CN106455988B - 临床前的护理系统 - Google Patents
临床前的护理系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由临床前的急救护理模块组成的系统,急救护理模块由与人类急救救助者相结合的组合产生复杂的、尽可能整体的、与状态相关的调节系统。智能的决定系统存在于系统平面上,所述决定系统在有和没有急救救助者的情况下导致状况优化的措施。根据状况和相互作用,模块显示出不同的特性。在此,急救救助者可以作为附加的传感器执行器模块使用。根据所有的所得到的权重不同的传感器数据,向急救救助者建议决定辅助或者说系统自动地决定。为了能够实现这一点,模块的受防护的通信是重要的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种系统,该系统包括临床前的(praeklinisches)急救护理模块,急救护理模块通过与人类急救救助者相结合的组合产生复杂的、尽可能整体的、与状态相关的调节系统。
背景技术
专利文献US 2006111749 A1说明了一种系统用于基础生命支持,该系统在心肺紧急状况下语音引导地协助急救救助者。在这里,存在具有典型传感器的除颤器和呼吸机可供使用,所述除颤器和呼吸机借助于进度表控制急救护理。
在专利文献US 6327497 B1中说明了用于控制除颤器的一种方法和一种设备,其中,通过电压发生器将冲击电压施加在电极上。附加地,将氧气从压力气瓶导至输出元件。氧气输出由用于执行加氧的计量元件控制。
在EP 1 369 144 B1中说明一种用于除颤的设备以及一种呼吸装置,呼吸装置具有控制装置,控制装置用于对在时间上先后相继地执行颤动分析的吸气阶段和呼气阶段以及在识别颤动状态时接着除颤进行时间同步。
EP 1 264 615 B1说明了一种具有呼吸单元、除颤单元、颤动探测器和控制单元的治疗仪,所述控制单元与呼吸单元和控制单元连接并且构造用于,首先调控用于病人呼吸的呼吸单元。所说明的装置也存在于治疗仪中,所述治疗仪构造用于,中断呼吸以便通过颤动探测器进行VF探测并且基于VF探测调控除颤单元。
所有到目前为止公开的解决方式共同的是不同的模块的组合,所述不同的模块相互耦合。急救救助者通常通过声学的、光学的或者文本的输出接入过程中。在此,所述过程历经一个或多个确定的规程安排。在模块层面(Modulebene)上存放决定逻辑电路。但是,在系统技术中,所述决定逻辑电路是不存在的。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,这样实现开篇所提到类型的设备,使得智能的决定系统存在于系统层面上,所述决定系统在有和没有急救救助者的情况下导致状况优化的措施。
这应这样执行:模块根据状况和相互作用而显示出不同的特性。在此,急救救助者可以作为附加的传感器执行器模块使用。根据所有的所得到的权重不同的传感器数据,向急救救助者提出决定辅助或者说系统自动地决定。为了能够实现这一点,模块的被防护的通信很重要。在这里,声学地(警报和/或通告)、光学地、触觉地或者通过各种其它的人类的感觉方式与“急救救助者”模块通信。系统也通过声学的信号(语音识别)、手势或者输入传感器接受急救救助者的动作或者反馈。
根据本发明,该任务由此解决:将通过数据传输器件的可连接性用于交换地址信号、时间信号和状态信号,其中,系统设备具有至少一个用于获得状态信号的传感器装置和测时装置以及数据存储器,以及,模块这样构造,以便使相应的传感器装置的状态信号与测时装置的时间信号结合,并且系统设备的至少一个模块将这些数据与地址标记一起通过至少一个接口借助于数据传输协议传输。
根据本发明,通过控制器件的作用将对应关系数据作为对手动操作、专用电子调控、数据传输器件的确定传输干扰和/或模块激活或去活的反应来自动和动态地生成、改变和/或补充并且存储在电子存储介质中。
模块构造用于产生、发送和/或接收用于由其它的模块执行的动作的操作信号。
根据本发明,可通过数据传输器件调控和识别具有第一数字地址数据的第一功能单元。因此,可以借助于所存储的初级运行数据调控第一功能单元的相对应的执行器单元,其中,初级运行数据可调取地存储在第一功能单元的区域中,或者由通过数据传输器件接收和/或可接收的次级运行数据来调控。然后,次级运行数据总是在更高的优先次序。
根据本发明,所述功能单元中的至少一个这样构造,使得其可以用专门构造用于通过数据传输器件进行导线连接和/或无线地数据传输的模块来装备、扩充和加装。
根据本发明,系统设备具有用于连接至少两个功能单元的导线连接的通信设备,和/或用于连接至少两个功能单元的无线的通信设备。
主控/从动构思被证实对模块的连接是有利的。在此,主控装置(Master)具有对至少一个从动装置(Slave)的控制。从动装置自主地在其模块层面上起作用(在其作用区域内测量和/或调节)并且向主控装置传输其值。主控装置自身可以通过收集在系统中的其它数据对从动装置产生影响,如同从动装置数据可以影响主控装置。
主控装置可以作为从动装置而从属于更高优先次序的主控装置,从而产生等级结构。在此,急救救助者不但可以是主控装置而且可以是从动装置。通常,存在最高优先次序的系统主控装置,该系统主控装置由任意的“人类的”或者技术的模块构成。
在执行护理措施期间,可以考虑系统主控装置的更换并且这在一些情况下是有意义的。因此,技术系统可以作为主控装置起作用并且减轻救助者的负担。但是,在病人状态改变时,救助者又承担主控功能。或者,在复苏的情况下,首先,除颤器是主控装置并且在心搏顺利的情况下把主控装置功能交给呼吸机,所述呼吸机根据CO2和SpO2控制呼吸并且获得EKG信息以便控制。
具有校验(Checksummen)和或者诸如此类的数据传输和反馈对于模块相互之间可靠的通信是必需的。数据的单义的识别和与之相关的、与发送模块的对应关系是同样必需的。检测时间点对于所有的通信数据是重要的。对于通信被干扰的情况,总是再次尝试建立连接,除非连接被使用者主动地中断。在中间时间内,模块自给自足地(autark)工作或者说以被动模式运行。
到急救救助者的通信是特别有意义的。在这里,用于单义地识别使用者的措施(指纹传感器、电子标签手环、声音识别、虹膜扫描等等)是有益或者合法甚至必需的。在这里,来自和到救助者的声学通信非常有意义,借此,急救救助者有空进行其帮助措施。也要回应经由急救救助者进行的措施。
一种专门的解决方案可以是数据眼镜。使所有有益的信息对急救救助者渐显(eingeblendet)。可以使视频数据如视频喉镜的视频数据渐显。通过虹膜扫描能够进行识别。眼球运动和声学的信号可以使用于通信。
警报信号的手操作特别有意义。在模块层面上有意义的警报可能在系统层面上具有完全不同的优先次序和意义。在这里,系统主控装置可以影响和/或优先化模块层面上的警报输出。在复苏术的情况下,例如在心脏按摩期间抑制呼吸机的确定的警报,直到再次发生经控制的呼吸行程。
复苏术设备示例性地基本上由“呼吸机”和“除颤器”模块组成。模块的通信通过电缆或者由无线电进行并且使用于交换地址信号、时间信号和状态信号以及传感器信号。呼吸机具有压力传感器和流传感器作为从动元件,所述压力传感器和流传感器记录呼吸气体的压力信号和流信号并且报告呼吸主控装置。呼吸主控装置用这些信息控制执行器,所述执行器作为从动装置工作。
除颤器具有两个用于获得心搏(EKG)的状态信号的电极。EKG模块作为用于除颤器的控制单元(主控装置)的从动装置工作。此外,除颤器和呼吸机分别具有测时装置。该测时装置使用于,生成系统时间,所述系统时间——以时间戳(Zeitstempels)形式——与传感器信号(压力、流、EKG)结合。
此外,除颤器和呼吸机分别具有各自的地址标记,通过所述地址标记可识别仪器。此外,除颤器和呼吸机分别具有控制单元并且构造用于通过数据传输协议将相对应的传感器数据或者控制信号传输到相对应地其它的仪器。
传感器的数据典型地与相对应的地址标记和相对应的测时装置的相对应的时间戳结合并且然后或者存储和/或通过数据传输器件传输到相应地其它仪器。通常这些数据与控制信号一起传输,因为传感器数据按具体情况代表促使呼吸机或者除颤器动作的事件。优选,控制信号的传输通过数据传输器件进行。
借助于所获得的数据,系统(主控装置)根据情形作出关于哪些措施必须由急救救助者(从动装置)执行的决定。然后,为了执行这些措施,通过语音输出和文本通知或者象形文字视觉地或者声学地引导急救救助者。这些措施的执行由急救救助者手动地操作,从而系统可以说明进一步的步骤。已操作的手动的措施被存储并且被添加给包括时间戳在内的整体使用数据。以下属于由使用者手动地执行的措施:
-在正确的时间点,以最优位置上的最优频率和压力强度和充分的减压执行心肺复苏术(Herzdruckmassage)
-分析心脏节律和除颤
-预备和设置静脉内/骨内入口
-预备和执行插管
-对复苏术药物进行药物预备和给药
-治疗性地降低体温(Hypothermie)
-调节呼吸参数
在EKG记录和EKG分析进行时,除颤器生成控制信号,向呼吸机传输该控制信号,于是该控制信号使呼吸行程的生成在跟随在控制信号之后的下一次呼气结束之后结束。除颤器承担系统主控装置的功能。
必要时,这是必需的,因为呼吸行程可能干扰EKG分析。在除颤器预备冲击输出时和在充电期间也已经以及在冲击输出本身期间进一步抑制呼吸行程。在大多数情况下,急救救助者在由系统主控装置(除颤器)请求之后通过按键触发冲击。在这里,急救救助者作为执行器使用,所述急救救助者固然还保留决定可能性。
呼吸机的传感器记录病人的呼吸驱动,于是,呼吸机生成向除颤器的反馈“病人呼吸”。附加地或者替代地,呼吸机通过显示屏或者其它的信号装置生成信息“病人呼吸”。
通过复杂的系统通信能够对所有的传感器信号和执行器信号进行数据检测和数据预备。
以下示例性地列举不同的传感器信号或者说执行器信号:
a)仪器数据:
维修日期
位置(GPS)
运行小时数
电池状态
功能控制
时间变化曲线(接通、关断)
b)监视模块数据:
EKG(3/6/12通道)
CPR反馈数据
HF
颅内的压力测量
NIBP
SpO2
FiO2
etCO2
温度
警报、警报极限、事件
胸部压迫(Thoraxkompressionen)
体积
压力(PEEP、平稳期压力、顶峰压力)
c)呼吸模块数据:
呼吸模式
呼吸值(AZV、pinsp.AF、MV、Fi02、Peak、PEEP、CO2)
O2吸入流
d)除颤模块数据:
除颤
复律
自动的EKG分析
心脏起搏器
所执行的手动的措施(例如药物给药)优选具有自由文本可能性地进行。
例如可以添加以下数据:
病人数据(医保卡、健康卡)
使用数据(工作人员、经营者、车辆、使用号、使用时间)
CRP-重击数据
为了集成其它的仪器的数据,可以定义和建档协议。
可以在使用位置上以协议表达数据,以便能够将数据提供用于进一步处理。
可以从使用位置实时地向监管者传输数据用于远程医疗的观察。
可以从使用位置向中央服务器传输数据用于品质保证。
可以将数据馈入到常见的临床文件系统中:
在这样的时间点输出两个仪器的警报和宣告,在所述时间点,所述警报和宣告出现(没有仪器的相对彼此的优先次序)。因此不触发无意义的警报(在心肺复苏期间存在于HLW阶段中的病人警报“断开”和“狭窄”在分析阶段期间或者说在预备冲击时不是激活的)。
如果不触发所预备的冲击,则在进行内部的减压之后再次开始呼吸。呼吸机上的“面罩/管”按钮保持将呼吸压力限制在20或者说45hPa上的功能。在“AED”和“手动”模式中在“30:2的节律的HLW”和“挤压”之间的选择在除颤器上进行。在呼吸冲程和心肺复苏术同时发生的情况下在挤压(Durchdruecken)时触发狭窄(Stenose)警报。
警报输出可以通过智能过程减小到最小。这意味着,为了发警报,不仅仅检查警报条件,而且也检查起作用的另外的参数/过程。
在复苏术中忽略警报条件,因为已知病人处于有复苏义务的状态下并且这是唯一的措施,以便对抗用于发警报的条件。
当存在脉冲曲线时,没有心收缩不全警报或者VF/VT警报。
视觉的警报输出应能够简单和快速地对应于发出警报的模块。
声学的警报输出必须是因模块而异的,以便它们能够对应于发出警报的模块。
警报输出的音量应是可调节的并且自动地匹配环境噪声水平。
可调节的警报极限应能够以最小的花费与因病人而异的条件匹配(例如通过自动警报极限)。
除颤器(主控装置)的指令被发送到呼吸机(从动装置)。
在连接存在的情况下,在各种情况下,主控装置收到对其指令的反馈。
在交出指挥时考虑以下参数:
在用于测试计算器的非同步的通信上设置接口。
呼吸机的硬件可以这样扩展,使得能够关断语音、抑制或者结束警报、停止、开始呼吸、改变狭窄警报极限。
作为参数,呼吸机可以返回提供,施加哪种设置(频率)、呼吸阶段或者哪种警报。可以输出呼吸道压力用于作为监视数据的显示。
在除颤器和呼吸机之间的通信中,除颤器承担主控装置的角色。呼吸机作为从动装置工作并且仅仅对其从除颤器获得的指令作出反应。
通信从除颤器开始,其方式是,除颤器向呼吸机发送相应的指令。于是,呼吸机在向使用者指示之后关断其语音输出并且向除颤器发送相应的答复。
如果在呼吸停止期间中断通信,则呼吸机继续呼吸,因为它没有收到新的指令。
通过指令“开始”,除颤器可以随时撤销呼吸的中断。在这种情况下,呼吸机立即或者在可能要做的吸气阶段/呼气阶段结束之后开始呼吸。
除颤器监测呼吸行程的数量和呼吸机是否还是随时可使用的(需要模式由使用者选择)。
可以由除颤器通过发送指令来结束通信。在这种情况下,呼吸机结束所有数据的发送,呼吸自给自足地继续并且通过指令回应来确认通信的结束。
如果呼吸机由于传输误差而不能理解除颤器的指令,则其发送指令用于再次发送。于是,除颤器重复指令。如果在多次重复之后也不进行由呼吸机对指令的有效地确认,则除颤器中断通信并且两个仪器自给自足地继续工作。
在通信由于通信误差而中断之后,只要除颤器没有接收到来自呼吸机的答复,则除颤器继续地请求数据。如果除颤器接收到来自呼吸机的含有误差的答复,则其重复指令直到两次并且接着又在3秒之后重复。由于接收到所期待的数据组,则通信再次建立。
具体实施方式
以下要以一事故状况为例说明一种复杂的护理系统。在与行人发生交通事故时呼叫急救小组。到达使用地点,尝试与受伤者谈话并且重建事故经过。在此,三个急救救助者中的一个向系统口头地说明病人的状态和情形。系统存储这些数据。
征调人力(Einsatzkraefte)的上级临场(Vor-Ort)监管者得到显示在主控单元上的既往病史的数据,所述监管者随身携带用于监测的控制和监测主控单元。急救救助者接通其数据眼镜。主控单元上的数据被发送到各个征调人力的数据眼镜上并且在那里显示。监管者的主控单元在使用期间作为主控装置起作用并且将数据眼镜和例如除颤器和呼吸机这样的护理系统作为从动装置连接起来。
数据眼镜借助于虹膜扫描识别急救救助者并且立即了解其职权。此后,病人数据显示在征调人力的数据眼镜上。急救救助者以对病人的监视开始。急救救助者将用于测量如氧饱和度、血压和脉搏这样的生命体征参数的传感器连接到病人上。此外,将EKG连接到病人上。
通过临场监管者身上的主控单元将数据发送到急救救助者的单个的数据眼镜并显示。因为病人的状态恶化,系统分别向监管者和急救救助者发出警报。
急救救助者发觉,病人脸色变暗、呼吸越来越弱并且在呼吸时可听到明显的嘎嘎噪声。所接收到的生命体征参数连续地向监管者的主控单元发送。由于病人的状况,监管者着手与最近的急救诊所里的专家联系。在此,向急救诊所里的专家实时地发送病人的数据。
由于病人的血压恶化,专家建议进一步的措施。由于怀疑在交通事故情况下颅脑创伤,在病人头颅上执行颅内压力测量。同样,借助于超声检测检查病人的腹腔。两个系统的图像借助于无线的数据传输传输到急救救助者和监管者的数据眼镜上。
确定内出血(Einblutungen)。病人的状态继续恶化,直到有义务对病人进行复苏。急救救助者立即开始以复苏术并且决定插管。借助于视频喉镜将病人的咽喉的视频图像录制(eingespielt)到数据眼镜上。由于难以接触到的位置,可以借助于视频图像给病人插管。通过语音指令激活抽吸泵。一旦管就位,通过语音指令激活呼吸机。
监测呼吸状态并且将数据放映(gespielt)到主控单元上和急救救助者的数据眼镜上。所有的措施通过急救救助者的数据眼镜中的摄像机识别并且存储在主控单元的文件存储器中。向中央安全服务器传送所述措施以便后来清算使用并且确保和改进所投入的人力的品质。
系统在复苏术期间识别哪些措施已经由急救救助者执行并且借助于基础算法的分析评估根据情形地提出用于进一步的治疗可能性的建议。救助者决定,将病人尽可能快地运输到最近的急救诊所和创伤诊所。此外,因为对病人是有复苏义务的,征调人力决定在至诊所途中使用自动复苏仪。
复苏仪的控制由护理系统无线地承担,从而可以在呼吸和心肺复苏术之间进行最优的顺序。在这个时刻,护理系统的除颤器承担主控装置的角色,以便控制呼吸机和复苏仪。护理系统识别病人的状态并且在使用期间提供具有进一步处理建议的语音输出。因为临场监管者已经借助于远程医疗支持向医院里的专家发送数据,医院可以对病人的到来最优地做准备。
Claims (13)
1.用于临床前急救护理的设备,包括具有至少两个相互联网的模块的系统,所述模块通过联网能够实现与情形相关的处理过程,其中,模块中的一个为除颤器且模块中的另一个为呼吸机,所述系统根据状态进行控制,其中,所述系统连接到至少一个传感器,其中,所述模块基于主控-从动原理以组织结构设置,以用于控制功能处理步骤,其中,所述组织结构包括至少一个系统主控装置和至少一个系统从动装置,其中,所述至少一个系统主控装置能够根据病人的健康状态在护理期间自动地更换,其中,所述至少一个系统主控装置的功能能够随所述至少一个系统从动装置的功能更换,其中,所述至少一个系统主控装置控制模块的警报信号产生,并根据情形产生警报信号或抑制警报信号,其中,所述系统连接到至少一个输入装置以用于输入用户信息,并连接到至少一个输出装置以对用户引导工作措施,其中,所述呼吸机是呼吸单元的一部分,所述设备还包括连接到除颤器和呼吸单元的控制单元,其中,所述控制单元控制所述模块的主控状态和/或从动状态,其中,除颤器的主控状态优先于呼吸单元的主控状态被控制,在复苏的情况下,首先,除颤器是主控装置并且在心搏顺利的情况下把主控装置功能交给呼吸机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述模块包括传感器、执行器、输入元件、输出元件和/或控制/调节元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,将急救救助者作为所述系统中的模块使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,网络使用有线连接的、无线的、光学的、声学的、磁的和/或触觉的传输技术。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,网络通过时间戳和受防护的通信能够实现单义模块/数据识别。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,在通信中断时,下属模块和上级模块自给自足地继续工作。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,智能的、与情形相关的语音引导支持急救救助者。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,视频喉镜、CPR反馈系统、远程操作模块、超声系统、脑压测量系统、数据眼镜、文件系统和/或其它的传感器模块、执行器模块和/或HMI模块可以接入总系统中。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,主控-从动下属结构作为用于上级结构的从动装置使用。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,存在多个并行的、权利平等的结构和/或系统主控装置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述系统主控装置可以是人或者仪器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,模块在措施期间能够被供给所述系统或者从所述系统中除去。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述系统受使用者控制地和/或自主地优化治疗过程。
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EP3140759A1 (de) | 2017-03-15 |
WO2015169274A1 (de) | 2015-11-12 |
US20170068791A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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