CN106469813A - A kind of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106469813A CN106469813A CN201510504722.5A CN201510504722A CN106469813A CN 106469813 A CN106469813 A CN 106469813A CN 201510504722 A CN201510504722 A CN 201510504722A CN 106469813 A CN106469813 A CN 106469813A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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Abstract
For overcoming the low problem of lithium ion cell positive energy density in prior art, the invention provides a kind of positive electrode active materials, including inner nuclear material and the covering material being coated on described inner nuclear material surface；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100 600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1 20 μm；Described covering material is conducting polymer.The invention also discloses the preparation method of this positive electrode active materials, the positive plate including this positive electrode active materials and lithium ion battery.In the positive electrode active materials granule that the method that the present invention provides prepares, covering material is coated on inner nuclear material surface, makes the ionic conductivity of positive electrode active materials and electronic conductivity high, and effective gram volume height, beneficial to the energy density improving lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion secondary, more particularly, to a kind of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery.
Background technology
In current daily life, lithium rechargeable battery has been widely used in mobile phone, notebook computer and other digital products, is indispensable energy storage device.At present, the positive electrode being applied to lithium ion battery mainly inserts embedding transition metal stratiform oxide using lithium ion, such as LiCoO2、LiMn2O4Deng.The charge and discharge process of such material depends on orderly insertion in its lattice structure for the lithium ion and deintercalation, and the capacity of these materials and cyclical stability are mainly determined by the stability of its crystal structure.In charge and discharge process, once crystal structure is destroyed or loses restorability, the capacity of battery will be decayed and cycle performance deteriorates.
In addition, these traditional lithium ions insert embedding positive electrode mostly can only carry out one electron redox reaction in charge and discharge process, its obtainable specific capacity is led to be usually less than 200mAhg-1So that the energy density of lithium ion battery is relatively low.It is currently based on the lithium ion battery of these the traditional positive electrodes application higher to those energy density demands, such as hybrid electric vehicle, pure electric vehicle etc., show weak point.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the problem low for lithium ion battery energy density in prior art, provides a kind of positive electrode active materials.
The technical scheme that present invention solution above-mentioned technical problem is adopted is as follows：
There is provided a kind of positive electrode active materials, including inner nuclear material and the covering material being coated on described inner nuclear material surface；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is selected from K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；Described covering material is conducting polymer.
Meanwhile, present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned positive electrode active materials, comprise the steps：
S1, offer inner nuclear material；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is selected from K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；
S2, inner nuclear material is scattered in water and the mixed solvent of water soluble alcohols organic solvent, obtains mixed liquor；
S3, dopant, oxidant and polymerizer are added in described mixed liquor, are reacted under agitation, after filtering, being dried, obtain described positive electrode active materials；
Described dopant is selected from one of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecyl sodium sulfate, paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, petroleum sodium sulfonate, ten alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides；Described oxidant is selected from one of trivalent iron salt, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide；Described polymerizer is selected from one of pyrroles, aniline, diphenyl sulfide, phthalocyanine, thiophene, acrylonitrile.
And, present invention also offers a kind of positive plate, the positive electrode including plus plate current-collecting body and on plus plate current-collecting body, described positive electrode includes positive electrode active materials；Described positive electrode active materials are aforesaid positive electrode active materials or are prepared by said method.
In addition, present invention also offers using above-mentioned positive plate lithium ion battery, include battery container and be arranged at battery core in battery container, described battery core includes winding or the positive plate of stacking, barrier film and negative plate；Described positive plate is foregoing positive plate.
Inventor is found by many experiments, and above-mentioned inner nuclear material has abnormal high theoretical gram volume.Simultaneously, in the positive electrode active materials that the present invention provides, conducting polymer covering material is coated on inner nuclear material surface, can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of positive electrode active materials, the advantage of inner nuclear material high theory gram volume is made to be fully used, thus being beneficial to greatly improve lithium ion battery energy density.
And, in the positive electrode active materials that the present invention provides, it is 1-20 μm of micron particle that inner nuclear material includes the nano-particle for 100-600nm for the mean diameter and mean diameter, can effectively ensure the cycle performance of this positive electrode active materials so as to have excellent comprehensive electrochemical.
Specific embodiment
In order that technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect become more apparent, with reference to embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The positive electrode active materials that the present invention provides include inner nuclear material and are coated on the covering material on described inner nuclear material surface；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；Described covering material is conducting polymer.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned inner nuclear material specifically can adopt K4[NiMo6O24H6]、Na4[NiMo6O24H6]、K3[CoMo6O24H6]、Na3[CoMo6O24H6].
Inventor finds in an experiment, and the various materials meeting above-mentioned formula have very high theoretical gram volume, be used as lithium ion battery positive electrode active materials when, beneficial to improve lithium ion battery energy density.But, existing at present above-mentioned positive electrode active materials have the shortcomings that electrical conductivity is low, greatly constrain the performance of its chemical property.Inventor finds, can improve its ionic conductivity by reducing the particle diameter of above-mentioned positive electrode active materials to a certain extent to nanoscale.However, finding through experiment, the various materials meeting above-mentioned formula have stronger catalytic action, and when its particle diameter is nanoscale, the cycle performance of the battery being prepared by it is substantially reduced.
In the present invention, based on above-mentioned material, it is used in mixed way using the nano-particle for 100-600nm for the mean diameter and micron particle that mean diameter is 120 μm, the reduction of cycle performance can be prevented effectively from.
According to the invention it is preferred in the case of, the content of described nano-particle and micron particle is than for 1-5：1-5, more preferably 1-3：1-3.
And, in the positive electrode active materials that the present invention provides, the Surface coating of above-mentioned inner nuclear material has conducting polymer covering material, the electric conductivity of positive electrode active materials can be greatly improved further, so that the high feature of the theoretical gram volume of above-mentioned inner nuclear material is given full play to, beneficial to the high rate performance improving material.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned covering material can be using conventional various conducting polymers, for example, and described covering material is one of polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, poly- phthalocyanine, polythiophene, polyacrylonitrile.
In the present invention, in above-mentioned positive electrode active materials, the relative amount of covering material and inner nuclear material can be in interior variation in a big way, under preferable case, in described positive electrode active materials, and inner nuclear material is 4-100 with the mass ratio of covering material：1.
Meanwhile, present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned positive electrode active materials, comprise the steps：
S1, offer inner nuclear material；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；
S2, inner nuclear material is scattered in water and the mixed solvent of water soluble alcohols organic solvent, obtains mixed liquor；
S3, dopant, oxidant and polymerizer are added in described mixed liquor, are reacted under agitation, after filtering, being dried, obtain described positive electrode active materials；
Described dopant is selected from one of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecyl sodium sulfate, paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, petroleum sodium sulfonate, ten alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides；Described oxidant is selected from one of trivalent iron salt, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide；Described polymerizer is selected from one of pyrroles, aniline, diphenyl sulfide, phthalocyanine, thiophene, acrylonitrile.
As it was previously stated, above-mentioned inner nuclear material specifically can adopt K4[NiMo6O24H6]、Na4[NiMo6O24H6]、K3[CoMo6O24H6]、Na3[CoMo6O24H6].
Specifically, above-mentioned inner nuclear material for example, can first obtain (NH by directly obtaining the nano-particle and micron particle mixing that meet above-mentioned particle size range it is also possible to directly be prepared as follows4)4[NiMo6O24H6] or (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material, then described precursor material is dissolved in the water, is subsequently adding X+Water-soluble salt solution, precipitation molecular formula be X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6] crystalline solid；X is K or Na.Subsequently described crystalline solid is carried out ball milling, obtain the inner nuclear material including nano-particle and micron particle, the mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm.It should be understood that the molecular formula of described nano-particle and micron particle is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6], X is K or Na.
In the present invention, molecular formula is (NH4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material can be prepared via a method which to obtain：(NH by 3.29g (2.66mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the NiSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.815g (3.08mmol)4·6H2O solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Become cloudy during solution surpluses about 40ml, when continuing to be evaporated to residue about 20ml, a large amount of precipitations occur, stops heating, make solution natural cooling.It is (NH by the molecular formula that said method prepares4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material average particle size be usually more than 20 μm.
Molecular formula is (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material can be prepared via a method which to obtain：(NH by 1.59g (1.29mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the CoSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.42g (1.5mmol)4·7H2O and 0.936g (4.102mmol) (NH4)2S2O8Solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Until blue precipitate occurs, stop heating, make solution natural cooling.It is (NH by the molecular formula that said method prepares4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material average particle size be usually more than 30 μm.
In the present invention, above-mentioned X+The water-soluble salt solution of (X is K or Na) can be using conventional water soluble salt, such as KSO4、K2SO4、KCl、NaSO4、Na2SO4、NaCl.Above-mentioned K+Or Na+The addition of water soluble salt can be excessive, with as far as possible sufficiently by NH4 +Replace with K+Or Na+.
By crystalline solid is carried out above-mentioned ball milling, form nano-particle and the micron particle meeting above range, it is to avoid negative effect that the strong catalytic action of material itself is brought is it is ensured that the cycle performance of material.According to the invention it is preferred in the case of, in inner nuclear material, the content of described nano-particle and micron particle is than for 1-5：1-5, more preferably 1-3：1-3.
According to the present invention, after obtaining above-mentioned inner nuclear material, as described in step S2, inner nuclear material is scattered in water and the mixed solvent of water soluble alcohols organic solvent, obtains mixed liquor.
Under preferable case, in mixed solvent, water soluble alcohols organic solvent is 1-5 with the volume ratio of water：1.Described inner nuclear material is 0.001-0.05 with the mass ratio of described water：1.
Water soluble alcohols organic solvent employed in above-mentioned steps can be using conventional water soluble alcohols organic solvent, for example specifically can be selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or isopropanol.
After obtaining above-mentioned mixed liquor, according to the present invention, dopant, oxidant and polymerizer need to be added in described mixed liquor, be reacted under agitation, thus in above-mentioned inner nuclear material Surface Creation conducting polymer.
In the present invention, described dopant is selected from one of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecyl sodium sulfate, paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, petroleum sodium sulfonate, ten alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides；Described oxidant is selected from one of trivalent iron salt (such as ferric chloride, iron sulfate, ferric nitrate), persulfate (such as potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate, Ammonium persulfate .), hydrogen peroxide；Described polymerizer is selected from one of pyrroles, aniline, diphenyl sulfide, phthalocyanine, thiophene, acrylonitrile.
Dopant, oxidant, the addition of polymerizer generate conducting polymer with mutually reactive, and under preferable case, in described step S3, the dopant of interpolation, oxidant, the mol ratio of polymerizer are 0.001-0.1：0.01-0.2：0.001-0.1.
The addition of above-mentioned polymerizer how much have influence on inner nuclear material surface formed conducting polymer number, in the present invention, for preferably improving the electric conductivity of positive electrode active materials, under preferable case, in described step S3, the addition of polymerizer and the weight of inner nuclear material are than for 0.005-0.5：1.
According to the invention it is preferred in the case of, in described step S3, the response time carrying out under stirring condition controls in 1-18 hour.
In the present invention, required positive electrode active materials can be prepared by said method.
Meanwhile, present invention also offers a kind of positive plate, the positive electrode including plus plate current-collecting body and on plus plate current-collecting body, described positive electrode includes the positive electrode active materials that method as described before prepares.
Similar with existing positive plate, in the present invention, the species of described plus plate current-collecting body is known to those skilled in the art, for example, can be selected from aluminium foil, Copper Foil, Punching steel strip.
According to the present invention, in positive electrode, the content of positive electrode active materials is 20-99wt%, preferably 30-60wt%.In the present invention, the mean diameter of positive electrode active materials is below 600nm, further preferably in the case of, the mean diameter of described positive electrode active materials is 100-600nm, more preferably 100-500nm.Now, beneficial to the electric conductivity improving positive electrode active materials further, improve its charge/discharge capacity, beneficial to the energy density improving the lithium ion battery being prepared by this positive electrode active materials.
In described positive electrode in addition to above-mentioned positive electrode active materials, generally also include the positive conductive agent that positive electrode binder and selectivity contain.
Positive electrode of the present invention has no particular limits to positive electrode binder, can adopt the various positive electrode binder that can be used for lithium rechargeable battery known in the art, for example, it is possible to be one or more of Kynoar, politef or LA132.In described positive electrode, the content of described positive electrode binder is 0.5-10wt%, preferably 3-10wt%, more preferably 5-10wt%.
The positive electrode that the present invention provides can also be optionally containing generally contained positive conductive agent in prior art positive electrode.Because positive conductive agent is used for increasing the electric conductivity of electrode, reduce the internal resistance of battery, the therefore present invention preferably comprises positive conductive agent.Described positive conductive agent species is known to those skilled in the art, and for example, described positive conductive agent can be selected from one or more of positive conductive agent such as conductive carbon black, acetylene black, furnace black, CNT.
Inventor is found surprisingly that in test, in the present invention, on the basis of the positive electrode active materials that positive electrode active materials provide for the present invention, when positive conductive agent adopts conductive carbon black, can achieve more preferable conductive effect, positive electrode active materials are made to have given play to higher gram volume, thus more obviously improving the energy density of lithium ion battery.
In described positive electrode, the content of described positive conductive agent is 0.5-70wt%, preferably 30-60wt%.Now, on the basis of the positive electrode active materials of the method preparation being provided using the present invention, in the case of above-mentioned positive conductive agent addition, beneficial to the gram volume improving positive electrode active materials.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned positive plate is known, and for example, the preparation method of positive plate includes coating the slurry of the positive conductive agent containing containing positive electrode active materials, positive electrode binder and selectivity on plus plate current-collecting body, dry, roll-in, obtains positive plate after cut-parts.Described drying, generally at 50-160 DEG C, is carried out at preferably 80-150 DEG C.Described roll-in and cut-parts are known to the skilled person, and after the completion of roll-in, the positive pole size according to prepared battery request is cut, and obtains positive plate.
Described coating step forms the positive electrode material layer that thickness is 0.01-1mm on plus plate current-collecting body.
According to the present invention, solvent for preparing anode sizing agent can be selected from conventional solvent, as N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), N can be selected from, dinethylformamide (DMF), N, one or more of N- diethylformamide (DEF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oxolane (THF) and alcohols.The consumption of solvent enables described slurry to be coated on described collector.
Meanwhile, present invention also offers a kind of lithium ion battery using above-mentioned positive plate, including battery container and be arranged at battery core in battery container, described battery core includes positive plate, barrier film and the negative plate setting gradually；Described positive plate is foregoing positive plate.
According to the present invention, in above-mentioned lithium ion battery, remaining part beyond positive plate, such as battery container, barrier film, negative plate etc. all can adopt existing conventional structure and material.
For example, like the prior art, the composition of described negative pole is known to those skilled in the art.The negative electrode active material comprising in negative pole includes to react, with lithium ion, the material forming lithium-containing compound, and lithium alloy.Under preferable case, metal lithium sheet is used as negative pole.
In the present invention, such as existing, barrier film is arranged between positive plate and negative plate, has electrical insulation capability and liquid retainability energy.Described barrier film can be selected from various barrier films used in lithium rechargeable battery, and under preferable case, described barrier film is selected from polyethylene diagrams, polypropylene diaphragm or polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene composite film.The position of described barrier film, property and species are known to those skilled in the art.
Above-mentioned positive plate, barrier film, negative plate are set gradually, and prepares formation battery core by way of conventional.Above-mentioned battery core is positioned in battery container, and by positive pole ear by the positive pole welding of positive plate and battery, so that positive plate is electrically connected with the positive pole of battery, by negative lug by the negative pole welding of negative plate and battery, so that negative plate is electrically connected with the negative pole of battery.
As known to those skilled in the art, after battery core being placed in battery case, also need to inject electrolyte into battery case, so that battery core is immersed in electrolyte, eventually pass plasticizing and chemical conversion can get the lithium rechargeable battery of present invention offer.
The present invention is not particularly limited to electrolyte, can be using conventional various, for example, as known to those skilled in the art, and described electrolyte by nonaqueous solvent and is dissolved in the electrolyte of nonaqueous solvent and forms.Above-mentioned nonaqueous solvent is not particularly limited, can be using nonaqueous solvent so far.Described nonaqueous solvent can make various high boiling solvent of the prior art, low boiling point solvent or their mixture.For example, gamma-butyrolacton can be selected from, ethylene carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester, Allyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, dimethoxy-ethane, diethoxyethane, sultone and other are fluorine-containing, sulfur-bearing or the ring-type organosilane ester containing unsaturated bond, organic acid anhydride, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE, N- methylacetamide, N, dinethylformamide, sulfolane, acetonitrile, at least one in dimethyl sulfoxide.
The electrolyte of dissolving in described nonaqueous solvent, the present invention limits also without special, can be using the electrolyte being generally used for Lithium Secondary Battery Of Nonaqueous Electrolyte.As lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), LiBF4 (LiBF4), hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiSbF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), fluorohydrocarbon base Sulfonic Lithium (LiCF3SO3)、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3, high lithium aluminate (LiAlO4)、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2) (in formula, x and y is the natural number of 1-10), one or more of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium iodide (LiI).In nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the concentration of electrolyte is generally 0.1-2.0mol/L, preferably 0.7-1.6mol/L.
By the following examples the present invention is further detailed.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 3.29g (2.66mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the NiSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.815g (3.08mmol)4·6H2O solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Become cloudy during solution surpluses about 40ml, when continuing to be evaporated to residue about 20ml, a large amount of precipitations occur, stops heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 100ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the Klorvess Liquid of 10g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for K4[NiMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：1h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 470nm) is 1 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 15 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt solution for 0.0287mol/L for the 2ml molar concentration, 2ml molar concentration is the ferric chloride solution of 0.253mol/L, 65 μ L pyrroles (0.0629g, 0.94mmol), under room temperature, stirring 16h is reacted, and filters solid matter, obtains positive electrode active materials.
2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 3.29g (2.66mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the NiSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.815g (3.08mmol)4·6H2O solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Become cloudy during solution surpluses about 40ml, when continuing to be evaporated to residue about 20ml, a large amount of precipitations occur, stops heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 100ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the sodium chloride solution of 5g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for Na4[NiMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：2h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 360nm) is 2 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 7 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt for 0.0383mol/L for the 30ml molar concentration, 30ml molar concentration is the ferric chloride solution of 0.337mol/L, 50 μ L pyrroles (0.0484g, 0.72mmol), under room temperature, stirring 4h is reacted, and filters solid matter, obtains positive electrode active materials.
2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S2.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 3.29g (2.66mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the NiSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.815g (3.08mmol)4·6H2O solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Become cloudy during solution surpluses about 40ml, when continuing to be evaporated to residue about 20ml, a large amount of precipitations occur, stops heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)4[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 100ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the Klorvess Liquid of 3g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for K4[NiMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：3h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 230nm) is 3 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 2 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt for 0.0383mol/L for the 10ml molar concentration, 10ml molar concentration is the ferric chloride solution of 0.337mol/L, 20 μ L pyrroles (0.0194g, 0.0289mmol), under room temperature, stirring 4h is reacted, filter solid matter, obtain positive electrode active materials.2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S3.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 1.59g (1.29mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the CoSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.42g (1.5mmol)4·7H2O and 0.936g (4.102mmol) (NH4)2S2O8Solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Until blue precipitate occurs, stop heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 50ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the Klorvess Liquid of 10g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for K3[CoMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：1h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 450nm) is 1 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 13 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the dodecyl sodium sulfate for 0.06mol/L for the 50ml molar concentration, 50ml molar concentration is the ammonium persulfate solution of 0.277mol/L, 50 μ L aniline (0.51g, 0.55mmol), under room temperature, stirring 1h is reacted, and filters solid matter, obtains positive electrode active materials.
2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S4.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 1.59g (1.29mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the CoSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.42g (1.5mmol)4·7H2O and 0.936g (4.102mmol) (NH4)2S2O8Solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Until blue precipitate occurs, stop heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 50ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the sodium chloride solution of 5g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for Na3[CoMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：2h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 350nm) is 2 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 5 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt solution for 0.0215mol/L for the 10ml molar concentration, 10ml molar concentration is the ferric chloride solution of 0.1387mol/L, 175 μ L pyrroles (0.17g, 2.53mmol), under room temperature, stirring 16h is reacted, and filters solid matter, obtains positive electrode active materials.
2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S5.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is used for positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery are described.
1st, positive electrode active materials preparation
(NH by 1.59g (1.29mmol)4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is dissolved in 70ml deionized water, after it all dissolves, this solution of heated and boiled, and it is subsequently added the CoSO that 20ml is dissolved with 0.42g (1.5mmol)4·7H2O and 0.936g (4.102mmol) (NH4)2S2O8Solution.Boil solution 5min again, subsequently temperature is transferred to 60-80 DEG C, evaporate solution.Until blue precipitate occurs, stop heating, make solution natural cooling, obtaining molecular formula is (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material.
(the NH that 2g is synthesized through said method4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material is dissolved in 50ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, adds the Klorvess Liquid of 3g.After separating out product, using water and water-miscible organic solvent (as ethanol) by volume 1:1 mixed solvent is carried out 3-4 time to precipitate, subsequently carries out sucking filtration, is dried to obtain molecular formula for K3[CoMo6O24H6] crystalline solid.
Above-mentioned for 5g prepared crystalline solid is carried out mechanical ball milling pulverizing, rotational speed of ball-mill：500rpm, Ball-milling Time：3h, rotor bank：The zirconia ball of a diameter of 10mm 6, the zirconia ball 32 of a diameter of 5mm.Inner nuclear material is obtained, wherein, nano-particle (mean diameter is 210nm) is 3 with the mass ratio of micron particle (mean diameter is 3 μm) after ball milling：1.
Under room temperature, it is 3 that the above-mentioned inner nuclear material of 1g is added to 40ml ethanol with the volume ratio of water:In 1 mixed solvent, it is stirred disperseing.Then sequentially add the benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt solution for 0.0287mol/L for the 2ml molar concentration, 2ml molar concentration is the ferric chloride solution of 0.253mol/L, 65 μ L pyrroles (0.0629g, 0.94mmol), under room temperature, stirring 16h is reacted, and filters solid matter, obtains positive electrode active materials.
2nd, the preparation of positive plate
By positive electrode active materials：Conductive carbon black：Positive electrode binder (PVDF) presses 30%：60%：10% mass percent carries out slurry preparation, coating, drying, roll-in, cut-parts, obtains positive plate.
3rd, the preparation of lithium ion battery
Using above-mentioned positive plate (diameter 14mm), metal lithium sheet is negative plate, EC：DEC=3：7 (volume ratio) (LiPF containing 1mol/L6) it is electrolyte, make 2032 type button cell S6.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is used for comparative illustration positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery.
The K that directly will process without conducting polymer cladding in embodiment 14[NiMo6O24H6] precursor material (mean diameter be 30 μm) prepares positive plate as positive electrode active materials.
Using above-mentioned positive plate, the method according to embodiment 1 prepares lithium ion battery D1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is used for comparative illustration positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery.
The K that directly will process without conducting polymer cladding in embodiment 14[NiMo6O24H6] inner nuclear material prepares positive plate as positive electrode active materials.
Using above-mentioned positive plate, the method according to embodiment 1 prepares lithium ion battery D2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is used for comparative illustration positive electrode active materials disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof, positive plate and lithium ion battery.
The K that will process without conducting polymer cladding in embodiment 14[NiMo6O24H6] crystalline solid (mean diameter be 30 μm) carries out recrystallization process and (above-mentioned crystalline solid is dissolved in 100ml distilled water, stirring and dissolving, add 200ml ethanol under agitation, after separating out product, filter), obtain Nanocrystal (mean diameter is 500nm), prepare positive plate as positive electrode active materials.
Using above-mentioned positive plate, the method according to embodiment 3 prepares lithium ion battery D3.
Performance test
Above-mentioned lithium ion battery S1-S6 and D1-D3 preparing is tested as follows：
Under 25 DEG C of environment, to battery voltage range be 1.5-4.2V, electric current density be 17mA/g under conditions of carry out constant current charge-discharge circulation.
Cycle performance method of testing：20th discharge capacity/1st time discharge capacity × 100%=capability retention.
The test result obtaining is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Sample | Discharge capacity (mAh/g) first | Capability retention |
| S1 | 383 | 91% |
| S2 | 412 | 90% |
| S3 | 390 | 89% |
| S4 | 400 | 93% |
| S5 | 411 | 90% |
| S6 | 409 | 94% |
| D1 | 260 | 65% |
| D2 | 335 | 85% |
| D3 | 360 | 70% |
The test result of comparative example 1 and comparative example 1 understands, the capacity of the battery being prepared based on the positive electrode active materials that the present invention provides will be apparently higher than the capacity of the battery being prepared by uncoated modified inner nuclear material.And, compared to comparative example 3, higher cycle performance is still had based on the battery that the positive electrode active materials of embodiment 1 prepare.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of positive electrode active materials are it is characterised in that including inner nuclear material and being coated on described inner nuclear material
The covering material on surface；
Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；X is K or Na；
Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, and the mean diameter of described nano-particle is
100-600nm, the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；
Described covering material is conducting polymer.
2. positive electrode active materials according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that described nano-particle and micro-
The content of rice grain is than for 1-5：1-5.
3. positive electrode active materials according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that described covering material is poly-
One of pyrroles, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, poly- phthalocyanine, polythiophene, polyacrylonitrile.
4. the positive electrode active materials according to any one in claim 1-3 are it is characterised in that described
In positive electrode active materials, inner nuclear material is 4-100 with the mass ratio of covering material：1.
5. the preparation method of positive electrode active materials as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that include as follows
Step：
S1, offer inner nuclear material；Described inner nuclear material is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6]；
X is K or Na；Described inner nuclear material includes nano-particle and micron particle, the average grain of described nano-particle
Footpath is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm；
S2, inner nuclear material is scattered in water and the mixed solvent of water soluble alcohols organic solvent, is mixed
Liquid；
S3, dopant, oxidant and polymerizer are added in described mixed liquor, carry out under agitation
Reaction, obtains described positive electrode active materials after filtering, being dried；
Described dopant is selected from dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecyl sodium sulfate, paratoluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene
One of sodium sulfonate, petroleum sodium sulfonate, ten alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides；Described oxidant is selected from ferric iron
One of salt, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide；Described polymerizer is selected from pyrroles, aniline, diphenyl sulfide, phthalein
One of cyanines, thiophene, acrylonitrile.
6. preparation method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described step S1 includes：Carry
It is (NH for molecular formula4)4[NiMo6O24H6] or (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6] precursor material；
Then described precursor material is dissolved in the water, is subsequently adding X+Water-soluble salt solution, separate out molecule
Formula is X4[NiMo6O24H6] or X3[CoMo6O24H6] crystalline solid；X is K or Na；
Then described crystalline solid is carried out ball milling, obtains the inner nuclear material including nano-particle and micron particle,
The mean diameter of described nano-particle is 100-600nm, and the mean diameter of described micron particle is 1-20 μm.
7. preparation method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that in described step S2, mix
In solvent, water soluble alcohols organic solvent is 1-5 with the volume ratio of water：1.
8. the preparation method according to any one in claim 5-8 is it is characterised in that described water-soluble
Property alcohol organic solvent be selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or isopropanol.
9. the preparation method according to any one in claim 5-8 is it is characterised in that described nanometer
The content of granule and micron particle is than for 1-5：1-5.
10. the preparation method according to any one in claim 5-8 is it is characterised in that described mixing
In liquid, inner nuclear material is 0.001-0.05 with the mass ratio of water：1.
11. preparation methoies according to any one in claim 5-8 are it is characterised in that described step
In S3, the addition of polymerizer and the weight of inner nuclear material are than for 0.005-0.5：1.
12. preparation methoies according to any one in claim 5-8 are it is characterised in that described step
In S3, the dopant of interpolation, oxidant, the weight of polymerizer are than for 0.001-0.1：0.01-0.2：0.001-0.1.
13. preparation methoies according to any one in claim 5-8 are it is characterised in that described step
In S3, the response time carrying out under stirring condition controls in 1-18 hour.
A kind of 14. positive plates are it is characterised in that including plus plate current-collecting body and being just located on plus plate current-collecting body
Pole material, described positive electrode includes positive electrode active materials；Described positive electrode active materials are claim 1-4
Positive electrode active materials described in middle any one or by the method described in any one in claim 5-13
Prepare.
15. positive plates according to claim 14 it is characterised in that described positive electrode include described
Positive electrode active materials, positive electrode binder and positive conductive agent；Described positive conductive agent is conductive carbon black.
16. positive plates according to claim 15 are it is characterised in that described positive electrode binder is selected from poly-
One or more of vinylidene, politef；
In described positive electrode, the content of described positive electrode active materials is 20-99wt%, described positive electrode binder
Content be 0.5-10wt%, the content of described positive conductive agent is 0.5-70wt%.
A kind of 17. lithium ion batteries are it is characterised in that including battery container and being arranged in battery container
Battery core, described battery core includes positive plate, barrier film and the negative plate setting gradually；
Described positive plate is the positive plate in claim 14-16 described in any one.
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