CN106515111A - 用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法 - Google Patents

用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN106515111A
CN106515111A CN201610957107.4A CN201610957107A CN106515111A CN 106515111 A CN106515111 A CN 106515111A CN 201610957107 A CN201610957107 A CN 201610957107A CN 106515111 A CN106515111 A CN 106515111A
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woven fabrics
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侯甲
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种方便植物种植，且方便植物后期维护的用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法，它包括从上往下依次分布的蓬松层、密布层、熔断层和防水层，蓬松层、密布层和熔断层选用涤纶、碳纤维、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维，无纺布的加工工艺包括：1)将原材料置于阻燃剂中浸泡；2)对原材料进行风干处理；3)将原材料加入梳棉机中进行梳棉叠棉处理；4)将叠棉后的无纺布送入针刺机进行针刺处理，针刺机的上针刺的速度小于下针刺的速度；5)将针刺后的无纺布送入热压轮进行热压处理，热压轮的上压筒的温度均小于所有原材料的熔点，热压轮的下压筒的温度大于低熔点纤维的熔点，且小于剩余原材料的熔点；6)在熔断层底表面设置防水层。

Description

用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防水无纺布及其加工工艺，具体来说，涉及一种方便植物种植，且方便植物后期维护的用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法。
背景技术
在一些发达城市或者工厂区，很多简易房、加盖房、大型工业厂房、体育场馆、机场、高铁站汽车站等，都采用铁皮屋顶、玻璃屋顶等斜面屋顶，这种斜面屋顶的房子虽然方便，但是夏天的时候，隔热效果很差，导致屋内温度很高，如装空调，用电量巨大。还有，下雨的时候，雨滴滴落在铁皮上会产生很大的噪音，极大的影响其舒适度，同时大大增加了城市的热岛效应，成为城市无法绿化的一片死角。
目前，为了美化环境和隔热，上述斜面屋顶都会以盆景的形式种植一些绿色植物，即在斜面屋顶放置一些瓦盆，再在瓦盆里种植绿色植物，这种方式虽然能够起到美化环境和隔热效果，但是需要定期维护，施工和维护都比较麻烦；再有，其对斜面屋顶(特别是铁皮屋顶)的承重能力要求比较高，有可能造成屋顶塌陷；另外，由于植物种植离不开营养土，斜面屋顶的斜面如果过大，会造成营养土堆积，特别是在大风大雨的天气，风雨会带走营养土，需要维护人员定期补充营养土，而大风也会造成灰尘满天飞，甚至形成雾霾。
发明内容
针对以上的不足，本发明提供了方便植物种植，且方便植物后期维护的用于植物种植的防水无纺布及其加工方法。
本发明的无纺布包括用于种植植物种苗和储放营养土的蓬松层，其特征在于，所述蓬松层内混有粘胶纤维，所述蓬松层的底部设置有防水层。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述无纺布包括蓬松层、密布层和防水层，蓬松层的孔径大于密布层的孔径，蓬松层的表层，密布层为中间层，防水层为底层。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述无纺布的蓬松层通过无纺布工艺一次成型。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述无纺布的蓬松层由涤纶、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维加工而成。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述无纺布的蓬松层浸透有阻燃剂。
本发明的无纺布的加工方法包括以下步骤：
1)将原材料送入梳棉机中进行梳棉叠棉处理；
2)将叠棉后的无纺布送入针刺机进行针刺处理，针刺机的上针刺的速度小于针刺机的下针刺的速度，从而形成蓬松层和密布层；
3)将针刺后的无纺布送入热压轮进行热压处理；
4)在密布层的底部设置防水层。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述原材料包括涤纶和粘胶纤维。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述原材料包括涤纶、碳纤维和粘胶纤维。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述原材料还包括低熔点纤维，所述热压轮的上压筒的温度均小于所有原材料的熔点，热压轮的下压筒的温度大于低熔点纤维的熔点，且小于剩余原材料的熔点。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述步骤1)之前还包括：首先，将无纺布的原材料置于阻燃剂中浸泡，然后对浸泡后的原材料进行风干处理
有益效果：
1、本发明的无纺布的底层设置有防水层，可以对目标位置起到防水的目的，以避免室内漏雨。
2、本发明的无纺布混有粘胶纤维，植物种植过程中，粘胶纤维可以作为植物的主要营养成分，种植前期，甚至可以无需施加营养土，施工方便，而且也不会造成尘土飞扬，更加环保。
3、本发明的无纺布设置蓬松层，植物种苗种植在蓬松层内，植物种苗在生长的过程中，种苗的根系会扎根在蓬松层，由于蓬松层的缠绕，即使无纺布在安装的位置有一定的倾斜度，植物种苗在大风和大雨的天气下，也不会从无纺布中脱落，植物种植的斜面坡度更易更大。
4、本发明的无纺布的蓬松层、密布层和熔断层通过无纺布工艺一次成型，施工的时候，可以根据目标位置的形状进行裁剪，施工更加方便快捷。
5、本发明的营养土的直径小于蓬松层的孔径，且大于密布层的孔径，营养土最终储放在无纺布的蓬松层，由于蓬松层的束缚作用，即使在轻微的雨水冲刷和风吹的情况下，营养土也不会出现堆积或者滑落的现象，保证植物的正常营养供给，另外，即使在大风大雨的天气，也不会造成尘土飞扬，更不会形成雾霾，更加环保。
附图说明
图1为本发明的无纺布的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步阐述，其中，本发明的方向以图1为标准。
如图1所示，本发明的用于植物种植的防水无纺布1呈片状，在实际应用的过程中，可以根据需要任意裁剪，无纺布1包括蓬松层11、密布层12、熔断层13和防水层14，蓬松层11、密布层12、熔断层13和防水层14依次从上往下分布。
其中，无纺布1的蓬松层11、密布层12和熔断层13三层通过无纺布织布工艺一体形成，它们选用涤纶、碳纤维、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维作为原材料，将原材料均匀混合后，通过无纺布织布工艺编制而成。碳纤维耐高温，抗老化性，在阳光下面不易腐烂老化，可以延长植物种植的(无纺布1的使用)时间；粘胶纤维，碳纤维和涤纶的熔点一般大于220摄氏度，低熔点纤维的熔点一般为110摄氏度；另外，涤纶、碳纤维、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维内浸透有阻燃剂，可以达到防火的目的；由于无纺布1内混有粘胶纤维成分，植物种植过程中，粘胶纤维可以作为植物的主要营养成分，种植前期，甚至可以无需施加营养土。
具体的，蓬松层11和密布层12通过无纺布工艺过程中针刺工艺形成，即蓬松层11的针刺频率小于密布层12的针刺频率，熔断层13通过无纺布工艺过程中热压轮工艺形成。蓬松层11的厚度一般在0.2-5厘米范围内，蓬松层11的孔径一般在0.05-0.1厘米范围内，密布层12的厚度一般在0.1-1厘米范围内，密布层12的孔径一般在0.01-0.1厘米范围内，熔断层13为热压轮在密布层12的地面形成的一个熨焦面。
防水层14为设置于熔断层13底部的一层防水膜，或者在熔断层13底部涂上一层防水胶，从而利用防水层14达到防水的目的，避免无纺布上的积水经由目标位置3上的缝隙或者孔隙进入室内。
施工的时候，防水层14贴合在目标位置3(铁皮屋顶、斜坡或者其它屋顶)的表面，植物种苗种植在蓬松层11，营养土均匀的分布在蓬松层11内，植物种苗在生长的过程中，种苗的根系会扎根在蓬松层11，由于蓬松层11的缠绕，即使无纺布1在安装的位置有一定的倾斜度，植物种苗也不会从无纺布1中脱落，另外，在大风大雨的天气，植物种苗也不会被刮走；由于蓬松层11的束缚作用，即使在轻微的雨水冲刷和风吹的情况下，营养土也不会出现堆积或者滑落的现象，保证植物的正常营养供给；由于密布层12和熔断层13的承托作用，营养土也不会由无纺布1的底部流失；由于熔断层13的作用，无纺布1不会撕裂；由于防水层14的作用，可以对目标位置3起到防水的目的。
如图1所示，本发明无纺布的加工方法包括以下步骤：
1)将无纺布的原材料置于阻燃剂中浸泡，无纺布的原材料包括涤纶、碳纤维、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维，浸泡时间为至少10分钟。
2)对浸泡后的原材料进行风干处理。
3)将风干后的原材料加入梳棉机中进行梳棉叠棉处理，从而形成3-10厘米后的多层无纺布。
4)将叠棉后的无纺布送入针刺机进行针刺处理，针刺机的上针刺的速度较慢(针刺频率低)，针刺机的下针刺的速度较快(针刺频率高)，上针刺的速度为1-0.3下/秒，下针刺的速度1-2下/秒.从而形成表层为孔径加大的蓬松层11，底层为孔径较小的密布层12。
5)将针刺后的无纺布送入热压轮进行热压处理，热压轮的上压筒的温度控制在110度左右，热压轮的下压筒的温度在220度左右，将蓬松层11、密布层12和熔断层13热压成较薄的片状的同时，还在密布层12的底表面形成熔断层13。
6)在熔断层13的底表面形成防水层14，防水层14可以是设置于熔断层13底部的一层防水膜，也可以是在熔断层13底部涂上一层防水胶，
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，在实施过程中可能存在局部微小的结构改动，如果对本发明的各种改动或变型不脱离本发明的精神和范围，且属于本发明的权利要求和等同技术范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于植物种植的防水无纺布，它包括用于种植植物种苗和储放营养土的蓬松层，其特征在于，所述蓬松层内混有粘胶纤维，所述蓬松层的底部设置有防水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于植物种植的防水无纺布，其特征在于，所述无纺布包括蓬松层、密布层和防水层，蓬松层的孔径大于密布层的孔径，蓬松层的表层，密布层为中间层，防水层为底层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于植物种植的防水无纺布，其特征在于，所述无纺布的蓬松层通过无纺布工艺一次成型。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于植物种植的防水无纺布，其特征在于，所述无纺布的蓬松层由涤纶、粘胶纤维和低熔点纤维加工而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于植物种植的防水无纺布，其特征在于，所述无纺布的蓬松层浸透有阻燃剂。
6.一种无纺布的加工方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
1)将原材料送入梳棉机中进行梳棉叠棉处理；
2)将叠棉后的无纺布送入针刺机进行针刺处理，针刺机的上针刺的速度小于针刺机的下针刺的速度，从而形成蓬松层和密布层；
3)将针刺后的无纺布送入热压轮进行热压处理；
4)在密布层的底部设置防水层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的无纺布的加工方法，其特征在于，所述原材料包括涤纶和粘胶纤维。
8.根据权利要求7所述的无纺布的加工方法，其特征在于，所述原材料包括涤纶、碳纤维和粘胶纤维。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的无纺布的加工方法，其特征在于，所述原材料还包括低熔点纤维，所述热压轮的上压筒的温度均小于所有原材料的熔点，热压轮的下压筒的温度大于低熔点纤维的熔点，且小于剩余原材料的熔点。
10.根据权利要求6所述的无纺布的加工方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)之前还包括：首先，将无纺布的原材料置于阻燃剂中浸泡，然后对浸泡后的原材料进行风干处理。
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