Invention content
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention provides it is a kind of in a mild condition disperse single-walled carbon nanotube method,
The shortcomings that overcome functionalization destroying carbon nanometer tube structure.The present invention combines electrification single-walled carbon nanotube in aprotic solvent
Spontaneous dissolving and polymer realize the evenly dispersed of carbon nanotube to the cladding and osmotic technique of single-walled carbon nanotube.It keeps away
The destruction of ultrasound or covalent functionalization to complete carbon nano tube structure is exempted from so that single pipe surface has coated water solubility
High-molecular compound, to reach the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube in water.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of method that single-walled carbon nanotube is evenly dispersed in aqueous solvent, including:
Single-walled carbon nanotube is surface-treated using sodium-naphthalene solution, obtains the single-walled carbon nanotube of electrification;
Make the single-walled carbon nanotube self-dispersing of the electrification in polar solvent, using covering it coated, dialysis,
Up to single-walled carbon nanotube aqueous solution.
Due to most inorganic agent, covalent functionalization can be generated to carbon pipe, to the original performance of destroying carbon nanometer tube.
Therefore, the present invention carries out Large-scale Screening to existing inorganic agent, finds:Using sodium-naphthalin treatment solution to carbon nanotube at
When reason, due to the chemical inertness of carbon nanotube itself, tube wall does not occur chemical reaction with sodium-naphthalin treatment solution and generates polar group
Group.And carbon nanotube can only be made positively charged, it generates [Na (THF)]nNT (sodium-tetrahydrofuran-carbon nanotube) colloidal sol, these bands
Repulsive force between electrical carbon nanotube is the basis that carbon nanotube thermoplastic polymer forms colloidal sol.The carbon nanotube of this thermoplastic polymer
Concentration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can reach 0.4mg/g.
On the other hand, the stability of the carbon pipe colloidal sol based on preparation, the present invention have selected the PVP of non-electrolyte to coat point
Scattered carbon nanotube, the aggregation without causing carbon pipe avoid carbon nanotube sol and coagulation occur under electrolyte effect.Together
When, since PVP is not only dissolved in water, but also it is dissolved in organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), therefore be suitble to dialysis, stablized in not destroying carbon nanometer tube
Property under the premise of, the solvent of carbon nanotube of PVP claddings is switched to water phase from organic phase.
Preferably, in the sodium-naphthalene solution and single-walled carbon nanotube, sodium, naphthalene, single-walled carbon nanotube mass ratio be 0.07
~00.9:0.384~0.4:0.2~0.24.When the mass ratio of naphthalene, single-walled carbon nanotube is more than 2, excessive anion is free
Base is easily assembled with positively charged carbon nanotube, and Na (THF) is destroyed]nThe stabilization of NT (sodium-tetrahydrofuran-carbon nanotube) colloidal sol
Property;When the mass ratio of naphthalene, single-walled carbon nanotube is less than 1.6, the repulsive force between carbon nanotube is smaller, molten in polar solvent
Solution property declines.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotube and covering of the electrification is 1~10:10~1.When single wall carbon is received
When the ratio of mitron and covering is more than 10, the stability of carbon nanotube declines, easily assembles, and dialysis effect is poor;When single wall carbon is received
When the ratio of mitron and covering is less than 1/10, covering ratio is continued growing, dissolubility is promoted not in water to carbon nanotube
Greatly.
Preferably, the polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chloroform, dichloromethane or aromatic solvent.
Preferably, the covering is not only to be dissolved in organic solvent but also be dissolved in the polymer overmold agent of water.
It is furthermore preferred that the polymer overmold agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP, poly- (propionyl ethylenimine -co- is sub-
Ethyl ethamine) PPEI-EI or polyvinylsulfonic acid salt.
Preferably, without being ultrasonically treated in each step of the method.
Preferably, the dialysis processing makes the solvent of single-walled carbon nanotube be converted to water by organic solvent.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods that preferably single-walled carbon nanotube is evenly dispersed, include the following steps:
1) in the glove box of nitrogen protection, 0.384g naphthalenes and 0.07g sodium is dissolved in 100 milliliters of tetrahydrofurans, acutely stirred
Mixing makes all solids all dissolve.
2) above-mentioned naphthalene sodium solution is added in about 200mg single-walled carbon nanotubes (HiPco, NanoIntegris, USA), stirred
After mixing 12 hours, filtering, it is colourless to be used in combination tetrahydrofuran to rinse to efflux.
3) after being dried in vacuo, by 20mg, treated that single-walled carbon nanotube is placed in 50mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)s, stirring and dissolving.
4) by 50mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight:90,000) it is added in the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of carbon pipe, stirring
To being completely dissolved.
5) solution of carbon pipe is taken out in glove box, is exposed in air, imported semi-permeable membrane bag, be placed in and fill distilled water
Beaker in dialysis, and repeatedly replace distilled water.Uniform single-walled carbon nanotube aqueous solution is obtained after the completion of dialysis.
First under inert atmosphere protection, keep carbon nano tube surface all positively charged using the tetrahydrofuran solution of sodium naphthalene
Lotus makes carbon nano-tube bundle thermoplastic polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent with the repulsive force between electrical carbon pipe.Then polyethylene is added
Pyrrolidones protection loses the carbon pipe of charge in air atmosphere and is allowed to keep dispersity.The method for recycling dialysis makes to gather
The dispersion solvent of the single-walled carbon nanotube of vinylpyrrolidone cladding is converted to water by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
The present invention also provides single-walled carbon nanotube aqueous solutions prepared by the above-mentioned method of any one.The carbon nanometer of the present invention
The concentration of pipe can keep electrification carbon nanotube in the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide substantially, and both 0.4mg/g, was more than common carbon nanotube
Solubility.Certainly, since the dispersion of carbon nanotube is built upon on the basis with electrical carbon pipe of thermoplastic polymer,
It is dispersed more preferable, just as being shown the characterization result of atomic force microscope (Fig. 3) and transmission electron microscope (Fig. 4).
The present invention also provides above-mentioned single-walled carbon nanotube aqueous solutions to prepare in field emission display, nanoelectronic
Application in device, super-strength composite material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
(1) the principle of the present invention be based primarily upon electrification single-walled carbon nanotube can in thermoplastic polymer to organic solvent, and
Using the method for being not only dissolved in organic solvent but also being dissolved in the non ionic polymer compound carbon coated pipe of water, and combining dialysis, reach
Single-walled carbon nanotube evenly dispersed and carbon nanotube structure in a solvent and performance are substantially unaffected.
(2) the invention avoids the ultrasound damaged to carbon pipe structure and covalent functionalizations so that complete carbon nanometer
Pipe surface has grafted the group of functionalization, realizes the solubility of single-walled carbon nanotube, while also maintaining single walled carbon nanotubes sheet
The characteristic of the structural intergrity of body and itself.The present invention is simple and practicable, is easy to carry out large-scale industrial production.
(3) preparation method of the present invention is simple, dissolution rate is high, highly practical, easy to spread.