CN106451555B - Low-voltage ride through control method and system for doubly-fed wind turbine - Google Patents
Low-voltage ride through control method and system for doubly-fed wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-voltage ride through control method and system of a doubly-fed wind turbine, relates to the technical field of new energy grid-connected power generation control, and can improve the stability of an alternating current system. The specific scheme comprises the following steps: detecting the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind machine; when the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than the low-voltage ride-through starting value, the control network side converter is switched from the constant reactive current control in a steady state to the constant transient alternating voltage control; after the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage control is started, the Q-axis current of the grid-side converter is increased, and the doubly-fed fan increases the output reactive power. The invention is used for controlling the low voltage ride through of the doubly-fed wind turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of new energy grid-connected power generation control, in particular to a low-voltage ride-through control method and system of a doubly-fed fan.
Background
A wind power generation system is an energy conversion system that converts wind energy into electrical energy. As a renewable energy source, development and utilization of wind energy have been receiving great attention in recent years, and a large number of wind power generation systems have been put into operation. The wind power generation system can be divided into constant frequency/constant speed and constant frequency/variable speed according to the rotating speed of the fan. The constant frequency/variable speed wind power generation system can adjust the rotating speed of the generator in real time according to the wind speed condition, so that the fan operates near the optimal tip speed ratio, the operation efficiency of the fan is optimized, and meanwhile, the control system can ensure that the generator outputs constant frequency electric power to the power grid.
The most common of constant frequency/variable speed wind power generation systems is the doubly fed wind power generation system. The stator of the doubly-fed fan is directly connected with the power grid, the rotor is connected into the power grid through the frequency converter, the frequency converter can change the frequency of the input current of the rotor of the generator, and then the output of the stator of the generator can be ensured to be synchronous with the frequency of the power grid, so that the variable speed constant frequency control is realized. As wind power generation capacity and wind farm scale become larger, the wind power grid-connected standard requires that the doubly-fed wind turbine have low voltage ride through capability. A common low voltage ride through control strategy is to short circuit the fan rotor windings during a fault using a Crowbar circuit (Crowbar) to reduce the fault current flowing into the rotor side inverter, thereby avoiding the fan from going out of service.
However, in the prior art, when a fault occurs in the remote ac system, transient power disturbance is often brought, and stability of the ac system is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-voltage ride through control method and a system of a doubly-fed fan, which can improve the stability of an alternating current system.
In order to achieve the above objective, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a low voltage ride through control method for a doubly-fed wind turbine is provided, including:
detecting the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind machine;
when the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than the low-voltage ride-through starting value, the control network side converter is switched from the constant reactive current control in a steady state to the constant transient alternating voltage control;
after the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage control is started, the Q-axis current of the grid-side converter is increased, and the doubly-fed fan increases the output reactive power.
In a second aspect, a low voltage ride through control system for a doubly fed wind turbine is provided, comprising: a low voltage ride through controller, a grid-side converter and a doubly-fed wind turbine;
the low voltage ride through controller is used for detecting the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed fan, and outputting a switching enabling signal to the grid-side converter controller when the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than a low voltage ride through starting value;
after receiving the enabling signal, the network side converter controller controls the network side converter to be switched from constant reactive current control to constant transient alternating voltage control in a steady state;
after the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage control is started, the Q-axis current of the grid-side converter is increased, and the doubly-fed fan increases the output reactive power.
According to the low voltage ride through control method and system for the doubly-fed wind turbine, when a remote alternating current system fault occurs, if the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind turbine is smaller than the low voltage ride through starting value, the Q-axis current is switched from constant current control to transient alternating current voltage control, and the doubly-fed wind turbine outputs a certain reactive power to support the alternating current system voltage, so that the stability of the alternating current system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage ride through control system of a doubly fed wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a low voltage ride through control method of a doubly-fed wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the correspondence between wind speed, doubly-fed wind turbine rotor speed and output active power;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a rotor-side inverter controller in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a grid-side inverter controller in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a low voltage ride through recovery value, a low voltage ride through start value, and a low voltage ride through latch value according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a low voltage ride through controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an improved low-voltage ride through control method and system for a doubly-fed wind turbine. The control system controls low voltage ride through by combining transient alternating voltage control and Crowbar control on the basis of decoupling control of active power and reactive power of the doubly-fed wind turbine, so that the doubly-fed wind turbine outputs a certain reactive power support system voltage during a far-end fault period, and further, the doubly-fed wind turbine is rapidly put into Crowbar control and a rotor converter is blocked when a near-end fault occurs, so that rotor current is rapidly reduced. The following is a detailed description of the embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a low voltage ride through control method of a doubly-fed wind turbine, which is applied to a low voltage ride through control system of the doubly-fed wind turbine. The control system, as shown in fig. 1, includes a doubly-fed wind turbine 101, a grid-side inverter 102, a rotor-side inverter 103, and may further include a rotor-side Crowbar circuit 104. Each of the above sections includes a respective controller (not shown in fig. 1), specifically a low voltage ride through controller, a grid side converter controller, and a rotor side converter controller. Referring to fig. 2, the low voltage ride through control method includes the steps of:
201. the outlet voltage effective value of the doubly-fed wind machine 101 is detected.
The effective voltage value of the doubly-fed wind machine 101 may be detected in real time, and the detection result may be judged to determine whether to execute step 202.
202. And starting constant-transient alternating-current voltage control when the remote fault occurs.
When the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than the low-voltage ride through starting value, the control network side converter 102 is switched from the constant reactive current control in the steady state to the constant transient alternating voltage control;
203. the output reactive power supports the ac system voltage.
After the control of the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage is started, in order to increase the voltage of the outlet bus of the fan, the current of the Q axis of the grid-side converter 102 is rapidly increased, and the reactive power output by the doubly-fed fan 101 is also increased.
204. Reactive power is restored to a steady state value upon remote fault restoration.
When the effective value of the outlet voltage is determined to be larger than the low voltage ride through recovery value, the control network side converter 102 is switched back to the constant reactive current control by the constant transient alternating voltage control, the reactive power output by the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 is recovered to a steady state value, and the output reactive power is 0 when the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 is steady.
205. And when the near end fails, the Crowbar circuit is put into operation.
When the near-end alternating current system fails, the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind machine 101 is lower than the low-voltage ride-through blocking value, the Q-axis current is kept under constant current control, and if the effective value of the rotor current is greater than the Crowbar control starting value, a Crowbar circuit is put into and the rotor current converter is blocked, so that the rotor current converter is prevented from overflowing.
Detecting the rotor current effective value of the doubly-fed wind machine 101 in real time; when it is determined that the rotor current effective value is greater than the Crowbar control start value and the outlet voltage effective value is less than the low voltage ride through blocking value, the rotor side Crowbar circuit 104 is put into operation and the rotor side inverter 103 is blocked. The rotor current decreases rapidly under the influence of the Crowbar circuit shunt. At this time, since the network side voltage value is generally low during the near-end fault, the effect of the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 on raising the outlet bus voltage is not obvious, so that the network side converter 102 should maintain constant reactive current control while Crowbar starts.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a low voltage ride through control system of a doubly-fed wind turbine for executing the control method described above.
And the low voltage ride through controller is used for detecting the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed fan 101, and outputting a switching enabling signal to the network-side converter controller when the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than the low voltage ride through starting value.
After receiving the enable signal, the network-side converter controller controls the network-side converter 102 to switch from the constant reactive current control in the steady state to the constant transient alternating voltage control.
After the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage control is started, the current of the Q axis of the grid-side converter 102 is increased, and the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 increases the output reactive power.
Optionally, the low voltage ride through control system further comprises: rotor side inverter controller, rotor side inverter 103, crowbar circuit controller, and rotor side Crowbar circuit 104.
Referring to fig. 3, at a specific wind speed, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the rotor speed of the doubly-fed wind machine 101 and the maximum value of the output active power.
In a specific embodiment, the rotor speed value is determined by measuring the wind speed in real time, and then the current reference value of the Q axis of the rotor-side converter 103 is obtained by controlling the rotor speed PI. A rotor-side inverter controller for detecting a rotor current effective value of the doubly-fed wind machine 101; when the rotor-side converter controller determines that the rotor current effective value is larger than the Crowbar control starting value and when the low voltage ride through controller determines that the outlet voltage effective value is smaller than the low voltage ride through locking value, the Crowbar circuit controller controls the rotor-side Crowbar circuit 104 to be put into operation, and the rotor-side converter controller locks the rotor-side converter 103; the grid-side inverter 102 maintains constant reactive current control.
Optionally, as shown in connection with fig. 4, the rotor-side converter controller includes: a reactive power subtractor 41, a rotor speed subtractor 42, a reactive power PI controller 43, a speed PI controller 44, a stator voltage phase-locked loop 45, a phase angle subtractor 46, and a DQ axis coordinate transformer 47. In this embodiment, the rotor-side converter 103 of the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 adopts decoupling control of active power and reactive power, and selects the rotor flux linkage direction as the reference direction.
In FIG. 4, u sabc For the three-phase voltage at the net side, theta s For the network side voltage phase angle, θ r For the phase angle, θ, of the generator rotor err For theta s And theta r Phase angle difference, Q ref For reactive power reference value, Q w The reactive power value w output by the doubly-fed fan 101 ref For the rotor speed reference value, I rd_ref 、I rq_ref I is the DQ axis current reference value of the rotor side converter 103 ra_ref 、I rb_ref 、I rc_ref Is an ABC three-phase current reference value for generating the trigger pulse of the rotor-side converter 103.
The input signal of the reactive power subtractor 41 is the reactive power reference value Q ref The doubly-fed wind turbine 101 outputs the reactive power value Q w The output signal of the reactive power subtractor 41 is used as the input signal of the reactive power PI controller 43, and the reactive power PI controller 43 outputs the DQ-axis current reference value I of the rotor-side inverter 103 rd_ref ；
The input signal of the rotor speed subtractor 42 is a rotor speed reference value w ref And a rotor rotation speed measurement value w, wherein an output signal of the rotor rotation speed subtractor 42 is used as an input signal of the rotation speed PI controller 44, and the rotation speed PI controller 44 outputs a current reference value I of the DQ axis of the rotor-side converter 103 rq_ref ；
The input signal of the stator voltage phase-locked loop 45 is the network side three-phase voltage u sabc Output signal net side voltage phase angle theta of stator voltage phase-locked loop 45 s As an input signal to the phase angle subtractor 46, the input signal to the phase angle subtractor 46 also includes a generator rotor phase angle θ r Output signal θ of phase angle subtractor 46 err For theta s And theta r Is a phase angle difference of (2);
the input signal to DQ axis coordinate transformer 47 is I rd_ref 、I rq_ref θ err I is obtained through transformation from DQ coordinate system to ABC three-phase coordinate system ra_ref 、I rb_ref 、I rc_ref For generating a trigger pulse.
In this embodiment, the rotor-side converter 103 of the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 first determines w according to the real-time wind speed and power-rotation speed curve ref ，w ref Subtracting w from the w and obtaining I through a PI controller rq_ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Next, Q ref And Q is equal to w Subtracting and obtaining I through a PI controller rd_ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally, I is obtained through transformation from DQ coordinate system to ABC three-phase coordinate system ra_ref 、I rb_ref 、I rc_ref For generating a trigger pulse. Wherein,angle θ of coordinate transformation err Equal to theta s And theta r Difference of θ s From u sabc Obtained by a phase locked loop.
Optionally, as shown in connection with fig. 5, the grid-side converter controller includes: the device comprises a direct-current voltage subtracter 51, a direct-current voltage PI controller 52, an alternating-current voltage subtracter 53, an alternating-current voltage PI controller 54, a low-voltage crossing judging link 55, two DQ axis current reference value limiting links respectively represented by icons 56 and 57, a network side voltage phase-locked loop 58, two DQ axis current subtracters respectively represented by icons 59 and 510, two DQ axis current PI controllers respectively represented by icons 511 and 512 and two DQ axis coordinate converters respectively represented by icons 513 and 514.
In FIG. 5, U dc_ref Is a direct-current voltage reference value, U dc For DC voltage measurement, I dref_max 、I dref_min 、I qref_max 、I qref_min The current limit value is referenced for the D-axis.
Wherein,
I d_ref 、I q_ref is DQ axis current reference value, I d 、I q For DQ axis current measurements, U d_ref 、U q_ref Is DQ axis voltage reference value, U a_ref 、U b_ref 、U c_ref For generating trigger pulses for three-phase voltage reference values, i a 、i b 、i c For three-phase current measurement, U ac_ref Is the reference value of alternating voltage, U rms_ac For the ac voltage measurement value to be valid, lvrt_en is a low voltage ride through enable signal.
The input signal of the DC voltage subtractor 51 is a DC voltage reference U dc_ref DC voltage measurement U dc The output signal of the direct-current voltage subtracter 51 is used as the input signal of the direct-current voltage PI controller 52, and the output signal of the direct-current voltage PI controller 52 outputs the DQ axis current reference value I after passing through a DQ axis current reference value limiting link 56 d_ref ，I d_ref And DQ axis current measurementsI d As an input signal to the DQ axis current subtractor 59, an output signal of the DQ axis current subtractor 59 is used as an input signal to the DQ axis current PI controller 511, and the DQ axis current PI controller 511 outputs the DQ axis voltage reference value U d_ref ；
The input signal of the ac voltage subtractor 53 is an ac voltage reference value U ac_ref Ac voltage measurement effective value U rms_ac The output signal of the ac voltage subtractor 53 serves as an input signal of the ac voltage PI controller 54;
the input signal of the low voltage ride through determination section 55 includes the DQ axis current reference I q_ref The output signal of the ac voltage PI controller 54 passes through another DQ axis current reference value clipping section 57, the low voltage ride through enable signal lvrt_en received from the low voltage ride through controller, the output signal of the low voltage ride through determination section 55, and the DQ axis current measurement value I q As an input signal of the other DQ axis current subtractor 510, an output signal of the other DQ axis current subtractor 510 is used as an input signal of the other DQ axis current PI controller 512, and the other DQ axis current PI controller 512 outputs the DQ axis voltage reference value U q_ref ；
The input signal of the network side voltage phase-locked loop 58 is the network side three-phase voltage u sabc The output signal is the network side voltage phase angle theta s ；U d_ref 、U q_ref θ s As an input signal to a DQ axis coordinate transformer 513, a DQ axis coordinate transformer 513 outputs a three-phase voltage reference value U a_ref 、U b_ref 、U c_ref For generating a trigger pulse;
I d and I q The output signal of the other DQ axis coordinate transformer 514 is the three-phase current measurement i a 、i b 、i c θ s 。
In this embodiment, the network-side converter 102 first uses U dc_ref And U dc Subtracting and obtaining I through PI control and amplitude limiting links d_ref While under steady state conditions directly setting I q_ref LVRT_EN is 1When the voltage is in the transient state, the voltage control is carried out to control U ac_ref And U rms_ac Subtracting and obtaining I through PI control and amplitude limiting links q_ref ；I d_ref And I q_ref Obtaining U through inner loop PI control d_ref And U q_ref Is DQ axis voltage reference value, U a_ref 、U b_ref 、U c_ref For three-phase voltage reference values to be generated; finally, U is obtained through transformation from DQ coordinate system to ABC coordinate system a_ref 、U b_ref 、U c_ref For generating a trigger pulse.
Referring to FIG. 6, U LVRT_RS Is a low voltage ride through recovery value, U LVRT Is a low voltage ride through starting value, U LVRT_OFF Is a low voltage ride through latch-up value. When U is LVRT <U rms_ac <1, the current of the Q axis of the grid-side converter 102 is controlled by adopting constant current; when U is LVRT_OFF <U rms_ac <U LVRT When the Q-axis current is switched to transient alternating voltage control, the reactive power output by the doubly-fed wind turbine 101 is difficult to restore the system voltage to the rated value, so that I q_ref Will reach the maximum limiting value I qref_max Up to
U LVRT_RS <U rms_ac The constant current control is restored; when U is rms_ac <U LVRT_OFF When the Q-axis current is still controlled by constant current, if the rotor inverter current is greater than the Crowbar current start value, the rotor side Crowbar circuit 104 is turned on. Under constant current control, I q_ref Typically 0 is taken.
Optionally, as shown in conjunction with fig. 7, the low voltage ride through controller includes: the two ac voltage effective value comparators are shown by icons 71 and 72, respectively, a low voltage ride-through start determination link 73, a low voltage ride-through end determination link 74, a negation logic 75, and a low-ride-through start multiplier 76.
In FIG. 7, S LVRT Is a low voltage ride through start flag; s is S LVRT_RS Is a low voltage ride through recovery flag; the fault_start is a low-penetration start signal; the Fault end is the low end signal.
Ac voltage measurement effective value U rms_ac By an alternating voltageValue comparator 71 low voltage ride-through start value U LVRT The output signal is used as an input signal of the low voltage ride-through start determination section 73, and the low voltage ride-through start determination section 73 outputs a low-ride-through start signal fault_start.
Ac voltage measurement effective value U rms_ac Through another AC voltage effective value comparator 72 and the low voltage ride through recovery value U LVRT_RS The output signal is compared with the output signal as the input signal of the low voltage ride-through termination determination element 74, the low voltage ride-through termination determination element 74 outputs a low-voltage ride-through termination signal fault_end, and the low-voltage ride-through termination signal fault_end is input to the low-voltage ride-through start multiplier 76 together with the fault_start signal after passing through the negation logic 75, and the low-voltage ride-through start multiplier 76 outputs a low-voltage ride-through enable signal lvrt_en.
In this embodiment, when the remote ac system fails and U LVRT_OFF <U rms_ac <U LVRT At the time S LVRT If 1, the fault_start is 1, and since the fault_end is 0, the LVRT_EN obtained by multiplying the inverted fault_end by the fault_start is 1, namely the low voltage ride through control is enabled; when the fault is recovered and U LVRT_RS <U rms_ac At the time S LVRT_RS If 1, the fault_end is 1, and after being inverted and multiplied by the fault_start, the voltage is equal to 0, that is, LVRT_EN is 0, and the low voltage ride through is finished.
According to the low voltage ride through control method and system for the doubly-fed wind turbine, when a remote alternating current system fault occurs, if the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind turbine is smaller than the low voltage ride through starting value, the Q-axis current is switched from constant current control to transient alternating current voltage control, and the doubly-fed wind turbine outputs certain reactive power to support the alternating current system voltage. When the fault is recovered, if the effective value of the outlet voltage is determined to be larger than the recovery value of the low voltage ride through, the Q-axis current is switched from transient alternating-current voltage control to constant current control, and the output reactive power is 0 when the doubly-fed fan is in a steady state. Further, when the near-end alternating current system fails, if the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind machine is lower than the low-voltage ride-through locking value, the Q-axis current is kept in constant current control, and if the effective value of the rotor current is greater than the Crowbar control starting value, a rotor side Crowbar circuit is put into and the rotor converter is locked, so that the rotor converter is prevented from overflowing, and the stability of the alternating current system is improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the invention should be covered. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The low voltage ride through control method of the doubly-fed wind turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
detecting the effective value of the outlet voltage of the doubly-fed wind machine;
when the effective value of the outlet voltage is smaller than the low-voltage ride-through starting value, the control network side converter is switched from the constant reactive current control in a steady state to the constant transient alternating voltage control;
after the control of the fixed-transient alternating-current voltage is started, the Q-axis current of the grid-side converter is increased, and the doubly-fed fan increases the output reactive power;
detecting a rotor current effective value of the doubly-fed wind machine;
when the rotor current effective value is determined to be larger than a Crowbar control starting value and the outlet voltage effective value is determined to be smaller than a low voltage ride through locking value, the rotor side Crowbar circuit is put into operation, and the rotor side converter is locked;
the grid-side converter maintains constant reactive current control.
2. The low voltage ride through control method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the effective value of the outlet voltage is determined to be larger than the low voltage ride through recovery value, the control network side converter is switched back to the fixed reactive current control by the fixed transient alternating voltage control, and the reactive power output by the doubly-fed fan is recovered to a steady state value.
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