CN106507921B - The micro- momentum test device of laser thruster - Google Patents
The micro- momentum test device of laser thrusterInfo
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- CN106507921B CN106507921B CN200510117852.XA CN200510117852A CN106507921B CN 106507921 B CN106507921 B CN 106507921B CN 200510117852 A CN200510117852 A CN 200510117852A CN 106507921 B CN106507921 B CN 106507921B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of micro- momentum test device of laser thruster.It includes the ㄈ shape frameworks being made up of substrate, montant and cross bar, vertical pendulum wire is hung between the substrate and cross bar of ㄈ shape frameworks, pendulum wire is fixedly arranged in the middle of the crossbeam vertical with pendulum wire, crossbeam one end fills impact target, the other end is counterweight, with the crossbeam of pendulum wire intersection on equipped with speculum, irradiate the laser instrument of speculum, the scale of exploring laser light beam is received, the upper and lower end of its pendulum wire is fixed by clamp system.Give the impulsive force impulse calculation model of the micro- momentum test device of laser thruster.Advantage is measurement range width, and measuring accuracy is high, and device is easily achieved, and parameter calibration method is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spacemarching field, the small punching of more particularly to a kind of microthruster
Measure technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
The momentum scope of laser plasma micro-thruster is general 10-6~10-4Between Ns magnitudes.It is micro-
The micro impulse measurement of thruster is to study one of key technology of micromass culture technology.At present both at home and abroad
The impulse bit method of testing of open report has laser interferance method and torsion pendulum method of testing.Laser is done
Relate to that method is simple and easy to apply, be the Perfected process for measuring micro thrust and impulse bit, but laser interference
Method employs laser interferometer, because laser interferometer is expensive, seldom uses.Therefore reverse
Put micro- momentum method of testing and obtain bigger favor.
1774, coulomb, which has invented Coulomb balance, to be used to study interaction between electric charge, and this is the
One device using the small power measurement of torsion pendulum progress.Then, in 1798, Britain's physics
Family's all one's life determines gravitational constant exactly using torsion balance method first, and the torsion balance that he uses is former
Reason is identical with Coulomb balance.But this kind of torsion balance is simply possible to use in measurement static force, it is impossible to be used in measurement punching
Hit power.
Method by increasing damping, the problem of torsion pendulum measurement impulsive force has been solved at present.
Such as torsion pendulum test system of the dual sensitivity of the micro- power device of U.S. Phipps laboratory measurements laser
(see J.R.Luke, C.R.Phipps, G.G.Mcduff, Laser plasma thruster [J], Applied Physics A,
2003,77,343-348.).This torsion pendulum includes pendulum wire, and pendulum wire is fixedly arranged in the middle of vertical with pendulum wire
Crossbeam, crossbeam one end dress impact target, the other end is counterweight, with being equipped with the crossbeam of pendulum wire intersection
Speculum, detects light-beam generator, and scale, the upper end of pendulum wire is fixed by clamp system, pendulum wire
One heavy ball of lower termination is placed in damping oil.When there is micro- momentum impulse action to impact target, pendulum wire
Rotate, cause the light beam on speculum to deflect, micro- momentum pulse force value is reflected on scale, it can
For measuring the momentum of impulsive force.But the problem of existing is：Torsion pendulum is operated in underdamping state,
Under impact force action, damping will absorb sub-fraction energy, torsion pendulum is turned into damped oscillation,
Can not be by the simple harmonic oscillation of pendulum to the intrinsic parameter coefficient of rigidity G and polar moment of inertia I of pendulum wirep
Demarcated；Extra caliberating device is needed (see Phipps, Claude R.；Luke, James, Micro
Laser plasma thrusters for small satellites [J], Proc.SPIE Vol.4065, p.
801-809), torsion pendulum calibration process is cumbersome, and actual proving operation process is difficult to realize；Demarcation
Misoperation can cause larger calibrated error problem.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to address momentum 10-6~10-4The thruster punching of Ns (micro- momentum) scope
Measure test problem.In micro- momentum test process, momentum size and pendulum wire parameter G and IpBetween exist
Certain functional relation, but international association area does not solve pendulum wire parameter G and I also at presentpNumber
It is worth the accurate calibration problem of size.Present invention, avoiding pendulum wire parameter G and IpProblem of calibrating, carry
Gone out a kind of new, high-precision, simple and easy to apply micro- momentum test device of laser thruster and its
Impulse calculation Mathematical Modeling.
The micro- momentum test device of laser thruster of the present invention is included by substrate, the first montant, second
Montant and the cross bar ㄈ shapes framework constituted and the freedom being made up of mobile platform, pole and baffle plate
Swing stop mechanism.Hang solid in the middle part of vertical pendulum wire, pendulum wire between the substrate and cross bar of ㄈ shape frameworks
Surely there is the crossbeam vertical with pendulum wire, crossbeam one end fills impact target, and the other end is counterweight, is handed over pendulum wire
Speculum is housed on the crossbeam at remittance, the laser of speculum is irradiated, the mark of exploring laser light beam is received
Chi, the upper and lower end of its pendulum wire is fixed by the first clamp system and the second clamp system respectively, is set
The shut-down mechanism that freely swings of torsion pendulum, the shut-down mechanism that freely swings is by mobile platform, pole and gear
Plate is constituted, and mobile platform drives pole and baffle plate.
Using the method that two end points are fixed above and below torsion pendulum, the micro impulse that microthruster is produced
Act on impact target, micro impulse is converted into the corner of torsion pendulum, so as to realize micro impulse
Measurement.Laser thruster micro- momentum test device first to the present invention is entered hunting period before measuring
Rower is determined.The micro- momentum test device of laser thruster of the present invention is in vacuum environment, and two ends are fixed
Torsion pendulum can regard quasi- undamped system as, the cycle of its torsionoscillation is fixed value, utilizes this
Characteristic accurately demarcates the characteristic parameter hunting period of torsion pendulum.
The impulse calculation Mathematical Modeling of the micro- momentum test device of laser thruster of the present invention is (specific
There is specific derivation process in embodiment)
Measure T, θmaxAnd r, according to torsion pendulum system-computed J, substitute into the momentum that above formula obtains impulsive force.
In above formula, J is rotary inertia, θmaxFor the hard-over of torsion pendulum, r is swing arm, and T is
Hunting period, parameter T passes through the number of oscillations for the torsion pendulum observed in fixed length time Δ t inside countings
C is calculated, and T is Δ t divided by c business.
The advantage of the micro- momentum test device of torsion pendulum of the present invention is：
(1) test scope is wide.The micro- momentum test system measurement range 10 of torsion pendulum-7~10-4Ns,
It can increase distance or replacing of the speculum to scale to further improve minimum momentum resolution ratio
GIpSmall pendulum wire material (such as quartz fibre or silicon optical fiber).
(2) measuring accuracy is high.The measuring accuracy of impulsive force momentum depends on torsion pendulum characteristic parameter
Stated accuracy.Torsion pendulum is defined undamped system in vacuum chamber, therefore can be multiple by observing
Its hunting period of the method high-acruracy survey of time hunting period and intrinsic frequency, therefore torsion pendulum is special
The stated accuracy for levying parameter is high, and momentum measuring accuracy is high.
(3) experimental provision is easily achieved.Electric displacement platform, the first clamp system, second is only needed to clamp
Mechanism, beryllium-bronze silk, speculum, it is that can be achieved to reverse crossbeam and automatically controlled baffle plate, is not required to extra
Caliberating device, and operation is simple.
Brief description of the drawings
The micro- momentum test device system schematic diagram of Fig. 1 laser thrusters of the present invention；
The torsion pendulum model stress diagram that Fig. 2 two ends are fixed；
The torsion pendulum test philosophy figure that Fig. 3 two ends are fixed；
The micro- momentum test device example working condition front view of Fig. 4 laser thrusters；
The micro- momentum test device example working condition right view of Fig. 5 laser thrusters；
The micro- momentum test device example working condition left view of Fig. 6 laser thrusters；
The micro- momentum test device example working condition rearview of Fig. 7 laser thrusters.
Embodiment
The micro- momentum test device of torsion pendulum of the present invention is done further in detail in conjunction with drawings and Examples
Thin description.
Fig. 1 gives the micro- momentum test device system schematic diagram of laser thruster of the present invention, and it is wrapped
Include " ㄈ " the shape framework that is made up of substrate 1, the first montant 2, the second montant 3 and cross bar 4 and
And the shut-down mechanism that freely swings being made up of mobile platform (17), pole (18) and baffle plate (19),
Pendulum wire 5 is hung between the substrate 1 and cross bar 4 of " ㄈ " shape framework, pendulum wire 5 is fixedly arranged in the middle of and put
5 vertical crossbeams 6 of silk, the one end of crossbeam 6 dress impact target 7, the other end is counterweight 8, with pendulum wire 5
Speculum 9, pendulum wire 5, crossbeam 6, impact target 7, the and of counterweight 8 are housed on the crossbeam 6 of intersection
Speculum 9 constitutes test torsion pendulum, irradiates the laser 10 (see Fig. 3) of speculum 9, receives and visits
The scale 11 (see Fig. 3) of laser beam is surveyed, the upper and lower end of its pendulum wire 5 is respectively by the first clamp system
12nd, the second clamp system 13 is fixed, and has X-axis translation between the second clamp system 13 and substrate 1
The first governor motion 14, have between the first montant 2 and substrate 1 Y-axis translate the second regulation machine
Structure 15, there is the 3rd governor motion 16 that Z axis is lifted between the first montant 2 and the second montant 3,
By adjusting the first governor motion 14 and the second governor motion 15, pendulum wire 5 is set to be in vertical state,
The 3rd governor motion 16 of Z axis lifting is adjusted, pendulum wire 5 is in tensioning state, torsion pendulum is set
The shut-down mechanism that freely swings, freely swing shut-down mechanism by mobile platform 17, pole 18 and gear
Plate 19 is constituted, when torsion pendulum is in swing state before test, will be put by adjusting mobile platform 17
Dynamic shut-down mechanism is moved at impact target 7, baffle plate 19 is stopped that torsion pendulum freely swings, is freely swung
The shut-down mechanism that freely swings is removed after stopping, being ready for test.
Pendulum wire 5 can be according to measurement sensitivity the selection of material and the core diameter of material, such as in same case
Under, 0.1mm silicon optical fiber, which does beryllium-bronze silk of the pendulum wire than 0.1mm, which does pendulum wire, higher resolution ratio；
After pendulum wire is selected, by adjusting the distance of remote scale 11 and speculum 9 and reducing exploring laser light Shu Guang
The mode of spot improves Measurement Resolution；First governor motion 14, the second governor motion the 15, the 3rd
Governor motion 16, mobile platform 17 can select micro-processor controlled electricity driving displacement mechanism, also can select
The displacement mechanism adjusted manually.
The parameter calibration method of the micro- momentum test device of laser thruster of the present invention, is by fixed
The number of oscillations c of the torsion pendulum that long-time Δ t inside countings are observed calculates T hunting period.
Micro- momentum method of testing：
(1) test philosophy.As shown in figure 3, when laser-impact light beam 20 acts on impact target 7
Target surface on, produce miniature injection, reaction force rotates torsion pendulum, and the reflected beams 21 are in scale
Top offset can be read, and the corner of torsion pendulum can be calculated by the displacement read, then by the spy of torsion pendulum
Property can obtain the size of this impulse bit.
(2) the impulse calculation Mathematical Modeling of test device.
It can show that the relation between moment of face M and beryllium-bronze silk rotational angle theta is by Fig. 2：
Therefore
In formula, G is the coefficient of rigidity of pendulum wire, IpFor polar moment of inertia, after the effect of impulsive force,
Reverse oscillator system and do simple harmonic motion.Its vibration equation is：
So
Wherein, ω is frequency, and T is rotation period, and J is rotary inertia.
Obtained by the conservation of angular momentum：
F (t) is the time [0, t0] the interior impulsive force for acting on torsion pendulum, t0Very little, generally tens milliseconds
Within, therefore in t0The corner very little of torsion pendulum, can ignore in time.
So the momentum that impulsive force is produced is：
Obtained by formula (4)：
θmax=A (10)
In formula, θmaxFor the hard-over of torsion pendulum, ωzFor the angular speed of torsion pendulum, ωzmaxFor torsion pendulum
Maximum angular rate.Wushu (12), which brings formula (9) into, to be had：
Measure T, θmaxAnd r, according to torsion pendulum system-computed J, substitute into formula (13) and obtain impulsive force
Momentum.
(3) scaling method
The micro- momentum test device of torsion pendulum of the present invention is operated in vacuum chamber, and torsion pendulum is based on quasi- nothing
Damping system, the swing of torsion pendulum can regard simple harmonic oscillation as, you can by being counted in fixed length time Δ t
The accurate number of oscillations c for obtaining torsion pendulum of number observation, Δ t divided by c are that can obtain parameter T, and Δ t takes
Value is bigger, and parameter T precision is higher, so that high accuracy obtains the characteristic parameter of torsion pendulum：Swing week
Phase.For the torsion pendulum test device fixed with one end, because the vibration of torsion pendulum is attenuation state,
It will stop to certain time vibration, Δ t values can not obtain very big, while there is oil damping, torsion pendulum
Vibration period be longer than its simple harmonic motion cycle.
The micro- momentum test device of torsion pendulum of the present invention is to be based on quasi- undamped system, in implementation process
Its lower end is in rigid condition, can accurately obtain the characteristic parameter of torsion pendulum, but also make
Into swing is produced under Random Excitation, and it can not stop, or put for a long time in testing twice
Dynamic motion, the problem of this is serious is unfavorable for the progress of experiment.So being realized reversing pendulum device
During, the micro- momentum test device of torsion pendulum of the present invention increases the foregoing shut-down mechanism that freely swings,
Torsion pendulum is locked using baffle plate 19, experiment starts or process data has been obtained as shown in figure 3, working as,
When starting to test next time, the controlling baffle plate 19 of mobile platform 17 moves to prevent the swing of torsion pendulum,
The equilbrium position of torsion pendulum is moved to always, torsion pendulum is swung rapid stopping, or can only allow
Micro-swinging, this can be observed by detecting position of the light beam on scale.Then it is mobile flat
The controlling baffle plate of platform 17 returns original position, torsion pendulum is had enough spaces.
Method of the present invention instantiation design form is a lot, according to actual conditions, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, figure
6 and Fig. 7 show the specific embodiment of the invention.Pendulum wire upper end has three degree of freedom, lower end tool
There is one degree of freedom.The beryllium-bronze silk that pendulum wire is 0.15mm, the crossbeam use thickness 0.2mm of impact target,
Wide 2mm, a length of 4.5cm steel disc, speculum is using the good rigid plastics film of reflecting properties.
Silk clamp system is equipped with according to laboratory condition.All adjustment mechanisms and telecontrol equipment are using commercial electricity
Moving stage.
The present apparatus measures momentum resolution ratio up to 10-7Ns, error is less than ± 10%.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of micro- momentum test device of laser thruster, it include by substrate (1), the first montant (2),
" ㄈ " shape framework of second montant (3) and cross bar (4) composition, in the substrate (1) and cross bar of " ㄈ " shape framework
(4) pendulum wire (5) is hung between, pendulum wire (5) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the crossbeam (6) vertical with pendulum wire (5), crossbeam
(6) one end dress impact target (7), the other end is to be filled in counterweight (8), with the crossbeam (6) of pendulum wire (5) intersection
There is speculum (9), the laser (10) of irradiation speculum (9) receives the scale (11) of exploring laser light beam,
The upper end of pendulum wire (5) is fixed by the first clamp system (12), it is characterized in that：
The lower end of pendulum wire (5) is fixed by the second clamp system (13), the second clamp system (13) and substrate (1)
Between have X-axis translate the first governor motion (14), have Y-axis between the first montant (2) and substrate (1)
The second governor motion (15) of translation, there is what Z axis was lifted between the first montant (2) and the second montant (3)
3rd governor motion (16), sets the shut-down mechanism that freely swings of torsion pendulum, freely swing stopping machine
Structure is made up of mobile platform (17), pole (18) and baffle plate (19), and mobile platform (17) drives pole (18)
With baffle plate (19).
2. the micro- momentum test device of laser thruster according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
The pendulum wire (5) selects beryllium-bronze silk, or selects silicon optical fiber.
3. the micro- momentum test device of laser thruster according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
First governor motion (14), the second governor motion (15), the 3rd governor motion (16), movement are flat
Platform (17) selects micro-processor controlled electricity driving displacement mechanism, or from the displacement mechanism adjusted manually.
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| CN200510117852.XA CN106507921B (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | The micro- momentum test device of laser thruster |
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| CN200510117852.XA CN106507921B (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | The micro- momentum test device of laser thruster |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106092399A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-09 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Space flight microthruster impulse measurement platform based on torsion balance |
| CN106679864A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-17 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Laser oblique incidence ablation micro-impulse measurement device and method |
| CN108036888A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-15 | 电子科技大学 | Micromass cell culture device based on torsional pendulum type |
| CN108827512A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-16 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Micromass cell culture device using silicon torsional spring |
| CN110836758A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-25 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Thimble type micro-impulse applying device |
| CN112005090A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Micro-thrust micro-impulse applying device and method based on light pressure principle |
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| CN106092399B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2020-03-20 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Spaceflight micro thruster impulse measuring table based on torsion balance |
| CN106092399A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-09 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Space flight microthruster impulse measurement platform based on torsion balance |
| CN106679864A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-17 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Laser oblique incidence ablation micro-impulse measurement device and method |
| CN106679864B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-07-09 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | A kind of micro- impulse measurement device and method of laser oblique incidence ablation |
| CN108036888A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-15 | 电子科技大学 | Micromass cell culture device based on torsional pendulum type |
| CN108827512A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-16 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Micromass cell culture device using silicon torsional spring |
| CN110836758A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-25 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Thimble type micro-impulse applying device |
| CN110836758B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Thimble type micro-impulse applying device |
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| CN112005090A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Micro-thrust micro-impulse applying device and method based on light pressure principle |
| WO2021226810A1 (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Optical pressure principle-based micro-thrust and micro-impulse applying apparatus and method |
| CN112005090B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-03-15 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Micro-thrust micro-impulse applying device and method based on light pressure principle |
| CN114964577A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber torsion scale micro-thrust measuring device and method |
| CN114964577B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-03-14 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber torsion scale micro-thrust measuring device and method |
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Address after: 101416 No. 1, Bayi Road, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: China People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Unit Space Engineering University Address before: 101416 No. 1, Bayi Road, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee before: PLA 'S Equipment College |