CN106475581B - The device and method that a kind of hydraulic radial loading of main shaft bearing outer ring inhibits vibration - Google Patents
The device and method that a kind of hydraulic radial loading of main shaft bearing outer ring inhibits vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN106475581B CN106475581B CN201610859326.9A CN201610859326A CN106475581B CN 106475581 B CN106475581 B CN 106475581B CN 201610859326 A CN201610859326 A CN 201610859326A CN 106475581 B CN106475581 B CN 106475581B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
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Abstract
本发明一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置和方法，对主轴前端轴承外圈施加均布作用力，提高主轴的刚度和阻尼，进而减小主轴前端的振动。所述装置包括主轴振动监测装置、控制器以及液压调控装置；主轴振动监测装置用于测量并处理主轴的振动信号；控制器的输入端连接主轴振动监测装置的输出端，用于根据收到的振动信号输出控制电压信号到液压调控装置；液压调控装置包括安装在主轴前端轴承外周的带有环形槽的轴承座；安装在轴承座外周并与轴承座上的环形槽形成封闭的环形液压油腔的主轴壳体；依次连接在控制器输出端的功率放大器和电液伺服阀；电液伺服阀与环形液压油腔内部相连通。
The invention discloses a device and method for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of a main shaft bearing, which applies a uniformly distributed force to the outer ring of the bearing at the front end of the main shaft, improves the stiffness and damping of the main shaft, and further reduces the vibration at the front end of the main shaft. The device includes a spindle vibration monitoring device, a controller and a hydraulic control device; the spindle vibration monitoring device is used to measure and process the vibration signal of the spindle; the input end of the controller is connected to the output end of the spindle vibration monitoring device for The vibration signal outputs the control voltage signal to the hydraulic control device; the hydraulic control device includes a bearing seat with an annular groove installed on the outer periphery of the bearing at the front end of the main shaft; it is installed on the outer periphery of the bearing seat and forms a closed annular hydraulic oil chamber with the annular groove on the bearing seat The main shaft housing; the power amplifier and the electro-hydraulic servo valve connected to the output end of the controller in turn; the electro-hydraulic servo valve communicates with the interior of the annular hydraulic oil chamber.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于机床智能主轴领域，涉及加工过程的振动监测和抑制，具体为一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置和方法。The invention belongs to the field of intelligent spindles of machine tools, and relates to vibration monitoring and suppression in a machining process, in particular to a device and method for radially hydraulically loading the outer ring of a spindle bearing and suppressing vibrations.
背景技术Background technique
在数控机床加工过程中，对于工件的表面加工质量和加工效率的要求越来越高。在加工过程中，由于主轴制造和装配过程产生的不平衡量，或者刀具与工件之间相互作用引发的颤振等因素的影响，使得机床主轴在加工过程中可能产生较大的振动。主轴前端过大的振动一方面会影响工件的表面加工质量与加工效率，另一方面也会加快刀具的磨损，影响机床部件的使用寿命，因此有必要在线实时地对机床主轴的振动情况进行监测，并采取某种控制方法减小其振动，保证加工质量。In the process of CNC machine tool processing, the requirements for the surface processing quality and processing efficiency of the workpiece are getting higher and higher. During the machining process, due to the influence of factors such as the unbalance generated by the spindle manufacturing and assembly process, or the chatter caused by the interaction between the tool and the workpiece, the machine tool spindle may generate large vibrations during the machining process. Excessive vibration at the front end of the spindle will affect the surface processing quality and processing efficiency of the workpiece on the one hand, and on the other hand, it will also accelerate the wear of the tool and affect the service life of the machine tool components. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the vibration of the machine tool spindle in real time online , and take some control method to reduce its vibration and ensure the processing quality.
目前针对机床主轴的振动抑制方法主要有：通过改变机床加工参数避免颤振区域抑制振动，如改变主轴的转速、切削深度或者进给速率等；改变主轴系统的阻尼等来改变主轴性能，从而实现对振动的抑制，包括压电陶瓷致动器或磁致伸缩材料均匀分布支撑在主轴前端，通过控制作动力的大小来实现振动的抑制。At present, the vibration suppression methods for the spindle of the machine tool mainly include: avoiding the chatter region by changing the machining parameters of the machine tool to suppress vibration, such as changing the spindle speed, cutting depth or feed rate, etc.; changing the damping of the spindle system to change the performance of the spindle, so as to achieve Vibration suppression includes piezoelectric ceramic actuators or magnetostrictive materials evenly distributed and supported on the front end of the spindle, and vibration suppression is achieved by controlling the magnitude of the operating force.
上述抑制振动方法中，前一种主要针对切削加工过程中产生的颤振现象进行抑制，不能消除其他形式的振动。后一种利用作动材料进行振动抑制的方法具有较好的通用性，但目前已知的振动抑制系统形式和方法又存在结构复杂、安装困难、可靠性差等缺点，因此本专利利用液压来对主轴前端的振动进行抑制，主轴结构简单，可靠性高。Among the above vibration suppression methods, the former one mainly suppresses the chatter phenomenon generated during the cutting process, and cannot eliminate other forms of vibration. The latter method of vibration suppression using actuating materials has good versatility, but the currently known forms and methods of vibration suppression systems have disadvantages such as complex structure, difficult installation, and poor reliability. Therefore, this patent uses hydraulic pressure to control vibration. The vibration at the front end of the spindle is suppressed, the structure of the spindle is simple, and the reliability is high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置和方法，对主轴前端轴承外圈施加均布作用力，提高主轴的刚度和阻尼，进而减小主轴前端的振动。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of the main shaft bearing, which applies a uniformly distributed force to the outer ring of the front end bearing of the main shaft, improves the stiffness and damping of the main shaft, and further reduces vibration. Vibration at the front end of the small spindle.
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置，包括主轴振动监测装置、控制器以及液压调控装置；A device for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of a spindle bearing, including a spindle vibration monitoring device, a controller, and a hydraulic control device;
所述的主轴振动监测装置用于测量并处理主轴的振动信号；The spindle vibration monitoring device is used to measure and process the vibration signal of the spindle;
所述的控制器的输入端连接主轴振动监测装置的输出端，用于根据收到的振动信号输出控制电压信号到液压调控装置；The input end of the controller is connected to the output end of the main shaft vibration monitoring device, and is used to output the control voltage signal to the hydraulic control device according to the received vibration signal;
所述的液压调控装置包括安装在主轴前端轴承外周的带有环形槽的轴承座；安装在轴承座外周并与轴承座上的环形槽形成封闭的环形液压油腔的主轴壳体；依次连接在控制器输出端的功率放大器和电液伺服阀；电液伺服阀与环形液压油腔内部相连通。The hydraulic control device includes a bearing seat with an annular groove installed on the outer periphery of the bearing at the front end of the main shaft; a main shaft housing installed on the outer periphery of the bearing seat and forming a closed annular hydraulic oil chamber with the annular groove on the bearing seat; The power amplifier at the output end of the controller and the electro-hydraulic servo valve; the electro-hydraulic servo valve communicates with the inside of the annular hydraulic oil chamber.
优选的，主轴振动监测装置包括安装在主轴前端用于测量主轴振动幅值的压电加速度传感器和用于处理压电加速度传感器采集的振动信号的数据采集系统；数据采集系统的输入端连接压电加速度传感器，输出端连接控制器的输入端。Preferably, the main shaft vibration monitoring device includes a piezoelectric acceleration sensor installed on the front end of the main shaft for measuring the vibration amplitude of the main shaft and a data acquisition system for processing vibration signals collected by the piezoelectric acceleration sensor; the input end of the data acquisition system is connected to the piezoelectric An acceleration sensor, the output end of which is connected to the input end of the controller.
优选的，所述环形液压油腔沿径向呈均匀分布。Preferably, the annular hydraulic oil chambers are evenly distributed in the radial direction.
优选的，所述主轴壳体上开设有与环形液压油腔贯通的进油通道，进油通道上设有进油口。Preferably, the main shaft housing is provided with an oil inlet channel that communicates with the annular hydraulic oil cavity, and an oil inlet is provided on the oil inlet channel.
优选的，电液伺服阀的输入端连接供油系统。Preferably, the input end of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is connected to the oil supply system.
优选的，压电加速度传感器安装在主轴壳体上靠近主轴前端轴承的一端。Preferably, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is installed on the end of the main shaft housing close to the bearing at the front end of the main shaft.
一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的方法，通过本发明所述的抑制振动的装置对主轴轴承外圈进行加载，包括如下步骤，A method for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading of the outer ring of a spindle bearing, wherein the vibration suppression device of the present invention is used to load the outer ring of a spindle bearing, including the following steps,
(1)在加工过程中，主轴前端的压电加速度传感器将测得的主轴振动模拟信号；(1) During the machining process, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor at the front end of the spindle will measure the spindle vibration analog signal;
(2)振动模拟信号经数据采集系统得到振动信号，再输入到控制器中进行处理输出控制电压的步骤；控制器中经数据采集系统输出的振动信号得到振动信号的标准差比SR，当标准差比超过当前加工情况下振动信号的阈值时，控制器通过PID(比例-积分-微分)调节输出控制电压；(2) The vibration analog signal is obtained by the data acquisition system to obtain the vibration signal, and then input to the controller to process the step of outputting the control voltage; the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal obtained by the vibration signal output by the data acquisition system in the controller, when the standard When the difference ratio exceeds the threshold value of the vibration signal under the current processing condition, the controller adjusts the output control voltage through PID (proportional-integral-differential);
(3)输出控制电压通过功率放大器控制电液伺服阀的阀芯，进而控制环形液压油腔中液压油的压力的步骤；(3) The step of outputting the control voltage to control the spool of the electro-hydraulic servo valve through the power amplifier, and then controlling the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the annular hydraulic oil chamber;
(4)通过轴承座将压力传递到主轴，提高主轴刚度和阻尼从而减小主轴前端振动的步骤。(4) The step of transmitting the pressure to the main shaft through the bearing seat, increasing the rigidity and damping of the main shaft so as to reduce the vibration of the front end of the main shaft.
优选的，振动信号的标准差比SR用来反映振动信号的瞬时幅值相对于理想振动幅值的增长情况；由下式得到振动信号的标准差比SR，Preferably, the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal is used to reflect the growth of the instantaneous amplitude of the vibration signal relative to the ideal vibration amplitude; the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal is obtained by the following formula,
其中，σ为当前振动信号采样小样本计算的瞬时标准差；Among them, σ is the instantaneous standard deviation calculated from the current vibration signal sampling small sample;
σi为理想振动状态下第i次采样的标准差；σ i is the standard deviation of the i-th sampling under the ideal vibration state;
N为理想振动状态下的采样次数。N is the number of samples under the ideal vibration state.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置和方法，在加工过程中，通过液压系统对主轴轴承外圈施加均布压力，能够更好地根据不同的需求提高主轴的性能，实现减小主轴振动的目的；液压调控系统的原理和方法较为成熟，在主轴的振动调控过程中更加简单和稳定；结构上不需要对主轴系统进行较大的改变且装配简单。The invention discloses a device and method for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of the main shaft bearing. During the processing process, the hydraulic system applies uniform pressure to the outer ring of the main shaft bearing, which can better improve the performance of the main shaft according to different requirements. The purpose of reducing the vibration of the main shaft is achieved; the principle and method of the hydraulic control system are relatively mature, and the vibration control process of the main shaft is simpler and more stable; the structure does not require major changes to the main shaft system and the assembly is simple.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述装置的结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of the device of the present invention.
图2为本发明所述方法的流程图。Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
图中：1为主轴，2为主轴前端轴承，3为主轴壳体，4为液压油腔，5为进油口，6为轴承座，7为压电加速度传感器，8为数据采集系统，9为控制器，10为功率放大器，11为电液伺服阀，12为供油系统。In the figure: 1 is the main shaft, 2 is the front end bearing of the main shaft, 3 is the main shaft shell, 4 is the hydraulic oil chamber, 5 is the oil inlet, 6 is the bearing seat, 7 is the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, 8 is the data acquisition system, 9 10 is a power amplifier, 11 is an electro-hydraulic servo valve, and 12 is an oil supply system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are explanations of the present invention rather than limitations.
本发明一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置，包括主轴振动监测装置、控制器以及液压调控装置；所述主轴振动监测装置用于测量主轴振动幅值；所述控制器用于根据所述监测部分得到的主轴振动信号，输出控制信电压号；所述液压调控装置用于接收控制器输出的控制电压信号，并通过功率放大器控制电液伺服阀的阀芯，进而控制进液压油腔处的压力，最终通过带有环形槽的轴承座对主轴前端轴承外圈施加均布压力提高主轴刚度和阻尼并减小主轴振动。The invention relates to a device for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of a spindle bearing, comprising a spindle vibration monitoring device, a controller and a hydraulic control device; the spindle vibration monitoring device is used to measure the vibration amplitude of the spindle; the controller is used to The main shaft vibration signal obtained by the monitoring part outputs a control signal voltage signal; the hydraulic control device is used to receive the control voltage signal output by the controller, and control the spool of the electro-hydraulic servo valve through a power amplifier, and then control the flow of hydraulic oil The pressure at the chamber finally applies uniform pressure to the outer ring of the bearing at the front end of the spindle through the bearing seat with an annular groove to improve the rigidity and damping of the spindle and reduce the vibration of the spindle.
具体的，如图1所示，本发明一种主轴轴承外圈径向液压加载抑制振动的装置包括主轴振动监测装置、控制器9以及液压调控装置；Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, a device for suppressing vibration by radial hydraulic loading on the outer ring of a spindle bearing according to the present invention includes a spindle vibration monitoring device, a controller 9, and a hydraulic control device;
主轴振动监测装置包括压电加速度传感器7、用于处理压电加速度传感器采集的振动信号的数据采集系统8，其中，压电加速度传感器7安装在主轴1前端轴承2附近的主轴壳体3上，用于采集主轴1的实时振动幅值；同时数据采集系统8可以对主轴1振动幅值信号实时处理，并输入到控制器9中。The main shaft vibration monitoring device includes a piezoelectric acceleration sensor 7 and a data acquisition system 8 for processing vibration signals collected by the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, wherein the piezoelectric acceleration sensor 7 is installed on the main shaft housing 3 near the front end bearing 2 of the main shaft 1, It is used to collect the real-time vibration amplitude of the main shaft 1; at the same time, the data acquisition system 8 can process the vibration amplitude signal of the main shaft 1 in real time and input it into the controller 9.
控制器9用于根据数据采集系统8得到的主轴1振动信号，输出控制电压信号到液压调控装置；The controller 9 is used to output the control voltage signal to the hydraulic control device according to the vibration signal of the main shaft 1 obtained by the data acquisition system 8;
液压调控装置包括安装在主轴1前端轴承2外周的带有环形槽的轴承座6；安装在轴承座6外周并与轴承座6上的环形槽形成封闭的液压油腔4的主轴壳体3；轴承座6与轴承2外圈小间隙配合装配；与控制器9输出端连接的功率放大器10；与功率放大器10连接的电液伺服阀11，该电液伺服阀11与所述液压油腔4内部相通。The hydraulic control device includes a bearing seat 6 with an annular groove installed on the outer periphery of the front end bearing 2 of the main shaft 1; a main shaft housing 3 installed on the outer periphery of the bearing seat 6 and forming a closed hydraulic oil chamber 4 with the annular groove on the bearing seat 6; The bearing seat 6 is assembled with a small gap between the outer ring of the bearing 2; the power amplifier 10 connected to the output end of the controller 9; the electro-hydraulic servo valve 11 connected to the power amplifier 10, and the electro-hydraulic servo valve 11 is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber 4 Interlinked.
本发明所述的振动抑制方法，如图2所示，在加工过程中，主轴1前端的压电加速度传感器7将测得的主轴1振动模拟信号经数据采集系统8，输入到控制器9中进行处理，得到振动信号的标准差比SR，针对不同的加工情况，设定不同加工情况下振动信号的阈值，当标准差比超过阈值，则控制器通过PID调节输出控制电压，最后通过功率放大器10控制电液伺服阀11的阀芯，进而控制进液压油腔4处的压力，由于该进油口5与液压油腔4相通，因此压力油可作用在轴承座6上，由轴承座6对主轴1的振动进行抑制。此外，电液伺服阀11、液压油腔4与供油系统12相连，形成回路。In the vibration suppression method of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, during the machining process, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor 7 at the front end of the main shaft 1 inputs the measured vibration analog signal of the main shaft 1 into the controller 9 through the data acquisition system 8 After processing, the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal is obtained. According to different processing conditions, the threshold value of the vibration signal under different processing conditions is set. When the standard deviation ratio exceeds the threshold value, the controller adjusts the output control voltage through PID, and finally through the power amplifier. 10 controls the spool of the electro-hydraulic servo valve 11, and then controls the pressure at the hydraulic oil chamber 4. Since the oil inlet 5 communicates with the hydraulic oil chamber 4, the pressure oil can act on the bearing seat 6, and the bearing seat 6 Vibration of main shaft 1 is suppressed. In addition, the electro-hydraulic servo valve 11 and the hydraulic oil chamber 4 are connected with the oil supply system 12 to form a circuit.
其中，振动信号的标准差比SR用来反映振动信号的瞬时幅值相对于理想振动幅值的增长情况；由下式得到振动信号的标准差比SR，Among them, the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal is used to reflect the increase of the instantaneous amplitude of the vibration signal relative to the ideal vibration amplitude; the standard deviation ratio SR of the vibration signal is obtained by the following formula,
其中，σ为当前振动信号采样小样本计算的瞬时标准差；Among them, σ is the instantaneous standard deviation calculated from the current vibration signal sampling small sample;
σi为理想振动状态下第i次采样的标准差；σ i is the standard deviation of the i-th sampling under the ideal vibration state;
N为理想振动状态下的采样次数。N is the number of samples under the ideal vibration state.
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