CN106522790B - 家用防火木门 - Google Patents

家用防火木门 Download PDF

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CN106522790B
CN106522790B CN201610990638.3A CN201610990638A CN106522790B CN 106522790 B CN106522790 B CN 106522790B CN 201610990638 A CN201610990638 A CN 201610990638A CN 106522790 B CN106522790 B CN 106522790B
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door body
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CN106522790A (zh
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刘侃
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Jiangsu Yihong Qigong Security Technology Co., Ltd.
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Chongqing Ofan Door Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/161—Profile members therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C08K13/04—Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
    • C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
    • C08K7/26—Silicon- containing compounds
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D143/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D143/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/02—Base frames, i.e. template frames for openings in walls or the like, provided with means for securing a further rigidly-mounted frame; Special adaptations of frames to be fixed therein
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/72—Door leaves consisting of frame and panels, e.g. of raised panel type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/321—Phosphates
    • C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
    • C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7042—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels with a fire retardant layer

Abstract

本发明涉及建筑门窗领域，尤其涉及一种家用防火木门，包括：门框，门框嵌入墙体内，门框的表面上均匀设有第一盲孔，第一盲孔内填充有填充料，门框的表面设有固定框，固定框与门框固定连接；门体，门体为矩形的金属框，门体的侧面均匀设有第二盲孔，第二盲孔内填充有填充料，门体的侧面设有固定条，固定条与门体固定连接，门体上设有竖梁，竖梁的两端与门体之间榫卯连接，竖梁与门体之间均匀设有横梁，横梁的两端分别与竖梁和门体榫卯连接，横梁和竖梁在门体上形成栅格。本发明针对现有的防火门效果不好、不便于家庭使用的技术问题，提供一种家用防火木门。

Description

家用防火木门
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑门窗领域，尤其涉及一种家用防火木门。
背景技术
防火门是建筑物防火分隔的措施之一，通常用在防火墙上、楼梯间出入口或管井开口部位，要求能隔烟、火。防火门对防止烟、火的扩散和蔓延、减少损失起重要作用。根据建筑设计防火规范，防火门定为甲、乙、丙三级，并对其最低耐火极限作了规定，即甲级1.20h，乙级0.90h，丙级0.60h。防火门一般在以下部位使用：1.设在高层建筑内的自动灭火系统的设备室、空调机房；2.地下室内存放可燃物平均重量超过30kg/㎡的房间的门应采用甲级防火门；3.锅炉房、变压器室、柴油发电机房(等危险性较大的房间)；十八层及十八层以下每个单元设有一座通向屋顶的疏散楼梯，单元之间的楼梯通过屋顶连通，单元与单元之间设有防火墙，户门为甲级防火门。
目前在防火安全门的生产过程中，都是直接用珍珠岩成品板放置在防火门板中，由于珍珠岩板模具的限制，故规格大小不容易改变，而门体尺寸是根据客户的要求制作，两者在配合上无法统一，需要花费大量的时间在裁切珍珠岩板上。现在市面上有通过在防火门内填充具有防火功能的填充料，以达到防火效果，但是在实际测试中，在门体结构受到损害后，填充料容易整体流出，即填充料与门体直接脱离，导致防火效果并不好。
并且，现在的人们对家庭防火安全也十分重视，但是现在市面上的防火门较为厚重，不便于家庭使用。
发明内容
本发明针对现有的防火门效果不好、不便于家庭使用的技术问题，提供一种家用防火木门。
本方案中的家用防火木门，包括：
门框，门框嵌入墙体内，门框的表面上均匀设有第一盲孔，第一盲孔内填充有填充料，门框的表面设有固定框，固定框与门框固定连接；
门体，门体为矩形的金属框，门体的侧面均匀设有第二盲孔，第二盲孔内填充有填充料，门体的侧面设有固定条，固定条与门体固定连接，门体上设有竖梁，竖梁的两端与门体之间榫卯连接，竖梁与门体之间均匀设有横梁，横梁的两端分别与竖梁和门体榫卯连接，横梁和竖梁在门体上形成栅格，栅格内均设有玄武岩纤维材质的收纳网，收纳网内均填充有填充料；
门板，门板夹持在收纳网的两侧，横梁和竖梁上均设有供门板边缘嵌入的定位槽，门板嵌入定位槽内；
门体与门框合页连接，填充料由膨胀蛭石、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、珍珠岩以及明矾制成。
本发明具有如下优点：门框上的第一盲孔可容纳填充料，固定框将填充料压在门框内，在受灾时，门框内的填充料受热会膨胀，将固定框压缩，让固定框发生形变，门框内的填充料涌出，填充在门框和门体之间的缝隙，防止火灾中的有毒的烟雾冲缝隙处扩散。
门体内的竖梁和横梁形成多个栅格，栅格之间可以用来容纳填充料，栅格内的填充料在受热后，门体表面被点燃，失去承重结构后，竖梁和横梁对填充料还能起到支撑作用，收纳网能够对填充料起到固定作用，继续防火，不会像整块的珍珠岩板一样，直接从门体内滑出。
本发明具有良好的抗火性能，在预加荷载的情况下，能在火灾现场坚持110min才出现明显变形，具有更优异的抗火性能。本发明在火灾现场烟雾释放较少，利于保证用户安全。本发明的重量明显轻于现有的防火门，更加便于家庭使用。本发明在火灾实验中，第一盲孔和第二盲孔内的填充料受热膨胀，将门体与门框之间的间隙，避免火灾发生时的有毒烟雾进入，尽量保证使用者的安全。
进一步，填充料中各原料的重量份数比为，膨胀蛭石5、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34以及明矾1。填充料中的各原料混合后，在火灾中，能够达到较好的防火效果。
进一步，门板上涂有防火涂料。防火涂料能够提升门板表面的抗火性能，在火灾中，能够延长门板的着火时间。
进一步，防火涂料由硅丙乳液、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、珍珠岩以及膨胀蛭石制成。这种成分的防火涂料能够达到较好的防火效果。
进一步，第一盲孔和第二盲孔交错排列。交错排列能够让第一盲孔和第二盲孔内的填充料相互交错排列，能够对门缝更好的密封。
进一步，固定框与门框螺纹连接。螺纹连接的方式更方便拆卸。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
实施例1
家用防火木门，包括：
门框，门框嵌入墙体内，门框的表面上均匀设有第一盲孔，第一盲孔内填充有填充料，门框的表面设有固定框，固定框与门框螺纹连接；
门体，门体为矩形的金属框，门体的侧面均匀设有第二盲孔，第二盲孔内填充有填充料，门体的侧面设有固定条，固定条与门体固定连接，门体上设有竖梁，竖梁的两端与门体之间榫卯连接，竖梁与门体之间均匀设有横梁，横梁的两端分别与竖梁和门体榫卯连接，横梁和竖梁在门体上形成栅格，栅格内均设有玄武岩纤维材质的收纳网，收纳网内均填充有填充料；
门板，门板夹持在收纳网的两侧，横梁和竖梁上均设有供门板边缘嵌入的定位槽，门板嵌入定位槽内；
门体与门框合页连接；
填充料中各组分的重量份数比为，膨胀蛭石5、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34、明矾1。
对比例1-4
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，填充料中各组分的重量份数比分别为膨胀蛭石2、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34、明矾1。
对比例5
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，未添加填充料。
对比例6
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，填充料中未添加聚磷酸铵。
对比例7
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，填充料中未添加季戊四醇。
对比例8
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，填充料中未添加三聚氰胺。
对比例9
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，填充料中各组分的重量份数比为，膨胀蛭石10、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34、明矾1。
对比例10
为市面上能够买到防火门，本次选用的是潍坊鑫瑞达门业有限公司生产的防火门。
实施例2
与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，门板上涂有主要成分为，硅丙乳液、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、珍珠岩以及膨胀蛭石的防火涂料。
实施例3
与实施例2相比，不同之处在于，防火涂料的制作方法为，聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石以及适量蒸馏水依次加入搅拌罐，采用高速搅拌机以1000转/min转速持续搅拌30min，制得涂料浆体；之后往涂料浆体中加入硅丙乳液以400转/min转速持续搅拌30min，制得防火涂料。
本实验是在同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点试验室中进行的，将实施例1-3和对比例1-10放入抗火试验室垂直结构构件抗火试验炉中进行检测，试验炉的尺寸为：4.5m*3.6m*3m，可以进行各类家具、构件的抗火实验。本发明在火灾现场会因为墙体的形变量与本发明的形变量不同以及本发明自身重力，会对本发明施加荷载。在本次实验中，本发明的载荷采用千斤顶来施加，其液压加载系统为自动控制，可按照预定加载模式控制加载过程，能自动保载。
在实验时，炉内按ISO-834标准火灾升温曲线升温。实验采用恒载升温的方式，实验前先进行一次预加载，以使本发明进入正常工作状态，然后在常温下分6级等比例加载至本发明的工作荷载，本次实验中拟定的工作荷载为1kN，持荷5min后点火升温，直至试件出现明显变形，实验结束。
本次实验的实验结果从以下几个方面考虑：1、时长；2、试件的质量损失；3、试件的炭化体积；4、火焰传播比值；5、炭层初始分解温度。
选用时长作为实验的参考结果是因为防火门的评价指标中明确指出了。
选用试件的质量损失作为实验的参考结果是因为试件的质量关系到燃烧效率，损失越小，防火效果越好。
试件的炭化体积、火焰传播比值和炭层初始分解温度均是评价阻燃性能的重要指标。
表1,记录的是试件在整个实验中关于以上评价指标的情况
表1
实验中，烟密度测试根据GB/T 8627-2007进行测试，测试结果如表2所示。在250s的持续时间中，烟密度测试。
表2
平均光吸收率 最高光吸收率
实施例1 5.36％ 7.98％
对比例1 19.34％ 17.36％
对比例2 17.69％ 15.66％
对比例3 15.68％ 13.21％
对比例4 12.22％ 10.41％
对比例5 18.59％ 22.36％
对比例6 9.69％ 11.86％
对比例7 10.37％ 13.01％
对比例8 8.97％ 7.44％
对比例9 5.41％ 7.95％
对比例10 6.34％ 8.59％
实施例2 5.26％ 7.78％
实施例3 5.21％ 7.77％
表3为实施例和对比例的重量比值。
表3
结合表1、表2和表3的数据对比：
通过实施例1与对比例1-4对比发现，填充料中各组分的重量份数比为，膨胀蛭石5、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34、明矾1时，抗火性能较好。
通过实施例1与对比例9对比发现，膨胀蛭石的重量份数比超过5后，抗火效果没有明显提升。
通过实施例1与对比例5对比发现，本发明具有优异的抗火性能。
通过实施例1与对比例6-8对比发现，缺少某一组分均对本发明的抗火性能有明显影响。
通过实施例1与实施例2对比发现，在木板上涂抹防火涂料能略微提升抗火性能。
通过实施例2与实施例3对比发现，本发明提供的防火涂料的加工方法能够略微提升抗火性能。
通过实施例1-3与对比例1-8对比发现，膨胀蛭石的重量份数比为5时，实验中的烟雾有明显下降。
通过实施例1-3与对比例9对比发现，膨胀蛭石的重量份数比超过5后，实验中的烟雾没有明显变化。
通过实施例1与对比例10对比发现，本发明的抗火性能优于现有家用防火门。
因此得出如下结论：
1.本发明具有良好的抗火性能，在预加荷载的情况下，能在火灾现在坚持110min才出现明显变形；
2.本发明在火灾现场烟雾释放较少，利于保证用户安全。
3.本发明的重量明显轻于现有的防火门。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准，说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (5)

1.家用防火木门，包括：门框，门框嵌入墙体内，门框的表面上均匀设有第一盲孔，第一盲孔内填充有填充料，门框的表面设有固定框，固定框与门框固定连接；其特征在于，还包括：门体，门体为矩形的金属框，门体的侧面均匀设有第二盲孔，第二盲孔内填充有填充料，第一盲孔和第二盲孔交错排列，门体的侧面设有固定条，固定条与门体固定连接，门体上设有竖梁，竖梁的两端与门体之间榫卯连接，竖梁与门体之间均匀设有横梁，横梁的两端分别与竖梁和门体榫卯连接，横梁和竖梁在门体上形成栅格；门板，栅格内均设有玄武岩纤维材质的收纳网，收纳网内均填充有填充料，门板夹持在收纳网的两侧，横梁和竖梁上均设有供门板边缘嵌入的定位槽，门板嵌入定位槽内；门体与门框合页连接，填充料的成分为膨胀蛭石、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、珍珠岩和明矾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的家用防火木门，其特征在于：填充料中各原料的重量份数比为，膨胀蛭石5、聚磷酸铵20、季戊四醇20、三聚氰胺20、珍珠岩34、明矾1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的家用防火木门，其特征在于：门板上涂有防火涂料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的家用防火木门，其特征在于：防火涂料由硅丙乳液、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、珍珠岩以及膨胀蛭石组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的家用防火木门，其特征在于：固定框与门框螺纹连接。
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