CN106493184A - A kind of parallel channels corner undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification - Google Patents
A kind of parallel channels corner undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification Download PDFInfo
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- CN106493184A CN106493184A CN201611050193.7A CN201611050193A CN106493184A CN 106493184 A CN106493184 A CN 106493184A CN 201611050193 A CN201611050193 A CN 201611050193A CN 106493184 A CN106493184 A CN 106493184A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of parallel channels corner undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification, comprises the following steps：(1) titanium chip recycling pretreatment；(2) ball-milling treatment of titanium chip；(3) the jacket encapsulation of titanium chip；(4) jacket encapsulates the room temperature pre-extrusion of titanium chip；(5) parallel channels corner undergauge Compound Extrusion hot setting processing：To 570 600 DEG C, drift applies the extruding force of 0.9～1.0GPa to heating mould, can obtain equivalent strain accumulation～2 by single pass processing, it is sufficient to solidifies the titanium chip in jacket, then releases the titanium chip for solidifying by fine aluminium puppet sample；(6) quench.The method is in composite extrusion die, after being extruded by single pass, the equivalent strain sum for being accumulated as parallel channels corner extrusion and undergauge extruding of equivalent strain amount, improve Strain Accumulation efficiency, avoid high temperature founding, it is adaptable to carry out the recovery of the high smelting cost metals resources with titanium as representative and remanufacture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material processing method, more particularly to a kind of parallel channels corner of titanium chip circulation solidification-
Undergauge coextrusion method.
Background technology
Titanium is the metals resources of high smelting cost, and its biocompatibility is excellent, corrosion resistance is good, mechanical property is suitable, is system
Make the important materials of medical apparatus and instruments, artificial joint, large-scale derived energy chemical container etc..But, in order to manufacture high accuracy Ti structure, need
The larger allowance of design, substantial amounts of raw material translate into discarded chip.Traditional high temperature founding process energy consumption is big, pollution
Weight, efficiency is low, and cast sturcture's coarse grains, poor-performing.Solid phase is circulated and is remanufactured because avoiding high temperature founding, is to realize gold
Category resource high-efficiency, an effective way of cleaning circulation.Found by the literature search to prior art, equal channel angular is squeezed
Pressure (Equal channel angular pressing, abbreviation ECAP) technology is applied to process borings, can refine crystalline substance
Grain, improves the microstructure form for remanufacturing material, improves mechanical performance.Lapovok etc. exists《Journal of Materials
Science》" Multicomponent materials from machining are delivered on 1193-1204 page of volume 49 within 2014
Chips compacted by equal-channel angular pressing are (by Equal-channel Angular Pressing chip formation system
Standby multi-component material) " text, it was recently reported that by being mutually mixed for aluminum chip and magnesium chip, by the multigroup division of ECAP circular regenerations
Golden material；Luo etc. exists《Journal of Materials Science》Deliver on 4606-4612 page of volume 45 within 2010
“Recycling of titanium machining chips by severe plastic deformation
Consolidation (the severe plastic deformation solid cycle of titanium chip) " texts, propose by reclaiming 2 grades of discarded titanium (ASTM
Grade 2) chips, and circulated by ECAP technology and remanufacture block materials.Additionally, Zhao etc. exists《Scripta
Materialia》" Microstructure and properties of pure are delivered on 542-545 page of volume 59 within 2008
Titanium processed by equal-channel angular pressing at room temperature " (rooms
Warm Equal-channel Angular Pressing prepares the micro-structure and property of pure titanium) text, use single pass ECAP deformation process titaniums at room temperature
Material.In order to reduce resistance of deformation, ECAP moulds angle increases to 120 degree by 90 degree, and extruding rate relatively low (0.5mm/s),
It reduce Rate of strain accumulation and the working (machining) efficiency of ECAP.
Valiev etc. exists《Advanced Engineering Materials》Deliver on 527-533 page of volume 9 within 2007
" The innovation potential of bulk nanostructured materials " (leather of bulk nanostructured material
New potentiality) text, two-step method processing bulk ultrafine-grained materials are proposed, the technology includes the ECAP pre-extrusion of 120 degree of corners, and
Finally two steps of extruding, by this integrated manufacturing technology, can be prepared by bar and be formed with axial symmetry ratchet outline shape
Microelectron-mechanical part.Valiev and Langdon exist《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
A-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science》Deliver on 2942-2951 page of volume 42 within 2011
“Achieving exceptional grain refinement though severe plastic deformation:new
Approaches for improving the processing technology " (are realized by severe plastic deformation ultra-fine
Crystallization：Improve the new way of process technology) text, the ECAP technology with parallel channels is proposed, mould includes two corners, per
One corner is 120 degree.Extruded by single pass, just obtain～2 total equivalent strain.Its Rate of strain accumulation and working (machining) efficiency
About 2 times are improve than conventional ECAP techniques.
Ball milling (Ball milling, abbreviation BM) is a kind of severe plastic deformation for being widely used in and preparing superfine powdery material
Technology.Mahboubi Soufiani etc. exist to be found to the retrieval of prior art literature《Materials and Design》2012
" Formation mechanism and characterization of are delivered on 152-160 page of volume 37 of year
(prepared by mechanical alloying for nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy prepared by mechanical alloying
The Forming Mechanism of Ti6Al4V alloy nanostructures and sign) " text, report with titanium, aluminum, vanadium micropowder as raw material, by BM skills
Art prepares the Ti-6Al-4V alloys of nanoscale (less than 100nm).Additionally, Zadra exists《Materials Science and
Engineering A》Deliver within 2013 that " Mechanical alloying of titanium be (titanium on 105-113 page of volume 583
Mechanical alloying) " text, Ti powder of the initial feed less than 150 μm, first by BM process, pure titanium of the acquisition less than 25 μm
Superfines, and block titanium is obtained by discharge plasma sintering.
The conventional art of discarded metal chip circular treatment is remelting and casting.However, high temperature founding energy consumption is big, pollution
Weight, efficiency is low, and cast sturcture's coarse grains, and mechanical performance is poor.For avoiding high temperature founding, solid-phase sintering mode can be adopted.
But, titanium (Ti) is the active metal for being easy to aoxidize, and its chip surface oxide is with TiO2Form is present, and which is strong but pliable in texture, though
So through multi-pass ECAP process rear oxidation thing can crush to a certain extent, disperse, but, the continuous distribution of larger oxide
The metallurgical imperfection in microstructure will be formed, weaken the mechanical performance of material.Also there is the refinement limit in ECAP processing, that is, work as dynamic
When recrystallization reaches balance with strain refinement effect, then ECAP will be difficult to make microstructure further be refined to nanoscale.And,
Under the conditions of 90 degree of corners, the equivalent strain that the processing of ECAP single pass is produced is about 1, and in order to add up to strain, palpus multi-pass is repeatedly
Extruding, therefore the Rate of strain accumulation of ECAP and working (machining) efficiency have much room for improvement.Meanwhile, superfine powder must carry out hot pressing after BM process
Sintering or powder squeeze/the subsequent treatment operation such as forging and stamping to obtain block materials, and in these operations, because heating (sintering) time
Long, and the impact of the factor such as dynamic recrystallization, grain coarsening will occur, weaken the strength of materials.Above technical problem is at present still
Do not solve well.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification,
To improve Strain Accumulation and working (machining) efficiency, prepare the blocks of large Ti materials of full densification, realize discarded Ti chips efficient,
Cleaning recycling.
The present invention for the solution technical scheme that adopts of its technical problem is,
A kind of parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification, comprises the following steps：
(1) titanium chip recycling pretreatment：Titanium chip raw material is cleaned using ethanol, to remove the oil in raw material
Dirty and impurity；The chip that titanium chip raw material can be generated using the 2 grades of titaniums (ASTM Grade 2) obtained by end mill processing,
Cleaning preferably using the method being cleaned by ultrasonic, for example, is cleaned in ultrasonic activation groove, the ethanol of ethanol used preferably 99.9%；
(2) ball-milling treatment of titanium chip：Pretreated titanium chip is inserted in the ball mill container for including steel ball, while plus
Enter process control agent, ball milling 10-20 hours under the protection of inert gas atmosphere, rotating speed 280-350rpm；
Preferably, between titanium chip and steel ball, mass ratio is 12-20:1, a diameter of 7-12mm of steel ball, described excessively program control
Preparation is selected from stearic acid, straight iron powder etc., preferably stearic acid, and the addition of process control agent is 0.5-2wt%；Noble gases can
Being nitrogen, argon, helium etc., preferably argon.It is to prevent chip over oxidation during BM to keep inert atmosphere.This
Outward, liquid nitrogen circulation is passed to preferably by external container, to reduce the friction temperature of chip-steel ball, and machine often runs one section
Time 1-2 hour suspends 10-15 minutes；
(3) the jacket encapsulation of titanium chip：One layer of kollag of steel cylinder outer wrapping, drum diameter are straight less than die channel
Steel cylinder-kollag is inserted cold stamping die by footpath, and titanium chip is filled in steel cylinder cavity, then will be cut with hand press
Bits preliminary consolidation；
Preferably, steel cylinder material is that kollag can select graphite paper, masking foil through the rustless steel for making annealing treatment
Deng preferred graphite paper；
(4) jacket encapsulates the room temperature pre-extrusion of titanium chip：Jacket encapsulation titanium chip is inserted parallel channels corner-undergauge to squeeze
The intake channel of compression mould, then insert fine aluminium puppet sample, for promote jacket encapsulate titanium chip, loaded titanium chip and
Drift on a hydraulic press, is put into die inlet passage, and the pressure of constantly improve drift, extremely by the mould installion of fine aluminium puppet sample
Stop pre-extrusion during～500MPa；This step can further improve the degree of packing of chip, prevent titanium chip mistake in hot setting
Degree oxidation；
(5) parallel channels corner-undergauge Compound Extrusion hot setting processing：To 570-600 DEG C, drift applies heating mould
The extruding force of 0.9～1.0GPa, can obtain equivalent strain accumulation～2 by single pass processing, it is sufficient to which the titanium solidified in jacket is cut
Bits, then the titanium chip for solidifying is released by fine aluminium puppet sample；
(6) quench：The block titanium obtained in parallel channels corner-undergauge extruding hot setting procedure of processing is passed through water
Cold mode is quickly quenching into room temperature.
It is an advantage of the current invention that the method practicality simple to operate, controllability is strong, high in machining efficiency.By implementing at BM
Reason, chip surface oxide (TiO2) completely crushed under the collision of steel ball, stranding stone roller.Larger oxide is effectively prevented to lack
Sunken seriality distribution and aggregation.On this basis, implement the solidification processing of high temperature Compound Extrusion, BM-Ti chips are solidified into greatly
Dimensioned blocks Ti materials.In composite extrusion die, after being extruded by single pass, equivalent strain amount is accumulated as parallel channels corner
Extruding and the equivalent strain sum of undergauge extruding, improve Strain Accumulation efficiency.In Compound Extrusion, drift is by the pseudo- examination of fine aluminium
Sample is realized the full compact curing of chip sample on the basis of back pressure technology is exempted and is smoothly taken off to promote jacket encapsulation Ti chips
Mould, so as to obtain the grained material of even tissue by single pass extruding, and thoroughly eliminates porosity defects.Due to extruding temperature
Degree control Ti recrystallization temperature (～600 DEG C) below, therefore burn compared to high temperature founding (～1200 DEG C) or plasma discharging
Other technology such as knot (～900 DEG C), the Compound Extrusion technology of the present invention can effectively suppress grain coarsening, to the full extent
Retain the ultra-fine microstructure after BM is processed.Using the technical finesse 2 grades of Ti (ASTM Grade 2) chip, by remanufacturing,
The intensity of regeneration Ti materials is higher than 2 grades of Ti business bars.The method is a kind of metals resources solid phase circular treatment skill of high-efficiency cleaning
Art, it is to avoid high temperature founding, it is adaptable to carry out the recovery of the high smelting cost metals resources with Ti as representative and remanufacture.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the signal of the parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method of titanium chip circulation solidification proposed by the present invention
Figure, in figure, 1, drift, 2, mould, 3, fine aluminium puppet sample, 4, titanium chip sample, 5, parallel channels corner extrusion module, 6, undergauge
Extruding module.
Specific embodiment
In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention is realized are easy to understand, tie below
Diagram and specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment：
1st, Ti chip recyclings pretreatment：The chip generated with 2 grades of Ti of end mill (ASTM Grade 2) is collected as raw material
After chip, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrum (Inductively coupled plasma atomic
Emission spectroscopy, abbreviation ICP-AES) its chemical composition (mass percent, wt.%) is analyzed, analysis result is such as
Shown in table 1.As shown in Table 1, meet ASTM standard scope through 2 grades of its chemical composition of Ti chips (oxygen content) of Milling Process.With
When, the ethanol using 99.9% cleans Ti chips in ultrasonic activation groove, to remove the greasy dirt in raw material and impurity etc..
2nd, the BM process of Ti chips：Steel BM containers are inserted in the Ti chips obtained by step (1), chip is (straight with steel ball
Footpath 10mm) between mass ratio be 15:1.Meanwhile, the stearic acid of 1wt.% is added as process control agent, and BM containers are filled with
Argon as protection atmosphere, to prevent chip over oxidation during BM.The rotating speed of planetary BM machines is 300rpm；BM is transported
Row total duration is 15 hours.During BM, Ti chips issue raw food weldering, harden and broken with stone roller is rubbed with the hands in the shock of steel ball.Logical
BM processing is crossed, Ti chip profiles size and oxide on surface are significantly refined.Meanwhile, by external container liquid nitrogen circulation with
Reduce the friction temperature of chip-steel ball, and machine often runs 1 hour and will suspend 12 minutes.After BM terminates, using ICP-AES
Analysis chip chemical composition, as a result as shown in table 1.As shown in Table 1, under argon protection, its oxygen contains the Ti chips through BM process
Amount only slightly rises (rising to 0.17wt% by 0.15wt%), and iron content rises to 0.64wt% by 0.10wt%, this be due to
Caused by during BM, steel ball (and steel vessel wall) is worn and is mixed into chip.
3rd, the jacket encapsulation of BM-Ti chips：Steel cylinder (material：Annealing rustless steel) one layer of graphite paper of outer wrapping (as
Kollag), the drum diameter is slightly less than die channel diameter, and steel cylinder-kollag is inserted cold stamping die, will be by
The BM-Ti chips that step (2) is obtained are filled in steel cylinder cavity, then with hand press by chip preliminary consolidation.
4th, jacket encapsulates the room temperature pre-extrusion of BM-Ti chips：Such as Fig. 1, BM-Ti will be encapsulated by the jacket that step (3) obtain
The intake channel of parallel channels corner-undergauge composite extrusion die 2 is inserted in chip 1, then inserts pure Al puppets sample 3 (for promoting
Jacket encapsulation Ti chips), loaded Ti chips and pure Al puppet sample mould installion on a hydraulic press, drift 4 is put
Enter die inlet passage, and the pressure of constantly improve drift, to stopping pre-extrusion during～500MPa.This step can further improve
The degree of packing of chip, prevents BM-Ti chips over oxidation in hot setting.Determine through Archimedes method (Archimedes),
Ti chips its relative density of room temperature pre-extrusion>99.0%.
5th, parallel channels corner-undergauge Compound Extrusion hot setting processing：Mould is wrapped up with armouring electric blanket, Ti is heated to
The following certain level (for example, 600 DEG C) of recrystallization temperature (～600 DEG C), and by temperature controller equilibrium temperature at ± 1 DEG C
Scope.For the Ti chip pressed compacts that step (4) is obtained, carry out hot setting processing.Processing speed～5mm/min.Drift is applied
Plus the extruding force of～1.0GPa, in order to solidify the Ti chips in jacket, then the Ti chips for solidifying are released by pure Al puppets sample.
6th, quench：The block Ti materials that will be obtained by step (5) Compound Extrusion hot setting are by water-cooling pattern quenching cooling
To room temperature.
Determined by Archimedes method, block remanufactures Ti materials and realizes full densification (nearly 99.99%) of relative density.Sweeping
Multiple spot observation under ultramicroscope is retouched, do not it is found that microscopic void is present.Ti material chemical compositions, its result are analyzed using ICP-AES
As shown in table 1.As shown in Table 1, the oxygen content for remanufacturing Ti materials rises to 0.22wt% by the 0.15wt% of original chip, still approximately
Oxygen content in 2 grades of Ti (ASTM Grade 2).Meanwhile, by wire cutting～4.00 × 4.00 × 6.00mm samples, and ten thousand
Performance test can be carried out in Material Testing Machine, find yield strength 450-500MPa for remanufacturing Ti materials.
Table 1 is that BM process (BM-Ti) and parallel channels corner-undergauge are multiple using the initial Ti chips of ICP-AES technical Analysis
Close the chemical composition that extruding remanufactures rear Ti chips.
Table 1
| Element | O | N | C | Fe |
| Initial Ti chips (wt.%) | 0.15 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.10 |
| BM-Ti chips (wt.%) | 0.17 | <0.01 | 0.22 | 0.64 |
| Compound Extrusion Ti chip (wt.%) | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.22 | - |
Embodiment of above technology design only to illustrate the invention and feature, its object is to allow those skilled in the art
Member understands present disclosure and is carried out, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this, all according to spirit of the invention
Equivalence changes or modification that essence is done, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation solidifies, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) titanium chip recycling pretreatment：Titanium chip raw material is cleaned using ethanol, with remove the greasy dirt in raw material and
Impurity；
(2) ball-milling treatment of titanium chip：Pretreated titanium chip is inserted in the ball mill container for including steel ball, was simultaneously introduced
Program control preparation, ball milling 10-20 hours under the protection of inert gas atmosphere, rotating speed 280-350rpm；
(3) the jacket encapsulation of titanium chip：One layer of kollag of steel cylinder outer wrapping, drum diameter, will less than die channel diameter
Cold stamping die inserted by steel cylinder-kollag, and titanium chip is filled in steel cylinder cavity, then chip is preliminary with hand press
Compacting；
(4) jacket encapsulates the room temperature pre-extrusion of titanium chip：Parallel channels corner-undergauge extrusion die is inserted in jacket encapsulation titanium chip
The intake channel of tool, then fine aluminium puppet sample is inserted, for the titanium chip for promoting jacket to encapsulate, loaded titanium chip and fine aluminium
Drift on a hydraulic press, is put into die inlet passage, and the pressure of constantly improve drift by the mould installion of pseudo- sample, to～
Stop pre-extrusion during 500MPa；
(5) parallel channels corner-undergauge Compound Extrusion hot setting processing：To 570-600 DEG C, drift applies 0.9 to heating mould
The extruding force of～1.0GPa, can obtain equivalent strain accumulation～2 by single pass processing, it is sufficient to solidify the titanium chip in jacket,
The titanium chip for solidifying is released by fine aluminium puppet sample again；
(6) quench：The block titanium obtained in parallel channels corner-undergauge extruding hot setting procedure of processing is passed through water-cooled side
Formula is quickly quenching into room temperature.
2. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (1), the chip generated using the 2 grades of titaniums obtained by end mill processing by titanium chip raw material, cleaning are adopted
Method with being cleaned by ultrasonic, ethanol used is 99.9% ethanol.
3. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (2), between titanium chip and steel ball, mass ratio is 12-20:1, a diameter of 7-12mm of steel ball.
4. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (2), process control agent is stearic acid or straight iron powder, and the addition of process control agent is 0.5-2wt%.
5. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (2), noble gases are nitrogen, argon or helium.
6. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (2), pass to liquid nitrogen circulation in external container, to reduce the friction temperature of chip-steel ball, and machine is every
Operation a period of time 1-2 hour suspends 10-15 minutes.
7. parallel channels corner-undergauge coextrusion method that a kind of titanium chip circulation according to claim 1 solidifies, its
It is characterised by, in step (3), steel cylinder material is the rustless steel through making annealing treatment, and kollag is graphite paper or masking foil.
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| CN108526235A (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2018-09-14 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of high tough titanium alloy twice time equal channel angular cold extrusion |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108526235A (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2018-09-14 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of high tough titanium alloy twice time equal channel angular cold extrusion |
| CN108526235B (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2019-08-30 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of high tough titanium alloy twice time equal channel angular cold extrusion |
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Application publication date: 20170315 |