CN106477074A - A kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft - Google Patents

A kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106477074A
CN106477074A CN201611074543.3A CN201611074543A CN106477074A CN 106477074 A CN106477074 A CN 106477074A CN 201611074543 A CN201611074543 A CN 201611074543A CN 106477074 A CN106477074 A CN 106477074A
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vibration
spacecraft
platform
orbit
sound
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CN106477074B (en
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马蕾
王营营
洪岩
齐晓军
宋港
李霖圣
付国庆
张利
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Equipment
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Equipment
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G7/00Simulating cosmonautic conditions, e.g. for conditioning crews
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G7/00Simulating cosmonautic conditions, e.g. for conditioning crews
    • B64G2007/005Space simulation vacuum chambers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft;Carry vibration-isolating platform including anechoic test room and the big Low-rigidity suspension system that carries with big, test zone can be improved to solid and air-borne sound isolation effect in described anechoic test room, provides a kind of super stationary ring border for spacecraft ground mechanical test;The described big vibration-isolating platform that carries is mainly the vibration interference that isolation ground is transferred to spacecraft;Described big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system mainly sets up the border under suspended state, is a kind of in-orbit weightlessness of spacecraft simulation, isolates the outside vibration interference being transferred to product simultaneously.The present invention provides in-orbit super quiet weightlessness complementary conditions for completing the test of spacecraft micro-vibration, the in-orbit weightlessness of Simulated Spacecraft and super stationary ring border, improve the sound insulation of micro-vibration test section and vibration isolating effect, meet the requirement to background noise and suppression environmental disturbances for the spacecraft micro-vibration test.

Description

A kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft
Technical field
The present invention relates to the in-orbit environmental simulation of spacecraft is and in particular to a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness mould of new spacecraft Intend pilot system.
Background technology
Spacecraft in orbit during, rotatable parts high-speed rotation on star, large-scale controlled member driving mechanism step motion, During becoming rail posture adjustment, thruster ignition operation, large-size pliable structure turnover shade alternating hot and cold induction disturbance etc. all can make celestial body produce Raw shaking response.All there is micro-vibration disturbing source in most of spacecrafts.Because micro-vibration mechanical environment effect amplitude is little, to big portion Divide satellite borne equipment will not produce to significantly affect, be generally omitted.But to high accuracy remote sensing satellite, micro-vibration disturbance is by serious shadow Ring the important performance indexes such as its pointing accuracy, degree of stability and resolution.
Satellite platform is subject to the adjustment of attitude momenttum wheel, thruster posture adjustment, solar array adjustment, camera scanning mechanism to work Disturb the single of vibration source or comprehensive function, can lead to spacecraft that the system of micro-vibration environment sensitive is produced with misoperation, this micro- shake Dynamic kinetic energy is little, bandwidth, and attitude control system is difficult to observing and controlling, and can cause composition space camera structure and optical system The Light deformation of each inside parts or micrometric displacement each other, affect image quality.If certain model satellite momentum wheel is in electricity The microvibration causing during survey, leads to satellite ground quick operationally to create saltus step, thus creating to its service behaviour Serious impact.Certain model finds when infrared camera is imaged jointly with CCD camera in ground test, during infrared camera imaging Sweeping mirror rotates the low frequency causing and disturbs and shakes, and by celestial body structure Coupling to CCD camera, makes CCD camera put mirror and produces mechanical oscillation, Have impact on CCD camera image quality.Therefore, the high precision measurement technical need for micro-vibration environment is also more and more urgent.For Realize the simulation of spacecraft in-orbit weightlessness, complete micro-vibration high precision measurement, design is a kind of big to carry vibration-isolating platform, micro- During vibration-testing, ground is transferred to the vibration interference of spacecraft, sets up clamped experimental technique state, by extraneous vibration to survey The vibration interference of test system is reduced to minimum level, thus what the moving component of accurate measurement spacecraft body operationally produced Micro-vibration.
Spacecraft is subject to the adjustment of attitude momenttum wheel, thruster posture adjustment, solar array adjusts, camera scanning mechanism works etc. and to disturb The single or comprehensive function of vibration source, can lead to spacecraft to produce misoperation, this micro-vibration to the system of micro-vibration environment sensitive Kinetic energy little, bandwidth, attitude control system is difficult to observing and controlling, and can cause each of composition space camera structure and optical system The Light deformation of individual inside parts or micrometric displacement each other, affect image quality.For more truly Simulated Spacecraft Working condition under in-orbit super quiet weightlessness, need to be in the micro-vibration pilot region of the large-scale carrying vibration-isolating platform of anechoic test room Setting is big to carry Low rigidity flexibility suspension gear.
In spacecraft development process, the super quiet weightlessness micro-vibration pilot system purpose of whole star is directly to examine sensitive load Whether main performance index meets requirement.In order to reduce as far as possible extraneous vibration, effect of noise it is ensured that test signal accurate Property and reliability, the test of whole star micro-vibration must complete in Chao Jing environmental test chamber.With numerous carry high-resolution camera, The spacecraft of high accuracy load constantly starts to research and develop, for in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system and micro-vibration problem Furtheing investigate to become needs urgently in the face of the key problem with solution.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft, solve The technological difficulties of in-orbit micro-vibration environmental simulation in prior art, improve test zone to vibration isolation and defening effect, are high-precision Degree Large Spacecraft provides advanced in-orbit super quiet weightlessness micro-vibration means of testing.
The present invention passes through scheme in detail below and realizes:
A kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft, including anechoic test room, carries greatly vibration isolation Platform and big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system, described anechoic test room includes driving, sound absorption structure, sound-proof wall, vibration isolation rail, examination Test room ground and soundproof door, described big carrying vibration-isolating platform includes large-scale vibration-isolating platform and air cushion shock absorber, described sound insulation Wall is connected by described vibration isolation rail with described test chamber ground, and described large-scale vibration-isolating platform passes through institute with described test chamber ground State air cushion shock absorber to connect, described sound absorption structure is fixedly connected with described sound-proof wall;Described big carrying Low rigidity suspention system System includes grade slab, stand, suspension platform, hoisting cross beam, force transducer and tractor, described suspension platform and described lifting Crossbeam is connected by rigid rod by described elastic threads elastic connection, described suspension platform, rigid rod is installed described dynamometry and passes Sensor, for measuring the gravity of suspension platform, described tractor, by dragging counterweight and angle pulley is connected by steel wire rope, is used In lifting described hoisting cross beam, drag counterweight, for trim suspension arrangement empty-weight so that drawing force is as far as possible little;Described examination Test the upper surface surrounding laying vibration isolation rail of room ground, be provided with sound-proof wall above vibration isolation rail, sound-proof wall is provided with sound insulation Door, soundproof door has sound insulation, sound absorption function.
Preferably, the size of described large-scale vibration-isolating platform is 10m × 8m, and large-scale vibration-isolating platform quality is 170000Kg, holds Loading capability is 30000Kg.
Preferably, the quantity of described air cushion shock absorber is 16, and 16 air cushion shock absorbers adopt even support Form, each air cushion shock absorber arranges the external Auxiliary Damping air bag (air accumulator) of 100L it is ensured that system frequency For 1.3Hz.
Preferably, the upper surface of described large-scale vibration-isolating platform and the upper surface of described vibration isolation rail are in same level, institute The lower surface stating large-scale vibration-isolating platform surrounding is fixedly connected with the upper surface of described air cushion shock absorber, described air spring every Described vibration-isolating platform can be made to raise, thus separating with described test chamber ground after the device that shakes inflation.
Preferably, described stand is fixed on grade slab by mounting screw, and described grade slab is fixed on large-scale vibration isolation and puts down On platform, described grade slab can with leveling it is ensured that stand install vertical.
Preferably, described suspension platform is along the circumferential direction provided with six uniform sling points, and sling point can be in circumference Motion in the certain limit of direction, adapts to the installation requirement of different sling point products.
Preferably, described hoisting cross beam is provided with four guide rail guiding by stand, and described hoisting cross beam is provided with four Guiding point, each guiding point has a lateral roller and a positive way roller, and described hoisting cross beam is used for whole suspension arrangement Lifting, facilitates the installation of product and the maintenance of system.
Preferably, described elastic threads adopt multi-strand cable, and described elastic threads two ends are equipped with fast knot, described hoisting cross beam and institute State suspension platform relative position and be equipped with the suspension hook that can conveniently dismantle.
Preferably, described stand is provided with 4 safety plugs, when stand does not work or be in suspension status, described Hoisting cross beam is all placed on safety plug, and safety plug bears the power of whole crossbeam, and safety plug carries greatly, and carries for cantilever.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention, due to can improve test zone to solid and air-borne sound isolation effect using anechoic test room, is spacecraft Terra mechanics test provides a kind of super stationary ring border.Shaking of spacecraft is transferred to using the big vibration-isolating platform predominantly isolation ground that carries Dynamic interference.Mainly set up the border under suspended state using big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system, be that spacecraft simulation one kind is in-orbit Weightlessness, isolates the outside vibration interference being transferred to product simultaneously.Testing for spacecraft micro-vibration provides in-orbit super quiet weightlessness Environment complementary conditions, the in-orbit weightlessness of Simulated Spacecraft and super stationary ring border, improve the sound insulation of micro-vibration test section and vibration isolating effect, Meet the requirement to background noise and suppression environmental disturbances for the spacecraft micro-vibration test;Specifically,
1st, the present invention be due to using sandstone ground, can greatly improve the isolation effect of ground vibration, the vibration interference of low frequency, Available vibration isolation Track System and the big Low rigidity vibration-isolating platform that carries realize isolation.
What the 2nd, the present invention passed through that the big air cushion shock absorber carrying Low rigidity vibration-isolating platform transmits to test chamber ground is low Frequency vibration is isolated, and fit quality block realizes twin-stage Vibration Absorbing System Design.
3rd, the present invention, using the high intensity sound insulation roof customizing, composite construction body of wall, is filled out using sound-absorbing material between body of wall Fill, isolation structures are transmitted, improve sound insulation of wall, strengthen the isolation effect of air-borne sound.
4th, the present invention adopts metal wedge absorber to cover on surrounding sound-proof wall and roof, effectively reduces in test zone Background noise, the background noise meeting micro-vibration test requires.
5th, suspension system of the present invention devises liftable crossbeam, changes elastic threads, equipment on crossbeam for the maintenance and installation very Convenient.
6th, suspension system crossbeam of the present invention is heavier, in lifting lifting process, employs counterweight method, needs dragging motor work( Rate very little, reduces the load dragging steel wire rope so that system is safer;
7th, the method that suspension system of the present invention employs adjustment rigidity.In the design elastic threads are divided into multiply, at one It is uniformly distributed on disk, there is button on elastic threads both sides it is only necessary to hang on the hook on the fixed disk of both sides, install and easy to loading and unloading.
8th, suspension system of the present invention devises a liftable crossbeam although cost is higher, but elastic threads replacing side Just, safety, system maintenance is also convenient for, safety.Preferably solve the problems such as installation of system, replacing, maintenance.
Brief description
The detailed description with reference to the following drawings, non-limiting example made by reading, the further feature of the present invention, Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial component large-scale vibration-isolating platform structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial component anechoic test cell structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the partial component suspension system structural representation of the present invention;
In figure:1- anechoic test room, 2- big carrying vibration-isolating platform, 3- big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system.4- vibration-isolating platform, 5- air cushion shock absorber, 6- drives a vehicle, 7- sound absorption structure, 8- sound-proof wall, 9- vibration isolation rail, 10- test chamber ground, and 11- insulates against sound Door, 12- grade slab, 13- stand, 14- suspension platform, 15- hoisting cross beam, 16- force transducer, 17- elastic threads, 18- pull-over gear Structure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will be helpful to the technology of this area Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill to this area For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformation can also be made and improve.These broadly fall into the present invention Protection domain.
As shown in figure 1, the present embodiment is related to a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft, including Anechoic test room 1, big carry vibration-isolating platform 2 and big carry Low-rigidity suspension system 3, described anechoic test room 1 includes driving a vehicle 6, Sound absorption structure 7, sound-proof wall 8, vibration isolation rail 9, test chamber ground 10 and soundproof door 11, described big carrying vibration-isolating platform 2 includes greatly Type vibration-isolating platform 4 and air cushion shock absorber 5, described sound-proof wall 8 is with described test chamber ground 10 by described vibration isolation rail 9 even Connect, described large-scale vibration-isolating platform 4 is connected by described air cushion shock absorber 5 with described test chamber ground 10, described sound absorption knot Structure 7 is fixedly connected with described sound-proof wall 8;Described big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system 3 includes grade slab 12, stand 13, hangs and put down Platform 14, hoisting cross beam 15, force transducer 16 and tractor 18, described suspension platform 14 and described hoisting cross beam 15 pass through described Elastic threads 17 elastic connection, described suspension platform 14 is connected by rigid rod, and rigid rod is installed described force cell 16, uses In the gravity of measurement suspension platform 14, described tractor 18 is connected by steel wire rope by dragging counterweight and angle pulley, is used for Lift described hoisting cross beam 15, drag counterweight, for trim suspension arrangement empty-weight so that drawing force is as far as possible little;Described examination Test the upper surface surrounding laying vibration isolation rail 9 of room ground 10, vibration isolation rail 9 is provided with sound-proof wall 8 above, sound-proof wall 8 is arranged There is soundproof door 11, soundproof door 11 has sound insulation, sound absorption function.
Test zone can be improved to solid and air-borne sound isolation effect in described whole star anechoic test room, is spacecraft ground Mechanical test provides a kind of super stationary ring border;The vibration that described big carrying vibration-isolating platform predominantly isolation ground is transferred to spacecraft is done Disturb;Described big carrying Low-rigidity suspension system mainly sets up the border under suspended state, is a kind of in-orbit weightlessness of spacecraft simulation State, isolates the outside vibration interference being transferred to product simultaneously.The present invention provides in-orbit surpassing for completing the test of spacecraft micro-vibration Quiet weightlessness complementary conditions, the in-orbit weightlessness of Simulated Spacecraft and super stationary ring border, improve micro-vibration test section sound insulation and every Shake effect, meet the requirement to background noise and suppression environmental disturbances for the spacecraft micro-vibration test.
Further, described air cushion shock absorber 5 adopts dual chamber structure, balloon thickness 1.5mm, and impulse stroke is less than 10mm.Prevent microvibration from passing through air bag and pass to mass in itself it is ensured that the stablizing of system frequency.
Further, described pass through 16 uniform air cushion shock absorbers 5, each air cushion shock absorber arranges one 100L external Auxiliary Damping air bag air accumulator is it is ensured that system frequency is 1.3Hz.It is equipped with horizontal adjustment valve in vibrating isolation system, When vibration-isolating platform load can be made to change, automatically adjust level.
Further, described anechoic test room 1 sound absorption structure adopts metal wedge absorber 7, and sound-absorbing material possesses difficulty in itself Combustion property, high-temperature stability and pliability, non-volatile, do not fall off, meet background noise requirement.
Further, described soundproof door 8 has sound insulation and sound absorption function, is made up of soundproof door and acoustic board door, its sound insulation Amount must be equal to sound insulation of wall level.
Further, described anechoic test room 1 metope and roof and 6 face ring oxygen are laid on ground it is ensured that anechoic test room Antistatic and prevent dust.
Further, the material of described vibration isolation rail 9 is all-metal rustless steel it is ensured that in humidity, high temperature, high oil etc. badly Will not get rusty under environment, the problems such as burn into lost efficacy, for effective isolation elastic foundation vibration to whole test room floor Impact, the space filling sucting sound material between described vibration isolation rail 9 is it is ensured that vibration isolation efficiency reaches optimum.
Further, described sound-proof wall 8 configures the sound insulation sleeve pipe through walls that 3 specialties are used for sealing, is various in test chamber The required signal cable of test does process through walls, it is to avoid the incoming test of outside noise indoor it is ensured that chamber background noise requirements.
Further, access path is set between described vibration-isolating platform 4 and described basic foundation, and aspect is installed and keeped in repair. Between described vibration isolation rail 9 and vibration-isolating platform, fibreglass reinforced plastic cover is set, covers above described access path.
Further, described driving 6 carries out acoustical treatment using special sound absorption structure, is equipped with oil drip-preventing device;Described every Shake and lay steel plate on rail 9, steel plate is built described sound-proof wall 8, described soundproof door 11 is made up of sound insulationg board door and acoustic board door, Its oise insulation factor is equal to sound insulation of wall level, using electric opening form, using assemble type doorframe structure it is ensured that closing Sealing, described large-scale vibration-isolating platform 4 adopts reinforced concrete structure, is poured using punching block;3 are also installed on described rigid rod Force cell 16, the X/Y plane centroid position at power and relative center below measurement suspension platform.Described force cell 16 He Adopt flexible hinge to connect between elastic threads mounting disc and following bearing column, compensate mismatch error or tilt the survey causing Amount error.
When being originally embodied as using, simulate the in-orbit super quiet weightlessness micro-vibration environment of whole star.Spacecraft testing product passes through outstanding The suspention that crane system finally realizes product connects, and suspension system is integrally fixed on the platform of each Zhenping, and air cushion shock absorber 5 inflation makes On basic foundation, balancing closes soundproof door 11 for vibration-isolating platform 4 air supporting.When super quiet weightlessness micro-vibration test is carried out, to ground Vibration and air-flow, sound etc. carry out double isolation, and high-frequency signal is effectively isolated by basic foundation and vibration-isolating platform, and low frequency is believed Number isolated by air cushion shock absorber 5 and suspension system 3, noise is effectively declined by the noise elimination structure of dead room 1 Subtract it is possible to be further ensured that the noise level of trial zone, improve the precision of micro-vibration testing experiment.
On the other hand, when producing disturbance in the moving component work process within when test products, vibration-isolating platform 4 and air Spring vibration-isolator 5 and suspension system 3 can be isolated vibration signal with ground, are easy to vibratory response measuring apparatus and are acquired, Sound absorption structure can guarantee that the vibration signal of in the air transmission does not produce reflection and is superimposed, it is to avoid the interference of noise signal, is conducive to High-precision vibration signals collecting and analysis.
A kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention can drop significantly The background noise level of low spacecraft micro-vibration test chamber, the accurately in-orbit super stationary ring border of Simulated Spacecraft and mechanical state, Disclosure satisfy that the test request of spacecraft high accuracy micro-vibration test, have that structure is simple, test preparation is few, ground vibration isolation The advantages of frequency dynamically can be adjusted by air cushion shock absorber, can quickly realize high-precision spacecraft in-orbit super stationary ring border mould Intend.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or modification within the scope of the claims, this not shadow Ring the flesh and blood of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft is it is characterised in that include anechoic test room (1), carry greatly vibration-isolating platform (2) and carry greatly Low-rigidity suspension system (3), described anechoic test room (1) inclusion driving (6), Sound absorption structure (7), sound-proof wall (8), vibration isolation rail (9), test chamber ground (10) and soundproof door (11), described big carrying vibration isolation is put down Platform (2) includes large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) and air cushion shock absorber (5), described sound-proof wall (8) and described test chamber ground (10) Connected by described vibration isolation rail (9), described large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) passes through described air bullet with described test chamber ground (10) Spring vibration isolator (5) connects, and described sound absorption structure (7) is fixedly connected with described sound-proof wall (8);Described big carrying Low rigidity suspention system System (3) includes grade slab (12), stand (13), suspension platform (14), hoisting cross beam (15), force transducer (16) and tractor (18), by described elastic threads (17) elastic connection, described suspension is put down for described suspension platform (14) and described hoisting cross beam (15) Platform (14) is connected by rigid rod, and rigid rod is installed described force cell (16), and described tractor (18) is joined by dragging Weight and angle pulley are connected by steel wire rope, upper surface surrounding laying vibration isolation rail (9) of described test chamber ground (10), vibration isolation Rail (9) is provided with sound-proof wall (8) above, and sound-proof wall (8) is provided with soundproof door (11), and soundproof door (11) has sound insulation, inhales Sound function.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that The size of described large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) is 10m × 8m, and large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) quality is 170000Kg, and bearing capacity is 30000Kg.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that The quantity of described air cushion shock absorber (5) is 16.
16 air cushion shock absorbers (5) adopt even support form, and each air cushion shock absorber (5) is arranged outside a 100L Connect Auxiliary Damping air bag it is ensured that system frequency is 1.3Hz.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that The upper surface of the upper surface of described large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) and described vibration isolation rail (9) in same level, described large-scale vibration isolation The lower surface of platform (4) surrounding is fixedly connected with the upper surface of described air cushion shock absorber (5), described air cushion shock absorber (5) described vibration-isolating platform (4) can be made after inflating to raise, thus separating with described test chamber ground (10).
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that Described stand (13) is fixed on grade slab (12) by mounting screw, and described grade slab (12) is fixed on large-scale vibration-isolating platform (4) on, described grade slab (12) can with leveling it is ensured that stand (13) install vertical.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that Described suspension platform (14) is along the circumferential direction provided with six uniform sling points, and sling point can be in circumferencial direction certain limit Interior motion, adapts to the installation requirement of different sling point products.
7. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that Described hoisting cross beam (15) is provided with four guide rail guiding by stand (13), and described hoisting cross beam (15) is provided with four guiding Point, each guiding point has a lateral roller and a positive way roller.
8. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that Described elastic threads (17) adopt multi-strand cable, and described elastic threads (17) two ends are equipped with fast knot, described hoisting cross beam (15) and described Suspension platform (14) relative position is equipped with the suspension hook that can conveniently dismantle.
9. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of in-orbit super quiet weightlessness simulation experiment system of new spacecraft it is characterised in that On described stand (13), 4 safety plugs are installed, when stand does not work or be in suspension status, described hoisting cross beam (15) All it is placed on safety plug, safety plug bears the power of whole crossbeam (15), safety plug carries greatly, and carry for cantilever.
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