CN106499388B - Numerical value processing and displaying method for azimuth logging curve - Google Patents

Numerical value processing and displaying method for azimuth logging curve Download PDF

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CN106499388B
CN106499388B CN201611130100.1A CN201611130100A CN106499388B CN 106499388 B CN106499388 B CN 106499388B CN 201611130100 A CN201611130100 A CN 201611130100A CN 106499388 B CN106499388 B CN 106499388B
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azimuth
point
curve
data
adjacent depth
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CN106499388A (en
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杨春文
王慧萍
何素文
吕和军
周贤斌
何小兵
郭树兵
刘洋
田新
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North China Measurement And Control Co Of Sinopec Jingwei Co ltd
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec North China Petroleum Engineering Corp
Sinopec Jingwei Co Ltd
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Sinopec North China Petroleum Engineering Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing and displaying numerical values of an azimuth logging curve, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development. The method comprises the steps of firstly judging whether azimuth curve data has an azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point; then, carrying out numerical value transformation on the adjacent depth points with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' by taking 360 degrees as a period to obtain curve data with periodic change; and finally, normalizing the curve value within the range of [0, 360] according to the characteristics of the azimuth curve. The invention carries out numerical value transformation on adjacent depth points with 'orientation change characteristics passing through 0 point' by taking 360 degrees as a period, solves the problems of numerical value processing and application abnormity when an orientation curve swings left and right near 0(360) degrees and rotates periodically, overcomes the problem of processing result distortion of the existing processing method, and enables the processing and orientation data application results to be more reasonable and accurate.

Description

Numerical value processing and displaying method for azimuth logging curve
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for processing and displaying numerical values of an azimuth logging curve, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development.
Background
Many logging instruments for oil and gas exploration, development and logging are provided with azimuth logging nipples for determining a well body structure and a structure beside a well, when the logging instruments swing or rotate due to torsion of cables in the lowering or lifting process, an azimuth curve measured by an azimuth measuring instrument can record the relative position of a probe of the logging instrument.
The problems that exist are that: the numerical value of the azimuth logging curve changes between 0 degree and 360 degrees, when the instrument periodically rotates or swings left and right near 0(360) degrees, the existing drawing mode causes the curve to jump suddenly (such as the curve in figure 5) and is not in accordance with the actual azimuth change condition (such as the curve in figure 5); when the rotation speed of the instrument is too fast and the sampling rate of the azimuth curve is low, the displayed curve visually causes the feeling that the azimuth is not rotated to the side (as shown in figure 5); carrying out numerical processing such as filtering and interpolation on the orientation curve by using the conventional numerical processing method, wherein the processing result is seriously distorted in the range of 0 degree (360 degrees) (as shown in figure 6); and (3) performing azimuth correction on the imaging data by using the azimuth curve after resampling interpolation, wherein the image has deformity (for example, as shown in fig. 7, the dynamic image after azimuth correction has strip-shaped dislocation).
Reason analysis: compared with other well logs, the azimuth curve has specificity: the curve values vary from 0 to 360; the directional property is that 0 degree and 360 degree are the same azimuth position (but the absolute value of the two values is different by 360). The reason for this is that the existing logging and application software only represents the magnitude of the numerical value when processing and displaying the numerical value of the orientation curve, and does not consider the orientation of the orientation curve.
As shown in fig. 8, the left data is the data of the polar plate orientation curve part of the X-well EMI electric imaging logging tool during counterclockwise rotation in the well, when the orientation values of two adjacent depth points on the upper and lower sides change from 0.414005 degrees to 358.946136, the actual angle changes 1.467869 degrees (0.414005 + (360-358.946136)), but the azimuth values of the two points are different from 358.532131 (358.946136-0.414005) in numerical view; the right data is the result of resampling and interpolating 0.414005, 358.946136 data by the existing data processing method, and the image data is corrected by the orientation curve after resampling, so that the anomaly of fig. 7 occurs, that is, the dynamic image after orientation correction has stripe-shaped dislocation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a numerical value processing method of an azimuth logging curve, which aims to solve the problems of horizontal swing and periodic rotation of the azimuth curve around 0(360) DEG; the invention also provides a numerical value display method of the azimuth logging curve, which aims to solve the problem that the azimuth rotation cannot reach the edge of the currently displayed azimuth curve.
The invention provides a numerical processing method of an azimuth logging curve for solving the technical problems, which comprises the following steps:
1) judging whether the azimuth curve data has 0-point azimuth change characteristics or not;
2) carrying out numerical value transformation on the adjacent depth points with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' by taking 360 degrees as a period to obtain curve data with periodic change;
3) normalizing the curve data obtained in the step 2) in a numerical value range of [0, 360] according to the characteristics of the azimuth curve.
Further, the 0-point passing orientation change feature in the step 1) refers to: when the azimuth angle values alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>At 360 DEG to delta alpha, the azimuth data of the two depth points are considered to have an azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point, and delta alpha is a given angle value change quantity of 0 DEG<Δα<180°。
Further, the step 2) is to subtract 360 degrees from the azimuth with the larger azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth data to realize the numerical transformation.
Further, the step 2) further comprises performing interpolation and filtering processing on the obtained curve data with periodic variation.
Further, the step 3) is obtained by performing a 360-degree complementation operation on the orientation curve data in the step 2).
The invention also provides a numerical value display method of the azimuth logging curve, which comprises the following steps:
1) judging whether the azimuth curve data has 0-point azimuth change characteristics or not;
2) extrapolating the data of the adjacent depth points with the 0-point-passing azimuth change characteristic to find the 0-point-passing position, and calculating the 0-point-passing depth coordinate;
3) and connecting the adjacent depth points with the '0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic' with the obtained '0-point-crossing' to realize that the curve extends to the 0-degree and/or 360-degree azimuth boundary.
Further, the 0-point passing orientation change feature in the step 1) refers to: when the azimuth angle values alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>At 360 DEG to delta alpha, the azimuth data of the two depth points are considered to have an azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point, and delta alpha is a given angle value change quantity of 0 DEG<Δα<180°。
Further, the extrapolation of the adjacent depth point data with the "0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic" means that the point with the smaller azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points is extrapolated to the next period, and the point with the larger azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points is extrapolated to the previous period.
Further, the "0 point crossing" depth coordinate y0 in step 2) is:
y0＝y1+x1*(y2-y1)/(x1+360-x2)
wherein (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are coordinates of two adjacent depth points respectively, y1 and y2 are depth coordinates of two adjacent depth points respectively, x1 and x2 are azimuth angle values of two adjacent depth points respectively, and x1< x 2.
Furthermore, one of the depth coordinates of the 'point 0 crossing' is located on a 0-degree line, and the other is located on a 360-degree line, the point with the smaller azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points is connected with the depth coordinate on the 0-degree line, and the point with the larger azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points is connected with the depth coordinate on the 360-degree line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that firstly, the invention judges whether the azimuth curve data has the azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point; then, carrying out numerical value transformation on the adjacent depth points with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' by taking 360 degrees as a period to obtain curve data with periodic change; and finally, normalizing the curve value within the range of [0, 360] according to the characteristics of the azimuth curve. The invention carries out numerical value transformation on adjacent depth points with 'orientation change characteristics passing through 0 point' by taking 360 degrees as a period, solves the problems of numerical value processing and application abnormity when an orientation curve swings left and right near 0(360) degrees and rotates periodically, overcomes the problem of processing result distortion of the existing processing method, and enables the processing and orientation data application results to be more reasonable and accurate.
The invention also extrapolates the data of the adjacent depth points with the 0-point passing azimuth change characteristic to find the 0-point passing position; and connecting the adjacent depth points with the '0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic' with the obtained '0-point-crossing' to realize that the curve extends to the 0-degree and/or 360-degree azimuth boundary. The problem that the azimuth rotation cannot reach the edge is solved, the continuity and the integrity of the change of the azimuth curve are ensured, and the real condition of the swing of the instrument is restored.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for displaying azimuth well log values according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the concept definition of "0-point-crossing azimuth change feature" and "0-point-crossing";
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of calculating the "0-point-passed" position;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the result of plotting an azimuth curve having an "0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic";
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a problem with an orientation curve;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of an orientation curve filtering problem;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example of an application problem of an orientation curve resampling interpolation result;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a portion of data for a polar plate orientation curve during downhole counterclockwise rotation;
FIG. 9 is a comparison verification plot of the results of the filtering process of the orientation curve in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process of resampling interpolation for an orientation curve according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary application of the interpolation resampling processing result of the orientation curve in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the application and comparison of the results of the interpolation resampling process for the orientation curve in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a pictorial illustration of a plot of an orientation curve in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a characteristic that the orientation curve swings right and left around 0(360) degrees in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment of numerical value processing method for azimuth logging curve
The numerical processing method of the azimuth logging curve aims at the problems that the azimuth curve swings left and right and rotates periodically around 0(360) degrees, the flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the specific steps are as follows.
1. And (3) judging the 0-point azimuth change characteristic of the azimuth curve data to be processed.
Firstly, the definition of the '0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic' is given, and alpha is set1、α2Is an azimuth angle variable (alpha)1∈[0,Δα)、α2∈(360-Δα,360]) Δ α is a small amount of change (0) in the angle value<Δα<180) (e.g., 30) when the azimuth angle values of two adjacent depth points are from alpha1Mutation to alpha2Or from alpha2Mutation to alpha1When the two data points are defined to have the "0-point-passing azimuth change characteristic", the intersection point O of the connecting line of the azimuth coordinates of the two depth points and the 0(360) azimuth line is the "0-point-passing", for example, A, B two adjacent depth points and C, D two adjacent depth points in fig. 2 both have the "0-point-passing azimuth change characteristic", and point O is the "0-point-passing" thereof, where d is the "0-point-passing" of the two data points1And d2The depth coordinates of two adjacent depth points are different by a sampling interval.
The judgment of the "0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic" is as follows: giving a small change in angular value Δ α (0 °)<Δα<180 deg. (e.g. 30), when the azimuth angle value alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>360- Δ α, the two depth point position data are considered to have the "0 point position change over characteristic".
2. And carrying out numerical value transformation on the adjacent depth point data with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' by taking 360 degrees as a period to obtain curve data with periodic change.
The logging azimuth curve has the following characteristics:
(1) α ∈ [0 °, 360 ° ]: the azimuth angle varies between 0 and 360 degrees;
(2) 0-360 °: 0 degrees and 360 degrees are the same azimuth position;
(3) α mod (α, 360 °), α <0 ° or α >360 ° with periodicity in azimuth, mod being a modulo operation function;
(4)-α＝360°-α，α＝α-360°。
when adjacent depth point data alpha1、α2With the "0-point-crossing azimuth change feature", the numerical value can be converted as follows according to the above feature:
if α is1>α2，α1＝α1-360°；
Otherwise alpha2＝α2-360°。
Through the process, the adjacent depth points with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' can be subjected to numerical value transformation according to a period of 360 degrees to obtain curve data with periodic change.
The obtained curve data with periodic variation is subjected to numerical processing such as interpolation, filtering and the like in a conventional curve processing mode, and conventional curve interpolation and filtering processing methods such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, Newton interpolation, Gaussian filtering, Hanning filtering and the like are various, so that detailed description is omitted. If the adjacent depth point data does not have the azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point, the data is kept unchanged, and interpolation and filtering processing can be directly carried out.
3. And (3) normalizing the result data processed in the step (2) into a range of [0 degrees and 360 degrees ] according to the characteristics of the orientation curve, and providing the result data for the application of the orientation curve.
According to the azimuth curve feature (3): val is mod (Val, 360 °), and the processing result value is normalized to the range of [0 °, 360 ° ].
Through the process, the invention can overcome the problem of distortion of the processing result of the existing processing method, and enables the processing and direction data application result to be more reasonable and accurate.
Embodiment of numerical value display method for azimuth logging curve
1. It is detected whether there is a "0 point-crossing orientation change feature" between data points to be plotted.
The detection of the "0-point-crossing orientation change feature" is based on the following: giving a small change in angular value Δ α (0 °)<Δα<180 deg. (e.g. 30 deg.), when the azimuth angle value alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>360- Δ α, the two depth point position data are considered to have the "0 point position change over characteristic".
2. And extrapolating the data of the adjacent depth points with the 0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic to determine the 0-point-crossing position.
Taking two adjacent depth points P1(x1, y1) and P2(x2, y2) as an example, as shown in fig. 3, the determination process of the "0-point-passing" positions of P1 and P2 is as follows:
A. and extrapolating the point with the smaller azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points to the next period, and extrapolating the point with the larger azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points to the previous period to obtain the corresponding extrapolated point.
In the embodiment, the azimuth angle of P1 in two adjacent depth points P1(x1, y1) and P2(x2, y2) is smaller than that of P2, and P1 and P2 are respectively pushed outwards to the next cycle and the previous cycle to obtain points a1(x1+360 °, y1) and a2(x2-360 °, y 2).
B. And obtaining the intersection points of the two adjacent depth points and the 0-degree line and the 360-degree line respectively according to the determined extrapolation points.
Connecting points A2P1 and A1P2 respectively, and intersecting the lines of 0 degrees and 360 degrees at points B1(0, y01) and B2(360 degrees and y 02);
because the line segment A2D1 ═ P2C2, C1P1 ═ D2A1, C1A1// A2C2
May infer ^ B1A2D1 ≡ B2P2C2,. DELTA.C 1B1P1 ≡ D2B2A1
Therefore, y01 is y02 and is counted as y0, and point (0 °, y01) and point (360 °, y02) are at the same azimuth position, that is, at the "0-point-crossing" position of (x1, y1) and (x2, y 2).
C. The "0-point-over" depth coordinate is calculated.
The y0 calculation formula can be derived according to the triangle similarity principle:
y0＝y1+x1*(y2-y1)/(x1+360°-x2)
when x1 is 0 °, y0 is y 1; when x2 is 360 °, y0 is y 2.
3. Drawing of curves
Connecting the obtained depth coordinate of the 'point 0 crossing' with two adjacent depth points, wherein the depth coordinate of the 'point 0 crossing' is located on a 0-degree line one and on a 360-degree line one, connecting the point with smaller azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points with the depth coordinate on the 0-degree line, and connecting the point with larger azimuth angle in the two adjacent depth points with the depth coordinate on the 360-degree line.
The zero-crossing depth coordinates obtained in this embodiment are B1 and B2, B1 is located on the 0-degree line, B2 is located on the 360-degree line, and the azimuth angle of P1 is smaller than that of P2, so that connecting lines P1B1 and B2P2 are drawn, the curve is extended to the 0 ° (360 °) azimuth boundary, and the continuity and integrity of the change of the azimuth curve are ensured, as shown in fig. 4.
Through the process, the display method disclosed by the invention overcomes the problem that the azimuth rotation is not to the side through the depth coordinate calculation of the '0 point' and the curve extrapolation, ensures the continuity and the integrity of the change of the azimuth curve and restores the real swinging condition of the instrument.
The effects of the present invention will be described below by way of specific application examples.
Example 1: verification of orientation curve numerical filtering processing method
In order to verify the correctness of the azimuth curve filtering method, an example with obvious numerical change of azimuth data is selected.
FIG. 9 is a polar plate orientation curve measured by EMI electric imaging logging, because the well instrument is rotating seriously, when the curve is filtered according to the conventional curve mode, the orientation curve value above and below 0 point is distorted seriously, the filtering result is closer to the actual orientation curve variation trend according to the method of the invention, and the problem that the orientation is not rotated to the side is overcome.
Example 2: the orientation curve interpolation method is applied.
When an EMI electric imaging logging image is processed, a first polar plate orientation curve is needed to carry out orientation correction on static image data and dynamic image data, in the test data file, the orientation curve sampling rate (10 points/m) is lower than the polar plate conductivity curve sampling rate (400 points/m), and resampling interpolation processing needs to be carried out on the orientation curve. FIG. 10 is a comparison of the results of resampling the polar plate orientation curve one number for the EMI electrical imaging log being tested, it is clear that the orientation resampling mode processing results are closer to the actual orientation curve variation trend, and the "not-to-edge" effect caused by the rapid run-up of the downhole tool and the lower sampling rate is eliminated.
Example 3: application of azimuth curve interpolation processing result
And (3) applying the orientation curve interpolation resampling processing result in image processing.
In the attached figure 11, the left and right image channels respectively adopt a conventional curve interpolation mode and an azimuth curve interpolation resampling mode to perform interpolation processing on the azimuth curve of the first polar plate, the azimuth curve after resampling interpolation is used for performing azimuth correction on imaging data, obviously, the azimuth correction is performed on the processing result by using an azimuth curve interpolation resampling method, and the strip dislocation phenomenon in the image is eliminated.
FIG. 12 is a comparison graph of the application result of the orientation curve resampling method and similar software at home and abroad, the first is a polar plate orientation curve, the second is a dynamic image processed by applying the orientation curve resampling method of the invention to the Chinese and petrochemical logging data processing software Loik, the third, fourth and fifth are dynamic images processed by the Schlumberger GeoFrame software and other software at home, the Loik orientation correction result and the GeoFrame processing result can be seen through comparison, and the images processed by other software at home have obvious step-type and herringbone-type image dislocation phenomenon when the orientation is rotated.
Example 4: application of direction curve drawing display method
FIG. 13 is a drawing of the polar plate orientation curve according to the present invention and the existing curve, showing the results by comparison, wherein the first curve is the depth curve, the second curve is the result by the existing curve, the 3 rd and 4 th curves are the results by the orientation curve according to the present invention, wherein the 3 rd curve is the closed line passing through the 0 th point according to the traditional curve drawing, and the 4 th curve is not the closed line.
Fig. 14 is a specific example of the azimuth curve swinging left and right around 0(360) degrees, and the results are displayed in different drawing manners, so that it can be seen that the drawing results obtained by drawing the azimuth curve in the drawing manner without drawing a closed line can more intuitively reflect the change trend of the azimuth curve, and the dotted frame part at the joint between the 4 th and 5 th lanes is the true reflection of the curve change.

Claims (8)

1. A numerical processing method of an azimuth logging curve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) judging whether the azimuth curve data has 0-point azimuth change characteristics, wherein the 0-point azimuth change characteristics refer to the following steps: when the azimuth angle values alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>At 360 DEG to delta alpha, the azimuth data of the two depth points are considered to have an azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point, and delta alpha is a given angle value change quantity of 0 DEG<Δα<180°；
2) Carrying out numerical value transformation on the adjacent depth points with the '0-point passing azimuth change characteristic' by taking 360 degrees as a period to obtain curve data with periodic change;
3) normalizing the curve data obtained in the step 2) in a numerical value range of [0, 360] according to the characteristics of the azimuth curve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 2) is to subtract 360 degrees from the larger azimuth angle of the two adjacent depth data to perform numerical transformation.
3. The numerical processing method of the azimuth logging curve as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step 2) further comprises performing interpolation and filtering processing on the obtained curve data with periodic variation.
4. The numerical processing method of the azimuth logging curve according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) is obtained by performing a 360-degree complementation operation on the azimuth curve data in the step 2).
5. A numerical value display method for an azimuth logging curve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) judging whether the azimuth curve data has 0-point azimuth change characteristics, wherein the 0-point azimuth change characteristics refer to the following steps: when the azimuth angle values alpha of two adjacent depth points1、α2Satisfies | α1-α2|>At 360 DEG to delta alpha, the azimuth data of the two depth points are considered to have an azimuth change characteristic of passing 0 point, and delta alpha is a given angle value change quantity of 0 DEG<Δα<180°；
2) Extrapolating the data of the adjacent depth points with the 0-point-passing azimuth change characteristic to find the 0-point-passing position, and calculating the 0-point-passing depth coordinate;
3) and connecting the adjacent depth point with the '0-point-crossing azimuth change characteristic' with the obtained '0-point-crossing', and realizing that the curve extends to the 0-degree and/or 360-degree azimuth boundary.
6. The method for displaying numerical values of an azimuth log according to claim 5, wherein the extrapolating the data of the adjacent depth points having the "0-point-crossing azimuth change feature" means extrapolating the point with the smaller azimuth angle of the two adjacent depth points to the next cycle and the point with the larger azimuth angle of the two adjacent depth points to the previous cycle.
7. The numerical value display method of an azimuth log according to claim 5, wherein the depth coordinate y0 of "0 point crossing" in the step 2) is:
y0＝y1+x1*(y2-y1)/(x1+360-x2)
wherein (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are coordinates of two adjacent depth points respectively, y1 and y2 are depth coordinates of two adjacent depth points respectively, x1 and x2 are azimuth angle values of two adjacent depth points respectively, and x1< x 2.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the depth coordinates of the "0-point-crossing" are located on a 0-degree line and 360-degree lines, respectively, and the point with the smaller azimuth angle of the two adjacent depth points is connected to the depth coordinate of the 0-degree line, and the point with the larger azimuth angle of the two adjacent depth points is connected to the depth coordinate of the 360-degree line.
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