CN106451469B - Long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device - Google Patents
Long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long and short cable low-voltage shore power voltage control device, which can select a cable with corresponding capacity and corresponding length according to the distance change between a shore power source and a ship berth in the process of rising water or dead water, rising tide or falling tide, and can automatically adjust the shore power output voltage according to the load change by properly selecting the shore power output voltage through a servo motor, thereby ensuring that the ship load works in a normal voltage range, ensuring the use safety of ship electrical equipment, prolonging the service life of the electrical equipment, effectively reducing the power loss of the cable and the workload of cable wiring, and improving the enthusiasm, the practicability and the universality of the use of the shore power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship electricity utilization, in particular to a long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device.
Background
Marine shore power technology refers to the access of a ship to a dockside power grid during a harbor, obtaining the power required for its water pumps, communications, ventilation, lighting and other facilities from an onshore power source, thereby shutting down its own diesel generator. Therefore, the emission of waste gas can be effectively reduced after the ship is connected with shore power, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly ship has the remarkable advantages of energy conservation and environment protection; meanwhile, by using the ship to connect shore power, noise pollution generated by the operation of the self-contained generator set of the ship can be eliminated, noise disturbance can be reduced, and the marine transportation environment-friendly, low-carbon and sustainable development in China is facilitated. Therefore, the ship shore power connection has become a trend of future development of China and even the world, and the government of China and traffic departments, shipping enterprises and port enterprises greatly promote the use of shore power.
The shore power accessed by the ship has a great relationship with the electric load capacity of the ship and the environmental characteristics of the port. The shore power supply of China mostly adopts fixed shore power voltage to supply power to a ship shore power box, but due to the fact that the harbor wharfs have tide rise and tide fall, the wharfs such as inland rivers have water rise seasons and water wither seasons, for example, the linear distance between the shore power supply of the coast of the Yangtze river or the region of the cave lake and the berth of the ship changes by hundreds of meters or even more than two kilometers, so that a large amount of unnecessary line loss is caused by adopting cables with the same length in the water wither seasons, and the overlong circuit is inconvenient to move and connect.
In addition, the voltage of the shore power connection of the existing ship is mostly estimated according to the capacity of the ship power supply and the length of the longest cable. However, this estimation method does not take into account that voltage changes may be caused by load changes after the ship is on shore, so that the ship electrical equipment is likely to run at too high or too low voltage, causing serious potential safety hazards to the ship electrical equipment and affecting the service life of the ship electrical equipment, and likely to affect the practicability and versatility of shore power use.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides the long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device, which selects a cable with corresponding capacity and length according to the distance change between a shore power source and a ship berth in the process of rising water or dead water, rising tide or falling tide, and carries out proper selection on shore power output voltage through a servo motor, and automatically adjusts the shore power output voltage according to load change, thereby ensuring that ship load works in a normal voltage range, ensuring the use safety of ship electrical equipment, prolonging the service life of the electrical equipment, effectively reducing the power loss of the cable and the workload of cable wiring, and improving the enthusiasm, practicability and universality of the use of shore power.
A long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device comprises a shore power supply module, a plurality of cables with different lengths, a voltage selector and a servo motor;
the input end of the shore power supply module is connected with a mains supply, and the output end of the sliding contact outputs voltage to external ship electrical equipment through a cable;
the cables with different lengths are respectively used for wiring the ship and the shore power supply at different distances;
the voltage selector obtains the current voltage required to be output by the shore power supply module according to the length of the currently selected cable;
the manual control input end of the servo motor is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage selector, and the output shaft is in driving connection with a sliding contact on the sliding contact output end of the shore power supply module; and the servo motor is controlled by a voltage selector according to the current voltage, so that the sliding contact is driven to move, and the output voltage of the shore power supply module is the current voltage.
Through the technical scheme, the long and short cable low-voltage shore power voltage control device can select the cable with corresponding capacity and length according to the distance change between the shore power source and the berth of the ship in the process of rising water or dead water, rising tide or falling tide, and properly select the shore power output voltage through the servo motor, so that the ship load is ensured to work in a normal voltage range, the use safety of the ship electrical equipment is ensured, the service life of the electrical equipment is prolonged, the power loss of the cable and the workload of cable wiring are effectively reduced, and the enthusiasm, the practicability and the universality of the shore power use are improved.
Preferably, before the shore power module outputs the initial voltage, the voltage selector controls the initial output voltage of the shore power module through the servo motor according to the length of the currently selected cable; the relation between the phase voltage U of the initial output voltage and the cable length l satisfies the formula:
wherein U is i Phase voltage corresponding to a commercial power supply connected to the shore power supply input end; ρ is the resistivity of the currently selected cable, s is the cross-sectional area of the currently selected cable, and I is the reference current of the currently selected cable. Therefore, by limiting the method, the calculation and the selection of the proper voltage according to the cable length are realized, the actual needs are met, and the enthusiasm, the practicability and the universality of shore power use are further improved.
Preferably, in the process that the shore power module outputs voltage to external ship electrical equipment, the voltage selector also controls phase voltage corresponding to the current working output voltage of the shore power module through the servo motor according to effective current of the cable in actual working; the relation between the phase voltage U 'of the current working output voltage and the cable length l and the effective current I' of the cable satisfies the formula:
wherein U is i Phase voltage corresponding to a commercial power supply connected to the shore power supply input end; ρ is the resistivity of the currently selected cable and s is the cross-sectional area of the currently selected cable. By definition herein, the current voltage caused by the change of the ship charge amount can be timely dealt with in the power supply process, and the power supply process is realized by detecting the current flowing through the cable in real timeThe reasonable adjustment of the output voltage of the shore power supply module further ensures that the ship electrical equipment can operate under proper voltage, further ensures the service life of the ship electrical equipment and improves the universality and practicability of shore power.
Preferably, the long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device further comprises a current detection module and a controller;
the input end of the current detection module is electrically connected with the output end of the shore power supply module, the output end of the current detection module is electrically connected with the input end of the controller, and the detected instantaneous current value flowing through the cable is transmitted to the controller;
the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the automatic control input end of the servo motor, a corresponding control signal is obtained through processing according to the instantaneous current value, the running state of the servo motor is controlled through the control signal, sliding of a sliding contact on the sliding output end of the shore power supply module is driven by the servo motor, and the output voltage of the shore power supply module is adjusted.
Therefore, the operation state of the servo motor is controlled by combining automatic control and manual control, the output voltage of the shore power supply module can be further automatically adjusted according to the change of the ship electrical load, the recovery efficiency and the adjustment precision of the voltage are improved, the ship load is further ensured to work in a normal voltage range, the use safety of the ship electrical equipment is further ensured, and the service life of the ship electrical equipment is further prolonged.
Preferably, the controller processes the difference between the effective value of the instantaneous current value and the reference current value of the cable according to the instantaneous current value process
And the difference between the current instantaneous current value and the previous instantaneous current value +.>
And according to the difference->
And->
Proportional, differential and integral processing are performed to obtain the control signal beta,/>
Wherein K is 1 Is a proportionality coefficient, K 2 For differentiating the link control coefficient, K 3 And controlling the coefficient for the integration link. By definition, the method is beneficial to realizing rapid recovery of the voltage by proportional control, differential control and integral control, wherein when the load changes suddenly and the load voltage possibly exceeds the allowable voltage change range of the ship load, the controller can recover the load voltage to the allowable voltage change range in a shorter time; at the same time, it is possible to correct the deviation of the control voltage which occurs when the controller is not capable of operating due to small temperature, controller itself, and load variation. Therefore, the use safety of the ship electrical equipment is further effectively ensured, the service life of the electrical equipment is further prolonged, and the enthusiasm, the practicability and the universality of the shore power use are further improved.
Preferably, the shore power supply module is a three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer, the minimum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output end of the sliding contact is equal to the input voltage, and the maximum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output end of the sliding contact is 1.2-1.3 times of the input voltage; the current detection module comprises 3 current transformers; the 3 current transformers are respectively connected with three-phase output ends of the three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer; and at least 3 cables of each length specification among the plurality of cables of different lengths. By definition herein, it is advantageous to improve the control stability of the present apparatus and simplify the structure of the present apparatus, and avoid unnecessary power loss.
Preferably, the larger the absolute value of the control signal beta is, the larger the voltage change output by the shore power module is; and, positive and negative values of β correspond to increases and decreases, respectively, in the shore power module output voltage. Thereby, the accuracy and operability of the controller for controlling the servo controller can be further ensured.
Preferably, the servomotor adjusts the output voltage of the shore power module only if β >2V or β > 5V. By definition, the minimum voltage difference adjustment value of the ship load is effectively adjusted according to the voltage required stability precision of the electric charge change of the ship electric equipment and the minimum action of the servo motor, namely, when the voltage required stability precision of the electric load change of the ship electric equipment is high, the minimum voltage difference adjustment value of the ship load (namely, the minimum action voltage of the servo motor) is set to be 2V through a plurality of tests, the output voltage is adjusted when beta is more than 2V, and the voltage adjustment and the servo motor control are optimal; when the voltage required stability precision of the electric load change of the ship electric equipment is low, the output voltage is regulated when beta is more than 5V when the minimum voltage difference regulating value of the ship load is set to be 5V through a plurality of tests, and the regulation of the voltage and the control of the servo motor are optimal.
Preferably, the length specification of the plurality of cables with different lengths ranges from 30m to 2000m. By limiting the length specification range of the cable by combining the seasonal and environmental factors, the practical application is met, and the cable is reasonably selected to avoid electric energy loss caused by uniformly using a longer cable, thereby being beneficial to further saving energy.
Preferably, the output shaft of the servo motor drives the sliding contact on the output end of the shore power supply module to conduct linear motion through a ball screw, and the voltage selector and the controller control to change the position of the sliding contact, so that the output voltage of the shore power supply module is adjustable.
For a better understanding and implementation, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device of the present invention after being electrically connected with external ship electrical equipment.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device, which includes a shore power module 1, a plurality of cables with different lengths, a voltage selector 3, a servo motor 4, a current detection module 5 and a controller 6.
The input end of the shore power supply module 1 is connected with a mains supply, and the output end of the sliding contact outputs voltage to external ship electrical equipment through a cable. In this embodiment, in order to be suitable for practical applications, it is preferable that the shore power module 1 (the voltage stabilizer part is not shown in the figure) is a three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer, which is composed of a voltage stabilizer and a voltage regulating transformer, the three-phase input terminal is connected to the mains supply, the minimum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output terminal of the sliding contact is equal to the input voltage, and the maximum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output terminal of the sliding contact is equal to 1.2-1.3 times of the input voltage. In this embodiment, when the three-phase input end of the shore power module 1 is connected to 400V of commercial power (higher high voltage may be connected when the capacity of the shore power module 1 is large), the three-phase output end of the sliding contact of the shore power module 1 may obtain 400-500V of ac voltage through movement of the sliding contact. In this embodiment, the three-phase voltage-stabilizing and voltage-regulating transformer has a voltage-stabilizing function, that is, when the sliding contact does not move, the voltage-stabilizing function of the transformer is reflected in that the variation range of the output voltage is within the voltage variation range required by the ship load, and the mains supply connected to the three-phase voltage-stabilizing and voltage-regulating transformer is stabilized by the voltage stabilizer and then input to the voltage-regulating transformer. In this embodiment, the voltage stabilizer and the voltage regulating transformer have the same structures as those of the existing voltage stabilizer and voltage regulating transformer, and thus are not described herein.
Specifically, the plurality of cables with different lengths are respectively used for wiring the ship and the shore power supply at different distances, and each cable with the length specification has at least 3 cables. In this embodiment, since the shore power module 1 is a three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer, and has three-phase output ends, there are correspondingly 3 cables of each length specification.
Further, in this embodiment, the length specification of the plurality of cables without lengths is 30m to 2000m. In this embodiment, cables of two specifications, 30m and 2000m, must be present, and one or more lengths of cable must be selected within the range of the two length specifications.
Specifically, the voltage selector 3 obtains the current voltage that needs to be output by the shore power module 1 according to the length of the cable that is currently selected. In order to obtain a reasonable shore power supply output voltage, in this embodiment, preferably, before the shore power supply module 1 outputs the initial voltage, the voltage selector 3 controls the initial output voltage of the shore power supply module 1 through the servo motor according to the length of the cable currently selected; the relation between the phase voltage U of the initial output voltage and the cable length l satisfies the formula:
wherein U is i Phase voltage corresponding to a commercial power supply connected to the shore power supply input end; ρ is the resistivity of the currently selected cable; s is the sectional area of the currently selected cable; i is the reference current of the currently selected cable, and is determined by the sectional area of the cable adopted, and can be found from a manual related to the reference current of the cable. And, in the course that the shore power module 1 outputs the voltage to the external ship electrical equipment, the voltage selector 3 also controls the phase voltage corresponding to the current working output voltage of the shore power module 1 through the servo motor according to the effective current of the cable in the actual working; the relation between the phase voltage U 'of the current working output voltage and the cable length l and the effective current I' of the cable satisfies the formula: />
Wherein U is i Phase voltage corresponding to a commercial power supply connected to the shore power supply input end; ρ is the resistivity of the currently selected cable, s is the sectional area of the currently selected cable, and I' can be calculated by the current instantaneous value detected by the current detection module 5.
Therefore, the current proper voltage is obtained through the voltage selector 3 under the two different conditions, and the current proper voltage is input into the servo motor 4 to realize the driving of the sliding contact on the three-phase sliding output end of the shore power supply module 1 through the servo motor 4, so that the current output voltage is properly changed, and the ship electrical equipment is ensured to work in the normal voltage range.
Specifically, the manual control input end of the servo motor 4 is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage selector 3, the automatic control input end is electrically connected with the output end of the controller 6, and the output shaft is in driving connection with a sliding contact on the sliding contact output end of the shore power module 1; and the servo motor 4 is controlled by the voltage selector 3 according to the current voltage (when the initial output voltage of the shore power module 1 is determined, the current voltage is the phase voltage U of the initial output voltage; in the process of outputting the voltage by the shore power module 1, the current voltage is the phase voltage U' of the working output voltage), so that the sliding contact is driven to move, and the output voltage of the shore power module is the current voltage.
In this embodiment, in order to convert the rotation motion of the output shaft of the servo motor 4 into the linear motion that drives the sliding contact to move up and down or move left and right, preferably, the output shaft 41 of the servo motor 4 drives the sliding contact on the output end of the shore power module 1 to perform the linear motion through a ball screw, and the voltage selector 3 and the controller 6 control to change the position of the sliding contact, so as to realize the adjustable output voltage of the shore power module 1. In this embodiment, the servo motor has only one part, and its output shaft is simultaneously connected with the sliding contact on the three-phase output end of the three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer through the ball screw, so as to realize synchronous driving of the sliding contact to perform linear motion. In addition, in other variant embodiments, the servo motor may have 3 parts, the output shaft of each servo motor is respectively connected with the sliding contact on the three-phase output end of the three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer through a ball screw in a driving way, and the operation of all the servo motors is synchronous, and the displacement and the direction of the operation are the same.
Specifically, the input end of the current detection module 5 is electrically connected with the output end of the shore power module 1, the output end is electrically connected with the input end of the controller 6, and the detected instantaneous current value flowing through the cable is transmitted to the controller 6. For optimizing control and improving control accuracy, preferably, the current detection module 5 includes 3 current transformers; and the 3 current transformers are respectively connected with three-phase output ends of the three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer.
Specifically, the controller 6 processes the instantaneous current value to obtain a corresponding control signal, and controls the running state of the servo motor 4 through the control signal, so as to drive the sliding contact on the sliding output end of the shore power module 1 to slide through the servo motor 4, and adjust the output voltage of the shore power module. In order to further improve the aggressiveness, practicality and versatility of the shore power usage, in this embodiment, preferably, the controller 6 is a pid controller 6, and it obtains the difference between the effective value of the instantaneous current value and the reference current value of the cable according to the instantaneous current value processing
And the difference between the current instantaneous current value and the previous instantaneous current value +.>
And according to the difference->
And->
Proportional, differential and integral processing are performed to obtain the control signal beta,/>
Wherein K is 1 Is a proportionality coefficient, K 2 For differentiating the link control coefficient, K 3 And controlling the coefficient for the integration link.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the effective current I' of the cable can be processed by the controller 6 according to the instantaneous current value, in this embodiment, if the input mains line voltage is 380V, the corresponding phase voltage is 220V, i.e. the proportionality coefficient +.>
And differential link control coefficient K 2 And integral link control coefficient K 3 Corresponding mathematical modeling is performed according to the requirements of the actual ship on the voltage adjustment precision, for example, when the requirements of the ship on the voltage adjustment precision and the adjustment speed are high, the differential link control coefficient K 2 And integral link control coefficient K 3 Taking an adaptive intermediate value, differentiating the link control coefficient K 2 And integral link control coefficient K 3 The value of (2) cannot be too high; when the voltage regulation precision requirement of the ship is high and the regulation speed requirement is low, the integral link control coefficient K is adaptively improved 3 Is adapted to reduce the differential link control coefficient K 2 Is a value of (2); when the voltage regulation precision requirement of the ship is low and the regulation speed requirement is high, the integral link control coefficient K is adaptively reduced 3 Is adapted to increase the differential link control coefficient K 2 Is a value of (2). The differential link control coefficient K is described below by way of example 2 And integral link control coefficient K 3 The acquisition principle of (a):
1) When the requirement on the voltage regulation speed is high and the requirement on the voltage regulation precision is not met, modeling is carried out, after the voltage output by the shore power supply module 1 at present is suddenly increased and reduced by 60%, the power factor is smaller than 0.4, and when the current voltage is restored to be within 15% of the required value, the corresponding coefficient is K 2 That is, in other words,
when the differential link control coefficient corresponding to the model established at the moment is K 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the integral link control coefficient K 3 Then can be according to K 2 Obtaining a proper value.
2) When there is no requirement on the voltage adjustment speed and the requirement on the voltage adjustment precision is highWhen the static voltage difference is less than 2.5%, the integral link control coefficient corresponding to the model is K 3 That is, in other words,
when the integral link control coefficient corresponding to the model established at the moment is K 3 And differential link control coefficient K 2 Then can be according to K 3 Obtaining a proper value.
3) When the requirement on the voltage adjustment speed is higher and the requirement on the voltage adjustment precision is higher, a proper model is established by combining the methods in the 1) and the 2) to obtain a proper differential link control coefficient K 2 And integral link control coefficient K 3 。
Further, when the absolute value of the control signal β is larger, it indicates that the voltage variation output by the shore power module 1 is larger; and, the positive and negative values of the control signal β correspond to the increase and decrease of the output voltage of the shore power module 1, respectively. Further, whether or not the servo motor 4 needs to start the operation of adjusting the voltage is determined by the voltage corresponding to the minimum operation voltage, which is the minimum voltage difference adjustment value of the ship load, and the corresponding minimum adjustment value is defined as β min . Preferably, the minimum adjustment value beta min When the voltage requirement stability precision of the electric load change of the ship electrical equipment is high and the action precision of the servo motor 4 is high, the value is 2V; the minimum adjustment value beta min When the voltage required stability precision by the change of the electrical load of the ship electrical equipment is low or the operation precision of the servo motor 4 is low, the value is 5V. Only when β >2V or β >5V, the servomotor 4 adjusts the output voltage of the shore power module 1.
The principle of the invention for regulating the voltage of the three-phase voltage-stabilizing and regulating transformer is briefly described as follows:
1) Cable length selection:
according to the linear distance between the shore power source and the berth of the ship in the tide/rising tide or in the inland lake when the ship rises and falls, cables with different lengths and without intermediate joints are selected to be connected between the ship and the shore power source, and the maximum power source capacity is less than the cable power source capacity and less than the shore power source capacity when the ship is berthed.
2) The shore power supply module 1 is stabilized and regulated:
the shore power module 1 adopts a three-phase voltage-stabilizing and voltage-regulating transformer, the primary side (i.e. the input end) of the shore power module is connected with 400V (high-voltage electricity can be connected when the capacity is large), the secondary side (i.e. the output end) can obtain 400-500V voltage through the movement of the sliding contact, and the three-phase voltage-stabilizing and voltage-regulating transformer has a voltage-stabilizing function, namely the voltage stabilization of the transformer is in the voltage variation range required by ship load when the sliding contact does not move.
3) Before the shore power module 1 outputs the initial voltage, the initial output voltage required by the shore power module 1 is determined by the voltage selection of the voltage selector 3, i.e., the voltage selection of the manual control input terminal of the servo motor 4):
in this embodiment, the commercial power supplied to the input end of the shore power module 1 is 400V, and the corresponding phase voltage U i 230V, the cable voltage is estimated
Next, the sliding contact port phase voltage U (U between 230 and 280V, corresponding to line voltage 400 to 500V), i.e., the +.>
If the cable is a copper cable, ρ is 0.0175; s (unit: square millimeter) selecting a cable with a proper cross-section area according to rated electric load of the ship, and can be found from related manuals; l (unit: meter) is cable length, and is selected according to the distance between the berth of the ship and shore power; the reference current of the currently selected cable is determined by the sectional area of the cable used, and can be found from a manual related to the reference current of the cable. Can be according to->
The voltage which needs to be output currently by the shore power module 1 is calculated, the work of the servo motor 4 is controlled manually through the voltage selector 3, and the servo motor 4 drives the sliding contact to move and controlThe initial output voltage of the shore power module 1 is made.
4-1) during the power supply process of the shore power module 1, the servo motor 4 is further automatically controlled by the proportional-differential integral controller 6:
A. and (3) current detection: the three-phase current is detected by a current transformer, and an instantaneous current value is supplied to the proportional-differential integral controller 6.
B. The proportion control signal beta is obtained through the calculation of an inverse proportion operational amplifier circuit 1 ，
And the proportion control is realized.
C. Differential control signal beta is obtained through differential operational amplifier circuit calculation 2 ，
Differential control is realized. Thus, when the load suddenly changes, the load voltage may exceed the allowable voltage change range of the ship load, and the proportional-differential integral controller 6 can restore the load voltage within the allowable voltage change range in a short time through differential control, so that the rapid voltage restoration can be realized through the differential control loop.
D. The integral control signal beta is obtained through calculation of an integral operational amplifier circuit 3 ，
And realizing integral control. This can prevent the voltage control from being deviated due to the failure of the proportional-differential integral controller 6 caused by the temperature, the proportional-differential integral controller 6 itself, and the small load change, that is, the control deviation can be corrected by the integral control loop.
E. A control signal beta for controlling the action of the servo motor 4 is obtained,
4-2) in the power supply process of the shore power module 1, when the voltage of the ship is too large to realize the rapid adjustment of the output voltage of the shore power module 1 only by the control signal beta, the servo motor 4 is further controlled manually by the voltage selector 3:
according to the formula
The voltage required to be output currently by the shore power module 1 is calculated, and a label corresponding to the voltage is input into the voltage selector 3, so that a corresponding control signal is input into the servo motor 4 through the voltage selector 3, and the servo motor 4 drives the sliding contact to move to adjust the output voltage of the shore power module 1.
Through the control of 4-1) and 4-2), the ship electrical equipment can work in a normal voltage range at any time and quickly, and the electricity utilization safety and the equipment safety are further ensured. In the above two controls, the pid controller 6 controls the servomotor 4 through the automatic control input terminal as long as no control signal is input to the manual control input terminal of the servomotor 4.
5) Action of the servo motor 4:
firstly, the servo motor 4 is manually controlled through the voltage determined by the voltage selector 3 in the step 3), so that the shore power module 1 outputs corresponding initial output voltage. Then, during the power supply of the shore power module 1, the ship voltage is automatically controlled by the proportional-differential integral control in 4-1) when the ship voltage is not changed greatly, and is manually controlled by the voltage selector 3 in 4-2) when the ship voltage is changed excessively. Then, after the servo motor 4 obtains a control signal, the rotation of the rotating shaft is converted into linear motion through the ball screw so as to drive the sliding contact to move up and down or move left and right, so that the sliding contact port obtains controllable three-phase voltage in the range of 400-500V, and the voltage can be controlled to rise or fall through forward rotation or reverse rotation of the servo motor 4, so that the acquisition of the signal and the rotation of the output signal of the servo motor 4 can be completed within 3 seconds, the voltage stabilizing time of the ship load is ensured, and the normal operation and the safety of equipment are not influenced.
When the device is used, the need is determined according to the berth where the ship is actually berthedAnd the lengths of the cables to be selected are selected, and then the same ends of the 3 selected cables are respectively and electrically connected with the sliding contacts on the three-phase output end. Subsequently, according to the formula
The current shore power supply module 1 is selected from the voltage selector 3 to output the initial voltage, and the initial voltage is input to the servo motor 4 through a manual control input end of the servo motor 4, so that the servo motor 4 is controlled to drive the sliding contact to move so as to control the shore power supply module 1 to output the corresponding initial output voltage. Then, the servo motor 4 is controlled to act and drive the sliding contact to move by the obtained control signal of the proportional-differential integral controller 6 or the voltage selector 4 in the power supply process, so that the servo motor 4 can automatically adjust the output voltage of the shore power supply module 1 according to the load change of an external ship.
In addition, the invention has other variant embodiments, such as:
the current detection module 5 and the controller 6 are removed, the servo motor 4 is controlled by the voltage selector 3 to output the initial output voltage of the shore power module 1, and the servo motor 4 is controlled by the voltage selector 3 to adjust the output voltage of the shore power module 1 in the power supply process of the shore power module 1. During the supply of the shore power module 1, the effective current I' of the cable can be obtained by means of an external current detection module.
Compared with the prior art, the long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device can select the cable with corresponding capacity and length according to the distance change between the shore power source and the ship berth during the water rising or water withering, the tide rising or tide shrinking, properly select the shore power output voltage through the servo motor, automatically adjust the shore power output voltage according to the load change, thereby ensuring that the ship load works in the normal voltage range, ensuring the use safety of the ship electrical equipment, prolonging the service life of the electrical equipment, effectively reducing the power loss of the cable and the workload of cable wiring, and improving the enthusiasm, the practicability and the universality of the shore power use. And the servo motor is controlled by proportional-differential integral according to the load current, the servo motor controls the sliding contact again, the output voltage of the shore power supply module is changed, the ship load voltage is stable, and the differential link and the integral link have the characteristics of high control speed and high control precision. Therefore, on one hand, the ship can be electrically operated in a safe voltage range, and the service life of the ship can be effectively prolonged. On the other hand, when the ship is berthed, due to the safe and reliable voltage, the confidence of the shipmen in receiving the shore power is increased, so that the number of the ships receiving the shore power is increased, and the energy conservation and the environmental protection in a larger range are realized.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device is characterized in that: the shore power supply system comprises a shore power supply module, a plurality of cables with different lengths, a voltage selector and a servo motor;
the input end of the shore power supply module is connected with a mains supply, and the output end of the sliding contact outputs voltage to external ship electrical equipment through a cable;
the cables with different lengths are respectively used for wiring the ship and the shore power supply at different distances;
the voltage selector obtains the current voltage required to be output by the shore power supply module according to the length of the currently selected cable; wherein,,
the relation between the phase voltage U of the initial output voltage and the reference current I of the cable satisfies the formula:
the relation between the phase voltage U 'of the current working output voltage and the cable length l and the effective current I' of the cable meets the requirement of the publicThe formula:
in U i The phase voltage corresponding to the commercial power connected to the shore power input end is represented by ρ, the resistivity of the currently selected cable, and s, the sectional area of the currently selected cable;
the manual control input end of the servo motor is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage selector, and the output shaft is in driving connection with a sliding contact on the sliding contact output end of the shore power supply module; and the servo motor is controlled by a voltage selector according to the current voltage, so that the sliding contact is driven to move, and the output voltage of the shore power supply module is the current voltage.
2. The long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a current detection module and a controller;
the input end of the current detection module is electrically connected with the output end of the shore power supply module, the output end of the current detection module is electrically connected with the input end of the controller, and the detected instantaneous current value flowing through the cable is transmitted to the controller;
the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the automatic control input end of the servo motor, a corresponding control signal is obtained through processing according to the instantaneous current value, the running state of the servo motor is controlled through the control signal, sliding of a sliding contact on the sliding output end of the shore power supply module is driven by the servo motor, and the output voltage of the shore power supply module is adjusted.
3. The long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 2, wherein: the controller processes the effective value of the instantaneous current value and the difference value of the reference current value of the cable according to the instantaneous current value
And the difference between the current instantaneous current value and the previous instantaneous current value +.>
And according to the difference->
And->
Proportional, differential and integral processing are performed to obtain the control signal beta,/>
Wherein K is 1 Is a proportionality coefficient, K 2 For differentiating the link control coefficient, K 3 And controlling the coefficient for the integration link.
4. A long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the shore power supply module is a three-phase voltage-stabilizing and voltage-regulating transformer, the minimum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output end of the sliding contact is equal to the input voltage, and the maximum value of the adjustable voltage of the three-phase output end of the sliding contact is 1.2-1.3 times of the input voltage; the current detection module comprises 3 current transformers; the 3 current transformers are respectively connected with three-phase output ends of the three-phase voltage stabilizing and regulating transformer; and at least 3 cables of each length specification among the plurality of cables of different lengths.
5. A long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the larger the absolute value of the control signal beta is, the larger the voltage change output by the shore power supply module is; and, positive and negative values of β correspond to increases and decreases, respectively, in the shore power module output voltage.
6. A long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the servo motor adjusts the output voltage of the shore power supply module only when beta is more than 2V or beta is more than 5V.
7. The long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 1, wherein: the length specification range of the cables with various lengths is 30 m-2000 m.
8. The long and short cable crimping shore power voltage control device according to claim 2, wherein: the output shaft of the servo motor drives the sliding contact on the sliding contact output end of the shore power supply module to conduct linear motion through the ball screw, and the voltage selector and the controller control the position of the sliding contact to be changed, so that the output voltage of the shore power supply module is adjustable.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103812136A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-05-21 | 广州航海学院 | Mobile shore power connection device |
| CN203895988U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-10-22 | 国家电网公司 | Shore power supply device having low-voltage intelligent reactive compensation function |
| CN105743212A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-06 | 浙江国华浙能发电有限公司 | Coastal electricity system for supplying power to ship, and electrical system for ship |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103812136A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-05-21 | 广州航海学院 | Mobile shore power connection device |
| CN203895988U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-10-22 | 国家电网公司 | Shore power supply device having low-voltage intelligent reactive compensation function |
| CN105743212A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-06 | 浙江国华浙能发电有限公司 | Coastal electricity system for supplying power to ship, and electrical system for ship |
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