analyses specifically include following steps：

(1) each sample that process in step one is obtained in sample is classified as into a class, calculates similar between each two class Degree, i.e., the distance to sample with sample between any two is measured；Similarity between tolerance sample adopts Euclidean distance Used as the tolerance of clustering distance, Euclidean distance is as follows：

$d(i,j)=\sqrt[2]{{(x_{i1}-x_{j1})}^2+{(x_{i2}-x_{j2})}^2+\mathrm{...}+{(x_{{\mathrm{iM}}_1}-x_{{\mathrm{jM}}_4})}^2}$

Wherein, d (i, j) represents Euclidean distance, and i and j is the specimen number of i-th sample and j-th sample, is represented respectively I-th section and j-th strip section, M₄The association attributes number chosen is represented, association attributes includes the pollutant after attribute merging Total concentration, smoke intensity value, attribute merge after total vehicle flowrate, connected mode, roadside tree and grass coverage, building average height, x represents Numerical value of the association attributes after standardization, x_i1Represent the 1st attribute of i-th sample, x_i2Represent the 2nd of i-th sample Attribute,Represent the M of i-th sample₄Individual attribute, x_j1Represent the 1st attribute of j-th sample, x_j2Represent j-th sample The 2nd attribute,Represent the M of j-th sample₄Individual attribute；

(2) similarity degree highest in step (1), namely two minimum samples of distance are polymerized to a class, it is assumed that for sample N₅With Sample M₆, by sample N₅, M₆A new class is merged into, Cla is designated as₁={ N₅,M₆, new class Cla for producing₁Association attributes section N₅, M₆The average of correspondence attribute represents that the attribute of that is, new class is expressed as

Wherein, N₅And M₆For N₅Individual sample and M₆The specimen number of individual sample, M₄Represent the association attributes number chosen, x tables Show numerical value of the association attributes after standardization,Represent N₅1st attribute of individual sample,Represent N₅Individual sample M₄Individual attribute,Represent M₆1st attribute of individual sample,Represent M₆The M of individual sample₄Individual attribute；

(3) new class and other classes obtain a N together₄The sample of -1 capacity, in calculating sample between all sample point each twos Similarity, i.e., distance between any two are measured；Two samples for wherein causing distance minimum are polymerized to into a class, are designated as Cla₂, new class Cla for producing₂The average of the corresponding attribute of two samples that includes of association attributes apoplexy due to endogenous wind represent；

(4) similarly, repeat the merging of similarity measurement and nearest class, reduce by a class every time, obtain new class successivelyThe number of last class is reduced to 1, and all of sample is gathered to an apoplexy due to endogenous wind to be gone, and obtains cluster result.

5. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：A kind of base In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of road similarity, in the step 3, drawn according to cluster process and clustered Pedigree diagram, abscissa are the result for representing cluster for the first time at 1, and abscissa is the result for representing second cluster at 2, successively class Push away, by including on Cluster tendency for the visual result of each step cluster, Cluster tendency fully illustrates each of cluster Step process, to allow and recognize which section of each step is gathered for a class from visual aspect, and each step cluster terminates rear inhomogeneity Number and these apoplexy due to endogenous wind respectively include which section.

6. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is a kind of to be based on road In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of road similarity, in the step 4, the section to being investigated gives weight, power Determine after considering the implantation of device cost in the section, implantation of device complexity key element again, weight is bigger to represent section Significance level is bigger and to pay the utmost attention to degree higher；It is M that hypothesis is needed number₅Tail gas remote-measuring equipment carry out, from cluster It is M that pedigree diagram finds correspondence class number₅Cluster result, i.e. N₄-M₅Result after secondary cluster, chooses this M₅Individual apoplexy due to endogenous wind each Tail gas remote-measuring equipment is laid in the maximum section of the weight of class, finally gives what any number of tail gas remote-measuring equipment was layouted Scheme.

7. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described based on road In the cloth point module of net topology structure, a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory is comprised the following steps：

Step one：Urban road network is abstracted into into a directed graph according to topological structure and traffic flow direction, by traffic network Information finds all directed circuits in the directed graph into a data matrix using Depth Priority Algorithm；

Step 2：Using all sections as directed circuit hypergraph summit, all directed circuits are super as directed circuit hypergraph Side, sets up the directed circuit hypergraph of city road network, simplifies the directed circuit hypergraph, obtains simple directed cycle hypergraph, sets up letter The weighting degree model on summit in single directed circuit hypergraph, finds the maximum summit of weighting degree in weighting degree model, using greedy calculation Method is obtained the minimum of simple directed cycle hypergraph and is traversed, as the section of layouting of motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment；It is described to add Measures and weights refers to the degree on the summit of the simple directed cycle hypergraph for having merged traffic network information, the simple directed cycle hypergraph It is the minimum vertex set for referring to cover all sides of simple directed cycle hypergraph that minimum is traversed.

8. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：A kind of base In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of graph theory, in the step one, by traffic network information into a number It is according to matrix, as follows：

Wherein,Represent all sections of traffic network, M₇For section sum in road network；Represent road The information of section, including section affiliated area function, the grade of traffic flow, if having overline bridge；N₇By in points distributing method profit Road section information species；R_ij, i=1,2 ..., M₇, j=1,2 ..., N₇Concrete number after representing road section information digitized Value.

9. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：A kind of base In the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of graph theory, in the step one, institute is found using Depth Priority Algorithm The process for stating all directed circuits in directed graph is as follows：

(1) urban road network is abstracted into into a directed graph according to topological structure and traffic flow direction first, then will be oriented Figure is converted to line chart；

(2) initial vertax of the line chart from step (1), along line chart directed arc and different summit find and have To path, next summit is reached until there is no directed arc, judging whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if existing, Show to detect a circle；

(3) a upper summit of directed walk in step (2) is return, continues to expand directed walk along other directed arcs, until There is no directed arc and reach next summit, judge whether that directed arc returns to initial vertax, if existing, show to detect one Individual circle；

(4) repeat step (3), until returning initial vertax；

(5) successively with other summits as initial vertax, repeat step (2) (3) (4), all circles of line chart are former directed graph All directed circuits.

10. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described one kind In based on the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of graph theory, the step 2 is implemented as follows：

(1) using all sections as directed circuit hypergraph summit, side of all directed circuits as directed circuit hypergraph, set up The directed circuit hypergraph model of city road network；

(2) two sides of the directed circuit hypergraph set up in comparing (1) successively, judge whether inclusion relation, if existing, Leave out that longer side in directed circuit hypergraph, and repeat this step to deleting the directed circuit hypergraph behind side, until There is no inclusion relation when delete directed circuit hypergraph after any two, that is, obtain simple directed cycle hypergraph；

(3) the weighting degree model on summit is set up in the simple directed cycle hypergraph that step (2) is obtained, and is found in weighting degree model The maximum summit of weighting degree, the minimum for obtaining simple directed cycle hypergraph using greedy algorithm are traversed.The solution of greedy algorithm Journey is as follows：In simple directed cycle hypergraph, the maximum summit of weighting degree and the institute comprising the summit in weighting degree model is deleted There is side, and repeat this step to deleting summit and the simple directed cycle hypergraph behind side, until simple directed cycle hypergraph is Sky, the then vertex set deleted be that the minimum of simple unidirectional circuit hypergraph is traversed, i.e. motor-vehicle tail-gas remote sensing monitoring equipment is layouted Section.

11. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described one kind In based on the telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of graph theory, in the step 2, summit in simple directed cycle hypergraph The mathematical expression of weighting degree model is as follows：

$D^{*}\left(i\right)=R_{i1}\left(w_{atr,1}\frac{\mathrm{deg}\left(i\right)}{{\mathrm{deg}}_{\max }}+\underset{j=2}{\overset{N_7}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_{atr,j}\frac{R_{ij}}{r_{j\max }}\right),i=1,2,\mathrm{...},M_7$

Wherein, D^*I () represents the weighting degree of simple directed cycle hypergraph summit i, R_ijFor in traffic network data matrix model Element, i=1,2 ..., M₇, j=1,2 ..., N₇；r_jFor road section information, r₁The regional function belonging to section is represented, if section position In Polluted area, then r₁=0, otherwise r₁=1, r_jmaxRepresent r_jMaximum, w_atr,jThe weights of each road section information are represented, is metDeg (i) represents the degree of summit i in simple directed cycle hypergraph, deg_maxRepresent simple directed cycle hypergraph In all summits degree maximum.

12. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to be based on In the cloth point module of particular vehicle route, a kind of telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method based on graph theory and Boolean algebra, Comprise the following steps：

Step one：By buses travel route abstract for bus routes hypergraph；

Step 2：The all minimum of bus routes hypergraph is solved using Boolean algebra correlation theory and traverses collection；

Step 3：The minimum for solving bus routes hypergraph traverses collection, and the minimum is traversed collection and referred to and all minimum traverses concentration base Minimum one of number is minimum to traverse collection, and minimum is traversed collection and refers to the set of minimum monitoring section in the present invention, that is, need laying tail gas The set in the section of remote-measuring equipment.

13. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：Described one kind In based on telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of the graph theory with Boolean algebra, the step one is implemented as follows：

(1) based on the actual traffic route network in city, by it is each section passed through in buses travel route abstract be super Figure summit, obtains vertex set；

(2) by buses vehicle line abstract for super side, super side is the subset of vertex set；

(3) set on all super sides is hypergraph, hypergraph by obtained by buses travel route, referred to as bus routes hypergraph.

14. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：Described one kind In based on telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of the graph theory with Boolean algebra, the step 2 is implemented as follows：

(1) Boolean variable χ is set to each summit in bus routes hypergraph_i, χ_iRepresent whether section i lays tail gas remote-measuring equipment, if χ_i=1 represents that this section needs to lay remote-measuring equipment；

(2) in bus routes hypergraph, each edge summit as contained by which carries out Boolean addition, obtains boolean's disjunction expression on each bar side, I.e.：ψ_jThe section included in representing j-th strip public transport operation route；

(3) boolean's disjunction expression on all sides is carried out into Boolean multiplication, obtains the Boolean conjunction formula of bus routes hypergraph, i.e.,： Represent the entirety in section contained by all circuits in whole bus routes net, N_hyFor public transport Exceeded number in route hypergraph；

(4) abbreviation is arranged with Boolean calculation rule to the conjunction expression of gained, obtains most simple disjunction expression, i.e.,： Wherein each minor λ_tCorresponding vertex set be one of bus routes hypergraph it is minimum traverse collection, All of λ_tConstitute all minimum set for traversing collection of bus routes hypergraphRepresent and transport per bar with buses The all intersecting section of walking along the street line is all.

15. telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment complex system for arranging gravity points according to claim 12, it is characterised in that：Described one kind In based on telemetering motor vehicle tail equipment points distributing method of the graph theory with Boolean algebra, step 3 is implemented as follows：

(1) each minimum radix for traversing collection, i.e., the number on contained summit are asked；

(2) determine that the minimum of radix minimum traverses collection, the minimum collection as minimum of traversing traverses collection, and minimum traverses concentration summit institute Corresponding section is the section for needing to lay tail gas remote-measuring equipment, and the collection that these sections are constituted is combined into minimum monitoring section collection Close.