CN106526533B - A kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106526533B CN106526533B CN201611025627.8A CN201611025627A CN106526533B CN 106526533 B CN106526533 B CN 106526533B CN 201611025627 A CN201611025627 A CN 201611025627A CN 106526533 B CN106526533 B CN 106526533B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- G01S3/802—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/803—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from receiving transducers or transducer systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/20—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor and its application method, including sequentially connected MEMS acoustic array, acoustical signal preprocessor, microcontroller and microprocessor, the MEMS acoustic array includes multiple equally distributed MEMS microphones that are centrosymmetric；The acoustical signal preprocessor includes multichannel and the MEMS microphone filter to connect one to one and the multichannel gain adjustment module being separately connected with each filter；The microcontroller includes AD conversion module interconnected and anti-false-alarm module；The microprocessor includes sequentially connected module of target detection, signal enhancing module, Classification and Identification module and DOA estimation module.Sensor of the invention is low in energy consumption, small in size, light-weight.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field acoustic target detection identification field more particularly to a kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor and
Its application method.
Background technique
In field acoustic target detection identification field, microphone plays always important role, in specific application, again
Single0element microphone and polynary acoustic array can be divided into complete the tasks such as target detection, parameter Estimation and identification classification.Polynary acoustic matrix
Column Detection Techniques are the important means of hydrospace detection, have formd special subject.For field target, commonly used acoustic array
Or distributed network Detection Techniques, the detection principle of the two be it is identical, by spatial distribution microphone detect echo signal field
Distribution and its with the variation that target moves, to obtain target acquisition ability more farther than single microphone, have accurate
Target positioning, tracking and recognition capability etc. also can be at data fusions so as to promote effect of the microphone in system application
Reason provides more accurate target information.
Currently, it is by traditional mechanical manufacturing technology system that the microphone array for being applied to field acoustic target field of detecting, which uses,
Electret-type microphone made of making, the bad power consumption height for causing sensor of mechanical manufacturing technology low precision, stability, volume
Greatly, weight is high.In this case, the microminaturization design of acoustic array is difficult to realize, and is worked under the complex environment of field
Shi Xingneng is poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of low in energy consumption, small in size, light-weight micropore diameter MEMS
Acoustic matrix sensor and its application method, to realize the monitoring to field target.
To achieve the goals above, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor, including successively
MEMS acoustic array, acoustical signal preprocessor, microcontroller and the microprocessor of connection, wherein
The MEMS acoustic array includes multiple equally distributed MEMS microphones that are centrosymmetric；
The acoustical signal preprocessor includes filter, the Yi Jiyu that multichannel and the MEMS microphone connect one to one
The multichannel gain adjustment module that each filter is separately connected；
The microcontroller includes AD conversion module interconnected and anti-false-alarm module；
The microprocessor includes sequentially connected module of target detection, signal enhancing module, Classification and Identification module and DOA
Estimation module.
Further, the microcontroller further include: be connected to the AD conversion module and the multichannel gain adjustment
Gain control module between module.
Further, the microcontroller further include: be connected between the AD conversion module and the anti-false-alarm module
Environment self-adaption module.
Preferably, the MEMS microphone is rounded is uniformly distributed.
Further, the sensor includes a signal processing circuit board, the gain adjustment module, microcontroller and micro-
Processor is arranged on the signal processing circuit board；
Further, the sensor includes the array element circuit board that muti-piece is connect with the signal-processing board, each described
The filter that a MEMS microphone is set on array element circuit board and is correspondingly connected with the MEMS microphone.
Preferably, FFC connector, the signal-processing board are equipped on the signal-processing board and the array element circuit board
It is connect between the FFC connector on the array element circuit board by flexible flat cable.
Preferably, the signal-processing board and the array element circuit board are located in same level.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of target monitoring method using micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor above-mentioned,
The following steps are included:
Step S1 starts the MEMS microphone, acoustical signal preprocessor and microcontroller, closes the microprocessor,
Into mode on duty；
Step S2 acquires acoustical signal by the MEMS microphone and the acoustical signal is converted to electric signal output；
Step S3, is filtered and gain by electric signal of the acoustical signal preprocessor to each microphone output
Adjusting processing；
Step S4, will be filtered by the microcontroller and gain adjustment treated that analog signal is converted into digital letter
Number, sub-frame processing then is carried out to the digital signal after conversion and calculates a Characteristic Ratios, then according to this feature ratio
Whether there is suspected target appearance with a preset anti-false-alarm threshold decision, if it is determined that there is suspected target appearance, then starts micro process
Device, into activation pattern；
Step S5 carries out object detection process by the microprocessor, if having detected mesh according to the digital signal
It marks now, then successively executes category attribute and side that signal enhancing processing, Classification and Identification processing and DOA estimation processing obtain target
To information, otherwise, notifies the microcontroller to close the microprocessor, return to mode on duty.
Further, the step S4 further include: the microcontroller determines next week according to the digital signal after conversion
The gain value of phase multichannel gain adjustment module.
Further, the step S4 further include: the microcontroller obtains background according to the digital signal after conversion and makes an uproar
Sound situation of change, and adjust according to the ambient noise situation of change preset value of the anti-false-alarm threshold value.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) present invention employs the design of " double-core " structure of microcontroller and microprocessor, microcontroller is low in energy consumption, peripheral hardware
Rich interface, the control of achievable each section built-up circuit and the lower algorithm of implementation complexity；Microprocessor computing resource is rich
Richness compensates for microcontroller computing capability deficiency, is exclusively used in the operation higher Underwater Acoustic channels algorithm of complexity.
(2) using the design of " double-core " structure of microcontroller and microprocessor, periphery circuit design is simplified, meanwhile, it adopts
Traditional electret-type microphone is replaced with the MEMS microphone of micropore diameter, so that inventive sensor overall dimensions reduce, it can
It is encapsulated in the structural member of a volume very little, field carries and lay convenience, good concealment.
(3) low in energy consumption due to MEMS microphone, and the present invention devises on duty and activation both of which, so that this hair
The overall power of bright sensor reduces.
(4) environment self-adaption module is provided in microcontroller, so that the adaptive capacity to environment of inventive sensor is stronger.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic layout pattern of MEMS microphone in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the hardware structural diagram of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is working condition transition diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the present invention includes sequentially connected MEMS acoustic array, acoustical signal
Preprocessor, microcontroller 4 and microprocessor 5.Wherein, MEMS acoustic array includes that N (N >=4) a be centrosymmetric is uniformly distributed
MEMS microphone 1, each MEMS microphone 1 for acquire acoustical signal and by acoustical signal be converted to electric signal output.It is shown in Fig. 2
Embodiment in, MEMS microphone 1 is preferably circumferentially distributed, and in order to meet miniaturization, the diameter of circumference is more preferably less than 100mm.
Acoustical signal preprocessor includes the filter 2 that the road N connects one to one with MEMS microphone 1 and connects respectively with each filter 2
The multichannel gain adjustment module 3 connect, filter 2 are filtered to the electric signal exported to corresponding MEMS microphone 1, gain
Adjustment module 3 carries out gain adjustment processing to filtered each road electric signal, realizes that acoustical signal becomes within the scope of 0~60dB of gain
Change, signal bandwidth is not less than 8kHz.Microcontroller 4 includes AD conversion module, gain control module, environment self-adaption module and resists
False-alarm module, wherein AD conversion module is used for gain adjustment treated electric signal is converted into digital signal output；Gain control
Molding block is used to determine that the gain of next period multichannel gain adjustment module 3 takes according to the digital signal that AD conversion module exports
Value；The digital signal acquisition ambient noise situation of change that environment self-adaption module is used to be exported according to AD conversion module, and according to
Ambient noise situation of change adjusts the preset value of anti-false-alarm threshold value；Anti- false-alarm module carries out at framing the digital signal after conversion
Whether reason, is then computed and obtains Characteristic Ratios, and had according to Characteristic Ratios and aforementioned preset anti-false-alarm threshold decision doubtful
Target then starts microprocessor 5 if it is determined that there is suspected target, into activation operating mode.Microprocessor 5 includes target detection
Module, signal enhancing module, Classification and Identification module and DOA estimation module, wherein module of target detection is used for according to AD conversion mould
The digital signal of block output judges whether there is target appearance；After module of target detection, which is determined with target, to be occurred, signal enhancing mould
Block is used to be promoted the signal-to-noise ratio of digital signal；Then Classification and Identification module according to letter device than promoted after signal spectrum signature into
Row Classification and Identification, obtains target type；Last DOA estimation module carries out DOA estimation to signal, and then realizes the prison to target
Control.It should be noted that above-mentioned gain control module, environment self-adaption module, anti-false-alarm module, module of target detection, signal
Enhancing module, Classification and Identification module and DOA estimation module can be used existing algorithm and realize that details are not described herein.Wherein, resist
The algorithm that false-alarm module and module of target detection use respectively corresponds bibliography [Guo F, Huang J, Zhang X, et
al.A Two-Stage Detection Method for Moving Targets in the Wild Based on
Microphone Array [J] .IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015,15 (10): 5795-5803.] in the first order inspection
Method of determining and calculating and second level detection algorithm；The algorithm that signal enhancing module and Classification and Identification module use sees reference document [Huang
J,Zhang X,Guo F,et al.Design of an Acoustic Target Classification System
Based on Small-Aperture Microphone Array[J].IEEE Transactions on
Instrumentation&Measurement,2015,64(7):2035-2043.]；The algorithm that DOA estimation module uses is shown in ginseng
Examine document [Feng G, Liu H, Huang J, et al.Design of a Direction-of-Arrival Estimation
Method Used for an Automatic Bearing Tracking System[J].Sensors,2016,16(8).]。
Fig. 3 shows the hardware embodiment of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the present invention, includes in hardware design
One block signal processing board 6 and array element circuit board 7 four identical pieces of, signal-processing board 6 are the plectanes that diameter is about 40mm~80mm
(being also possible to the comparable other centrically symmetric shapes of area), array element circuit board 7 is the square plate that size is about 12mm ﹡ 10mm
(being also possible to the comparable other centrically symmetric shapes of area).Wherein, signal-processing board 6 is equipped with gain adjustment module 3, micro-control
Device 4 and microprocessor 5 processed, signal-processing board 6 are equipped with MEMS microphone 1 and filter 2, and each MEMS microphone 1 is located at
The geometric center of corresponding array element circuit board 7, and be in using the geometric center of signal-processing board 6 as on the circumference in the center of circle.It is executing
When the target monitoring task of field, in order to avoid tilting band carrys out DOA evaluated error, array element circuit board 7 and signal-processing board 6 should be located at
In same level.
In addition, FFC connector is equipped on signal-processing board 6 and array element circuit board 7, the FFC connection on signal-processing board 6
Device is denoted as 8, and the FFC connector on array element circuit board 7 is not indicated since size is less than normal.Signal-processing board 6 and each array element
It is connected between FFC connector on circuit board 7 by flexible flat cable 9.
In view of limited energy in field work environment, micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the present invention is divided at work
On duty and activation both of which, in mode on duty, the power supply of microcontroller 4 is closed；In activation pattern, microcontroller 4
Power supply opening.As shown in figure 4, it is in mode on duty for a long time when not occurring target, when judgement has suspected target to occur,
It is transferred to activation pattern and is transferred to mode on duty, again after confirmation is left without target or target to realize the optimum use of the energy.
The micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of the invention outer method for carrying out target monitoring out of office is as follows:
Step S1, starting MEMS microphone 1, acoustical signal preprocessor and microcontroller 4, closes microprocessor 5, into function
Consume lower mode on duty；
Step S2 acquires acoustical signal by MEMS microphone 1 and the acoustical signal is converted to electric signal output；
Step S3, by the electric signal that acoustical signal preprocessor exports each microphone 1 be filtered and gain adjustment at
Reason adjusts the electric signal to a suitable signal amplitude range；
Step S4, by microcontroller 4 carry out corresponding A/D conversion process, gain control processing, environment self-adaption processing and
The processing of anti-false-alarm, specifically includes: by gain adjustment, treated that electric signal is converted into digital signal output, and according to conversion after
Digital signal determines the gain value of next period multichannel gain adjustment module 3, is then obtained according to the digital signal after conversion
Take ambient noise situation of change and adjust the preset value of anti-false-alarm threshold value according to ambient noise situation of change, finally to conversion after
Digital signal carries out sub-frame processing, Characteristic Ratios is then calculated, and according to Characteristic Ratios and aforementioned preset anti-false-alarm threshold
Value judges whether there is suspected target, if it is determined that there is suspected target, then starts microprocessor 5；
Step S5, by microprocessor 5 carry out respective objects detection processing, signal enhancing processing, Classification and Identification processing and
DOA estimation processing, detailed process: judging whether there is target according to the digital signal after conversion by module of target detection and occur,
If having detected target appearance, follow-up signal processing is executed, otherwise, notice microcontroller 4 closes the power supply of microprocessor 5；When
After module of target detection determines that target occurs, pass through the signal-to-noise ratio of signal enhancing module raises digital signal；Then pass through classification
Spectrum signature of the identification module according to letter device than the signal after being promoted carries out Classification and Identification, obtains target type；Finally by DOA
Estimation module carries out DOA estimation to signal, and then realizes and target is continuously tracked.
It records above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the range being not intended to limit the invention, of the invention is upper
Stating embodiment can also make a variety of changes.Made by i.e. all claims applied according to the present invention and description
Simply, equivalent changes and modifications fall within the claims of the invention patent.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor, which is characterized in that pre- including sequentially connected MEMS acoustic array, acoustical signal
Processor, microcontroller and microprocessor, wherein
The MEMS acoustic array includes multiple equally distributed MEMS microphones that are centrosymmetric；
The acoustical signal preprocessor includes multichannel and the MEMS microphone connects one to one filter and with each filter
The multichannel gain adjustment module that wave device is separately connected；
The microcontroller includes AD conversion module interconnected and anti-false-alarm module, is connected to the AD conversion module and institute
It states the gain control module between multichannel gain adjustment module and is connected to the AD conversion module and the anti-false-alarm mould
Environment self-adaption module between block；The digital signal that environment self-adaption module is used to be exported according to AD conversion module obtains background
Noise situation of change, and adjust according to ambient noise situation of change the preset value of anti-false-alarm threshold value；
Anti- false-alarm module carries out sub-frame processing to the digital signal after conversion, is computed and obtains Characteristic Ratios, and according to aspect ratio
Whether value and preset anti-false-alarm threshold decision have suspected target, if it is determined that there is suspected target, then start microprocessor, into swash
Operating mode living；
The microprocessor includes sequentially connected module of target detection, signal enhancing module, Classification and Identification module and DOA estimation
Module；
The sensor further includes a signal processing circuit board, the gain adjustment module, microcontroller and microprocessor setting
On the signal processing circuit board；
Start MEMS microphone, acoustical signal preprocessor and microcontroller, microprocessor is closed, into mode on duty；In micro-control
When device processed is determined with suspected target and occurs, then start microprocessor, into activation pattern；
The sensor further includes the array element circuit board that muti-piece is connect with the signal-processing board, on each array element circuit board
The filter that one MEMS microphone is set and is correspondingly connected with the MEMS microphone；Each MEMS microphone distinguishes position
In the geometric center of corresponding array element circuit board, and it is in using the geometric center of signal-processing board as on the circumference in the center of circle；
Wherein, be equipped with FFC connector on the signal-processing board and the array element circuit board, the signal-processing board with it is described
It is connected between FFC connector on array element circuit board by flexible flat cable.
2. micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the MEMS microphone is in circle
Shape is uniformly distributed.
3. micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal-processing board and institute
Array element circuit board is stated to be located in same level.
4. a kind of target monitoring method using the micropore diameter MEMS acoustic matrix sensor of any of claims 1-3,
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1 starts the MEMS microphone, acoustical signal preprocessor and microcontroller, closes the microprocessor, enters
Mode on duty；
Step S2 acquires acoustical signal by the MEMS microphone and the acoustical signal is converted to electric signal output；
Step S3, is filtered and gain adjustment by electric signal of the acoustical signal preprocessor to each microphone output
Processing；
Step S4, will be filtered by the microcontroller and gain adjustment treated that analog signal is converted into digital signal, so
Sub-frame processing is carried out to the digital signal after conversion afterwards and calculates to obtain a Characteristic Ratios, it is then default according to this feature ratio and one
Anti- false-alarm threshold decision whether have suspected target appearance, if it is determined that there is suspected target appearance, then start microprocessor, into swash
Mode living；
Step S5 carries out object detection process by the microprocessor according to the digital signal, if having detected, target goes out
It is existing, then successively execute category attribute and direction letter that signal enhancing processing, Classification and Identification processing and DOA estimation processing obtain target
Otherwise breath notifies the microcontroller to close the microprocessor, returns to mode on duty.
5. target monitoring method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step S4 further include: the microcontroller
Device determines the gain value of next period multichannel gain adjustment module according to the digital signal after conversion.
6. target monitoring method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step S4 further include: the microcontroller
Device obtains ambient noise situation of change according to the digital signal after conversion, and according to ambient noise situation of change adjusting
The preset value of anti-false-alarm threshold value.
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| CN108490384B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2024-08-02 | 深圳海岸语音技术有限公司 | Small-sized space sound source azimuth detection device and method thereof |
| CN110221561A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-10 | 国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of power grid acoustic array wireless sensor based on MEMS technology |
| CN113447044A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-28 | 上海工程技术大学 | Method for setting array type inertia measurement experiment system with symmetrical structure |
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