CN106487723B - Channel estimation method and device suitable for single-antenna interference elimination technology - Google Patents
Channel estimation method and device suitable for single-antenna interference elimination technology Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a channel estimation method suitable for a single antenna interference elimination technology, which comprises the steps of carrying out pre-equalization on a signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value; reducing the sequence estimation value into a burst sequence form, and determining direction judgment through signal energy; and according to the obtained reference value of the burst sequence and the direction judgment, performing adaptive sequence estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence. The method comprises three parts of preprocessing, sequence reduction and direction judgment and adaptive channel estimation. The invention also provides a channel estimation device suitable for the single-antenna interference elimination technology, which can be suitable for the single-antenna interference elimination technology of the decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization method and improve the performance of eliminating asynchronous interference.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a channel estimation method and apparatus suitable for a single antenna interference cancellation technology.
Background
Co-channel interference (CCI) results from multiple users transmitting information in the same channel. In the GSM system of adjacent cell communication, co-channel interference as a major interference has to be considered. For the condition of the terminal in the downlink, single-antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) is undoubtedly a better method for solving the co-channel interference suppression problem.
The conventional SAIC method includes several large methods such as MIC (MIC Interference cancellation), joint detection, decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization and the like, the MIC freedom degree is insufficient, the use condition is harsh, the method cannot particularly adapt to 8PSK modulated Interference signals, the joint detection has strong Interference suppression capability but high complexity, and therefore, the performance and the complexity are comprehensively considered, and the decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization method can be used for suppressing the Interference. The method does not need to estimate the channel condition of the interference signal, so the complexity can be reduced, and meanwhile, the method is insensitive to the modulation type, can be simultaneously suitable for GMSK modulation and 8PSK modulation signals, and has a wider application range than MIC.
From the principle of the decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization technology, the method for improving the interference suppression performance can be started from three aspects, namely, the filter coefficient generation method is improved, the filtering performance is improved, the channel estimation value closer to an expected channel is used, and a longer reference sequence is provided on the basis of the original training sequence. The latter two are for obtaining more efficient filter coefficients under the fixed filter coefficient generation method. Due to the existence of asynchronous interference, the channel impulse response is estimated by using the training sequence only, the reliability is reduced, and interference may be introduced to cause a result to deviate from the expected channel estimation value greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a channel estimation method suitable for a single-antenna interference cancellation technology, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out pre-equalization on the signals to obtain a signal sequence estimation value;
reducing the sequence estimation value into a burst sequence form, and determining the self-adaptive channel estimation direction through the burst sequence; and
and according to the obtained reference value of the burst sequence and the determined self-adaptive estimation direction, performing self-adaptive sequence estimation on a half-edge sequence containing a training sequence, and when the self-adaptive estimation channel direction is determined to be a transition zone, performing self-adaptive channel estimation on the training sequence segment only.
Optionally, in the process of determining the adaptive channel estimation direction, the original burst is divided into left and right half sequences with lengths of 78 symbols from the middle point, average power values on the left and right sides are respectively calculated to obtain average power ratios on the left and right sides, and the adaptive channel estimation direction is selected as the direction with smaller average power.
Optionally, after the adaptive channel estimation direction is selected, adaptive channel estimation is performed from a side of the training sequence different from the adaptive direction, and iteration is performed from a side different from the adaptive channel estimation direction after the adaptive channel estimation is completed.
Optionally, a ratio range belonging to a transition zone is introduced according to the average power ratio of the two half sequences, and within the range, it is determined that only adaptive channel estimation of the training sequence segment is performed.
Optionally, before obtaining the signal sequence estimation value, obtaining a first channel estimation value of the signal; in the self-adaptive sequence estimation, the step length of self-adaptive channel estimation is updated according to the determined self-adaptive channel estimation direction, and the first channel estimation value is used as the initial value of the self-adaptive channel estimation.
Optionally, a first channel estimation value of the signal is obtained by using an LS channel estimation method.
Optionally, when the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be a transition zone, only the adaptive estimation is performed on the training sequence segment, and iteration is performed from the left side of the training sequence segment to the rightmost end of the training sequence.
Optionally, when the adaptive channel estimation is performed, an LMS adaptive channel estimation method is used, and a linear average of gradients of 2 to 3 points around a detection point is selected as a gradient value of the selected point.
Optionally, the method for reducing the signal sequence estimation value to the burst form is to add head and tail bits, add a training sequence in the middle, and then perform GMSK or 8PSK modulation according to the modulation form of the desired signal to obtain a reference value of the burst sequence.
A channel estimation apparatus adapted for a single antenna interference cancellation technique, comprising:
a signal pre-equalization device for pre-equalizing the signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value;
means for reducing said sequence estimate to a burst sequence form;
means for calculating an average power value corresponding to the burst sequence to determine an adaptive channel estimation direction; and
and when the direction of the self-adaptive estimation channel is determined to be a transition zone, the self-adaptive channel estimation is only carried out on the training sequence segment.
Optionally, in the process of determining the adaptive channel estimation direction, the original burst is divided into left and right half sequences with lengths of 78 symbols from the middle point, average power values on the left and right sides are respectively calculated, an average power ratio on the left and right sides is obtained, and the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be the direction with smaller average power.
Optionally, after the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined, adaptive channel estimation is performed from a side of the training sequence different from the adaptive direction, and iteration is performed from a side different from the adaptive direction after the adaptive channel estimation is completed.
Optionally, a ratio range belonging to a transition zone is introduced according to the average power ratio of the two half sequences, and within the range, it is determined that only adaptive channel estimation of the training sequence segment is performed.
Optionally, before obtaining the signal sequence estimation value, obtaining a first channel estimation value of the signal; in the self-adaptive channel estimation, the step length of the self-adaptive channel estimation is updated according to the determined self-adaptive channel estimation direction, and the first channel estimation value is used as the initial value of the self-adaptive channel estimation.
Optionally, a first channel estimation value of the signal is obtained by using an LS channel estimation method.
Optionally, when it is determined that the adaptive estimation channel direction is a transition zone, adaptive estimation is performed only on the training sequence segment, and iteration is performed from the left side of the training sequence segment to the rightmost end of the training sequence.
Optionally, when the adaptive channel estimation is performed, an LMS adaptive channel estimation method is used, and a linear average of gradients of 2 to 3 points around a detection point is selected as a gradient value of the selected point.
Optionally, the method for reducing the signal sequence estimation value to the burst sequence form is to add head and tail bits, add a training sequence in the middle, and then perform GMSK or 8PSK modulation according to the modulation form of the desired signal to obtain the reference value of the burst sequence.
The invention provides a channel estimation method suitable for a single antenna interference elimination technology, which comprises the steps of carrying out pre-equalization on a signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value; reducing the sequence estimation value into a burst sequence form, and determining direction judgment according to the corresponding average power value of the burst sequence; and according to the obtained reference value of the burst sequence and the direction judgment, performing self-adaptive channel estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence. The method comprises three parts of preprocessing, sequence reduction, direction judgment and self-adaptive channel estimation, can be suitable for a single-antenna interference elimination technology of a decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization method, and improves the performance of eliminating asynchronous interference.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoupled linear filtering nonlinear equalization SAIC according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a channel estimation method of a single antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of adaptive channel estimation direction selection in a channel estimation method of a single antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4A to 4D respectively correspond to 4 typical cases where an expected signal is subjected to synchronous co-channel interference, a data segment of a part of the expected signal is not subjected to interference, half of the expected signal is covered by interference, and a training sequence segment of the expected signal is not subjected to interference in the channel estimation method of the single antenna interference cancellation technique according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a BER curve of a desired signal subjected to synchronous co-channel interference in a channel estimation method of a single antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a plot of the undisturbed BER of the data segment of the desired signal portion in the channel estimation method of the single antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a BER curve of half of the desired signal covered by interference in the channel estimation method of the single-antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a BER curve of an undisturbed expected signal training sequence segment in the channel estimation method of the single antenna interference cancellation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise ratio for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the invention.
The position of the channel estimation device of the single antenna interference cancellation technology (SAIC) suitable for the decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization provided by the invention in the decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization SAIC system is shown as 102 in figure 1, and the channel estimation device has the function of respectively performing channel estimation on bits which are divided into 2 paths of single-time data after twice sampling in step 101 and providing a channel estimation value for CCI filtering in step 103. Step 102, a specific implementation method of channel estimation is as follows:
first, the received signal r is set in a standard form as follows
Where r (n) is the nth symbol of the received signal, h is the desired channel impulse response, a is the desired sequence, g is the impulse response of the ith interfering user, b is the sequence of the ith user, and n (n) is white gaussian noise.
Then, the operation of the corresponding module is performed according to the flow shown in fig. 2.
1. The bits received in step 201 are pre-estimated in step 202 to obtain a first channel estimation value. The channel estimation of the step adopts the most basic LS channel estimation, and in order to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation value, 26-point correlation can be adopted for estimation to replace 16-point correlation estimation to obtain the channel estimation value
hLS＝(ATA)-1Ar (1-2)
2. In step 203, the channel pre-estimated value h obtained in step 202LSAnd the received sequence r obtained in step 201 is pre-equalized, and as for the equalization method, MLSE is adopted for GMSK signals, RSSE or DFSE is adopted for 8PSK signals, and a first estimated value a of the expected sequence is obtained.
3. In step 204, the form of the expected burst is reduced from the first estimate a of the expected sequence. Adding head and tail bits, adding a training sequence in the middle, and then carrying out GMSK or 8PSK modulation according to the modulation form of the expected signal to obtain a burst estimation value for subsequent reference
4. In step 205, an adaptive channel estimation direction determination is made based on the received sequence. Dividing the Burst with the length of 156 into a left part and a right part from the middle, respectively calculating the average power value of the two sides at 78 points to obtain the average power ratio of the left side and the right side
Because the specific boundary position of the interference does not need to be known, an algorithm for accurately positioning the interference does not need to be adopted, and the direction is determined only by judging the average power ratio of the left side and the right side. The judgment is divided into three conditions that p is less than or equal to 1/n,1/n is less than p < n, p is more than or equal to n, the first condition is self-adaptive channel estimation to the left, the third condition is self-adaptive channel estimation to the right, the second condition is a transition zone, and the self-adaptive range is limited in the training sequence range. When n gets too close to 1, the too sensitive direction judgment will make the self-adaptive channel estimation difficult to converge, and if n gets too large, it is not good to process the asynchronous interference situation.
5. Next, in step 206, LMS adaptive channel estimation is performed, using h obtained in step 202LSThe value is the initial value of the channel estimation, and the value is restored with the sequence of step 204
For the adaptive reference sequence value, the direction determination value of step 205 is used as the adaptive iterative traversal direction. The specific flow of adaptive channel estimation for selecting direction is shown in fig. 3:
(1) and determining whether the transition zone is in the transition zone according to the self-adaptive iteration traversal direction judgment value in the step 205, if so, executing a step 303, and otherwise, executing a step 302.
(2) Then step 303 is executed, the range of the adaptive channel estimation is limited to the training sequence segment, step 303 updates the step size of the adaptive channel estimation, step 304 takes a group at the leftmost end of the training sequence segmentAnd corresponding
Performing adaptive channel estimation from the leftmost side of the training sequence to the rightmost side of the training sequence by iteration
Where μ is the step size, determines the convergence speed and the resulting error. The size of μ is, in theory, optimally
Wherein λ ismaxIs an autocorrelation function matrix R of a training sequence segment of a received sequence RXMaximum eigenvalue of λminIs a matrix R of autocorrelation functions of the received sequence RXThe minimum eigenvalue of (c). The actual value is adjusted on the basis of the test results.
The expression of ε (n) is
Is the estimated error value.
(3) If not, then step 302 is executed to further determine whether to perform an adaptive traversal process to the left or to the right. Taking the left side as an example, step 305 is executed, first, the adaptive step size μ is updated, the algorithm is the same as (1-5), then, step 306 is executed, a group of training sequences with the rightmost end as the starting point is taken
And corresponding
And performing adaptive channel estimation from the rightmost side of the training sequence to the leftmost side of the burst sequence, and performing iterative equations (1-4). If the decision direction is to the right, then adaptive channel estimation is performed from the leftmost side of the training sequence to the rightmost side of the burst sequence, as per step 307 and step 308.
(4) In the traversal process, to improve the convergence of the adaptive channel estimation and reduce the influence of the interference boundary and the bursty interference on the adaptive channel estimation, the gradient values in the adaptive channel estimation are processed in steps 304, 306, and 308
Performing smoothingAnd (5) operating. The smoothing operation takes the form of a linear average, i.e. the average of the gradients of a segment of the value is taken to replace the original gradient value of a certain point. And if the gradient value of the current adaptive point is Nk, taking the average value of the gradient values in the section with the length of L to replace the original gradient value. Then, the actual gradient value becomes
After each traversal, judging whether the maximum iteration times are reached, if so, ending the process, and outputting the updated channel impulse response value
Otherwise, the traversal is continued from the starting point again.
Fig. 5 to 8 are graphs showing BER curves for three cases without SAIC and adaptive channel estimation processing, SAIC processing, and SAIC + adaptive channel estimation processing under the condition that the channel TU50 has an SNR of 25 dB. Fig. 5-8 show the interfering signal delays of 0, 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively, as shown in fig. 4A-D, which represent four typical cases, i.e., the desired signal is synchronously interfered, part of the data of the desired signal is not interfered, half of the desired signal is interfered, and the training sequence segment of the desired signal is not interfered. When the interference approaches the synchronization or the interference does not cover the training sequence segment, the result of the LMS adaptive estimation is basically consistent, because the estimation is directly performed in the training sequence segment at this time, the result is closer to an ideal estimation value, and when the interference has an offset, the adaptive channel estimation utilizes the information of the uncovered interference segment, utilizes more reference points (except the training sequence), and can improve the channel estimation quality, thereby improving the performance. It is shown that the present invention can exhibit a relatively good gain in dealing with asynchronous co-channel interference.
The invention also provides a channel estimation device suitable for the single-antenna interference elimination technology, which comprises the following components:
a signal pre-equalization device for pre-equalizing the signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value;
means for reducing said sequence estimate to a burst sequence;
means for calculating average power values of left and right sides of the burst sequence to determine a direction of the adaptive channel estimation; and
and the device is used for carrying out self-adaptive channel estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence according to the reference value of the burst sequence and the determined direction of the self-adaptive channel estimation, and when the direction of the self-adaptive channel estimation is determined to be a transition zone, only the self-adaptive channel estimation is carried out on the training sequence segment.
The invention provides a channel estimation method suitable for a single antenna interference elimination technology, which comprises the steps of carrying out pre-equalization on a signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value; reducing the sequence estimation value into a burst sequence form, and determining the direction of self-adaptive channel estimation according to the corresponding average power value of the burst sequence; and according to the obtained reference value of the burst sequence and the determined direction of the self-adaptive channel estimation, performing self-adaptive channel estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence. The method comprises three parts of preprocessing, sequence reduction, direction judgment and self-adaptive channel estimation, can be suitable for a single-antenna interference elimination technology of a decoupling linear filtering nonlinear equalization method, and improves the performance of eliminating asynchronous interference.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (12)
1. A channel estimation method for single antenna interference cancellation, comprising:
carrying out pre-equalization on the signals to obtain a signal sequence estimation value;
reducing the sequence estimation value into a burst sequence form, and determining an adaptive channel estimation direction through the burst sequence, wherein the method for reducing the sequence estimation value into the burst sequence form comprises the steps of adding head and tail bits, adding a training sequence in the middle, then carrying out GMSK or 8PSK modulation according to a modulation form of an expected signal to obtain a reference value of the burst sequence, the length of the burst sequence is 156 symbols, dividing the burst sequence into half sequences with the same length from the middle point, the same length as 78 symbols, respectively calculating average power values of the left side and the right side to obtain an average power ratio p of the left side and the right side, taking a limit n larger than 1 as a reference point, determining the adaptive channel estimation direction to the left when p is smaller than or equal to 1/n, determining the adaptive channel estimation direction to the right when p is larger than or equal to n, when 1/n < p < n, determining the self-adaptive channel estimation direction as a transition zone; and
and according to the obtained reference value of the burst sequence and the determined adaptive channel estimation direction, performing adaptive channel estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence, and when the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be a transition zone, performing adaptive channel estimation only on the training sequence segment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined, the adaptive channel estimation is performed from a side of the training sequence different from the adaptive channel estimation direction, and after each adaptive channel estimation is completed, the adaptive channel estimation is performed again from the side different from the adaptive channel estimation direction for iteration until a maximum number of iterations is reached.
3. The channel estimation method for a single antenna interference cancellation technique according to claim 1, wherein a first channel estimation value of the signal is obtained before the signal sequence estimation value is obtained; in the self-adaptive channel estimation, the step length of the self-adaptive channel estimation is updated according to the determined self-adaptive channel estimation direction, and the first channel estimation value is used as the initial value of the self-adaptive channel estimation.
4. The channel estimation method for single antenna interference cancellation technique as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first time channel estimation value of the signal is obtained by using an LS channel estimation method.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the adaptive channel estimation is performed only on the training sequence when the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be the transition band, and the iteration is performed from the leftmost side of the training sequence to the rightmost side of the training sequence.
6. The channel estimation method for single antenna interference cancellation according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive channel estimation is performed by using an LMS adaptive channel estimation method, and a linear average of gradients of 2-3 points around a detected point is selected as the gradient value of the selected point.
7. A channel estimation apparatus adapted for a single antenna interference cancellation technique, comprising:
a signal pre-equalization device for pre-equalizing the signal to obtain a signal sequence estimation value;
means for reducing the sequence estimate to the form of a burst sequence by adding head and tail bits, adding a middle training sequence, and performing GMSK or 8PSK modulation according to the modulation form of the desired signal to obtain a reference value of the burst sequence;
the device is used for calculating the average power value corresponding to the burst sequence to determine the adaptive channel estimation direction, wherein the length of the burst sequence is 156 symbols, in the process of determining the adaptive channel estimation direction, the burst sequence is divided into half sequences with the left and right lengths equal to each other and 78 symbols from the middle point, the average power values of the left and right sides are respectively calculated to obtain the average power ratio p of the left and right sides, a limit n larger than 1 is used as a reference point, when p is smaller than or equal to 1/n, the left side is determined to be the adaptive channel estimation direction, when p is larger than or equal to n, the right side is determined to be the adaptive channel estimation direction, and when 1/n is smaller than p and smaller than n, the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be a transition zone; and
and the device is used for carrying out self-adaptive channel estimation on the half-edge sequence containing the training sequence according to the reference value of the burst sequence and the determined self-adaptive channel estimation direction, and when the self-adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be a transition zone, only the self-adaptive channel estimation is carried out on the training sequence segment.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein after the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined, the adaptive channel estimation is performed from a side of the training sequence different from the adaptive channel estimation direction, and after each adaptive channel estimation is completed, the adaptive channel estimation is performed again from the side different from the adaptive channel estimation direction for iteration until a maximum number of iterations is reached.
9. The channel estimation apparatus for single antenna interference cancellation technique according to claim 7, wherein a first channel estimation value of the signal is obtained before the signal sequence estimation value is obtained; in the self-adaptive channel estimation, the step length of the self-adaptive channel estimation is updated according to the determined self-adaptive channel estimation direction, and the first channel estimation value is used as the initial value of the self-adaptive channel estimation.
10. The channel estimation apparatus for single antenna interference cancellation technique of claim 9, wherein the first time channel estimation value of the signal is obtained by using an LS channel estimation method.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when the adaptive channel estimation direction is determined to be in a transition band, the adaptive channel estimation is performed only on the training sequence, and the iteration is performed from the leftmost side of the training sequence to the rightmost side of the training sequence.
12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the LMS adaptive channel estimation method is used to select a linear average of the gradients of 2-3 points around the detected point as the gradient value of the selected point.
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