CN106483648B - Large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system - Google Patents
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- G02B21/00—Microscopes
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- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/142—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having two groups only
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to an optical system of a large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope. The system comprises a zoom objective lens system (1), an aperture diaphragm (2), an afocal zoom system (3), an image transfer system (4), a second objective lens system (5) and an ocular lens system (6). The system reasonably distributes optical aberration to be corrected of each part of the system, introduces two aspheric surfaces, corrects high-grade optical aberration introduced by large-field imaging, and realizes good imaging of large-field microscopy; the zoom objective system and the afocal zoom system and all the components in the zoom objective system perform complex motion according to different rules, so that the continuous change of the magnification is realized, and the position of an image surface is kept fixed; long working distances are achieved with the allocation of "positive and negative" powers. The invention meets the requirements of clinical application, has large visual field, variable focus and long working distance of the system, and is particularly suitable for the fields of neurosurgery or free flap transplantation and the like with the requirement of large visual field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to an optical system of a large-visual-field working distance continuous zoom operation microscope, which is particularly suitable for the fields of neurosurgery or free flap transplantation operations with large-visual-field and long-working distance requirements and the like.
Background
When neurosurgery or free flap transplantation is performed, an injured part is often required to be found first, and the injured part is observed, such as the degree of muscle decay, the damage degree of a blood vessel port and the like, and the area of the injured part is generally large (more than 100mm) in the surgical operation; in the operation process, the dissection, connection and suture of the tiny blood vessels and nerves are needed, and because the tissues and the blood vessels are very tiny, the shapes of the tissues and the blood vessels cannot be accurately observed only by naked eyes, and the tissues and the blood vessels need to be magnified and observed by a microscopic technology; in addition, in order to facilitate the operation of surgical instruments in minimally invasive surgery, the operating microscope requires long working distance under the condition of the same focal length, thereby avoiding prolonging the operation time due to the replacement of a large objective lens and increasing the chance of cross infection in a hospital, and the continuous zoom operating microscope equipment which is used for neurosurgery or free flap transplantation and has long working distance and can present a large-view-field magnified image is lacked at present.
The technology similar to the technology of the invention at home is a Master academic paper 'development of neurosurgery operation microscope', and the article designs a zoom operation microscope with a maximum object space view field of 100mm aiming at a novel operation microscope. The zoom operation microscope only uses a single-double cemented lens as an objective lens, a two-component zoom optical system completes zoom, and the objective lens adopts a traditional Kernel objective lens. When the object field of the operating microscope is enlarged, the field curvature and the high-level aberration are also enlarged, which seriously affects the imaging quality of the operating microscope, so that a novel operating microscope objective lens, a afocal zoom system, a second objective lens and an eyepiece need to be designed to realize the function of large field of view, and the aberration is corrected by adopting a more complicated structure. And when the single-group double-cemented lens is used as the objective lens of the surgical microscope, the working distance can not be longer than the focal length of the objective lens, and the long working distance of the system can be realized.
Compared with the traditional operation microscope optical system, on one hand, the large-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system corrects field curvature and high-level aberration introduced by a large field through the integral matching optimization design of a novel operation microscope zoom objective system, a non-focus zoom system, a second objective system and an eyepiece system, and realizes large-field microscopic imaging of an object field of 170mm, so that the system can provide an image of an integral wounded part in neurosurgery or free flap transplantation operation, and a doctor can conveniently find and observe a wounded part or an integral flap and observe local blood vessels and nerves in the operation process; on the other hand, in the operation process, a doctor usually needs to change the magnification of an operation microscope, and utilizes a zoom objective system to combine with an afocal zoom system to realize 1:6(4 x-24 x) continuous zoom, thereby meeting the requirement of the doctor for observing vascular nerves with different scales, greatly facilitating the operation of the doctor and improving the success rate of the operation; in addition, a zoom objective system is formed by utilizing two groups of positive and negative double-cemented lenses, focal power is reasonably distributed, the defect that the working distance of a large objective of a traditional design operation microscope is short is overcome, secondary spectrum is corrected, image resolution is improved, and long working distance of the system is realized.
The novel system has the characteristics of large visual field, long working distance, variable focus and magnification change, is convenient to use, meets different observation requirements of doctors, and has important application value in the fields of neurosurgery or free flap transplantation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to explore a novel large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system, solve the technical problem that the existing operation microscope is small in view field and short in working distance and cannot meet the requirement of finding a wound part in neurosurgery or free flap transplantation, and provide the novel large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system.
The invention solves the technical problem by adopting the specific technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a novel long working distance of big visual field zoom operation microscope optical system in succession which characterized in that: the device comprises a zoom objective system (1), an aperture diaphragm (2), an afocal zoom system (3), an image transfer system (4), a second objective system (5) and an ocular system (6). Wherein, the double-cemented lens 1-1 with positive focal power and the double-cemented lens 1-2 with negative focal power form a varifocal objective system (1); a double-cemented lens 3-1 with positive focal power, a double-cemented lens 3-2 with negative focal power, a single lens 3-3 with negative focal power and a double-cemented lens 3-4 with negative focal power jointly form an afocal zoom system (3); the image rotating system (4) comprises an Abbe prism 4-1 and plays a role in image rotating; a second objective system (5) consisting of a double cemented lens 5-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 5-2 with positive focal power and a double cemented lens 5-3 with negative focal power; an eyepiece optical system (6) is composed of a double cemented lens 6-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 6-2 with positive focal power, a single lens 6-3 with negative focal power and a double cemented lens 6-4 with positive focal power; in the light propagation direction, the optical elements are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis. The aperture diaphragm (2) of the system is positioned between the zoom objective system and the afocal zoom system, and the exit pupil 6-5 of the system is superposed with the pupil of the human eye.
Preferably, the zoom objective system (1) of the large-field-of-view long-working-distance continuous zoom surgical microscope optical system adopts a double cemented lens 1-1 with positive focal power and a double cemented lens 1-2 with negative focal power, and can realize the 400mm long working distance of the surgical microscope by using the form of matching of the positive and negative focal powers, thereby meeting the use requirements of neurosurgery or free flap transplantation. The objective optical system can disperse the light rays entering the system from different object space view fields to form parallel light rays for emergence.
Preferably, in the afocal zoom system (3) of the large-field-of-view long-working-distance continuous zoom surgical microscope optical system, the last surfaces of the double cemented lens 3-2 and the single lens 3-3 are both set to be aspheric surfaces. The introduction of the aspheric surface can correct high-level aberration introduced by a large field of view, improve the imaging quality of the system, reduce the number of lenses of the system and enable the system to have higher optical transmittance. The light entering the afocal zoom system (3) is parallel light, and the light exiting the afocal zoom system (3) is also parallel light.
Preferably, an eyepiece system (6) in the large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system needs to meet the characteristics of a large view field, a small aperture and a short focal length, and the final focal length is designed to be 25mm so as to realize 10x magnification of the eyepiece. The eyepiece system takes a symmetrical double-gluing structure as an initial system structure, and is improved on the basis to correct the chromatic aberration of the system; two single lenses are added between the symmetrical double-glued structure to correct the high-level aberration of the rest parts except the chromatic aberration caused by the large field of view of the system, thereby improving the imaging quality of the system, increasing the resolution of the system and improving the target identification resolution capability of the system.
Preferably, the optical system of the large-field-of-view long-working-distance continuous variable-power surgical microscope changes the optical interval between the double cemented lenses 1-1 and 1-2 in the zoom objective system (1), and the relative movement of the four components (namely the double cemented lens 3-1, the double cemented lens 3-2, the single lens 3-3 and the double cemented lens 3-4) in the afocal zoom system (3) and matches the change of the optical interval between the zoom objective system (1) and the afocal zoom system (3) to realize the continuous change of the combined focal length of the system, thereby realizing the continuous change of the magnification of the system.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages: according to the invention, through the optimized design of the zoom objective system, the afocal zoom system, the second objective system and the ocular system, the optical aberration to be corrected of each part of the system is reasonably distributed, and two aspheric surfaces are introduced, so that the problem of high-level optical aberration such as curvature of field, distortion and astigmatism introduced by large-field-of-view imaging is solved, good imaging of a large-field-of-view microscope is realized, the defects that the field of view of a traditional operation microscope is small, and a wounded part needs to be continuously moved to find for observation in a neurosurgery or a free flap transplantation operation are overcome, the imaging system is particularly suitable for the neurosurgery, the free flap transplantation operation and the like with large wound area, the observation and the operation of a doctor can be facilitated. The novel operating microscope adopts a zoom objective system consisting of a double-cemented lens 1-1 with positive focal power and a double-cemented lens 1-2 with negative focal power, and realizes long working distance of the operating microscope by the cooperation of the positive focal power and the negative focal power. In addition, the surgical microscope system can also perform the following steps of 1: the zoom lens system has the advantages that continuous zoom of 6 times (4 x-24 x) is realized, the continuous change of the magnification is realized, different observation requirements of doctors are met, and the positions of the image surfaces of the system are always kept consistent in the continuous zoom process, so that the system can obtain continuous and clear images in the zoom process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a 4x magnification configuration of a large field-of-view long working distance zoom continuous surgical microscope optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a 12x magnification configuration of the optical system of the large field-of-view long working distance zoom surgical microscope of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a 24 magnification configuration of the optical system of the large field-of-view long working distance zoom surgical microscope of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the 4x magnification three-dimensional structure of the optical system of the large field-of-view long working distance zoom surgical microscope of the present invention;
in the figure, (1) -zoom objective system, (2) -aperture diaphragm, (3) -afocal zoom system, (4) -image rotating system, (5) -second objective system, (6) -ocular system, 1-1-double cemented lens with positive focal power, 1-2-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 3-1-double cemented lens with positive focal power, 3-2-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 3-3-single lens with negative focal power, 3-4-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 4-1-Abbe prism, 5-1-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 5-2-single lens with positive focal power, 5-3-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 6-1-double cemented lens with negative focal power, 6-2-single lens with positive focal power, 6-3-single lens with negative focal power, 6-4-double cemented lens with positive focal power and 6-5-system exit pupil.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous variable-magnification surgical microscope comprises: the zoom lens system comprises a zoom lens system (1) consisting of a double-cemented lens 1-1 with positive focal power and a double-cemented lens 1-2 with negative focal power, an aperture diaphragm (2), a non-focus zoom system (3) consisting of a double-cemented lens 3-1 with positive focal power, a double-cemented lens 3-2 with negative focal power, a single lens 3-3 with negative focal power and a double-cemented lens 3-4 with negative focal power, a rotating image system (4) consisting of an Abbe prism 4-1, a second lens system (5) consisting of a double-cemented lens 5-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 5-2 with positive focal power and a double-cemented lens 5-3 with negative focal power; an eyepiece optical system (6) composed of a double cemented lens 6-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 6-2 with positive focal power, a single lens 6-3 with negative focal power and a double cemented lens 6-4 with positive focal power; in the light propagation direction, the optical elements are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis.
Firstly, an object plane is positioned on a focal plane of a zoom objective system (1), light rays emitted by an object pass through a double-cemented lens 1 with positive focal power and a double-cemented lens 2 with negative focal power in the zoom objective system (1) and then are emitted as parallel light, and the working distance of the operating microscope system can be longer than the focal distance of the zoom objective system (1) by adopting a form of matching of the positive and negative double-cemented lenses; then, the parallel light enters an afocal zoom system (3) after passing through an aperture diaphragm (2), and finally exits parallel light after passing through a double cemented lens 3-1 with positive focal power, a double cemented lens 3-2 with negative focal power, a single lens 3-3 with negative focal power and a double cemented lens 3-4 with negative focal power in sequence, wherein the last surfaces of the double cemented lens 3-2 and the single lens 3-3 are aspheric surfaces; parallel light emitted by the afocal zoom system enters the image transfer system (4), and is inverted through the Abbe prism 4-1, the system distance can be shortened, the light angle is not changed, the parallel light is still emitted, and the observation of a doctor is facilitated; then, the parallel light enters a second objective lens system (5), sequentially passes through a double cemented lens 5-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 5-2 with positive focal power and a double cemented lens 5-3 with negative focal power, finally converges, and images an infinite target provided by the zoom objective lens system (1), the afocal zoom system (2) and the prism system (4) on a focal plane of the zoom objective lens system; finally, the convergent light enters an eyepiece optical system (6) consisting of a double cemented lens 6-1 with negative focal power, a single lens 6-2 with positive focal power, a single lens 6-3 with negative focal power and a single lens 6-4 with positive focal power, the object to be observed is magnified again, and emergent parallel light enters the eyes of a doctor through an exit pupil 6-5 of the system for observation.
The aperture diaphragm (2) of the system is positioned between the zoom objective system (1) and the afocal zoom system (3) and is conjugated with an object plane; the system exit pupil 6-5 coincides with the pupil of the eye, and the exit pupil distance changes with the change of the magnification, which is smaller as the system magnification is higher. In order to meet the use convenience of an operator wearing the glasses, a high-eyepoint eyepiece system is designed, so that the exit pupil distance reaches 22mm at most and exceeds 15mm at least.
The large-field optical system inevitably introduces high-level aberrations such as field curvature, distortion, chromatic aberration, astigmatism and the like, and the aberration cannot be corrected by using a single optical system structure, so that the aberration is distributed to each subsystem in the system to obtain good image quality of an image surface. If the two aspheric surfaces are introduced into the afocal zoom system, the imaging quality of the system can be obviously improved, the resolution of the system is increased, the number of lenses of the system can be reduced, and the system has higher optical transmittance; the eyepiece system adopts two double-cemented lenses with similar symmetrical structures to correct chromatic aberration introduced by a large field of view of the system, and the two single lenses between the two double-cemented structures to correct partial high-level aberration brought to the system by the large field of view such as astigmatism and distortion. Therefore, in the design process of the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope, reasonable optical structure design needs to be carried out on each subsystem, and reasonable distribution of optical aberration is carried out from the whole situation so as to achieve good imaging of each field target and meet the imaging requirement of a large field.
The optical system of the large-field-of-view long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope can realize 1:6(4 x-24 x) continuous zoom, when in design, the initial structural parameters of each component in the zoom objective system (1) and the afocal zoom system (3) are firstly calculated through Gaussian optics, the optimization design is carried out on the basis to meet the imaging quality requirement of the system, then 3 different focal length positions (corresponding to different magnification factors) are taken out from the zoom range according to geometric progression, multiple structures are set according to different focal lengths, the curvature, the thickness and the material of the lens in each multiple structure must be kept unchanged, the continuous change of the focal length is realized only by changing the optical interval between each component, namely the relative movement between the optical components in the zoom objective system (1) and the afocal zoom system (3), and the continuous change of the focal length is realized by 1: a zoom ratio of 6. In addition, when the complex motion law of each component is set, not only the continuous change of the foot magnification factor should be realized, but also the stability of the image plane should be kept, and the image plane is prevented from moving along with the change of the focal length, so that the system can obtain continuous and clear images in the whole zooming process.
The basic optical parameters of the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous variable magnification surgical microscope in the embodiment are shown in the table 1.
In the embodiment, the system parameters of the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous variable-magnification surgical microscope at 4x, 12x and 24x magnification are shown in table 2.
The aspheric surface coefficients of the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous variable-magnification surgical microscope in the embodiment are shown in table 3.
In the embodiment, under different magnifications of the optical system of the large-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope, the transfer functions of the optical systems of all the fields can reach more than 0.2 at a position of 30lp/mm, so that the requirement of human eyes for observation is met, and the field curvature and high-level aberration introduced by the large field are well corrected, so that the imaging quality is good.
The embodiment shows that the invention designs the large-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope optical system which can cover the field with the diameter of 170mm of an object space to the maximum extent, overcomes the defect that doctors need to repeatedly switch to search and observe a wound part in the neurosurgery operation or the free flap transplantation operation and the like, well corrects high-level aberrations such as field curvature, chromatic aberration and the like introduced by the large field and has clear imaging; the 1:6(4 x-24 x) continuous zooming can be realized, and different observation requirements of doctors are met; by means of the distribution of positive and negative focal powers, the defect that the traditional design operating microscope has a large objective lens and a short working distance is overcome, the secondary spectrum is corrected, the image resolution is improved, and the long working distance of the system is realized. Therefore, the invention can be conveniently used by doctors in neurosurgery operations or free flap transplantation operations, obviously improves the medical efficiency and increases the success rate of the operations.
TABLE 1 basic optical parameters of optical system of large-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope
| Main technical parameters | Numerical value |
| Maximum numerical aperture | 0.04 |
| System magnification | 4x～24x |
| Continuous variable magnification ratio | 1:6 |
| Maximum object space field diameter | Φ170mm |
| System working distance | 400mm |
| Minimum exit pupil distance | 15mm |
TABLE 2 System parameters for 4x, 12x, 24x magnification of large field long working distance continuous zoom surgical microscope optical system
TABLE 3 aspheric surface coefficient of large visual field and long working distance in optical system of continuous zoom operation microscope
Claims (5)
1. The optical system of the large-view-field long-working-distance continuous zoom operation microscope is characterized in that: the zoom lens system comprises a zoom lens system (1) consisting of a double-cemented lens (1-1) with positive focal power and a double-cemented lens (1-2) with negative focal power, an aperture diaphragm (2), an afocal zoom system (3) consisting of the double-cemented lens (3-1) with positive focal power, the double-cemented lens (3-2) with negative focal power, a single lens (3-3) with negative focal power and a double-cemented lens (3-4) with negative focal power, an image transfer system (4) consisting of an Abbe prism (4-1), a second lens system (5) consisting of the double-cemented lens (5-1) with negative focal power, the single lens (5-2) with positive focal power and the double-cemented lens (5-3) with negative focal power; an ocular lens system (6) consisting of a double cemented lens (6-1) with negative focal power, a single lens (6-2) with positive focal power, a single lens (6-3) with negative focal power and a double cemented lens (6-4) with positive focal power; in the light propagation direction, all the optical elements are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis in sequence; the aperture diaphragm (2) of the system is positioned between the zoom objective system and the afocal zoom system, the exit pupil (6-5) of the system is superposed with the pupil of the human eye, and the light rays entering the system from the large object field sequentially pass through the optical elements and then enter the human eye through the exit pupil of the system.
2. The large field of view, long working distance, continuously variable magnification surgical microscope optical system of claim 1, wherein: the back surfaces of the double-cemented lens (3-2) with negative focal power and the single lens (3-3) with negative focal power in the afocal zoom system (3) are both aspheric surfaces, and 10-order aspheric surface coefficients are set as shown in table 1.
3. The large field of view, long working distance, continuously variable magnification surgical microscope optical system of claim 1, wherein: the zoom objective system (1) adopts a form of reasonably matching positive and negative focal powers, namely comprises a double-cemented lens (1-1) with a positive focal power and a double-cemented lens (1-2) with a negative focal power, and the 400mm long working distance of the operating microscope is realized.
4. The large field of view, long working distance, continuously variable magnification surgical microscope optical system of claim 1, wherein: the eyepiece system (6) adopts an optical structure that two single lenses are added between two double cemented lenses (6-1) with approximately symmetrical focal power being negative and two double cemented lenses (6-4) with approximate symmetrical focal power being positive, not only is the chromatic aberration of the system corrected, but also the high-grade aberrations of the rest parts except the chromatic aberration brought by the large field of view of the system are corrected, and finally the integral focal length of the eyepiece system is 25mm, so that the 10x magnification of the eyepiece is realized, and the characteristics of large field of view, small aperture and short focal length are met.
5. The large field of view, long working distance, continuously variable magnification surgical microscope optical system of claim 1, wherein: the zoom lens system comprises a double-cemented lens (1-1) with positive focal power, a double-cemented lens (1-2) with negative focal power and an afocal zoom system (3), wherein the double-cemented lens (3-1) with positive focal power, the double-cemented lens (3-2) with negative focal power, a single lens (3-3) with negative focal power and a double-cemented lens (3-4) with negative focal power are arranged in the zoom lens system (1), the focal length of the system is continuously changed by changing the distance among the components, so that the zoom ratio is 1:6, the magnification is 4x-24x, and the image surface of the system is not moved when the focal lengths are different.
TABLE 1 aspheric surface coefficient in optical system of large visual field long working distance continuous zoom operation microscope
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| CN106932881A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-07-07 | 广西奥顺仪器有限公司 | A kind of varifocus objective |
| CN107315241B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | A kind of big objective system of continuous vari-focus for surgical operation microscope |
| CN110989138B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-03-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Wide spectrum afocal optical system with large field of view |
| CN114099133B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-26 | 华中科技大学 | Large-view-field large-numerical-aperture surgical objective lens for ophthalmic surgery |
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