CN106508097B - The method that small inclination synchronized navigation satellite is transformed into retired satellite - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of method for transforming small inclination synchronized navigation satellite into retired satellite of the present invention, it is related to space technology, the retired synchronous geo-stationary satellite of residual fraction fuel is not discarded, continue to stay on rail position, carry out the technological change design of satellite directing mode and fuel occupation mode, retired satellite is made as the satellite composition navigation constellation of relay type satellite navigation system, only make the holding and adjustment of longitudinal position to retired satellite, the holding and adjustment of latitude direction position are not made, it is allowed freely to drift about in latitude direction, in same time, 90% fuel can be saved, increase the service life.As latitude direction drift value increases, improve the distribution of satellite, reduce the geometric dilution of precision of composition constellation, especially geometric dilution of precision when navigation constellation is constituted merely with the satellite on geo-stationary orbit is improved highly beneficial.This method completes the service and communication based on position and time using the abundant transponder resource of retired satellite, realizes multifrequency and changes the navigation locating function of frequency.

Description

The method that small inclination synchronized navigation satellite is transformed into retired satellite

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of space technology, particularly one kind transform small inclination synchronization into retired satellite The method of the aeronautical satellite of track operation, is that life-cycle and the multi-lifecycle of Aerospace Satellite is utilized Development technique and application.

Background technology

At present on the equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) in the 35800 kilometers of overhead in terrestrial equator overhead, There are a lot of geosynchronous satellites, the wherein overwhelming majority is synchronous communication satellite, be to simplify earth station day The sensing control of line, also for keeping certain spacing distance between adjacent satellite, it is ensured that mutually it Between meet anti-interference and insulation request, the position of synchronous satellite and attitude will regularly be implemented to control, make Its station keeping accuracy is better than ± 0.1 degree, some even better than ± 0.05 degree, in order to realize above-mentioned wanting Ask, it is necessary to the position of timing adjustment satellite, adjustment is necessarily required to consume fuel, is this satellite needs Prepare enough sufficient fuel.When fuel consumption to the greatest extent after, by conventional technology satellite service life also Finish.Satellite companies generally require to reissue in time new same to ensure the continuous demands of client Step telecommunication satellite, that is, before protosatellite end-of-life, satellite launch is reissued in new in advance To on track designation position, the alternating of new and old satellite is completed in time.So when old satellite, (we claim It is retired satellite) when changing, the transponder and power supply on satellite is just typically remained to fully Often work.But must be forced to abandon and the power-off of these retired satellites must be made dead process, As the grade geosynchronous satellite of Asia 1, it track is pushed away according to an international practice, it has been allowed Naturally drift about, after discarding, become space junk.These space junks are more and more, have a strong impact on red Road geo-stationary orbit space environment.

Content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide the retired satellite of one kind transforms small inclination synchronization inclined plane operation into Aeronautical satellite method, retired equator synchronous communication satellite is used, is defended as navigation Star, not only has economical and practical value, and can reduce the quantity of discarded satellite, reduces spatial loop The pollution in border, also has social effect.

It is yet another object of the invention to provide the retired satellite of one kind transforms the operation of small inclination geo-stationary orbit into Aeronautical satellite method, drifted on some the rail positions on synchronous rail position as needed, make country Effectively, rail position resource is captured to country in the rail position that declares.

For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide one kind and is changed with retired satellite The method for making small inclination synchronized navigation satellite, the retired equator synchronous communication of residual fraction fuel Satellite (GEO satellite) is not discarded, and does not close sun-generated electric power；Which is synchronously logical by retired equator Letter satellite continues to stay on selected rail position, and the satellite as navigation system is used, to realize satellite Multi-lifecycle utilize；The satellite that continues to employ only makees the holding and adjustment of longitudinal position, does not make The holding and adjustment of latitude direction position, allows it freely to drift about in latitude direction, makes to transport in identical In the row time, the fuel consumed by position adjustment is only original 1/10, so that retired satellite Residual life extends 10 times, moreover it is possible to keep for a long time continuing work on sync bit rail position under the line Make.

Described method, its described retired satellite is maintained on sync bit rail position continue work Make, be to adjust the sensing of antenna or directing mode on satellite, transformation design is made to fuel occupation mode, Retired satellite is made for the NAVSAT as relay type satellite navigation system, latitudinal Drift improves the geometric dilution of precision of navigation constellation, improves navigation and positioning accuracy, constitutes Extremely cheap, investment cycle extremely short, of good performance relay type satellite navigation system in the world, Become after GPS a kind of satellite navigation carrier (patent of new navigational communications integration in the world Application number：200410046064.1) a kind of constellation composition.

Described method, its described retired satellite is maintained on sync bit rail position continue work Make, be the constellation for constituting relay type satellite navigation system, forwarded using the full frequency band on satellite Device, realizes that multiband navigates, realizes the frequency conversion on multiband or change, to greatly improve be The antijamming capability of system.

Described method, its described transponder continue to realize communication work(while navigation feature is realized Can, so that relay type satellite navigation system realizes the Large Copacity running of navigational communications integration, structure Into navigational communications integral system.

Described method, its described communication function be for mobile communication, with complete based on position, The service of time and state is characteristic.

Described method, which is described to continue to stay in selected rail by retired equator synchronous communication satellite On position, it is that retired satellite is placed on the rail position that China declares, does appropriate operation application, make The rail position that country declares is effective；Or interim meeting an urgent need enables, certain of short term drift to equator overhead is several On rail position, so that the rail position that country declares is effectively, rail position resource is occupied to country and played an important role.

The inventive method, by the use of retired satellite as aeronautical satellite, due to transponder resource on satellite Abundant, it is possible to achieve the conversion and change of navigation frequency, greatly improve the anti-interference energy of navigation system Power；Multiband satellite navigation system can also be constituted, in addition to navigation feature, be can also continue to Communication function is played, mobile communication is particularly well-suited to, is completed based on position, time and state Service function, realizes that navigational communications operate integratively.This be one kind turn waste into wealth, life-cycle and many Life cycle develops the new technology of satellite.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1. the present invention is using 5 equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and 1 i=3 ° of IGSO Star constitutes the PDOP distribution maps of constellation.

Fig. 2. the present invention is using 4 equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and 2 i=3 ° of IGSO Star constitutes the PDOP distribution maps of constellation.

Fig. 3. the present invention is using equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellite and 3 i=3 ° of IGSO stars The PDOP distribution maps of composition constellation.

Fig. 4. the present invention is using equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellite and 4 i=3 ° of IGSO stars The PDOP distribution maps of composition constellation.

Fig. 5. PDOP distribution map of the present invention using 6 i=3 ° of IGSO stars composition constellation.

Fig. 6. the present invention is using 3 equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and 3 i=5 ° of IGSO Star constitutes the PDOP distribution maps of constellation.

Fig. 7. the present invention is using 2 equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and 4 i=5 ° of IGSO Star constitutes the PDOP distribution maps of constellation.

Fig. 8. the present invention is using 3 equatorial synchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and 3 i=10 ° of IGSO Star constitutes the PDOP distribution maps of constellation.

Specific embodiment

The present invention proposes the redevelopment Utilizing question of the multi-lifecycle of retired satellite, and how that utilizes ?？The present invention proposes several technical measures that recycle can retired satellite and method：

1. the holding and adjustment that longitudinal position only implemented by retired synchronous satellite is limited, do not make latitude The holding and adjustment of degree direction position, allows it freely to drift about in latitude direction.Become using this design After leather measure, it is that longitudinal adjustment consumes the 10 of fuel as latitude direction adjusts the fuel for consuming Times or so, if so residual the fuel that can keep 1 year service life of normal synchronized satellite, Under this mode of operation, can extend and use 10 years, so that fuel can maintain satellite motor-driven Life-span significantly extends.In general, solar cell using last a long time, satellite repeater The life-span that electronic equipment can still be used is also longer, can thus realize second Life Cycle of satellite The beginning of phase (navigational communications application life cycles).

2. after retired satellite is transferred to new rail position, the sensing of antenna to be redesigned and omnidirectional's spoke Penetrate the distribution of power.Because only that solve this problem, could realize new meeting navigation request Effective regional coverage.The requirement according to overlay area is proposed to existing retired satellite for this, Surface beacon or the technology using the earth's core directing mode is re-established, follow procedure is " motor-driven " to be realized pressing The effective overlay area for changing satellite antenna is needed to distribute with effective isotropicallyu radiaed power.

3. the synchronous inclined plane satellite using retired satellite drift for small inclination constitutes navigator fix system The constellation of system, realizes that three-dimensional navigation is positioned, improves constellation geometric dilution of precision (DOP), raising is led Boat positioning precision.Retired satellite is mainly used in relay type satellite navigation system, because defending as navigation Forecast by tracking system is surveyed in star orbital position, its position, it is not required that satellite should be strictly same in equator On step orbital position, but there is drift value in latitude direction on the contrary more preferably, and drift value is the bigger the better, At this moment retired star is the equal of the synchronous inclined plane aeronautical satellite of a small inclination.So do not make After North and South direction control, satellite can be made every year to increase drift band, drift increase speed in North and South direction Rate changes between about 0.75 ° -0.94 ° every year, about 18.6 cycle of change.That drifted about is accumulative Effect makes the orbit inclination angle of satellite As time goes on constantly become big, and maximum can reach about 14.5 °, Then constantly reduce again.

Situation that constellation geometric dilution of precision improve now is illustrated

Satellite composition constellation used in artificial satellite navigation positioning system, its structure is to navigation and positioning accuracy There are important impact, the quality of constellation quality typically to adopt geometric dilution of precision (DOP) To describe, it is the amplification coefficient of pseudo range measurement error.The constellation of relative good, its GDOP value Relatively small, such as in gps system, the decay of the positional precision of the constellation being made up of a large amount of satellites because Sub- PDOP values are generally less than 4.To constituting navigator fix constellation using Small inclination IGSO stars Quality problem, by existing GEO stars and based on will floating to the GEO stars of new rail position, examines Consider the retired rear multiple combination situation for forming IGSO stars of the part or all of satellite in them to be imitated True calculating and discussion.

GEO satellite used is by respectively positioned at 57 °, 87.5 °, 103 °, 122 °, 142 ° and 163 ° of east longitude Equator overhead deployment.In the calculating of PDOP, for user, the altitude of satellite is not For visible during less than 5 °, to more than may overlay area scope, to per 2 ° × 2 ° of grid computings its The PDOP values being spaced per 10 minutes.The PDOP values of certain lattice point, can be in required effective time In section (as effective time point accounts for the 95% of whole day, 100%) 98% remain less than 1000, For effective lattice point, effective lattice point constitutes effective overlay area.The PDOP of effective coverage is obtained respectively Minimum, maximum and average value, and draw PDOP distribution maps, to make further comparative analysis.

The constellation designed in simulation calculation is respectively：GEO stars and IGSO stars sum be 6, retired after The quantity of the IGSO stars of formation changes from 1 to 6 respectively, and the orbit inclination angle of IGSO stars is respectively 3 °, 5 °, it is also considered that inclination angle is 10 ° of situation, by the PDOP to multiple constellation combinations Value size and the comparative analysis of distribution, obtain following result：

(1) addition of .IGSO stars, prevents only with GEO stars from carrying out the feelings of 3-dimensional navigator fix There is radical change in condition, allow only to realize 3-dimensional navigator fix with GEO stars.

When only other supplementary means are not adopted with GEO stars, because these satellite distributions are in the earth On the equatorial plane, it is impossible to realize 3-dimensional navigator fix.Practical Calculation shows, so the constellation of composition PDOP values are very big.For example, when only with above-mentioned 6 GEO stars, the PDOP of Beijing area Value about 10⁶Bigger, actually lose the meaning of navigator fix.And it is envisioned with (such as 122 ° E Place) after GEO stars are retired drift for i=3 ° of IGSO stars when, if requiring that effective time point is The 98% of whole day, calculated PDOP is distributed the equal strength as shown in figure 1, in PDOP In distribution map, the region representation PDOP averages of different colours are less than or equal to distribution during certain numerical value Scope, its corresponding numerical value are marked with same color above picture.GEO stars and IGSO stars Substar position is marked with red circle and red five-pointed star respectively.' 8 ' font substars of IGSO stars Track identification is white.Figure lower left is the corresponding parameter of GEO stars and IGSO stars：The first row is given Gone out is the geographic logitude of GEO star substars；" Lmd " in second row for IGSO stars ' 8 ' The longitude of the symmetrical centre of font sub-satellite track east-west direction, " Node " are under ' 8 ' font stars The latitude of locus of points intersection point, " Inc " represent that orbit inclination angle, " Ecc " represent track ellipticity, " H " Two numerical value afterwards are satellite perigee, the distance in apogee to ground, and numerical value thereafter is (such as 0,6) The start time (hour) of each satellite set during for calculating, 6 hours two IGSO of time interval The right ascension of ascending node of star is at intervals of 90 degree.Figure lower right gives the minimum of PDOP and maximum value The shared ratio in effective coverage of mean value and regions of different colours.Following Fig. 2, Fig. 3, In Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, containing representated by each index and same color region Meaning is identical with Fig. 1.

Shown in Fig. 1, in the range of about 70 ° E to about 170 ° E and about 70 ° S to about 70 ° of N, PDOP Mean value be 65.8, achieve PDOP ＜ 70 in sizable scope of the area of coverage.Although this In effective time point be also not reaching to the 100% of whole day, and the value of PDOP is also larger, but one The improvement of individual essence is to achieve 3-dimensional navigator fix.

Further, the IGSO stars for becoming i=3 ° if the GEO stars in them at 142 ° of E also drift about, Combining for 4 GEO stars and 2 IGSO stars is formed, then PDOP values then occur significantly Improve (as shown in Figure 2), mean value is reduced to 39.1, the overwhelming majority area of effective overlay area PDOP ＜ 50 has been reached.

(2). relatively greater number of IGSO stars are adopted, the navigator fix of certain precision can be obtained As a result.

It is the situation suitable for practical application, in simulation calculation, improves the ratio mark of effective time point Standard, that is, require to reach the 100% of whole day.It is envisioned with being changed into IGSO stars after 3 GEO stars are retired, For example their equator overhead respectively at 103 ° of E, 122 ° of E, 142 ° of E, not retired with 3 GEO stars composition constellation when, the distribution of calculated PDOP is as shown in Figure 3.All cover PDOP averages in region are reduced to 24.1, and minimum of a value reaches 14.3.Can see, effective Under time point is for the 100% of whole day high standard, PDOP ＜ 15 in quite big region.

If the GEO stars for envisioning 87.5 ° of places also drift about as IGSO stars (orbit inclination angle i still be 3 °), I.e. 2 GEO stars and 4 IGSO stars constitute constellation, then PDOP further improves (see Fig. 4), Regions of the PDOP less than 15 further expands.If drift is further added by for the ratio of IGSO stars, example Such as when 6 GEO all drift about the IGSO for 3 °, in the middle part of the area of coverage, occur in that Regions of the PDOP less than 12.PDOP is further improved (see Fig. 5).With only 1 or The situation of 2 IGSO stars is compared, and PDOP reduces about 70%, then the precision of navigator fix can be obtained Raising to a certain extent.

(3) inclination angle of .IGSO stars is relatively bigger, and the degree that PDOP is worth to improve is more obvious, The precision of navigator fix is higher.

The orbit inclination angle for envisioning IGSO stars in simulation calculation reaches 5 °, to adopt 3 IGSO stars As a example by, the mean value of PDOP reaches 15.7, PDOP ＜ 12 in sizable scope, and in Between position there is the region (see Fig. 6) of larger PDOP ＜ 10.During using 4 IGSO stars, PDOP Mean value be reduced to 11.8, and there is the region (see Fig. 7) of PDOP ＜ 8 in middle part.With I=3 ° and include compared with the combination of quantity I GSO (as shown in Figure 4), the improvement of PDOP is bright Aobvious, then the precision of navigator fix can also be significantly improved.

If the orbit inclination angle for envisioning IGSO stars further increases, for example, about 10 ° are reached, to adopt As a example by with 6 IGSO stars, then the improvement of PDOP becomes apparent from (see Fig. 8), and PDOP is less than 8 Region substantially increase (can compare with Fig. 7), mean value drops to about only 8.8, and minimum of a value is 4.2, And middle part on a large scale in occur in that PDOP less than 6 region.

(4). retired star can as aeronautical satellite, except can improve the geometric accuracy of constellation because Son, improves beyond the precision of navigation, because it often has full wave transponder, it is possible to achieve navigation Change frequency, start satellite navigation change frequency and multiband navigation feature, improve antijamming capability.

Per retired satellite has the up to bandwidth of 575MHZ, in addition to as navigation feature, greatly The unnecessary transponder of amount continues can be used as communications applications, it is adaptable to mobile communication, be positioning and Navigation application service, such as logistics vehicles management, rescue and relief work, battle assessment, point of impact report, The broadcasting of operational commanding, TV Mobile and image, safety management, missing calling etc., so that realize leading Boat communicating integral.

Retired star can also occupy the rail position service on geo-stationary orbit for country.Because rail position is used as one Kind resource is extremely limited, and International Telecommunication Association has regulation to occupy the condition and application procedures of rail position.China Shen Some rail positions have been reported, if but within the time limit of certain, the satellite without China goes occupy-place, goes to use, Will reduce using rank, or even cancel the rail position right to use.And retired star exactly can be used as occupying Effective satellite of rail position is used, and creates rail position wealth and resource to country.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method for transforming small inclination synchronized navigation satellite into retired satellite, fires residual fraction The retired equator synchronous communication satellite of material is not discarded, and does not close sun-generated electric power；Characterized in that, Continue to stay on selected rail position by retired equator synchronous communication satellite, adjust the finger of antenna on satellite To or directing mode, using the full frequency band transponder on satellite, make retired satellite for relay type satellite The NAVSAT of navigation system, to realize that the multi-lifecycle of satellite is utilized；The satellite that continues to employ is only Make the holding and adjustment of longitudinal position, do not make the holding and adjustment of latitude direction position, allow it Latitude direction freely drifts about, and makes in identical run time, and the fuel consumed by position adjustment is only 1/10 originally, so that retired satellite residual life extends 10 times, moreover it is possible to keep for a long time Work on sync bit rail position under the line.