CN106461251A - Method of estimating indoor heating and cooling loads by using estimated insolation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of estimating indoor heating and cooling loads by using estimated insolation, the method being characterized by distinguishing between windows and doors and walls when obtaining a solar radiation load and an insulating load and by applying different load property coefficients for different compass bearings, so as to be able to more accurately estimate indoor heating and cooling loads.

Description

Indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology using prediction insolation amount

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of interior cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology, relates more specifically to following indoor cooling and heating load predictions Method, which is more accurately predicted using the automaton having in indoor cold-heating system and is suitably maintained as adjusting Required indoor cooling and heating load during the indoor temperature of the building of section object, so as to efficiently and economically using indoor cold and hot system System.

Background technology

Recently, in every country, in order to tackle petering out and in order to improve earth environment, competitively entering for fossil energy The effort that the utilization of the energy more rationalizes is exercised, as a scheme of the rationalization for realizing this utilization of energy, Ke Yiju Go out：Indoor cooling and heating load is predicted exactly to the building as controlled plant, based on the indoor cooling and heating load of the prediction, most preferably The indoor cold-heating system of ground operation.

But, due to being not easy to predict the indoor cooling and heating load of the building as controlled plant, therefore, all the time, The operation of indoor cold-heating system relies primarily on the experience of operator, as a result, under many circumstances, often occurring because of operator Error in judgement and run unskilled and consume unnecessary electric power or indoor cold and hot quantity delivered is not enough and bring to user The situation of inconvenience.

In order to more economic run indoor cold-heating system while solving the problems, such as above-mentioned, actively carried out with regard to The research of indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology, but, existing interior cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology is mainly all based on complexity Mathematics and statistical concepts and the method that controls it, accordingly, there exist the operator without relevant professional knowledge and are difficult to transport The problem of row.Also, there are following other problemses：Due to needing a lot of building spies for being applied to indoor cooling and heating load prediction Property input value, or depend on service data in the past to a large extent, accordingly, it is difficult to be applied to obtain build Build the building of the input value of thing characteristic or the building that service data in the past is not enough.

Therefore, the present inventor etc. are in order to solve existing interior asking of having of cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology as above Topic, it is proposed that new indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology, and patent right (Korean Patent No. 10-1301123) is obtained, at this In indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology, as following mathematical expressions 1 to mathematical expression 3, the conduct regulation for obtaining building is right After the sensible heat load in the space of elephant and latent heat load, these loads are added and indoor refrigeration duty is calculated, now, using mathematics Formula 2 obtains sensible heat load, and obtains latent heat load using mathematical expression 3, now, according to the load inventory of building or as tune The area univocality in the space of section object sensible heat load coefficient (P is calculated_s) and insolation coefficient of discharge (P_sol).

(mathematical expression 1)

Here,It is indoor refrigeration duty,It is sensible heat load,It is latent heat load,It is solar radiant heat,It is conduction heat,It is to invade extraneous air and import the heat that extraneous air causes,Internal heat generation with And other thermic loads.

(mathematical expression 2)

Here,It is sensible heat load, P_sIt is sensible heat load coefficient, T_oIt is external air temperature, T_iIt is indoor temperature, P_sol It is insolation coefficient of discharge, I_solIt is insolation amount, s is the Exposure degree rate of air interchanger,It is to be flowed into from outside by ventilation The amount of air, h_ioIt is the enthalpy of the air of the point that indoor humidity ratio and external air temperature meet, h_iIt is the air under indoor conditionss Enthalpy,It is the amount for invading extraneous air, C_sIt is sensible heat load constant.

(mathematical expression 3)

Here,It is latent heat load, i is the recovery of latent heat rate of air interchanger,It is to be flowed into from outside by ventilation Air amount, h_ioIt is the enthalpy of the air of the point that indoor humidity ratio and external air temperature meet, h_iIt is the sky under indoor conditionss The enthalpy of gas, m_infIt is the amount for invading extraneous air, C_lIt is latent heat load constant.

That is, in above-mentioned patent, by the use of the load inventory according to building or the area in the space as controlled plant Sensible heat load coefficient (the P for calculating to univocality_s) and insolation coefficient of discharge (P_sol), calculate sensible heat loadAnd in practice, window The characteristic of the heat transfer load and insolation load of family and wall body is quite different, even so, also do not differentiate between window as described above With wall body, draw a sensible heat load coefficient (P_s) and insolation coefficient of discharge (P_sol) and use, then existing may be with sizable The problem of error.

Also, the insolation characteristic of window and wall body is quite different by orientation, heat-transfer character also may be quite different by orientation, Even so, using a load system for building entirety or single area with not differentiating between orientation like that also like above-mentioned patent Number is inappropriate.Further, since the load inventory of building is made based on peak load, therefore, do not consider in the winter time Insolation load, is also difficult to reflect insolation load exactly in summer, so as in the situation for drawing load coefficient according to load inventory Under, it is also possible to sizable error.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop consider the heat transfer load of window and wall body and the characteristic of insolation load and by orientation The new indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology of insolation characteristic etc..

Content of the invention

Invention technical task to be solved

The present invention is proposed, its purpose to solve the problems, such as existing interior cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology to be had It is, provide a kind of interior cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology, which is distinguished the window of the building as controlled plant and wall body and examines Consider the characteristic of heat transfer load and insolation load, and reflect insolation characteristic by orientation etc., do not rely on load inventory and obtain negative Lotus characteristic coefficient, so as to use compared with the existing insolation amount of more accurately predicting.

For solving the means of technical task

The purpose of the present invention as above is by providing a kind of following indoor cooling and heating load using prediction insolation amount Forecasting Methodology wherein, is calculated indoor cooling and heating load using mathematical expression 4, also, is utilized respectively mathematical expression 6 and mathematics realizing Formula 7 calculates insolation load and heat transfer load.

(mathematical expression 4)

(mathematical expression 6)

(mathematical expression 7)

Also, it is a feature of the present invention that the heat-transfer character coefficient (P of window_{Ht, win}) and wall body heat-transfer character coefficient (P_{Ht, wall}) it is the hot function for passing on coefficient of summation respectively, the linear formula for being utilized respectively mathematical expression 8 and mathematical expression 9 is obtained.

(mathematical expression 8)

P_ht,win(i, j)=C₁U_win(i,j)+C₂

(mathematical expression 9)

P_{Ht, wall}(i, j)=C₃U_wall(i, j)+C₄

Additionally, it is a further feature of the invention that the insolation characteristic coefficient of window be insolation obtain coefficient function, profit Obtained with mathematical expression 10.

(mathematical expression 10)

P_{Sol, win}(i, j)=[C₅SHGC (i, j)²+C₆SHGC (i, j)+C₇]SC_win(i, j)

Additionally, it is a further feature of the invention that the insolation characteristic coefficient of wall body is the solar absorptance of wall body with always The function of coefficient is passed on heat, is obtained using mathematical expression 11.

(mathematical expression 11)

P_sol,wall(i, j)=[C₈α (i, j)ⁿU_wall(i, j)^m+C₉]SC_wall(i, j)

Additionally, it is a further feature of the invention that obtaining the prediction day of each hour by orientation using mathematical expression 17 The amount of penetrating.

(mathematical expression 17)

I_sol(i)=C_sol(i)I_dh+I_diff

Here, C_solIt is direct projection insolation orientation coefficient, which is obtained by mathematical expression 18.

(mathematical expression 18)

Additionally, it is a further feature of the invention that using simple genetic algorithms conduct heat regulation coefficient and insolation adjustment system Number is adjusted to the heat-transfer character coefficient and insolation characteristic coefficient of window and wall body respectively.

The effect of invention

The present invention is by distinguishing as the window of building of controlled plant and the heat transfer load of wall body and insolation load Characteristic, and reflect insolation characteristic by orientation etc., can more accurately calculate indoor cooling and heating load compared with the existing.

Also, the present invention conducts heat regulation coefficient and insolation regulation coefficient to window and wall body using simple genetic algorithms respectively Heat-transfer character coefficient and insolation characteristic coefficient be adjusted such that it is able to make prediction load and actual measurement load between inconsistent Minimize.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the chart for representing heat-transfer character coefficient as the summation heat of window passes on the change of coefficient and changing；

Fig. 2 is the chart for representing heat-transfer character coefficient as the summation heat of wall body passes on the change of coefficient and changing；

Fig. 3 is to represent chart that insolation characteristic coefficient obtains the change of coefficient and change with the insolation of window；

Fig. 4 is period one month January in 2014 to being predicted according to the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology of the present invention Indoor heat load and the chart being compared using the indoor heat load of EnergyPlus analysis；

Fig. 5 is period one month July in 2014 to being predicted according to the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology of the present invention Indoor refrigeration duty and the chart being compared using the indoor refrigeration duty of EnergyPlus analysis.

Specific embodiment

Composition and the effect of the present invention is explained in more detail below based on the accompanying drawing for illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Also, by with microprocessor (microprocessor), communicator, input equipment and display etc. and integrated control The computer (PC) of whole interior cold-heating system or integrated manipulator execute the indoor cooling and heating load prediction of invention as described below Method.

The present invention will be provided and utilize the indoor cooling and heating load of more accurately prediction insolation amount compared with the existing pre- Survey method, for this purpose, the present invention distinguishes the window of the building as controlled plant and wall body and considers heat-transfer character system by orientation Number and the part throttle characteristics coefficient such as insolation characteristic coefficient and predict indoor cooling and heating load.Window and wall body have mutually not between floors Cooling and heating load characteristic in identical room, the species of structure may be different by orientation, also, act on the insolation on wall body simultaneously It is not indoor cooling and heating load of the direct effect for building, but is accumulated on the surface of wall body and causes the rising of temperature, by The temperature difference that this causes can form load, on the other hand, window make insolation pass through and so which is fed directly in building, so as to for The indoor cooling and heating load of building is more accurately obtained, as described above, is distinguished as controlled plant in the present invention The window of building and wall body by orientation consideration heat-transfer character coefficient and insolation characteristic coefficient.

Below, distinguishing window and wall body and considering the room of part throttle characteristics coefficient by orientation for the present invention is explained Interior cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology.

In general, as in order to freeze and heat building interior and required for indoor cooling and heating load bring shadow Ring load (heat), have the solar radiant heat through glass and wall body, the heat that is transmitted due to the temperature difference of extraneous air and interior, Invade extraneous air and import heat, the internal heat generation of human body or indoor utensil that extraneous air causes, include steam line Other loads of loss etc., and when indoor cooling and heating load is calculated, be generally as follows the mathematical expression 4 that states (with above-mentioned mathematical expression 1 Substantially the same) shown in make a distinction and calculate.

(mathematical expression 4)

Here,Represent indoor cooling and heating load,Represent sensible heat load,Represent latent heat load,Represent day Penetrate load,Represent heat transfer load,Represent ventilation load,Represent internal load.

In the present invention, using the existing negative of the method for including disclosed in above-mentioned Korean Patent No. 10-1301123 Lotus computational methods obtain the ventilation load of above-mentioned mathematical expression 4And internal loadFor example, using following numbers Formula 5 obtains ventilation loadAnd internal loadSum, on the other hand, distinguish window and wall body and be suitable for By the different part throttle characteristics coefficient in orientation (heat-transfer character coefficient and insolation characteristic coefficient), using following mathematical expressions 6 and mathematics Formula 7 obtains insolation load respectivelyWith heat transfer load

(mathematical expression 5)

Here,It is ventilation volume, h_ioIt is the enthalpy of the air of the point that indoor humidity ratio and external air temperature meet, h_iIt is The enthalpy of the air under indoor conditionss, s is the Exposure degree rate of air interchanger, C_sIt is sensible heat load constant, h_oIt is external air conditions Under air enthalpy, l is the recovery of latent heat rate of air interchanger, C_lIt is latent heat load constant.

(mathematical expression 6)

Here, P_{Ht, win}And P_{Ht, wall}It is the heat-transfer character coefficient of window and wall body respectively, A_winAnd A_wallBe respectively window and The area of wall body, i represents the orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building, and j represents a side for constituting building The wall body of plane or window species number.T_oIt is the prediction external air temperature of each hour, T_dIt is the Indoor Temperature in indoor cold and hot space Degree.

(mathematical expression 7)

Here, P_{Sol, win}And P_{Sol, wall}It is the insolation characteristic coefficient of window and wall body respectively, I_solBe by orientation each is little When prediction insolation amount, A_winAnd A_wallDeng identical with above-mentioned mathematical expression 6.

In the indoor cooling and heating load computational methods of existing patent (Korean Patent No. 10-1301123), for building Thing entirety or single area, obtain part throttle characteristics coefficient according to load inventory, but, distinguish window and wall as in the present invention The body part throttle characteristics coefficient different by orientation can not be obtained according to load inventory as prior art.Therefore, at this In bright, part throttle characteristics coefficient is obtained using the architectural resource simulation program according to Energy Sources Equilibrium method, building used in the present invention It is to be most widely used now and EnergyPlus that accuracy of analysis is outstanding to build thing energy simulation program.

Below, illustrate using EnergyPlus and obtain the heat-transfer character coefficient of window, the heat-transfer character of wall body respectively The method of the insolation characteristic coefficient of coefficient, the insolation characteristic coefficient of window and wall body, and describe the water according to prediction in detail The method that plane global solar radiation amount obtains the prediction insolation amount by orientation.

(1) the heat-transfer character coefficient (P of window_{Ht, win})

In the present invention, in order to obtain the heat-transfer character coefficient of window, for provided in the data base of EnergyPlus The window of multiple species (being 23 in this test), observes summation heat and passes on the pass between coefficient and heat-transfer character coefficient System, as a result, confirm：As shown in figure 1, in window, summation heat passes on coefficient and heat-transfer character coefficient to assume cutting edge aligned pass System.So as to if formulated to this, can be expressed as following mathematical expressions 8, thus, by the window of actual setting Summation heat passes on coefficient (U_win) it is updated to mathematical expression 8, it becomes possible to easily obtain the heat-transfer character coefficient (P of window_{Ht, win}).

(mathematical expression 8)

P_{Ht, win}(i, j)=C₁U_win(i, j)+C₂

Here, U_winIt is the summation heat reception and registration coefficient of window, which has been documented in Building Design book etc., or if Know the species of window, then easily calculated by calculating, constant C₁、C₂Be respectively Fig. 1 chart in straight line slope and cut Away from, it is possible to use architectural resource simulation program obtains the constant of the structure of various windows, and i represents the interior around building The orientation in 6 faces in cold and hot space, j represents the window species number of an azimuth plane for constituting building.

(2) the heat-transfer character coefficient (P of wall body_{Ht, wall})

In the present invention, in order to obtain the part throttle characteristics coefficient of the structure in view of the multiple wall bodies for constituting building, will The structure of wall body of building is constituted as parameter, and each parameter is divided into 3 kinds of conditions and analyzed, but, now such as Fruit converts the condition of parameter every time and is analyzed, then the quantity of situation becomes excessive, therefore, in order to solve this problem, utilizes The wall body of a certain number of (being 27 in this test) is set as analysis model by test plan method, and for these analysis moulds Type, identically with during the heat-transfer character coefficient for obtaining window, observe summation heat and passes between coefficient and heat-transfer character coefficient Relation, as a result, confirm：As shown in Fig. 2 in wall body, also in the same manner as window, summation heat passes on coefficient and heat transfer special Property coefficient presents linear relationship.So as to, if formulated to this, following mathematical expressions 9 are can be expressed as, thus, The summation heat of the wall body of actual setting is passed on coefficient (U_wall) it is updated to mathematical expression 9, it becomes possible to easily obtain the biography of wall body Thermal characteristicss coefficient (P_{Ht, wall}).

(mathematical expression 9)

P_{Ht, wall}(i, j)=C₃U_wall(i, j)+C₄

Here, U_wallIt is the summation heat reception and registration coefficient of wall body, which has been documented in Building Design book etc., or if Know the structure of wall body, then easily calculated by calculating, constant C₃、C₄Be respectively Fig. 2 chart in straight line slope and cut Away from, it is possible to use architectural resource simulation program obtains the constant of the structure of various wall bodies, and i represents the interior around building The orientation in 6 faces in cold and hot space, j represents the wall body species number of an azimuth plane for constituting building.

(3) the insolation characteristic coefficient (P of window_{Sol, win})

In the present invention, in order to obtain the insolation characteristic coefficient of window, for provided in the data base of EnergyPlus The window of multiple species (being 207 in this test), observes insolation and obtains coefficient (SHGC) and insolation characteristic coefficient (P_{Sol, win}) between relation, and figure 3 illustrates its result.

If carrying out curve fitting (curve fitting) to the chart shown in Fig. 3, the insolation characteristic coefficient of window (P_{Sol, win}) the shown quadratic expression for being expressed as insolation acquisition coefficient (SHGC) of mathematical expression described as follows 9, thus, by actual setting Window insolation obtain coefficient (SHGC) be updated to mathematical expression 10, it becomes possible to easily obtain the insolation characteristic coefficient of window (P_{Sol, win}).

(mathematical expression 10)

P_{Sol, win}(i, j)=[C₅SHGC (i, j)²+C₆SHGC (i, j)+C₇]SC_win(i, j)

Here, it is possible to use architectural resource simulation program obtains the constant C of various windows respectively₅、C₆And C₇, SC_win The insolation sheltering coefficient of the outside solar protection devices being provided on window, accounts for the geometry and orientation of solar protection devices And calculate, in the case of without solar protection devices, become 6 faces that 1, i represent interior around building cold and hot space Orientation, j represents the window species number of an azimuth plane for constituting building.

(4) the insolation characteristic coefficient (P of wall body_{Sol, wall})

In the present invention, in order to obtain the insolation characteristic coefficient of wall body, using test plan method by a certain number of (in this examination Be 27 in testing) wall body be set as Accurate analysis model, the structure of conversion wall body, while carried out zooming test.Logical Cross the result that zooming test confirms, the insolation characteristic coefficient (P of wall body_{Sol, wall}) be expressed as following mathematical expressions 11 too Positive absorbance (α) and summation heat passes on coefficient (U_wall) exponential function, thus, by the solar absorptance of the wall body of actual setting (α) with summation heat, coefficient (U is passed on_wall) it is updated to mathematical expression 11 respectively, it becomes possible to obtain the insolation characteristic coefficient of wall body (P_{Sol, wall}).

(mathematical expression 11)

P_{Sol, wall}(i, j)=[C₈α (i, j)ⁿU_wall(i, j)^m+C₉]SC_wall(i, j)

Here, α is the solar absorptance of wall body, U_wallIt is the summation heat reception and registration coefficient of wall body, these values have been documented in In Building Design book etc., or if it is known that the structure of wall body, then easily calculated by calculating, it is possible to use building energy Source simulation program obtains coefficient C₈、C₉And index n and m, SC_wallThe insolation of the outside solar protection devices being provided on wall body hides Coefficient is covered, the geometry and orientation of solar protection devices is accounted for and calculated, i is identical with above-mentioned mathematical expression 10 with j.

(5) by the insolation amount in orientation

In order to predict the indoor cooling and heating load of building, in addition to part throttle characteristics coefficient, in addition it is also necessary to external air temperature, Humidity, the information of forecasting of insolation amount, in these information of forecastings, external air temperature, humidity can be by meteorologies such as the meteorological Rooms Obtain in the weather forecast that forecast system is provided, but, for insolation amount, meteorological Ting Deng mechanism will not be carried as forecast information For, therefore, the present inventor is waited to obtain the information for insolation amount, obtain the offer of the meteorological Room cloud amount (CA) by the hour and Relative humidity (RH) by the hour and/or daily difference, and clearness index (Kt) by the hour is calculated, so as to develop utilization The clearness index (Kt) by the hour for calculating and predict horizontal plane global solar radiation amount (I by the hour_T) method, and propose specially Profit application (Korean Patent Application No.：10-2014-0194891), below, predicting by the hour to exploitations such as the present inventor Horizontal plane global solar radiation amount (I_T) method illustrate.

In order to predict horizontal plane global solar radiation amount (I by the hour_T), meteorological data being obtained from the meteorological Room first, is obtained according to this Meteorological data obtain cloud amount (CA) by the hour and relative humidity (RH) by the hour and daily difference (Δ t), so as to calculate Go out clearness index (Kt) by the hour.

Here, clearness index (Kt) is referred to when extraatmospheric insolation amount farthest reaches horizontal plane and actually The ratio of the insolation amount of horizontal plane is reached, such clearness index (Kt) mathematical expression 12 can be defined described as follows like that.

(mathematical expression 12)

Here, I_TIt is horizontal plane global solar radiation amount, I_oIt is extraatmospheric insolation amount, h is the height of the sun.

In above-mentioned mathematical expression 12, it is possible to use clearness index (Kt), extraatmospheric insolation amount I_oAnd the sun Height h obtains horizontal plane global solar radiation amount I_T, here, extraatmospheric insolation amount I_oHeight h with the sun is known value.

The present inventor is in order to confirm which meteorological data and clearness index (Kt) by the hour are most in multiple meteorological datas Correlation, according to the land for growing field crops local weather Room measured data in past 5 years (2009～2013), analyzes Pearson came (Pearson) dependency, shown in its result table 1 described as follows.

Pearson came dependency is the coefficient of the degree for representing two linear dependences between variable X, Y, closer to 1, more With strong positive correlation, closer to -1, more there is strong negative correlation, on the other hand, coefficient represents do not have phase closer to 0 Guan Xing.

[table 1]

Distinguish	Correlation coefficient with clearness index (Kt) by the hour
		Cloud amount by the hour	-0.800
Average cloud amount	-0.755
		12 points of cloud amount	-0.732
Temperature by the hour	0.02
		Maximum temperature	0.02
Minimum temperature	-0.179
		Daily difference	0.601
Humidity by the hour	-0.699
		Highest humidity	-0.334
Minimum humidity	-0.627
		Psychrometric difference	0.572

By Pearson came dependency, can confirm that from above-mentioned table 1：In clearness index (Kt) by the hour and cloud amount by little When cloud amount (CA), the relative humidity (RH) by the hour in humidity, the daily difference (Δ T) in temperature is with strong dependency.

Therefore, in the present invention, the cloud amount (CA) by the hour and by the hour of the impact of maximum will be brought to insolation amount Relative humidity (RH) is chosen to be undependent variable, using dependency relation formula as following mathematical expressions 13 obtain by the hour fine Empty index (Kt).

(mathematical expression 13)

Kt=D₁+D₂CA+D₃CA²+D₄CA³+D₅RH+D₆RH²+D₇RH³

Here, Kt is clearness index, CA is cloud amount by the hour, and RH is relative humidity by the hour.

In above-mentioned mathematical expression 13, the coefficient of dependency relation formula may be different according to region, in the present invention, will be big The meteorological Room measured data in the 5 years past in field domain is used as input data, so as to obtain the coefficient of dependency relation formula, its knot Shown in fruit table 2 described as follows, now, the meteorological Room provides cloud amount with the interval of 3 hours, therefore, in the present invention, in order to obtain Cloud amount by the hour and employ interpolation method.

[table 2]

Distinguish	Coefficient
		D1	0.8277
D2	-0.1185e-1
		D3	0.6370e-3
D4	-0.3739e-3
		D5	-0.5191e-2
D6	0.9571e-4
		D7	-0.8066e-6

If by above-mentioned process, determination is for the cloud amount for reflecting in insolation amount by the hour by the hour and by the hour Relative humidity clearness index (Kt) dependency relation formula, then substitute into the meteorological Room in the dependency relation formula and forecast by the hour Cloud amount and relative humidity, thus obtain clearness index (Kt) by the hour.

If by above-mentioned process, clearness index (Kt) is calculated, then the clearness index (Kt) by the hour is updated to Following mathematical expressions 14, predicts horizontal plane global solar radiation amount (I by the hour_T).

(mathematical expression 14)

I_T=K_tI_osin(h)

Here, I_TIt is horizontal plane global solar radiation amount by the hour, Kt is clearness index, I_oIt is extraatmospheric insolation amount, h is The height of the sun.

Here, relative humidity is forecast with the interval of 3 hours in the meteorological Room of Korea, therefore, in the present invention, using interpolation Method obtains relative humidity by the hour.

Also, cloud amount is not forecast in the meteorological Room of Korea, alternatively, with the interval of 3 hours forecast sky condition (fine, Partly cloudy, cloudy, cloudy), therefore, these sky conditions are scaled 0～10 cloud amount as Table 3 below and are used, and make The cloud amount for the cloud amount that 3 hours are spaced being transformed to by the hour with interpolation method.

[table 3]

Sky condition	Fine	Partly cloudy	Cloudy	Cloudy
					CA	1	4	7	9.5

Also, above, illustrate to obtain by the hour with the sky condition of the interval forecast of 3 hours based on the meteorological Room Cloud amount, but, unlike this, as cloud amount forecast is provided by weather information office Accuweather for 0～100%, because This, the cloud amount can be used as 0～10 cloud amount divided by 10.

As explained above, by Pearson came dependency, clearness index (Kt) by the hour and cloud amount by the hour (CA) relative humidity (RH), by the hour and daily difference (Δ T) therefore, are above described with strong dependency：Upper State in three kinds of variables with strong dependency, relative humidity (RH) by cloud amount (CA) by the hour and by the hour is chosen to be solely Vertical parameter, thus obtains clearness index (Kt) by the hour.

But, as observed by above, daily difference (Δ T) in one day also with these cloud amount (CA) by the hour and by little When relative humidity (RH) similarly, bring big impact to insolation amount, also, daily difference be compared with relative humidity, forecast is accurate Exactness height.Accordingly, as other embodiment, when clearness index (Kt) is calculated, cloud amount (CA) by the hour and daily difference are selected It is set to undependent variable, clearness index (Kt) by the hour is thus obtained, now, clearness index (Kt) by the hour can also passes through Following mathematical expressions 15 are obtained.

(mathematical expression 15)

Kt=D₁+D₂CA+D₃CA²+D₄CA³+D₅ΔT+D₆ΔT²+D₇ΔT³

Here, Kt is clearness index, CA is cloud amount by the hour, and Δ T is daily difference.

In above-mentioned mathematical expression 15, the coefficient of dependency relation formula may be different according to region, in the present invention, and front Face similarly, the meteorological Room measured data in the past 5 years of land for growing field crops region is used as input data, so as to obtain dependency relation The coefficient of formula, shown in its result table 4 described as follows, now, the meteorological Room provides cloud amount with the interval of 3 hours, therefore, at this In bright, interpolation method is employed for the cloud amount that obtains by the hour.

[table 4]

Distinguish	Coefficient
		D1	0.8277
D2	-0.1185e-1
		D3	0.6370e-3
D4	-0.3739e-3
		D5	-0.5191e-2
D6	0.9571e-4
		D7	-0.8066e-6

On the other hand, bring the insolation amount of impact be divided into direct projection insolation amount and scattering insolation amount, direct projection on building Insolation amount refers to extraatmospheric insolation through the insolation amount for directly reaching building after air, and scattering insolation amount is referred to by big The vapor of gas, dust etc. are scattered and the insolation amount of arrival building, and which has isotropism.If using had been known Erbs model etc. directly dissipates disjunctive model, then horizontal plane global solar radiation amount can be separated into direct projection insolation amount and scattering insolation amount, this When, due to being horizontal plane direct projection insolation amount by the straight direct projection insolation amount for dissipating separation and distinguishing, therefore, in order to obtain for vertical The direct projection insolation amount in face, in addition it is also necessary to as following mathematical expressions 16, line translation is entered to horizontal plane direct projection insolation amount.

(mathematical expression 16)

Here, I_dvRepresent the direct projection insolation amount of vertical, I_dhRepresent horizontal plane direct projection insolation amount, h represents altitude of the sun, A Represent the azimuth of the sun, A_wRepresent the azimuth of building wall, i represents 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building Orientation.

Therefore, the global solar radiation amount (I that building is received_sol) it is the direct projection insolation amount and scattering for receiving by each orientation The sum of insolation amount, which is calculated by following mathematical expressions 17.

(mathematical expression 17)

I_sol(i)=C_sol(i)I_dh+I_diff

Here, C_solIt is direct projection insolation orientation coefficient, which is obtained by following mathematical expressions 18, I_dhIt is horizontal plane direct projection insolation Amount, I_diffIt is scattering insolation amount.

(mathematical expression 18)

Here, h represents altitude of the sun, A represents the azimuth of the sun, A_wRepresent the azimuth of building wall, i represents and surrounds The orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in the interior of building.

The present inventor etc. are closed to confirm the effectiveness of the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology of the above-described present invention During in the January as the month for representing winter and as each one month of July of the month for representing summer by the hour Indoor cooling and heating load, be compared to the result that calculated according to the present invention and using the result of EnergyPlus analysis, and Its result is respectively illustrated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

In figures 4 and 5, solid line is cold and hot negative according to the interior of the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology of present invention calculating Lotus, dotted line is the indoor cooling and heating load using EnergyPlus analysis, and+(just) represents indoor heat load, and (bearing) represents indoor cold Load, can confirm that load variations tendency by the hour is all particularly well coincide with payload.

Above-mentioned result is the indoor cooling and heating load of the building according to present invention prediction, and the interior of this prediction is cold and hot negative Lotus may be variant with actual load (actual measurement load), therefore, in the present invention, if using simple genetic algorithms to load spy Property coefficient is corrected, then can significantly reduce the error between these values, for this purpose, the heat-transfer character coefficient of window and wall body (P_{Ht, win}(i, j), P_{Ht, wall}(i, j)) it is multiplied by heat transfer regulation coefficient (C respectively_{Ht, win}、C_{Ht, wall}), the insolation spy of window and wall body Property coefficient (P_{Sol, win}(i, j), C_{Sol, wall}(i, j)) it is multiplied by insolation regulation coefficient (C respectively_{Sol, win}、C_{Sol, wall}) after, using base Because the error that algorithm obtains the prediction load of building and actual measurement load becomes the window of minimum and the heat transfer adjustment system of wall body Number (C_{Ht, win}、C_{Ht, wall}) and insolation regulation coefficient (C_{Sol, win}、C_{Sol, wall}) and be corrected, as this use gene is drilled The step of algorithm is corrected to parameter (being part throttle characteristics coefficient in the present invention) and method have been known, and therefore, it is right to omit This detailed description.

As described above, the present invention is to the window of the building as controlled plant and the heat transfer part throttle characteristics of wall body and day Penetrate part throttle characteristics to make a distinction, and reflect insolation characteristic by orientation etc. such that it is able to be more accurately predicted indoor cold and hot Load.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, which is being connected and integrated control with indoor cold-heating system In the integrated manipulator of the indoor cold-heating system of system, sensible heat load and latent heat load are carried out worthwhile and indoor cooling and heating load are predicted, Characterized in that,

The interior cooling and heating load being calculated using mathematical expression 4, also, is utilized respectively mathematical expression 6 and mathematical expression 7 and calculates insolation and bear LotusWith heat transfer loadSo as to distinguishing window with wall body and being suitable for the part throttle characteristics systems different by orientation Number,

(mathematical expression 4)

$\stackrel{\·}{Q}=\stackrel{\·}{Q_s}+\stackrel{\·}{Q_l}=\stackrel{\·}{Q_{sol}}+\stackrel{\·}{Q_{ht}}+\stackrel{\·}{Q_{air}}+\stackrel{\·}{Q_{\mathrm{int}}}$

Here,Represent indoor cooling and heating load,Represent sensible heat load,Represent latent heat load,Represent that insolation is born Lotus,Represent heat transfer load,Represent ventilation load,Represent internal load,

(mathematical expression 6)

$\stackrel{\·}{Q_{ht}}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{\Σ}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}\{P_{ht,win}(i,j)A_{win}(i,j)+P_{ht,wall}(i,j)A_{wall}(i,j)\}(T_o-T_d)$

Here, P_{Ht, win}And P_{Ht, wall}It is the heat-transfer character coefficient of window and wall body respectively, A_winAnd A_wallIt is window and wall body respectively Area, i represents the orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building, and j represents an azimuth plane for constituting building Wall body or window species number, T_oIt is the prediction external air temperature of each hour, T_dIt is the indoor temperature in indoor cold and hot space,

(mathematical expression 7)

$\stackrel{\·}{Q_{sol}}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{\Σ}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}\{P_{sol,win}(i,j)A_{win}(i,j)+P_{sol,wall}(i,j)A_{wall}(i,j)\}{I}_{sol}\left(i\right)$

Here, P_{Sol, win}And P_{Sol, wall}It is the insolation characteristic coefficient of window and wall body respectively, I_solIt is each hour by orientation Prediction insolation amount.

2. according to claim 1 using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, it is characterised in that

Heat-transfer character coefficient (the P of the window_{Ht, win}) and wall body heat-transfer character coefficient (P_{Ht, wall}) it is that summation heat is passed on respectively The function of coefficient, the linear formula for being utilized respectively mathematical expression 8 and mathematical expression 9 is obtained,

(mathematical expression 8)

P_{Ht, win}(i, j)=C₁U_win(i, j)+C₂

Here, U_winIt is that the summation heat of window passes on coefficient, i represents the side in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building Position, j represents the window species number of an azimuth plane for constituting building, for various windows, simulates journey using architectural resource Sequence obtains constant C₁、C₂,

(mathematical expression 9)

P_{Ht, wall}(i, j)=C₃U_wall(i, j)+C₄

Here, U_wallIt is that the summation heat of wall body passes on coefficient, i represents the side in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building Position, j represents the wall body species number of an azimuth plane for constituting building, for the structure of various wall bodies, using architectural resource Simulation program obtains constant C₃、C₄.

3. according to claim 1 using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, it is characterised in that

Insolation characteristic coefficient (the P of the window_{Sol, win}) be insolation obtain coefficient (SHGC) function, obtained using mathematical expression 10,

(mathematical expression 10)

P_{Sol, win}(i, j)=[C₅SHGC (i, j)²+C₆SHGC (i, j)+C₇]SC_win(i, j)

Here, the insolation that SHGC is wall body obtains coefficient, SC_winThe insolation masking of the outside solar protection devices being provided on window Coefficient, i represents the orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building, and j represents an azimuth plane constituting building Window species number, for various windows, obtains constant C using architectural resource simulation program₅、C₆And C₇.

4. according to claim 1 using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, it is characterised in that

Insolation characteristic coefficient (the P of the wall body_{Sol, wall}) it is that the solar absorptance (α) of wall body and summation heat pass on coefficient (U_wall) Function, obtained using mathematical expression 11,

(mathematical expression 11)

P_{Sol, wall}(i, j)=[C₈α (i, j)ⁿU_wall(i, j)^m+C₉]SC_wall(i, j)

Here, α is the solar absorptance of wall body, U_wallIt is the summation heat reception and registration coefficient of wall body, SC_wallIt is provided on wall body The insolation sheltering coefficient of outside solar protection devices, i represents the orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in interior around building, and j represents structure Become the window species number of an azimuth plane of building, for the structure of various wall bodies, asked using architectural resource simulation program Go out constant C₈、C₉And index n and m.

5. according to claim 1 using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, it is characterised in that

The prediction insolation amount (I of described each hour by orientation is obtained using mathematical expression 17_sol),

(mathematical expression 17)

I_sol(i)=C_sol(i)I_dh+I_diff

Here, C_solIt is direct projection insolation orientation coefficient, which is obtained by mathematical expression 18, I_dhIt is horizontal plane direct projection insolation amount, I_diffIt is scattered Insolation amount is penetrated, which is obtained using the straight disjunctive model that dissipates according to the horizontal plane global solar radiation amount of prediction,

(mathematical expression 18)

$C_{sol}\left(i\right)=\frac{cos\left(h\right)cos(A-A_w(i\left)\right)}{\sin \left(h\right)}$

Here, h represents altitude of the sun, A represents the azimuth of the sun, A_wRepresent the azimuth of building wall, i represents around building The orientation in 6 faces in the cold and hot space in the interior of thing.

6. according to claim 1 using the indoor cooling and heating load Forecasting Methodology for predicting insolation amount, it is characterised in that

Using simple genetic algorithms with the heat transfer regulation coefficient (C of window and wall body_{Ht, win}、C_{Ht, wall}) and insolation regulation coefficient (C_{Sol, win}、C_{Sol, wall}) heat-transfer character coefficient (P respectively to the window and wall body_{Ht, win}、P_{Ht, wall}) and insolation characteristic coefficient (P_{Sol, win}、P_{Sol, wall}) be adjusted.