CN106503346A - The generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts - Google Patents

The generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts Download PDF

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CN106503346A
CN106503346A CN201610932419.XA CN201610932419A CN106503346A CN 106503346 A CN106503346 A CN 106503346A CN 201610932419 A CN201610932419 A CN 201610932419A CN 106503346 A CN106503346 A CN 106503346A
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CN106503346B (en
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徐政
陆韶琦
董桓锋
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses the generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts, can be write out and identical unit model in BPA stability Calculations with Fortran using simulation algorithm of the present invention, the model quickly can start, calculate with stable state after startup and be consistent, overcome the difficult technical bottleneck of unit starting in conventional electromagnetic transient simulation;Model mode of the present invention based on programming language do not limited by simulation software and can be used across software platform, it is to avoid repetitive operation is loaded down with trivial details with patterned form Definition Model;Thus, the present invention is significant with the electromagnetic transient simulation of operation phase to Power System Planning.

Description

The generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts
Technical field
The invention belongs to Simulating technique in Electric Power System field, and in particular to the generating set electromagnetism that a kind of quick and smooth starts Transient emulation method.
Background technology
Following power system using the new forms of energy power supply of power electronics converter port, will be added and deposit already comprising in a large number Direct current transportation and flexible AC transmitting system so that power system further comprises in addition to traditional electromagnetic component and quite count The power electronic equipment of amount, this kind of system are referred to as AC/DC mixed power system (Hybrid AC/DC power system).? In AC/DC mixed power system, electromechanical transient simulation program is generally used for analyzing AC system symmetric fault or straight-flow system The security and stability of system under latch status.Due to electromechanical transient analysis program to the simulation of AC network only with fundamental wave Positive sequence phasor description under frequency, the response characteristic of power electronic equipment can only based on the positive sequence fundamental phasors of AC system, because This electromechanical transient analysis program cannot describe the non-fundamental frequency of AC/DC mixed power system or AC system asymmetric under spy Property, and the transient process for needing to study AC and DC power system using electromagnetic transient simulation.
In extensive AC and DC power system electromagnetic transient modeling, if can be ground to stability with preferable source-representation generator Study carefully and bring larger error, and only contain in conventional electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC model libraries a small amount of typical IEEE excitation speed governors, stabilizer and speed regulator prime mover model, more domestic conventional electromechanical transient simulation software BPA stabilimeters Calculation model is a lot of less and block diagram has relatively big difference, therefore needs for being preferably converted into electro-magnetic transient data from electromechanical Temporal Data The self-defined work of model to be done.Excitation model FV cards used by BPA stability Calculations are illustrated in figure 1, PSCAD/ is illustrated in figure 2 The most similar therewith ST1A models in EMTDC model libraries, although both of which describes self-shunt excitation system, but because transmitting frame Figure has difference makes simulation result that there is larger difference, and system stability distinguishing is had an immense impact on.On the other hand, generator Inertia time constant is larger, when containing multiple stage generator in system and direct plungeing in system start-up phase, each other Influence would be possible to cause the unstable of system, it is therefore desirable to by initialization technique come this process of gentle ground transition.
A kind of existing not enough method of software model species that solves is that the graphical transmission function provided using software is built, But used in the model that this kind of model method is inconvenient to initialize and define is only limitted to a certain simulation software, do not have across Platform uses ability.It is thus desirable to a kind of model method of invention causes the unit model can be quick in electromagnetic transient simulation Smooth start, and with accurately express each link dynamic characteristic with the model method across software platform.
Content of the invention
For generating set types of models in general electromagnetic transient simulation software model storehouse not enough, taken using graphical block diagram The present situation that unit starting has difficulties is built, the invention provides the generating set electromagnetic transient simulation side that a kind of quick and smooth starts Unit model is expressed as state-space expression by method, the method, reuse programming language definition, actual emulation calculate when incited somebody to action Journey is divided into three phases, and substep determines that different components are initialized or numerical integration in unit model;Using present invention side The unit model of method definition and workflow management quickly and smoothly can start to expected operating point, can be adjusted in different simulation softwares With and possess the ability used across software platform.
The generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts, comprises the steps:
(1) for any component of generating set, the transmission function block diagram of the component model is launched into the shape of time domain State space expression formula, and then obtain expressing for solving the equation of component states matrix of variables x according to the state-space expression Formula is as follows:
Wherein:y0For the anticipated output of component model, input variable matrixes of the u for component model, f () are component model Evolution expression formula, output expression formulas of the g () for component model;
(2) each component in generating set is made by power system stabilizer, PSS, field regulator, synchronous generator, speed regulator Prime mover is sequentially connected;
(3) when generating set place system starts, set end voltage and phase that synchronous generator is obtained according to Load flow calculation Parallactic angle is run with ideal source form, and the excitation voltage E according to needed for the output of generator electromagnetic circuit steady-state modelf0And survey Value ue(such as exciting current or set end voltage etc.) anti-state variable x solved in field regulator modele, and then according to shape State variable xeVoltage reference value V is tried to achieve by field regulator modelref;Make the output auxiliary control of power system stabilizer, PSS model Signal Vs=0, according to auxiliary control signal VsWith input feedback value up(such as set end voltage or rotating speed etc.) is counter to solve power system State variable x in stabilizer modelp
(4) treat that, in system after the completion of other elements initialization, synchronous generator switches to fixed rotating speed electricity by ideal source Machine model, and put into excitation adjuster model and power system stabilizer, PSS model;After coming into operation, field regulator is according to initial State variable x that the change stage obtainseNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, if adjustment of field excitation In the case of device model deficiency, then field regulator exports the excitation voltage E of initial runtimef0And keep constant;Power system stability State variable x that device is obtained according to initial phasepNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, Power system stabilizer, PSS output auxiliary control signal Vs=0 keep not if in the case of the power system stabilizer, PSS model deficiency Become;
Machine torque T of the synchronous generator according to needed for the output of rotor vacillation steady-state equation in this phase processm0And survey Value ug(such as rotating speed etc.) anti-state variable x solved in speed regulator prime mover modelg
(5) after some milliseconds of system operation put into speed regulator prime mover model, after coming into operation speed regulator prime mover according to State variable x that initial phase is obtainedgNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, if speed governing In the case of device prime mover model deficiency, then speed regulator prime mover exports the machine torque T of initial runtimem0And keep constant;
So far generating set model starts and completes, and all component executes subsequent simulation according to the state-space expression.
The state-space expression is as follows:
Wherein:For the derivative of component states matrix of variables x, output signals of the y for component model.
Pass through anti-state variable x solved in field regulator model of below equation in step (3)e
Wherein:feThe evolution expression formula of () for field regulator model, ge() is expressed for the output of field regulator model Formula.
Pass through anti-state variable x solved in power system stabilizer, PSS model of below equation in step (3)p
Wherein:fpThe evolution expression formula of () for power system stabilizer, PSS model, gp() is power system stabilizer, PSS model Output expression formula.
Pass through anti-state variable x solved in speed regulator prime mover model of below equation in step (4)g
Wherein:fgThe evolution expression formula of () for speed regulator prime mover model, ggThe output of () for speed regulator prime mover model Expression formula.
The accurate emulation of generating set is extensive AC and DC power system electromagnetic transient simulation basic guarantee, using this Bright above-mentioned simulation algorithm can be write out and identical unit model in BPA stability Calculations with Fortran, and the model can be fast Speed starts, and calculates with stable state and be consistent after startup, overcomes the difficult technology bottle of unit starting in conventional electromagnetic transient simulation Neck;Model mode of the present invention based on programming language is not limited by simulation software and can be used across software platform, is kept away Repetitive operation is exempted from loaded down with trivial details with patterned form Definition Model;Thus, the present invention is to Power System Planning and operation phase Electromagnetic transient simulation significant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ST1A excitation model schematics in electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC.
Fig. 2 is the FV card excitation model schematics in electromagnetic transient simulation software BPA.
Fig. 3 is each component unified signal connected mode schematic diagram in generating set model.
Simulation calculation flow process schematic diagrames of the Fig. 4 for generating set model.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of four Ji Liang areas test systems.
Fig. 6 (a) is four Ji Liang areas test systems generator under Model B PA, model ST1A and model emulation of the present invention The excitation output result schematic diagram of G1.
Fig. 6 (b) is four Ji Liang areas test systems generator under Model B PA, model ST1A and model emulation of the present invention The excitation output result schematic diagram of G2.
Fig. 6 (c) is four Ji Liang areas test systems generator under Model B PA, model ST1A and model emulation of the present invention The excitation output result schematic diagram of G3.
Fig. 6 (d) is four Ji Liang areas test systems generator under Model B PA, model ST1A and model emulation of the present invention The excitation output result schematic diagram of G4.
Specific embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is to technical scheme It is described in detail.
Unit model is expressed as state-space expression by the inventive method, reuses programming language definition, actual emulation Process is divided into three phases during calculating, substep determines that different components are initialized or numerical integration in unit model.
In the present invention, generating set model includes following two links:
First, the state-space expression of time domain, i.e. table are launched into the transmission function block diagram of each component of unit model Reach following form:
Wherein:X is state variable matrix, and u is component input variable matrix, and y is component output, and f () is component evolution Expression formula, g () are that component exports expression formula.
Then, by component model anticipated output y0Counter with component input variable matrix u solve component states matrix of variables x, Below equation group is solved:
After each component in generating set is defined in a manner described, according to the unified approach connection used such as Fig. 3, component Different subfunctions are called according to its model name.
Fig. 4 is calculation process of the defined generating set model in simulation calculation, and wherein subscript e represents excitation system Correlation model, subscript p represent that stabilizer correlation model, subscript g represent speed regulator prime mover correlation model;Actual emulation was calculated Journey is divided into the three below stage:
When () system starts i, synchronous motor is run according to ideal source with phase angle according to the set end voltage that Load flow calculation is obtained, And according to generator electromagnetic circuit steady-state model output needed for excitation voltage Ef0, according to Ef0 and other measurements ue(such as excitation Electric current, set end voltage etc.) all state variables x in field regulator control system can be solved according to formula (2) is countereJoin with voltage Examine value Vref;Stabilizer model exports Vs=0, according to Vs and input feedback value up(such as set end voltage, rotating speed etc.) is according to formula (2) anti-all state variables x are solvedp.
(ii) treat that synchronous motor switches to fixed rotating speed motor model in system after the completion of other elements initialization, input Field regulator and stabilizer model, state variable x obtained from excitation according to initial phase after coming into operationeAccording to formula (1) numerical integration backward, with initial runtime E if field regulator is not containedf0Export as excitation, keep constant;Stable State variable x that device is obtained according to initial phasepAccording to formula (1) numerical integration backward, if without stabilizer model, Vs is protected Hold 0 constant;This stage unit will according to rotor vacillation steady-state equation output needed for machine torque Tm0, according to Tm0With other measurements Amount ug(such as rotating speed etc.) solves all state variables x in speed regulator prime mover model according to formula (2) is counterg.
(iii) prime mover governor model is put into after running some milliseconds, and speed regulator prime mover is obtained with initial phase State variable xgAccording to formula (1) numerical integration backward, if not containing speed regulator prime mover model, with initial runtime Tm0As Prime mover output keeps constant, and so far generating set model starts and completes.
Now by taking excitation model FV cards in BPA softwares shown in Fig. 2 as an example, illustrate by this model for can quick and smooth start Electro-magnetic transient DCgenerator motor field model process.Block diagram according to Fig. 2 writes out its time domain space expression formula of equal value such as Under:
According to the anticipated output and outside correlated inputs condition of model, each state variable is solved initial with voltage reference value Condition is as follows:
When the model is write using programming language, according to the initialization operation or root that enable signal behavior such as formula (4) Numerical integration is carried out according to formula (3);Stabilizer, prime mover governor model are defined according to similar approach.
Simulation calculation flow process having as the model of the present invention is implemented to four Ji Liang areas examples as shown in Figure 5 below The checking of effect property.Generator excitation model adopts FV snap gauge types, remaining generator assembly or network element with well-known Four machine two compartment models are identical, and in Fig. 4, generator model mode switch time is respectively 1.2s and 1.3s.
No. 8 bus bar side three phase short circuit faults during 2s, the simulation result of time delay 0.1s failure removals is as shown in fig. 6, which shows The PSCAD result of calculations and BPA result of calculations of each generator excitation output, while illustrate carry in existing model library ST1A models, its parameter are given according to the approximate principle of correspondence according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and both parameter values are as shown in table 1 with corresponding:
Table 1
FV ST1A
0 TR=0.02 TR=0.02
1 K=500 VI MAX=10
2 Kv=1.0 VI MIN=-10
3 T1=1.0 TC (sec)=T1
4 T2=10.0 TB (sec)=T2
5 T3=0.025 TC1 (sec)=T3
6 T4=0.025 TB1 (sec)=T4
7 KA=1 KA=KA*K
8 TA=0.01 TA=0.01
9 VAmax=10.0 VAMAX=10.0
10 VAmin=-10.0 VAMIN=-10.0
11 KF=0.0 VRMAX=10
12 TF=1.0 VRMIN=-10
13 KC=0.001 KC=0.001
14 VRmax=10 KF=0.0
15 VRmin=-10 TF=1.0
16 KLR=0
17 ILR=0
As seen from Figure 6, the model emulation curve for being obtained according to the approximate corresponding relation of parameter has diverging to shake after failure removal The trend that swings, and not only quickly can be started as the model for carrying using self-definition model of the present invention, while self-defined encourage The output of magnetic model has very high similitude with the output of BPA excitations, the validity of stability of a system research conclusion is had great Castering action.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and apply the present invention. Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to above-described embodiment, and described herein general Principle is applied in other embodiment without through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability Announcement of the field technique personnel according to the present invention, the improvement that makes for the present invention and modification all should be in protection scope of the present invention Within.

Claims (5)

1. the generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method that a kind of quick and smooth starts, comprises the steps:
(1) for any component of generating set, the state that the transmission function block diagram of the component model is launched into time domain is empty Between expression formula, and then equation expression formula for solving component states matrix of variables x is obtained such as according to the state-space expression Under:
0 = f ( x , u ) y 0 = g ( x , u )
Wherein:y0For the anticipated output of component model, input variable matrixes of the u for component model, evolutions of the f () for component model Expression formula, output expression formulas of the g () for component model;
(2) make each component in generating set former dynamic by power system stabilizer, PSS, field regulator, synchronous generator, speed regulator Machine is sequentially connected;
(3) when generating set place system starts, set end voltage and phase angle that synchronous generator is obtained according to Load flow calculation Run with ideal source form, and the excitation voltage E according to needed for the output of generator electromagnetic circuit steady-state modelf0And measured value ueAnti- state variable x solved in field regulator modele, and then according to state variable xeTried to achieve by field regulator model Voltage reference value Vref;Make power system stabilizer, PSS model export auxiliary control signal Vs=0, according to auxiliary control signal Vs with Input feedback value upAnti- state variable x solved in power system stabilizer, PSS modelp
(4) treat that synchronous generator switches to fixed rotating speed motor mould by ideal source in system after the completion of other elements initialization Type, and put into excitation adjuster model and power system stabilizer, PSS model;After coming into operation, field regulator is according to initialization rank State variable x that section is obtainedeNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, if field regulator mould Under type deletion condition, then field regulator exports the excitation voltage E of initial runtimef0And keep constant;Power system stabilizer, PSS root State variable x obtained according to initial phasepNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, if electric In the case of Force system stabilizer model deficiency, then power system stabilizer, PSS exports auxiliary control signal Vs=0 and keeps constant;
Machine torque T of the synchronous generator according to needed for the output of rotor vacillation steady-state equation in this phase processm0And measured value ugAnti- state variable x solved in speed regulator prime mover modelg
(5) speed regulator prime mover model is put into after some milliseconds of system operation, after coming into operation, speed regulator prime mover is according to initial State variable x that the change stage obtainsgNumerical integration is carried out according to state-space expression and exports integral result, if speed regulator is former Under Motivation Model deletion condition, then speed regulator prime mover exports the machine torque T of initial runtimem0And keep constant;
So far generating set model starts and completes, and all component executes subsequent simulation according to the state-space expression.
2. generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The state space expression Formula is as follows:
x · = f ( x , u ) y = g ( x , u )
Wherein:For the derivative of component states matrix of variables x, output signals of the y for component model.
3. generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Lead in step (3) Cross anti-state variable x solved in field regulator model of below equatione
0 = f e ( x e , u e ) E f 0 = g e ( x e , u e )
Wherein:feThe evolution expression formula of () for field regulator model, geThe output expression formula of () for field regulator model.
4. generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Lead in step (3) Cross anti-state variable x solved in power system stabilizer, PSS model of below equationp
0 = f p ( x p , u p ) V s = g p ( x p , u p )
Wherein:fpThe evolution expression formula of () for power system stabilizer, PSS model, gpThe output of () for power system stabilizer, PSS model Expression formula.
5. generating set electromagnetical transient emulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Lead in step (4) Cross anti-state variable x solved in speed regulator prime mover model of below equationg
0 = f g ( x g , u g ) T m 0 = g g ( x g , u g )
Wherein:fgThe evolution expression formula of () for speed regulator prime mover model, gg() is expressed for the output of speed regulator prime mover model Formula.
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CN107592044A (en) * 2017-09-20 2018-01-16 四川理工学院 A kind of initial method of the self-defined engine controllers of PSCAD
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