CN106521358B - 一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法,属于高强水电钢生产技术领域。通过坯料选择;冶炼工艺,冶炼后钢中成品S≤0.005%,RH真空处理后,钢中氢≤1.5ppm,N≤45ppm,O≤20ppm;坯型设计,坯料400*2000*L,压缩比3.33;钢坏加热工艺,加热温度为1200~1240℃,轧制工艺;水冷工艺,开冷740~800℃,终冷610~650℃,冷速5~7℃/S;淬火工艺及回火工艺完成。优点在于:实现了大型水电机组厚钢材屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、性能均满足要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高强水电钢生产技术领域,特别涉及一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法。尤其涉及一种厚度80~120mm特厚高强水电钢的生产方法。
背景技术
近些年,随着国家能源结构的转型,水资源作为一种可再生能源有广阔的发展前景。我国水资源丰富,水力发电作为一种清洁能源正飞速发展。目前我国已建成抽水蓄能电站装机容量达到1091万千瓦,占全国总装机容量的1.35%,而一般工业国家抽水蓄能装机占比约在5%~10%。现国内抽水蓄能电站建设明显加速,在建规模达到约1400万千瓦,拟建和可行性研究阶段的抽水蓄能电站规划规模分别达到1500万千瓦和2000万千瓦,预计2020年我国抽水蓄能电站总装机容量将达到约6000万千瓦,钢材需求量约40万吨。
随着国家特大型水电站的建设,800MPa级高强水电钢逐渐占据设计主导,且钢材需求量呈逐渐增加趋势。800MPa高强电钢板主要用于水电站的引水管道系统,包括钢管、钢岔管和蜗壳,以及水电机组等相关设备。特别是大型水电机组对钢材要求最大厚度达到120mm,性能要求满足低碳当量、低地裂纹敏感性,-30℃厚度1/2冲击>100J。因此,800MPa级别80~120mm特厚高强水电钢开发及应用,是中厚板产品研发的一个新课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法,解决了生产高抗拉强度、特厚规格并满足低碳当量、低地裂纹敏感性,且具有优良冲击韧性的特厚规格高强水电钢的问题。
一种抗拉强度800MPa的水电钢,其化学成分质量百分比为,C:0.06~0.09%,Si:≤0.15%,Mn:0.95~1.05%,P≤0.012%,S:≤0.005%,Nb:0.010~0.020%,V:0.040~0.050%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Ni:1.25~1.55%,Cr:0.25~0.35%,Cu:0.15~0.25%,Mo:0.45~0.55%,B:0.0009~0.0020%,Alt:0.010~0.040%,余量为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
上述元素满足如下关系:Ceq JIS:0.42~0.47%,Pcm:0.19~0.24%;裂纹敏感性指数:Pcm%=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B;碳当量技术公式:CeqJIS=C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4。
一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法,通过坯料选择、冶炼工艺、坯型设计、钢坏加热工艺、轧制工艺、水冷工艺、淬火工艺及回火工艺完成。具体步骤及参数如下:
1、坯料选择:连铸坯料的化学成分质量百分比为:C:0.06~0.09%,Si:≤0.15%,Mn:0.95~1.05%,P≤0.012%,S:≤0.005%,Nb:0.010~0.020%,V:0.040~0.050%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Ni:1.25~1.55%,Cr:0.25~0.35%,Cu:0.15~0.25%,Mo:0.45~0.55%,B:0.0009~0.0020%,Alt:0.010~0.040%,余量为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2、冶炼工艺:经过铁水预处理扒渣脱硫和LF炉深脱硫的钢水,钢中成品S≤0.005%。转炉采用双渣法、挡渣出钢和留钢操作,达到成品P≤0.012%。RH真空处理后,钢中氢≤1.5ppm,N≤45ppm,O≤20ppm。板坯连铸过程采用动态轻压下技术和动态二冷配水技术,铸坯低倍中心偏析达到C类1.0级及以下,其它缺陷均在1.0级以下。
3、坯型设计:板坯由400mm板坯连铸机浇铸,坯料尺寸400*2000*L,压缩比3.33。
4、钢坯加热工艺:加热温度为1200~1240℃,钢坯加热时间≥6.3小时,以使合金元素Ni、Cr、Mo、Nb等合金元素充分溶解。
5、轧制工艺:钢坯采用控轧轧制,开轧温度在1050~1130℃,再轧温度850~890℃,终轧温度在820~860℃;粗轧阶段:轧机咬入速度1.0m/s,加速度0.5m/s2,最大轧制速度1.5m/s,单道次最大压下率达到28.13%,粗轧阶段总道次压下率>60%,精轧阶段总道次压下率>20%。
6、水冷工艺:轧后利用ACC自动水冷,开冷温度740~800℃,终冷温度610~650℃,冷速5~7℃/S。
7、淬火工艺:钢板加热到890~910℃,保温时间120min,利用淬火机进行淬火。淬火机开启20组集管,每组集管水量开到最大,高压段辊道速度1.5m/min。钢板进入低压段后摆动25min,保证钢板出淬火机时温度达到或接近室温状态。
8、回火工艺:钢板加热到600~650℃,钢板心部达到炉温后开始保温,保温时间120min。
本发明的化学组分设计原理如下:
碳:碳是保证钢板淬透性的重要合金元素,也是决定碳当量的重要因素,对钢的强度、韧性、塑性及焊接性均有较大影响。碳含量过高,影响钢板焊接性能。碳含量过低,影响钢板整体强度,在保证本发明钢板所需要强度的前提下,碳含量的范围:0.06%~0.09%。
硅:脱氧的必要元素,具有一定的固溶强化作用,过高会影响钢的韧性及特厚板性能均匀性,本发明中硅的范围:≤0.15%。
锰:钢中重要的固溶强化元素,可降低相变温度,细化组织亚结构,在强化钢板的同时改善韧性;同时,可提高淬透性。若锰含量过高,造成偏析对焊接及韧性不利,本发明锰的范围:0.95%~1.05%。
镍:提高钢的低温韧性,改善塑性。对于120mm特厚板,改善厚度1/4、1/2处低温冲击性能,是不可缺少的合金元素,本发明镍的范围:1.25~1.55%。
铬:增加钢的淬透性,细化组织,降低韧脆转变温度;与锰配合使用,可提高钢的淬硬性,改善钢的力学性能;铬比锰的偏析倾向小,以铬代替部分锰,可减少钢板心部偏析,改善钢板内部质量,提高力学性能的均匀性;本发明铬含量范围:0.25~0.35%。
钼:可以显著增加钢的淬透性及淬硬性,细化淬火后钢的显微组织,提高韧性。但因钼是一种贵重合金,为降低成本,在保证性能的前提下,根据实际钢板厚度,选择少加不加钼,本发明钼的范围:0.45~0.55%。
铌、钛、钒:铌、钛均是强碳及氮化合物形成元素,在钢坯加热及轧制过程中,钉扎奥氏体晶界并阻止奥氏体晶粒过度长大;在轧制水冷过程中,钒做为微合金元素,沉淀析出一定量的碳氮化物,提高钢的强度。根据实际需要,本发明适当加入铌、钛、钒三种微合金元素。
硼:显著提高钢的淬透性比较有效的元素,极易在晶界偏析,阻止碳的析出,微量的硼即可起到明显的作用。但硼含量过高,易形成硼的碳氮化物,降低韧性并引起热脆,其合理范围:0.0009~0.0020%。
磷、硫:钢中有害元素,对冲击和韧性不利;本发明采用纯净钢生产技术,尽量减少磷、硫元素对钢性能的不利影响。
特厚高强水电钢的的显微组织为回火马氏体与回火贝氏体。
本发明的优点在于:实现了大型水电机组对80~120mm厚度钢材要求,屈服强度630~750MPa,抗拉强度710~900MPa,延伸率≥15%,性能要求满足-30℃厚度1/4及1/2冲击>100J的要求。
附图说明
图1为典型压下规程示意图。
图2为钢板上部1/4位置淬火态金相组织图。
图3为钢板中心部位淬火态金相组织图。
图4为钢板下部1/4位置淬火态金相组织图。
图5为钢板上部1/4位置回火态金相组织图。
图6为钢板中心部位回火态金相组织图。
图7为钢板下部1/4位置回火态金相组织图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、坯料选择:钢板化学成分按表1所示控制。
表1钢坯冶炼成分(wt%)
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt | Ni | Cr |
0.068 | 004 | 0.97 | 0.008 | 0.0041 | 0.02 | 1.474 | 0.298 |
Mo | Cu | Nb | V | Ti | B | Ceq | Pcm |
0.508 | 0.193 | 0.014 | 0.042 | 0.016 | 0.0014 | 0.46 | 0.21 |
以上实施例均为化学成分重量百分比,余量均为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。
2、冶炼工艺:首先铁水脱硫扒渣,经过100吨转炉冶炼,转炉采用双渣法、挡渣出钢和留钢操作,钢水LF炉精炼处理,再经过RH真空处理,钢中氢含量1.2ppm,N含量40ppm,O含量15ppm。板坯连铸过程采用动态轻压下技术和动态二冷配水技术,铸坯低倍中心偏析达到C类1.0级及以下,其它缺陷均在1.0级以下。
3、坯型设计:钢水经过首秦公司400mm板坏连铸机浇铸成400mm×2000mm×L规格钢坯,压缩比3.33。
4、钢坏加热工艺:钢坯经加热炉加热到加热温度为1220℃,钢坯加热时间为380min,以使合金元素Ni、Cr、Mo、Nb等合金元素充分溶解。
5、轧制工艺:钢坯出炉后经过双机架轧机轧制,采用控轧轧制,采用低速、大压下率轧制,单道次最大压下量率达到28.13%,粗轧阶段总道次压下率62.5%,精轧阶段总道次压下率20%。钢坯开轧温度在1080℃,再轧温度880℃,终轧温度在840℃;粗轧阶段:轧机咬入速度1.0m/s,加速度0.5m/s2,最大轧制速度1.5m/s。
6、水冷工艺:轧后利用ACC自动水冷,开冷温度800℃,终冷温度650℃,冷速6℃/S。
7、淬火工艺:钢板加热到温度910℃,保温时间120min;利用淬火机进行淬火,淬火机开启20组集管,每组集管水量开到最大,高压段辊道速度1.5m/min。钢板进入低压段后摆动25min,保证钢板出淬火机时温度达到或接近室温状态。淬火机水量设置如下表2所示:
表2淬火机水量参数/m3/h
规格/mm | Flow 1 | Flow 2 | Flow 3 | Flow 4 | Flow 5 | Flow 6 | Flow 7 | Flow 8 | Flow 9 | Flow 10 |
120 | 170 | 619 | 170 | 221 | 880 | 221 | 95 | 490 | 95 | 90 |
规格/mm | Flow 11 | Flow 12 | Flow 13 | Flow 14 | Flow 15 | Flow 16 | Flow 17 | Flow 18 | Flow 19 | Flow 20 |
120 | 500 | 90 | 490 | 650 | 555 | 1214 | 418 | 1050 | 418 | 1050 |
8、回火工艺:钢板加热到640℃,钢板心部达到炉温后开始保温,保温时间120min。
钢板淬火+回火后的钢板进行纵向拉伸和厚度1/4、厚度1/2纵向冲击试验。性能如表3所示。从表3可知,本发明120mm高强水电钢屈服强度690~760MPa,抗拉强度780~845MPa,延伸率18~25%,厚度1/4处-40℃冲击功>100J,厚度1/2处-40℃冲击功>100J。淬火+回火处理后性能如下表3所示:
表3回火钢板性能
注:Rp0.2(屈服强度)、Rm(抗拉强度)、A(断后伸长率)、AKv(冲击)Min~Max/Ave(最小值~最大值/平均值)、Q(厚度1/4处)、C(厚度1/2处)。
Claims (1)
1.一种抗拉强度800MPa水电钢的生产方法,通过坯料选择、冶炼工艺、坯型设计、钢坏加热工艺、轧制工艺、水冷工艺、淬火工艺及回火工艺完成生产,其特征在于,具体步骤及参数如下:
1)坯料选择:连铸坯料的化学成分质量百分比为:C:0.06~0.09%,Si:≤0.15%,Mn:0.95~1.05%,P≤0.012%,S:≤0.005%,Nb:0.010~0.020%,V:0.040~0.050%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Ni:1.25~1.55%,Cr:0.25~0.35%,Cu:0.15~0.25%,Mo:0.45~0.55%,B:0.0009~0.0020%,Alt:0.010~0.040%,余量为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质;
2)冶炼工艺:经过铁水预处理扒渣脱硫和LF炉深脱硫的钢水;转炉采用双渣法、挡渣出钢和留钢操作;RH真空处理后;板坯连铸过程采用动态轻压下技术和动态二冷配水技术;
3)坯型设计:板坯由400mm板坯连铸机浇铸,坯料尺寸400*2000*L,压缩比3.33;
4)钢坯加热工艺:加热温度为1200~1240℃,钢坯加热时间≥6.3小时;
5)轧制工艺:钢坯采用控轧轧制,开轧温度在1050~1130℃,再轧温度850~890℃,终轧温度在820~860℃;粗轧阶段:轧机咬入速度1.0m/s,加速度0.5m/s2,最大轧制速度1.5m/s,单道次最大压下率达到28.13%,粗轧阶段总道次压下率>60%,精轧阶段总道次压下率>20%;
6)水冷工艺:轧后利用ACC自动水冷,开冷温度740~800℃,终冷温度610~650℃,冷速5~7℃/S;
7)淬火工艺:钢板加热到890~910℃,保温时间120min,利用淬火机进行淬火;淬火机开启20组集管,每组集管水量开到最大,高压段辊道速度1.5m/min;钢板进入低压段后摆动25min,保证钢板出淬火机时温度达到或接近室温状态;
8)回火工艺:钢板加热到600~650℃,钢板心部达到炉温后开始保温,保温时间120min;
步骤1)中经过冶炼工艺,钢中成品S≤0.005%;P≤0.012%;钢中氢≤1.5ppm;N≤45ppm;O≤20ppm;
铸坯低倍中心偏析达到C类1.0级及以下,其它缺陷均在1.0级以下;
生产出的水电钢化学成分质量百分比为,C:0.06~0.09%,Si:≤0.15%,Mn:0.95~1.05%,P≤0.012%,S:≤0.005%,Nb:0.010~0.020%,V:0.040~0.050%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Ni:1.25~1.55%,Cr:0.25~0.35%,Cu:0.15~0.25%,Mo:0.45~0.55%,B:0.0009~0.0020%,Alt:0.010~0.040%,余量为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质;
其化学元素满足如下关系:Ceq JIS:0.42~0.46%,Pcm:0.19~0.24%;裂纹敏感性指数:Pcm%=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B;碳当量技术公式:CeqJIS=C+Mn/6+Si/24+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4。
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