CN106451539B - It is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis - Google Patents
It is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis Download PDFInfo
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of meter and the wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic, including the following steps: step 1, the wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type is constructed, the equivalent output impedance of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type wind power plant is obtained；Step 2 obtains the equivalent input impedance of the wind farm grid-connected system grid side of PMSG type using Thevenin's equivalence method；Step 3 calculates output and the input impedance ratio T of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG typem；Step 4 judges the stability of PMSG grid-connected system using output and input impedance than stability analysis principle；The present invention angle stable from frequency domain, it is contemplated that the main associated factors of PMSG dynamic characteristic propose output and the input impedance ratio T of wind-electricity integration systemmConcept, and the formula that embodies of the index is constructed, dexterously by TmNyquist curve be used to judge the stability of grid connection problem of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis, more particularly, to a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine
The wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of group dynamic characteristic
Background technique
It is worldwide in widespread attention and fast-developing as the new energy of representative using wind energy, photovoltaic.Wherein, wind energy
Using the most mature with wind generating technology.Permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator (Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generator, PMSG) have many advantages, such as that efficient, reliable, mechanical stress is small, there is no speed change link, become the development of wind-power electricity generation
Trend.Compared with conventional power source, PMSG belongs to non-ideal power supply, with converter cascade it is grid-connected after, electric system will be caused electric
The problems such as impact of fluctuation, the excessive generation of transient state overshoot of pressure and power is big, system stability declines.
Both at home and abroad, it is mostly confined to the external characteristics after set grid-connection for the analysis of PMSG stability of grid connection, ignores its transformation
The dynamic characteristic of device and generating set is unable to the stability of accurate judgement system.Accordingly, it is considered to the dynamic characteristic of Wind turbines,
The maintenance level for promptly and accurately judging the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type has weight to the stable operation for guaranteeing wind-powered electricity generation electric system
Want meaning.
Summary of the invention
For in the prior art, mostly ignore the dynamic characteristic of PMSG, so that the stability of PMSG grid-connected system is difficult to standard
Really judgement, the invention proposes it is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis,
Using impedance ratio dam abutment stability is output and input, the accuracy of PMSG grid-connected system judgement of stability is improved.
The meter and the wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic, which refer to, to be considered
On the basis of the dynamic characteristic of permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group, a kind of wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis is proposed.
The wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1 constructs the wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type, obtains the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type
Equivalent output impedance Zo(s)；
Step 2 obtains the equivalent input impedance of the wind farm grid-connected system grid side of PMSG type using Thevenin's equivalence method
Zin(s)；
Step 3 calculates output and the input impedance ratio T of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG typem=Zo(s)/Zin(s)；
Step 4 judges the stability of PMSG grid-connected system using output and input impedance than stability analysis principle；
Seek output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curve, work as TmNyquist curve and forbidden zone it is non-intersecting when,
The wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type keeps stablizing；
Work as TmNyquist curve when intersecting with forbidden zone, the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type loses stabilization；
Work as TmNyquist curve only with point (- 1,0) intersect when, the wind farm grid-connected system neutrality of PMSG type；
The forbidden zone refers to the region that ray x≤- 1, y=0 is formed.
The wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type is as follows:
Y=Cx
Wherein, x=[Δ ωe,Δidg,ΔVdc]T, u=[Δ Vdg,Δv]T, y=Δ idg
X, u, y are followed successively by state vector, dominant vector and the output vector of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type；A B C according to
Secondary state matrix, control matrix and output matrix for the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type；
In above formula, r, λ, v and ρ are respectively wind mill wind wheel radius, tip speed ratio, effective wind speed and atmospheric density；ids、
iqsRespectively d, q axis component of side currents, Ld、LqRespectively generator unit stator d, q axle inductance, ψ are permanent magnet flux linkage, ωe、
JedFor the angular rate and equivalent moment of inertia of generator；Vdc、CdRespectively DC voltage and capacitor；Vdg、idgRespectively power grid
The d axis component of voltage and current, Rf、LfRespectively net side filter resistance and inductance；Sd1、Sq1Respectively machine-side converter d, q axis
Output duty cycle, Sd2For grid side converter d axis output duty cycle；λ0、v0、ids0、iqs0And ωe0Respectively to the initial of dependent variable
Value；Δωe、Δidg、ΔVdc、ΔVdg、Δv、Δids、ΔiqsRespectively to dependent variable ωe、idg、Vdc、Vdg、v、ids、iqsPhase
For the deviation of initial value；
a11、a22、a23、a32、b12、b21、c12、c31、c32、d11、d13、d21And d23It is intermediate variable.
The equivalent output impedance Z of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG typeo(s) expression formula is as follows:
In formula:
Wherein, N (s), D (s) are respectively equivalent output impedance Zo(s) molecular moiety of transmission function and denominator part；S is
Complex variable.
For the present invention by largely analyzing and researching, creative utilizes output and input impedance than stability criterion, obtains
PMSG grid-connected system stability analysis principle is as follows:
PSMG grid-connected system is mainly made of power supply, converter and load etc..It can be analyzed to two cascade subsystems,
That is, grid entry point grid side is equivalent to load subsystem using PMSG as source subsystem.As shown in Fig. 2, for a two-stage cascade
System, transmission function are
In formula: F1、F2It is the transmission function of source subsystem and load subsystem respectively；uin1、uo2Be respectively input voltage and
Output voltage, Zo、ZinThe respectively output impedance of the output impedance of source subsystem and load subsystem, TmReferred to as input impedance
Than, and Tm=Zo/Zin。
According to Nyquist stability criterion, subsystem F1、F2It is when stablizing, entire cascade system keeps stable necessary and sufficient condition
It is and if only if TmNyquist curve not with ray x≤- 1, y=0 it is (as shown in Figure 3a) intersection.Generally, system stablizes fortune
Row needs to keep certain stability margin, and stability margin is defined as TmNyquist curve and point (- 1,0) the shortest distance
Lmin.It as shown in Figure 3b, is that a round O delimited in the center of circle with point (- 1,0), forbidden zone is circle O area defined and ray x≤- 1, y
=0 union.System output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curve do not enter the forbidden zone, that is, be able to maintain certain stabilization
Nargin.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides it is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis,
Including the following steps: step 1 constructs the wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type, obtains PMSG type wind power plant
The equivalent output impedance of grid-connected system；Step 2 obtains the wind farm grid-connected system power grid of PMSG type using Thevenin's equivalence method
The equivalent input impedance of side；Step 3 calculates output and the input impedance ratio T of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG typem；Step 4,
Using output and input impedance than stability analysis principle, the stability of PMSG grid-connected system is judged；The present invention is stable from frequency domain
Angle, it is contemplated that the main associated factors of PMSG dynamic characteristic propose output and the input impedance ratio T of wind-electricity integration systemm
Concept, and the formula that embodies of the index is constructed, dexterously by TmNyquist curve be used to judge the grid-connected of system
Stable problem；The method of the present invention can have good popularization compared with the maintenance level of the wind farm grid-connected system of accurate judgement PMSG type
Application value and prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the work flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is two-stage cascade system schematic；
Fig. 3 is the basic schematic diagram of system stability analysis；
Fig. 4 is the basic block diagram of PMSG；
Fig. 5 is WSCC-9 node system structure chart；
Fig. 6 is wind power plant output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curvilinear motion figure；
Fig. 7 is the PV curve graph of bus 5；
Fig. 8 is the voltage change curve figure of bus 5.
Specific embodiment
The present invention mainly solves the problems, such as that the prior art is difficult to accurate judgement PMSG grid-connected system stability.In order to improve
The accuracy of PMSG grid-connected system stability analysis, it is with input impedance ratio, more effective based on exporting that the invention proposes a kind of
PMSG type wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis, this method meter and the dynamic characteristic of PMSG, it is a kind of effectively accurate to obtain
Stabilizing determination foundation, have good application value and prospect.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation, the invention will be further described.
Firstly, the present invention proposes a kind of PMSG grid-connected system stability analysis principle based on output and input impedance ratio, such as
Under:
PSMG grid-connected system is mainly made of power supply, converter and load etc..It can be analyzed to two cascade subsystems,
That is, grid entry point grid side is equivalent to load subsystem using PMSG as source subsystem.As shown in Fig. 2, for a two-stage cascade
System, transmission function are
In formula: F1、F2It is the transmission function of source subsystem and load subsystem respectively；It is input voltage respectively
And output voltage, Zo、ZinThe respectively output impedance of the output impedance of source subsystem and load subsystem, TmReferred to as secondary loop increases
Benefit or output and input impedance ratio, and Tm=Zo/Zin。
According to Nyquist stability criterion, subsystem F1、F2When keeping stablizing, the necessary and sufficient condition that whole system keeps stable is
And if only if TmNyquist curve not with ray x≤- 1, y=0 it is (as shown in Figure 3a) intersection.Generally, system stable operation
Need to keep certain stability margin, stability margin is defined as TmNyquist curve and point (- 1,0) shortest distance Lmin。
It as shown in Figure 3b, is that a round O delimited in the center of circle with point (- 1,0), forbidden zone is circle O area defined and ray x≤- 1, y=0
Union.System output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curve do not enter the forbidden zone, that is, be able to maintain it is certain stablize it is abundant
Degree.
The wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of a kind of meter of the present invention and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic,
Steps are as follows:
Firstly, establishing the dynamic model of PMSG, the equivalent output impedance of PMSG is obtained.
The step includes following two sub-steps:
Sub-step 1: establishing the dynamic model of PMSG, as follows:
Y=Cx (2)
In formula:
X=[Δ ωe,Δidg,ΔVdc]T, u=[Δ Vdg,Δv]T, y=Δ idg
R, λ, v and ρ are respectively wind mill wind wheel radius, tip speed ratio, effective wind speed and atmospheric density；ids、iqsRespectively
D, q axis component of side currents, Ld、LqRespectively generator unit stator d, q axle inductance, ψ are permanent magnet flux linkage, ωe、JedFor power generation
The angular rate and equivalent moment of inertia of machine；Vdc、CdRespectively DC voltage and capacitor；Vdg、idgRespectively network voltage and electricity
The d axis component of stream, Rf、LfRespectively net side filter resistance and inductance；Sd1、Sq1Respectively machine-side converter d, q axis exports duty
Than Sd2For grid side converter d axis output duty cycle；λ0、v0、ids0、iqs0And ωe0Respectively to the initial value of dependent variable；Δ
ωe、Δidg、ΔVdc、ΔVdg、Δv、Δids、ΔiqsDeviation respectively to dependent variable relative to initial value.
The derivation process of PMSG dynamic model is as follows.As shown in figure 4, the topological structure of PMSG mainly includes wind-force
Machine, magneto alternator, pusher side and grid side converter, DC capacitor etc..Wherein, wind energy conversion system obtain mechanical output and effectively
Wind speed, revolving speed and structural parameters are related, and expression formula is
PW=0.5 ρ π r2CP(λ,β)v3 (3)
In formula: β is propeller pitch angle；CpFor power coefficient, it is expressed as
It is rotor field-oriented to ignore magneto alternator stator-rotor iron core magnetic resistance, internal vortex and magnetic hystersis loss, utilization
Vector control technology, the dynamic model of magneto alternator is as follows under dq coordinate system:
In formula: Rs、Te、npRespectively generator unit stator resistance, electromagnetic torque and stator number of pole-pairs；TWFor generator input
Machine torque is TW=npPW/ωe。
The converter of PMSG realizes the decoupling control of active reactive using vector control technology.Grid side converter is in dq coordinate
System under dynamic model be
In formula: Vdt、VqtRespectively grid side converter exchanges side voltage d, q axis component；Vdg、Vqg、idg、iqgRespectively power grid
D, q axis component of voltage and current；ω is mains frequency.
Converter DC side dynamic model is
Since convertor controls response speed is very fast (Millisecond), and present invention primarily contemplates the dynamic of PMSG grid-connected system
State stable problem (second grade), therefore it is believed that the control characteristic of converter is ideal situation.For the reflection grid-connected dynamic characteristic of PMSG
Main associated factors can disregard its rapid decay and high frequency modality portions, establish simplified dynamic model.Choosing state variable is
X=[Δ ωe,Δidg,ΔVdc]T, control variable is u=[Δ Vdg,Δv]T, output variable is y=Δ idg。
In PMSG grid-connected system stability analysis, using following general procedure mode, i.e.,
1) disregard magneto alternator stator resistance Rs, stator voltage equation is reduced to
2) grid side converter control mode utilizes averaging model, that is, has
In formula: Sq2For grid side converter q axis output duty cycle.
3) when grid side converter unity power factor exports, q shaft current given value is 0.
Based on above-mentioned 3 points, association type (3), formula (5)-formula (9) obtain dynamic equation (1)-formula (2) after linearized.
Sub-step 2: using the model equation of PMSG, the output impedance of PMSG is sought.
Output variable y can be obtained using formula (1) and formula (2) is with the relationship for controlling variable u
In formula: G (s) is output variable y and controls the transfer function matrix of variable u, and I is unit matrix.Matrix G (s) and I
Expression formula be
G (s)=C (sI-A)-1B, G (s) ∈ R1×2, I=diag (1,1,1), I ∈ R3×3
G11、G21Respectively matrix G (s) the 1st row the 1st column, secondary series element.
According to formula (10), show that the output impedance of PMSG is
In formula:
The output impedance of PMSG and the structural parameters L of wind-driven generatord、ψ、Jed、Cd、Rf、Lf, operating parameter ids0、iqs0、
Sd1、Sq1、Sd2、ωeAnd v (is included in variable a11In) etc. correlations.When known to the structural parameters of PMSG, real-time acquisition system
Running state information, substitute into formula (11) and find out the concrete form of its output impedance.
It mainly include route, transformation secondly, obtaining the main structure parameters and real-time running state information of grid side element
The model parameter of device and conventional power generation unit, busbar voltage, active power and reactive power etc..Then, Dai Weinan etc. is utilized
Value method obtains the equivalent input impedance Z of PMSG type wind farm sidein(s), system-wide output and input are further found out
Impedance ratio Tm=Zo(s)/Zin(s)。
Finally, judging the stability of PMSG grid-connected system than stability analysis principle using output and input impedance.
Seek output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curve, judge TmNyquist curve and forbidden zone (i.e. ray x
≤ -1, y=0, as shown in Figure 3a) relationship.Work as TmNyquist curve and forbidden zone it is non-intersecting when, system keep stablize；Work as Tm
Nyquist curve when intersecting with forbidden zone, system loses stabilization；Work as TmNyquist curve only with point (- 1,0) intersect when, be
System neutrality.
It will be applied below with certain and further illustrate the advantages of the present invention for example.
Fig. 5 is WSCC-9 node system, mainly includes 3 conventional power generation units and 3 loads, it is assumed that in the system
The PMSG type wind power plant that rated capacity is 60MW is accessed at bus 4, wherein the rated capacity of separate unit blower is 1.5MW, wind-force hair
The model parameter of motor is as shown in table 1.It is a PMSG by wind power plant equivalence in analytic process, simultaneity factor reference capacity takes
For 100MVA.
1 rated power of table is the PMSG parameter of 1.5MW
Failure is assumed: in Fig. 5, wind power plant is initially contributed as 0.4p.u. and wind speed remains unchanged；As t=1s, bus 5
Load power (initial value 1.25+j0.5p.u.) start to increase, increase speed as 0.023+j0.0092p.u./s；Work as t=
When 50s, load stops increasing and remaining unchanged, and final load power is 2.4+j0.96p.u..
When the load active power of bus 5 is increased separately to 1.6p.u., 2.0p.u. and 2.3p.u., wind power plant output
With input impedance ratio TmNyquist curvilinear motion situation it is as shown in Figure 6.As seen from Figure 6, with bus STN2 load power
Increase, TmNyquist curve and point (- 1,0) minimum range LminIt is gradually reduced, the stability margin of system becomes smaller；Work as load
When active power increases to 2.3p.u., TmNyquist curve passing point (- 1,0), system loses stabilization.Fig. 7 gives mother
The PV curve of line 5, system stability power limit is about 2.45p.u. as seen from the figure.
Fig. 8 gives the voltage change curve of bus 5.As seen from Figure 8, when load increases, the voltage value of bus 5 persistently falls
It falls；As t=45s, voltage value is lower than 0.8p.u., finally loses stabilization.That is, the load active power when bus 5 increases to
When 2.3p.u., system loses stabilization；Mentioned method is accurately judged to system unstability state, and the stabilization pole that PV curve method provides
Limiting power is about 2.45p.u., which is greater than 2.3p.u., and judgement system still maintains stable.Therefore, it is mentioned herein
PMSG stability of grid connection analysis method based on output and input impedance ratio judgement system more more acurrate than traditional PV curve method energy is not
Steady operational status.
In the present embodiment, can using it is a kind of implement it is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind power plant
The device of stability of grid connection analysis method realizes method and step of the invention comprising sequentially connected PMSG model foundation list
Member, PMSG output impedance seeks unit, PMSG grid side equivalent input impedance seeks unit and uses output and input impedance
The system stabilizing determination unit of ratio.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. the wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis of a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
Step 1, the building wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type, the acquisition wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type etc.
Imitate output impedance Zo(s)；
Step 2 obtains the equivalent input impedance Z of the wind farm grid-connected system grid side of PMSG type using Thevenin's equivalence methodin
(s)；
Step 3 calculates output and the input impedance ratio T of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG typem=Zo(s)/Zin(s)；
Step 4 judges the stability of PMSG grid-connected system using output and input impedance than stability analysis principle；
Seek output and input impedance ratio TmNyquist curve, work as TmNyquist curve and forbidden zone it is non-intersecting when, PMSG type
Wind farm grid-connected system keeps stablizing；
Work as TmNyquist curve when intersecting with forbidden zone, the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type loses stabilization；
Work as TmNyquist curve only with point (- 1,0) intersect when, the wind farm grid-connected system neutrality of PMSG type；
The forbidden zone refers to the region that ray x≤- 1, y=0 is formed；
The wind farm grid-connected system dynamic model of PMSG type is as follows:
Y=Cx
Wherein, x=[Δ ωe,Δidg,ΔVdc]T, u=[Δ Vdg, Δ v]T, y=Δ idg
X, u, y are followed successively by state vector, dominant vector and the output vector of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type；ABC is followed successively by
State matrix, control matrix and the output matrix of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type；
In above formula, r, λ, v and ρ are respectively wind mill wind wheel radius, tip speed ratio, effective wind speed and atmospheric density；ids、iqsRespectively
For d, q axis component of side currents, Ld、LqRespectively generator unit stator d, q axle inductance, ψ are permanent magnet flux linkage, ωe、JedFor hair
The angular rate and equivalent moment of inertia of motor；Vdc、CdRespectively DC voltage and capacitor；Vdg、idgRespectively network voltage and
The d axis component of electric current, Rf、LfRespectively net side filter resistance and inductance；Sd1、Sq1Respectively machine-side converter d, q axis output accounts for
Empty ratio, Sd2For grid side converter d axis output duty cycle；λ0、v0、ids0、iqs0And ωe0Respectively to the initial value of dependent variable；Δ
ωe、Δidg、ΔVdc、ΔVdg、Δv、Δids、ΔiqsRespectively to dependent variable ωe、idg、Vdc、Vdg、v、ids、iqsRelative to first
The deviation of initial value；
a11、a22、a23、a32、b12、b21、c12、c31、c32、d11、d13、d21And d23It is intermediate variable.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent output of the wind farm grid-connected system of PMSG type hinders
Anti- Zo(s) expression formula is as follows:
In formula:
Wherein, N (s), D (s) are respectively equivalent output impedance Zo(s) molecular moiety of transmission function and denominator part；S is plural number
Variable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610909329.9A CN106451539B (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2016-10-18 | It is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610909329.9A CN106451539B (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2016-10-18 | It is a kind of meter and permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine group dynamic characteristic wind farm grid-connected Method of Stability Analysis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106451539A CN106451539A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106451539B true CN106451539B (en) | 2019-03-15 |
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