CN106477658B - A kind of seawater desalination system and method based on LNG cold energy - Google Patents

A kind of seawater desalination system and method based on LNG cold energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106477658B
CN106477658B CN201610967513.9A CN201610967513A CN106477658B CN 106477658 B CN106477658 B CN 106477658B CN 201610967513 A CN201610967513 A CN 201610967513A CN 106477658 B CN106477658 B CN 106477658B
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sea water
refrigeration system
capillary force
water desalination
system driven
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CN106477658A (en
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胡雪蛟
章先涛
刘会晓
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Wuhan University WHU
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy, including REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group and LNG vaporization device, wherein, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is spaced from the bottom to top including multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit and stacks composition, reserves air buffer above every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit；Every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is mainly successively stacked constituted from the bottom to top by support plate, capillary substrate, heat exchanger tube；Capillary substrate both ends connect seawater inlet pipe and brine outlet pipe；Heat exchanger tube both ends connect waste heat inlet tube and waste heat outlet；Air buffer above REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is connect by steam outlet pipe with LNG vaporization device.The present invention is using LNG vaporization device as cold source, produce that water saliferous rate is big, coolant media demanding limitation when solving LNG cold energy for freezing method sea water desalination, it realizes simultaneously and the low level heat energy being difficult to be utilized in routine techniques is recycled, heat source temperature can be even lower down to environment temperature.

Description

A kind of seawater desalination system and method based on LNG cold energy
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of sea water desalting technology, specifically a kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy and Method.
Background technique
Under existing situation, the sustainable use of water resource is the necessary guarantee of economy and society stable development.It gets in the world Shortage of water resources is faced come more countries, has become the social concern of whole world highest attention, especially in China's water per capita Amount be only the world per capita water 1/4, shortage of water resources problem have become influence China development important restriction factor.
On the other hand, as economic continuous development, non-renewable energy are constantly consumed, the mankind also increasingly increase its demand Add.But primary energy reserves are limited, need to find cleaning sustainable energy to substitute the demand to traditional energy.LNG at present (liquefied natural gas) is universally acknowledged one of the most clean energy.For the ease of transport by sea, often gaseous natural gas Liquefaction processing is carried out, is formed liquefied natural gas (LNG), the power consumption of one ton of LNG of every production is about 850kWh, and LNG is connecing A large amount of cold energy will be released by receiving during station is gasificated into gas at normal temperature supply user, be 830~860 kJ/kg.This part Cold energy is usually taken away by seawater or air, and great energy waste is not only caused, and also will affect the life of surrounding sea and area State environment.
Carrying out sea water desalination using the cold energy of LNG both can solve shortage of water resources problem, while may be implemented cold to LNG The Utilizing question of energy, reaches energy-efficient purpose.Presently, there are LNG sea water desalination be mainly freezing sea water desalination, patent Shen Please CN201610157643.6 a kind of LNG cold energy sea water desalination and strong brine comprehensive utilization process, patent application are disclosed CN201610014891.5 disclose it is a kind of utilize LNG cold energy seawater freezing desalination system, be using LNG cold energy directly or Freezing seawater is connect, fresh water will can be obtained after ice crystal washing, separation, thawing, the heat for making full use of LNG gasification to discharge avoids Energy waste and environmental pollution.But drinking water is not met containing a certain amount of salinity in the ice cube that directly obtains of freezing Standard, need more subsequent processings；Requirement simultaneously to refrigerant is also relatively high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention realizes in order to solve the above technical problems, provide a kind of desalination plant and method based on LNG cold energy The a large amount of cold energy for making full use of LNG gasification to generate, avoid being directly discharged into air or environmental pollution are caused in sea；It again can be effectively sharp With low temperature exhaust heat, energy utilization rate is improved, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN temperature is further expanded, realization is difficult to be utilized routine techniques low Warm waste heat realization further utilizes；It can also obtain desalinizing seawater for high quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy:
Including REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group and LNG vaporization device, wherein
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is spaced from the bottom to top including multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit and stacks structure At reserved air buffer above every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit；
Every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is mainly successively stacked by support plate, capillary substrate, heat exchanger tube from the bottom to top It constitutes；
Capillary substrate one end connects seawater inlet pipe, the other end connects brine outlet pipe；
Heat exchanger tube one end connects waste heat inlet tube, the other end connects waste heat outlet；
Air buffer above REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is connect by steam outlet pipe with LNG vaporization device；
Seawater inlet pipe, waste heat inlet tube are the same as the left side for being set to REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit, brine outlet pipe, waste heat Outlet, steam outlet pipe are the same as the right side for being set to REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit.
As an improvement, capillary substrate is grains of sand accumulation body or sintered porous bodies.
As an improvement, in REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group, the support plate of lowermost end REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit Horizontal, the support plate of other REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination units at different levels is on the left of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit to right side It is ramp-like in dipping down.
Preferably, the tilt angle of oblique support plate is 10-15 DEG C.
As an improvement, heat exchanger tube can be the metal material of aluminium alloy or titanium corrosion resistance.
As an improvement, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is spaced from the bottom to top by multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit Stack composition.
Preferably, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group by 3-5 grades of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination units from the bottom to top between It is constituted every stacking.
A kind of method for desalting seawater based on LNG cold energy based on above system, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, seawater enters capillary substrate through seawater inlet pipe, is sucked into hair under the capillary power drive of capillary substrate The surface layer of thin substrate；Heat is carried out with the low temperature exhaust heat entered in heat exchanger tube through waste heat inlet tube to exchange；
Step 2, seawater is generated fresh water steam by thermal evaporation, and remaining strong brine is discharged by brine outlet pipe；
Step 3, the fresh water steam of generation is delivered to LNG vaporization device by steam outlet pipe, and fresh water steam enters LNG vaporization Fresh water steam is condensed into fresh water, stored up after water outlet flows out by device, a large amount of cold energy generated using LNG vaporization as cold source It stores away；LNG becomes gaseous state from liquid simultaneously, and realization is provided multiple forms of energy to complement each other.
As an improvement, low temperature exhaust heat is as heat source, LNG vaporization device is as cold source, seawater heat absorption evaporation, cold source at heat source Locate exothermic condensation, utilizes capillary substrate supplement, evaporation seawater.
Preferably, the low temperature exhaust heat being passed through in heat exchanger tube is the low grade residual heat of recycling.
Relative to traditional technology, system and method for the present invention are advantageous in that:
1) present invention takes full advantage of huge cooling capacity (830~860 kJ/ when LNG gasification using LNG cold energy as cold source Kg), cold energy is avoided to be directly discharged into environmental pollution caused by air or seawater；
2) tradition LNG sea water desalination is mainly freezing, and water quality salt content is easily exceeded, and is easily mingled with refrigerant in fresh water, Local water pollution is caused, the present invention solves above-mentioned problem；
3) LNG vaporization device is combined with Conventional cryogenic capillary method sea water desalination, unique heat pipe is special between heat source and cold source Property, so that operational difference can efficient stable operation at 2-3 DEG C between heat source and cold source；It realizes to being difficult to benefit in routine techniques Low level heat energy (low temperature exhaust heat) is recycled, and heat source temperature can be even lower down to environment temperature.
4) tradition LNG sea water desalination is freezing sea water desalination, and LNG cold energy generates ice crystal for freezing seawater, by ice crystal Melt and generate fresh water, but the seawater quality that freezing obtains is poor, needs a large amount of subsequent technique；The present invention utilizes LNG vaporization Device is as cold source, and production water saliferous rate is big when solving LNG cold energy for freezing method sea water desalination, the demanding limit of coolant media System, while realizing and the low level heat energy (low temperature exhaust heat) being difficult to be utilized in routine techniques is recycled, heat source temperature It can be even lower down to environment temperature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
In figure: 1, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group, 2, heat exchanger tube, 3, capillary substrate, 4, support plate, 5, waste heat entrance Pipe, 6, seawater inlet pipe, 7, waste heat outlet, 8, brine outlet pipe, 9, steam outlet pipe, 10, LNG vaporization device, 11, fresh water goes out Mouthful, 12, LNG inlet tube, 13, NG outlet, 14, first order REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit, 15, second level REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea Water desalination unit, 16, third level REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit, 17, air buffer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for desalting seawater based on LNG cold energy mainly includes LNG vaporization device and REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit Group.Wherein REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is multi-stage evaporator, including multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit by down toward Upper interval stacks composition, and every level-one REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit includes capillary substrate, support plate, heat exchanger tube.Seawater is through sea Water inlet pipe enters capillary substrate, and substrate surface layer is sucked under capillary power drive, carries out heat with heat exchanger tube middle-low temperature heat Amount exchange, evaporation seawater generate fresh water steam, and remaining strong brine is discharged by brine outlet pipe；Fresh water steam (vapor) outlet and LNG Vaporizer is connected, and fresh water steam enters LNG vaporization device, and a large amount of cold energy generated using LNG vaporization are as cold source, by fresh water steam It is condensed into fresh water, is stored through water outlet outflow；LNG becomes gaseous state from liquid simultaneously, convenient directly to utilize, and realizes multipotency Combination.The low temperature exhaust heat being passed through in heat exchanger tube is the low grade residual heat of recycling.
A kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy mainly includes LNG vaporization device 10 and REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination list Tuple 1, LNG vaporization device 10 and REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group 1 are connected by steam outlet pipe 9.Wherein REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea Water desalination unit group 1 is substantially multi-stage evaporator, and REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group 1 includes multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination Unit is spaced from the bottom to top stacks composition, reserves air buffer 17 above every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit；Every level-one hair Thin driving sea water desalination unit is successively stacked constituted from the bottom to top by support plate 4, capillary substrate 3, heat exchanger tube 2, and seawater is through seawater Inlet tube 6 enters capillary substrate 3, and seawater is sucked into water suction 3 surface layer of substrate under the capillary force driving effect of capillary substrate 3； Low temperature exhaust heat enters heat exchange pipe of evaporator 2 through waste heat inlet tube 5, and the heated evaporation of 2 outside seawater of heat exchanger tube generates fresh water steam, Remaining strong brine is discharged by brine outlet pipe 8；Fresh water steam (vapor) outlet 9 is connected with LNG vaporization device 10, and steam enters LNG Fresh water steam is condensed into fresh water, through water outlet 11 as cold source by vaporizer 10, a large amount of cold energy generated using LNG vaporization Outflow stores；LNG becomes gaseous state, the outflow of NG outlet from liquid simultaneously.
Wherein, REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group 1, substantially multi-stage evaporator, every primary unit is by heat exchanger tube 2, hair Thin substrate 3, support plate 4 form, and the fresh water steam that upper level generates can preheat the seawater of next stage, and support plate 4 is in tilted layout, Tilt angle is 10-15o, the fresh water steam of condensation is facilitated to flow out.
Wherein, heat exchanger tube 2 is made of high thermal conductivity coefficient and corrosion-resistant material, exchanges convenient for heat and seawater is avoided to invade Erosion.The material can be the metal material of the seawater corrosion resistances such as aluminium alloy or titanium.
Wherein, capillary substrate 3 is that thermal coefficient is excessively poor and corrosion resistant porous material, and pore diameter is micron order, can Capillary force is provided to be continuously replenished, evaporate seawater.The material can be grains of sand accumulation body, sintered porous bodies etc..
Wherein, in LNG vaporization device 11, LNG becomes gaseous state from liquid, generates a large amount of cold energy, and fresh water vapor absorption cold energy is cold It coagulates for fresh water outflow.Since LNG vaporization temperature is lower, 2-3 DEG C of capillary method sea water desalination heat source and sink temperature difference can be steady Fixed operation, therefore larger extension has been done to the temperature range of heat source, using heat source down to environment temperature or lower.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy, it is characterised in that:
Including REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group and LNG vaporization device, wherein
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is spaced from the bottom to top including multistage REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit and stacks composition, often Air buffer is reserved above grade REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit；
Every grade of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is mainly successively stacked constituted from the bottom to top by support plate, capillary substrate, heat exchanger tube；
Capillary substrate one end connects seawater inlet pipe, the other end connects brine outlet pipe；
Heat exchanger tube one end connects waste heat inlet tube, the other end connects waste heat outlet；
Air buffer above REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit is connect by steam outlet pipe with LNG vaporization device；
Seawater inlet pipe, waste heat inlet tube are the same as the left side for being set to REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit, brine outlet pipe, waste heat outlet Pipe, steam outlet pipe are the same as the right side for being set to REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit；
Capillary substrate is grains of sand accumulation body or sintered porous bodies；In REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group, lowermost end REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE The support plate of sea water desalination unit is horizontal, and the support plate of other REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination units at different levels is extra large from REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE It is ramp-like in dipping down to right side on the left of water desalination unit；The tilt angle of oblique support plate is 10-15 DEG C.
2. a kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Heat exchanger tube is selected as the metal material of aluminium alloy or titanium corrosion resistance.
3. a kind of seawater desalination system based on LNG cold energy according to any one of claim 1 to 2, it is characterised in that:
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination unit group is spaced to stack and be constituted from the bottom to top by 3-5 grades of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea water desalination units.
4. a kind of method for desalting seawater based on LNG cold energy based on system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including with Lower step:
Step 1, seawater enters capillary substrate through seawater inlet pipe, is sucked into capillary base under the capillary power drive of capillary substrate The surface layer of material；Heat is carried out with the low temperature exhaust heat entered in heat exchanger tube through waste heat inlet tube to exchange；
Step 2, seawater is generated fresh water steam by thermal evaporation, and remaining strong brine is discharged by brine outlet pipe；
Step 3, the fresh water steam of generation is delivered to LNG vaporization device by steam outlet pipe, and fresh water steam enters LNG vaporization device, Fresh water steam is condensed into fresh water, stored after water outlet flows out by a large amount of cold energy generated using LNG vaporization as cold source Come；LNG becomes gaseous state from liquid simultaneously, and realization is provided multiple forms of energy to complement each other.
5. a kind of method for desalting seawater based on LNG cold energy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Low temperature exhaust heat is as heat source, and LNG vaporization device is as cold source, the seawater heat absorption evaporation at heat source, exothermic condensation at cold source, benefit With capillary substrate supplement, evaporation seawater.
6. a kind of method for desalting seawater based on LNG cold energy according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that:
The low temperature exhaust heat being passed through in heat exchanger tube is the low grade residual heat of recycling.
CN201610967513.9A 2016-10-31 2016-10-31 A kind of seawater desalination system and method based on LNG cold energy Expired - Fee Related CN106477658B (en)

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CN107804888B (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-05-10 武汉大学 The seawater desalination system of the recovered steam latent heat of condensation
CN109292859B (en) * 2018-10-29 2020-02-21 山东大学 Plate-type condensing heat exchanger and seawater desalination system thereof
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CN109987662A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-09 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of humidification that solar energy is coupled with LNG removes wet process sea water desalination process
CN110407289B (en) * 2019-06-25 2021-01-15 中国矿业大学 Seawater desalination and natural air conditioning refrigeration device and method based on ultrasonic waves
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