CN106451423B - Energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network - Google Patents
Energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses energy collaboration methods between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network, comprising: continues to collect green energy resource from environment and is stored in each base station；Expense and real time data packet arrival rate are stored according to the green energy resource of each base station, calculates the indigenous energy best storage amount of each base station；According to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, each base station is classified as green energy resource supply base station and energy demand base station；Game is carried out between energy supply base station, and the extra green energy resource of energy supply base station is traded and gives energy demand base station.The present invention can make base station of base station under the premise of guaranteeing itself demand to the energy by itself a part of green energy resource cooperation transmission to green energy resource insufficient supply, so that participating in the green energy resource amount that cooperation uses reaches maximum, improve green energy resource utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication fields, particularly, are related in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network energy between base station
Source collaboration method.
Background technique
Demand with people to wireless access is constantly promoted, and wireless network scale constantly expands, and network is to traditional energy
The consumption of (i.e. non-renewable fossil energy) constantly rises.This brings huge economic pressures for network operator；Meanwhile
Generated carbon emission is also the problems such as ecological environment brings greenhouse effects in traditional energy use process.Now, using the sun
Can, the reproducible green energy resource such as wind energy, tide and biological energy source substitutes traditional energy, has become and produces including wireless communication
The sustainable development powering solution of all industries most prospect including industry, green energy resource power supply are obtained all over the world
It must apply.
The base station largely disposed in cellular radio is widely distributed in different ground as energy consumption equipment main in network
Area, and the green regenerative energy sources yield of diverse geographic location is different, thus, green energy resource workable for each base station
It measures not identical；Meanwhile network load amount dynamic change in time and space dimension, same base station is in different time load capacity
Difference, in the base station of same time different location, its load capacity is different.
It will appear that a part of load of base station amount is larger and situation that green energy resource amount is less in cellular network, need to make at this time
It is powered with traditional energy；A part of load of base station amount is less and situation that green energy resource is more, and green energy resource cannot fill at this time
Divide and utilizes and cause to waste.And in optimal situation, each base station is because load capacity is to the demand and green energy resource of the energy
Supply is equal.Therefore, the more sufficient base station of green energy resource can give a part of energy source to green energy by smart grid
The insufficient base station in source, makes the green energy resource in network be fully used, and makes the load capacity and green energy of each base station as far as possible
Source supply is consistent.
Intelligent power grid technology has been widely studied, and is applied all over the world in Europe, U.S. etc., peace
User equipped with intelligent electric meter can be carried out by more intelligent power supply network and other users and electricity provider
Information exchange keeps power supply more flexible.Information and electric power can make honeycomb by smart grid transmitted in both directions between base station
Green energy resource in network obtains more efficiently utilizing.
The cooperation transmission for carrying out green energy resource between multiple base stations, needs specific transmission method, makes green energy resource
Sufficient base station can either can guarantee to bear certainly by itself a part of energy source to the base station of green energy resource insufficient supply
Demand of the carrying capacity to the energy, on this basis, the green energy resource amount that participation cooperation uses are as big as possible, and existing green energy resource
There is no solve this solution to the problem between the base station of power supply.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to propose that the energy cooperates between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network
Method can make base station under the premise of guaranteeing demand of the own load amount to the energy by self residual green energy resource cooperation transmission
To the base station of green energy resource insufficient supply, so that participating in the green energy resource amount that cooperation uses reaches maximum.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
The present invention provides energy collaboration methods between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network, comprising:
Continue to collect green energy resource from environment and is stored in each base station；
Expense and real time data packet arrival rate are stored according to the green energy resource of each base station, calculates the indigenous energy of each base station
Best storage amount；
According to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, each base station is classified as energy supply base station
With energy demand base station；
Game is carried out between energy supply base station, and the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded and gives energy demand base
It stands.
Wherein, each base station includes green energy resource generating equipment and energy storage device；Continue to collect green energy resource from environment
And it is stored in each base station, continue the energy storage device collected green energy resource from environment and be stored in each base station for generating equipment
In, wherein green energy resource includes at least one of: solar energy, wind energy, water conservancy energy, geothermal energy, biological energy source, tide energy.
Wherein, expense and real time data packet arrival rate are stored according to each base station green energy resource, calculates the local of each base station
Energy best storage amount includes:
Data packet amount of reach is determined according to the real time data packet arrival rate of each base station；
Own load amount is determined according to data packet amount of reach；
The real-time consumption power of each base station is determined according to own load amount, channel gain and quality of service requirement threshold value；
Expense is stored according to base station real time load amount and green energy resource, calculates the local in each base station of a certain period of time
Energy best storage amount.
Also, data packet arrival process is Poisson process, and data packet amount of reach is to meet the probability distribution of Poisson distribution；From
Bearing carrying capacity is data packet amount of reach in certain period of time, and transmission power consumption is proportional to data packet amount of reach；Wireless channel ring
Border is the rayleigh fading channel environment with zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise, and channel gain is constant within a time cycle；
Quality of service requirement threshold value is data transmission rates threshold.
Meanwhile expense is stored according to real time load amount and green energy resource, calculate the sheet in each base station of a certain period of time
Ground energy best storage amount includes:
The unit source shortage cost and unit source for determining each base station store expense；
Storage expense expectation function is determined according to load capacity, unit source shortage cost and unit source storage charges；
The indigenous energy best storage amount in unit period is calculated according to storage expense expectation function.
Also, according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, each base station is classified as green energy
Base station and energy demand base station are supplied in source, are set to energy supply base for the amount of being locally stored is greater than indigenous energy best storage amount
It stands, the amount of being locally stored is less than indigenous energy best storage amount and is set to energy demand base station, wherein the supply of energy supply base station
Quantity of energy subtracts indigenous energy best storage amount for its amount of being locally stored, and the quantity of energy of energy demand base station demand is its indigenous energy
Best storage amount subtracts the amount of being locally stored.
Meanwhile game is carried out between green energy resource supply base station, and the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded to energy
Source demand base station includes:
According to the income of the energy total amount of energy demand base station demand and energy supply base station, determine energy transaction value and
Energy trading volume；
According to energy transaction value and energy demand efficiency, the revenue function of energy demand base station is determined；
According to own load amount and transmission cost weight, the service cost of energy supply base station is determined；
According to energy transaction value and service cost, the revenue function of energy supply base station is determined；
According to the revenue function of energy demand base station and the revenue function of energy supply base station with the progress of oligopoly model
Game, until obtaining Nash Equilibrium；
According to the scheme of Nash Equilibrium Solution, the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded and gives energy demand base station.
Also, oligopoly model is oligopoly Cournot model, and each energy supply base station is according to other energy supply bases
The historical data in the gambling process energy supply amount of standing, respectively determines energy supply amount as target to obtain maximum return, passes through
Multiple gambling process is crossed, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station reaches stationary value and obtains maximum return, wherein each energy
Supply base station provides respectively provide quantity of energy simultaneously, and obtains income according to the decision of all energy supply base stations.
Meanwhile oligopoly model is oligarch's Stackelberg model, each energy supply base station is supplied according to other energy
The historical data for answering base station energy supply amount in gambling process respectively determines energy supply as target to obtain maximum return
Amount, by multiple gambling process, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station reaches stationary value and obtains maximum return, wherein
A part of energy supply base station, which is first formulated, provides the strategy of quantity of energy, and base station is supplied according to first kinetic energy source in remaining energy supply base station
Strategy after formulate action strategy, and income is obtained according to the decision of all energy supply base stations.
From the above it can be seen that technical solution provided by the invention collects green energy by using lasting from environment
Source is simultaneously stored in each base station, stores expense and real time data packet arrival rate according to the green energy resource of each base station, calculates each
The indigenous energy best storage amount of base station, according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, by each base station
It is classified as energy supply base station and energy demand base station, carries out game between energy supply base station, and by energy supply base station
The technological means that the extra energy is traded to energy demand base station can make base station under the premise of guaranteeing itself demand to the energy
By itself a part of energy cooperation transmission to the base station of green energy resource insufficient supply, so that participating in the green energy resource amount that cooperation uses
Reach maximum.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is according to energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix of embodiment of the present invention power supply cellular network
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is according to energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix of embodiment of the present invention power supply cellular network
In one embodiment, the Cellular Networks illustraton of model of energy mix power supply；
Fig. 3 is according to energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix of embodiment of the present invention power supply cellular network
In one embodiment, the gambling process line chart based on oligopoly Cournot model；
Fig. 4 is according to energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix of embodiment of the present invention power supply cellular network
In one embodiment, the gambling process line chart based on oligopoly Stackelberg model；
Fig. 5 is according to energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix of embodiment of the present invention power supply cellular network
In one embodiment, green energy resource transaction total amount-energy supply person's quantity broken line comparison diagram of various energy resources coordination model.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention further progress understands, completely, describe in detail, it is clear that it is described
Embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field
Those of ordinary skill's every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, providing in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network energy cooperation part between base station
Method.
As shown in Figure 1, energy between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network of offer according to an embodiment of the present invention
Source collaboration method includes:
Step S101 continues to collect green energy resource from environment and is stored in each base station；
Step S103 calculates each base station according to each base station green energy resource carrying cost and real time data packet arrival rate
Indigenous energy best storage amount；
Each base station is classified as energy according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount by step S105
Base station and energy demand base station are supplied in source；
Step S107 carries out game between energy supply base station, and the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded to energy
Source demand base station.
Wherein, each base station includes generating equipment and energy storage device；Continue to collect green energy resource from environment and be stored in
Each base station continues from collection green energy resource in environment for generating equipment and is stored in the energy storage device of each base station, wherein
Green energy resource includes at least one of: solar energy, wind energy, water conservancy energy, geothermal energy, biological energy source, tide energy.
Wherein, expense and real time data packet arrival rate are stored according to each base station green energy resource, calculates the local of each base station
Energy best storage amount includes:
Data packet amount of reach is determined according to the real time data packet arrival rate of each base station；
Own load amount is determined according to data packet amount of reach；
The real-time consumption power of each base station is determined according to own load amount, channel gain and quality of service requirement threshold value；
The indigenous energy best storage amount of each base station is calculated according to carrying cost and time cycle.
Also, data packet arrival process is Poisson process, and data packet amount of reach is to meet the probability distribution of Poisson distribution；From
Bearing carrying capacity is data packet amount of reach in one time cycle of each base station, and transmission power consumption is proportional to load capacity；Wireless channel
Environment is the rayleigh fading channel environment with zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise, and channel gain is permanent within a time cycle
It is fixed；Quality of service requirement threshold value is data transmission rates threshold.
Meanwhile including: according to the indigenous energy best storage amount that carrying cost calculates each base station with the time cycle
The unit source shortage cost and unit source for determining each base station store expense；
Storage expense expectation function is determined according to load capacity, unit source shortage cost and unit source storage charges；
According to storage expense expectation function minimum value, the indigenous energy best storage amount in unit period is calculated.
Also, according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, each base station is classified as the energy and is supplied
Base station and energy demand base station are answered, is set to energy supply base station for the amount of being locally stored is greater than indigenous energy best storage amount, it will
The amount of being locally stored is less than indigenous energy best storage amount and is set to energy demand base station, wherein the energy of energy supply base station supply
Amount subtracts indigenous energy best storage amount for its amount of being locally stored, and the quantity of energy of energy demand base station demand is that its indigenous energy is best
Amount of storage subtracts the amount of being locally stored.
Meanwhile game is carried out between energy supply base station, and the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded need to the energy
The base station is asked to include:
It is handed over according to the income of all energy supply base stations, the energy total amount of all energy demand base stations demand and the energy
Easy efficiency determines energy transaction value；
According to energy transaction value and energy demand efficiency, the revenue function of energy demand base station is determined；
According to own load amount and transmission cost weight, the service cost of energy supply base station is determined；
According to energy transaction value and service cost, the revenue function of energy supply base station is determined；
According to the revenue function of energy demand base station and the revenue function of energy supply base station with the progress of oligopoly model
Game, until obtaining Nash Equilibrium；
According to the scheme of Nash Equilibrium Solution, the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded and gives energy demand base station.
Also, oligopoly model is oligopoly Cournot model, and each energy supply base station is according to other energy supply bases
The historical data in the gambling process energy supply amount of standing, respectively determines energy supply amount as target to obtain maximum return, passes through
Multiple gambling process is crossed, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station reaches stationary value and obtains maximum return, wherein each energy
Supply base station provides respectively provide quantity of energy simultaneously, and obtains income according to the decision of all energy supply base stations.
Meanwhile oligopoly model is oligarch's Stackelberg model, each energy supply base station is supplied according to other energy
The historical data for answering base station energy supply amount in gambling process respectively determines energy supply as target to obtain maximum return
Amount, by multiple gambling process, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station reaches stationary value and obtains maximum return, wherein
A part of energy supply base station, which is first formulated, provides the strategy of quantity of energy, and base station is supplied according to first kinetic energy source in remaining energy supply base station
Strategy after formulate action strategy, and income is obtained according to the decision of all energy supply base stations.
Below according to the specific embodiment technical characteristic that the present invention is further explained.
Fig. 2 shows be energy mix power supply honeycomb pessimistic concurrency control.As shown in Fig. 2, in cellular network base station be equipped with it is green
Color energy power supply unit, including solar panel, wind power plant etc. to generate green electric power supply, and have green energy resource
Store equipment.Meanwhile cellular network still has conventional electric power supply, as the supplement of green energy resource, network green energy resource not
In the case where enough, network stabilization is maintained to run using conventional electric power.Smart grid, which is used as, provides conventional electric power confession to cellular network
The power supply network answered, while the channel as the transmission of base station medium aquamarine electric power energy.In embodiments of the present invention, Cellular Networks
Base station (Base Station, abbreviation BS) i in network is denoted as BSi, it is shown below in the energy supply of time t:
Ei (t)=Si (t)+Wi (t)
Energy supply amount Ei (t) consists of two parts, respectively green energy resource Si (t) and conventional electric power supply energy source Wi
(t), supplement when traditional energy Wi (t) is as green energy resource shortage.Green energy resource Si (t) is by base station SiIt itself generates and stores
Green energy resource REGi (t) and come from and the energy COji (t) that cooperates of other base stations j (being denoted as BSj):
Wherein, COji (t) can be positive value, indicate base station BSiItself green energy resource yield is insufficient, needs other base stations
BSj transmits green energy resource and carries out collaboration supply, and the base station number that can provide the energy is N；COji (t) can be negative value, indicate base
Stand BSiThere is residue in itself green energy resource excess, green energy resource, can transmit the remaining energy to other base stations.For every
One base station, itself generates and the green energy resource REGi (t) stored and the total quantity of energy Si (t) that can be stored are real-time
Variation, specific value passes through intelligent electric meter real-time detection and records.
Theoretical according to wireless communication and communication network, the Wireless Channel Modeling between base station and service terminal is Bandwidth-Constrained
Power limited Gaussian channel；Each load of base station amount is calculated with the data volume for reaching base station, and data packet arrival process is modeled as mooring
Loose process.In embodiments of the present invention, data packet reaches base station BSiProcess be Poisson process, when data packet arrival rate be μ (μ
>=0) when, then the data packet number k reached within the period [t, t+ τ] is to obey the random change that parameter is μ × τ Poisson distribution
Amount, parameter μ × τ value are the desired value of the data packet number reached, i.e. load capacity.The probability-distribution function of variable k are as follows:
Since base station consumption electricity is mainly used for transmission power, quantity of energy needed for base station and load capacity to be dealt with
It is directly proportional, t at any time, base station BSiRequired quantity of energy DiIt (t) is also Poisson process.Base is reached within the period [t, t+ τ]
Stand BSiData packet amount be stochastic variable k when, required quantity of energy d be d=dk=a × k and one obedience Poisson distribution with
Machine variable, a is that base station handles the quantity of energy expended needed for each data packet herein.When processing load capacity is k, required energy d=
dkProbability be denoted asIt can obtain:
When data packet arrival rate μ changes over time ground,And pk(τ) also changes with μ accordingly.
For base station BSi, base station transmitting power size mainly determined by bandwidth, message transmission rate and quality of wireless channel
It is fixed.The Wireless Channel Modeling of mobile subscriber to base station is the rayleigh fading channel with zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise.Channel
Noise variance is σ2, mobile subscriber z to base station BSiChannel gain be hz, Rayleigh fading paths loss and channel gain are at one
Constant, user's z data transfer rate are set as in transmit cycle are as follows:
Wherein, PzFor the transmission power of base station.User's z data transfer rate is rzWhen, base station BSiTransmission power are as follows:
Under certain channel quality, in order to guarantee the service quality in message transmission rate, user data transmission speed
Rate rzNeed to reach certain threshold value, this just needs the transmission power P of base stationzReach certain threshold value.There are Z in base station
In the case where user, period [t, t+ τ] interior total energy consumption are as follows:Since transmission power is base station energy consumption
Most important part, " power " and " energy " refers to same thing in embodiments of the present invention.According to the respective of Z different user
Requirement of the application to data transfer rate and user radio channel quality adjust transmission power, user z (z=0,1 ..., Z. { Z ∈ Z+) data transfer rate threshold value be Rz, channel quality hzFor HzWhen, base station total energy consumption are as follows:
A branch of the inventory theory as operational research, is mainly used to solve the problems, such as that supply and demand is not reciprocity.In commodity
In sales process, difference is constantly present between the market demand and the supply of goods, theory of storage is used as and is buffered in supply and demand
Between set up bridge, reduce the uncertainty of difference between the two.One storing process contains demand, supply, deposits
Four aspects of storage strategy and storage expense.Storage expense c includes four parts, initial cost, storage expense, shortage cost and buying
Cost.The target of storage is exactly to formulate storage strategy to determine best storage amount S, is preferably minimized storage expense.For honeycomb
The base station that each energy mix is powered in network, green energy resource as supply, the energy needed for the load in base station as demand,
The green energy resource yield and loading demand of each base station are variable, are had differences between the two, therefore pass through energy storage
It can make to supply meet demand as far as possible.It stores each time, in fact it could happen that following three kinds of situations:
(1) S < d: amount of storage is less than demand, and generating shortage cost at this time is (d-S) × CS, CSFor unit shortage cost.
(2) S=d: energy best storage amount.The energy stored at this time is just met for demand.
(3) S > d: amount of storage is more than demand, and generating storage expense at this time is (S-d) × CH, CHExpense is stored for unit.
In embodiments of the present invention, the article for needing to store is green energy resource, since the green energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy can
Purchase cost with Free Acquisition, thus the energy is zero；Initial cost is expense needed for deployment green energy resource generates equipment, if
Standby one is deployed, is no longer needed for considering in energy storage hereafter, thus initial cost is constant value.Therefore, base station into
It is main it is envisaged that shortage penalty cost and storage charges when row green energy resource stores.Shortage cost is embodied in green energy resource amount of storage not
Cost caused by needing to power using conventional electric power when sufficient；Storage expense is embodied in the cost of equipment of the storage energy, green energy
Memory capacity bigger cost of equipment in source is higher.When the Random Variable Distribution Function P (d) of required quantity of energy d is it is known that only consider to deposit
When storage expense and shortage cost, expense desired value is stored are as follows:
For each base station, the best storage amount of green energy resource is to the storage for keeping storage expense desired value minimum
Measure S.And for any base station BSi, there are two kinds of relationships by best storage amount S and the green energy resource amount REGi (t) itself generated:
(1) S < REGi (t), best storage amount are less than green energy resource yield, and base station green energy resource generates residue,Green energy resource supplier of the base station as other base stations at this time can incite somebody to action oneself
Body residue green energy resource is transferred to the insufficient base station of green energy resource；
(2) S >=REGi (t), best storage amount are greater than green energy resource yield, and base station itself green energy resource is insufficient,Green energy resource demander of the base station as other base stations at this time, needs other
Green energy resource has remaining base station to assist one green energy resource of transmissionAs supplement.
Between base station green energy resource cooperation is stored as green energy resource supply loading demand between set up bridge, pass through by
A part of green energy resource that remaining base station occurs in green energy resource is transferred to the insufficient base station of green energy resource by smart grid, makes
Each participates in its green energy resource of base station of energy cooperation for should be able to sustainedly and stably meet loading demand, green no longer occurs
The situation of energy waste or green energy resource insufficient supply.
For the progress for promoting the energy to cooperate, energy supply person needs to need in itself a part of green energy resource of offer to the energy
Income is obtained during the person of asking and avoids risk.This is because after green energy resource is transferred to energy demand person by energy supply person
Cannot return again, and energy supply person after it is possible that load capacity increase, mobile subscriber's channel quality be deteriorated etc. lead to energy
The situation of source shortage, the energy can also generate loss in transmission process.Therefore, a certain amount of when being proposed in face of an energy requirement person
Green energy resource request when, it is all participate in energy supplies base stations all can be according to the energy that certain strategy decision respectively provides
Amount, by it is valuable sell the energy in a manner of, it is ensured that itself obtains maximum benefit.Each energy supply person according to own situation with
Other energy supply persons can provide the case where quantity of energy and make a decision and to obtain maximum return as target, and all energy supply
The person of answering enters in the relationship of mutual check and balance, has codetermined the best energy supply amount and energy of each energy supply person
The price that source is sold, to achieve the purpose that all energy supply persons can obtain oneself maximum return.All energy supply persons
One gambling process is constituted for the decision of green energy resource offer amount and commercial value.
Three elements are contained to the definition of a gambling process, a certain number of decision participants, participants are in phase
The decision and decision bring income formulated in the case where mutually restricting or punishment:
Decision participant, M=0,1 ..., m. { m ∈ Z+}；
The decision that participant is done, A1,...,Am；
Benefit brought by decision, f1(a1,...,am),...,fm(a1,...,am).
Gambling process is denoted as, G={ A1,...,Am；f1,...,fm}.Green energy resource supplies base station BSiAs in gambling process
Decision participant, the offer determined according to self energy amount of storage and load capacity situation and other energy supply base stations
The amount of the energy formulates oneself and provides the best decision a of quantity of energyj *, obtain itself benefit maximum value fj(a1,...,aj *,...,
am).With base station BSiSimilar, other m-1 participant selects that the decision of itself benefit can be maximized.It is green for arbitrarily participating in
The base station BS of color energy supplyiIf meeting following formula,
fj(a1 *,...,aj *,…,am *)≥fj(a1 *,...,aj,…,am *)
Then game is claimed to reach Nash Equilibrium.At this point, the best decision of all participants is that each participant brings most
Big income, that is to say, that any one participant is unable to only just itself benefit can be made to become larger by changing itself strategy.
The present invention is building the decision process of green energy resource supply and price between the base station of participation energy supply
Mould is rich for Complete Information (for each decision participant, known to the history decision information of other participants) oligopoly
Model is played chess, each process of exchange is obtained on the basis of maximizing energy supply person's benefit by the solution to Nash Equilibrium Solution
In the quantity of energy that provides of each energy supply person and the energy cooperate total amount.It cooperates with the non-energy and static cooperation mode phase
Than the green of entire cellular network can be improved in the energy mode of doing business based on Static Game and dynamic game that the present invention designs
Energy cooperation amount, to improve green energy resource utilization rate.
The solution that the embodiment of the present invention proposes includes two steps.Firstly, each base station uses (s, S) storage strategy
Calculate the best storage amount of the green energy resource in a time cycle；Then, multiple base stations for having remaining green energy resource and the energy
The base station of shortage carries out energy transaction using oligopoly game (based on Cournot model and Stackelberg model).
Base station BSiIt is I in the green energy resource yield of time t.According to (s, S) storage strategy, when I is lower than minimum storage value
When s, then need to increase energy storage to amount of storage S.The calculating of energy storage value is carried out within each time cycle, works as energy demand
Amount be one change over time ground stochastic variable when, the value of s and S also change over time accordingly, and storage strategy is denoted as (s (t), S
(t)).Each of cellular network base station executes (s, S) storage strategy, solves energy storage corresponding with own load amount
Amount.
Base station BSiData packet arrival rate be μ (μ >=0), BS is reached within the period [t, t+ τ]iData packet amount k be clothes
From the stochastic variable for the Poisson distribution that parameter is μ × τ.Data packet number to be treated is discrete value { 1,2,3 ..., n }, often
One data packet needs the energy of a unit to go to handle, then base station BSiRequired quantity of energy d and load capacity to be treated
Directly proportional and discrete value { d1,d2,d3,…,dn}.S and S value from the discrete values of required quantity of energy, when S is equal to daWhen,
It is denoted as Sa, (0≤a≤n).At each is stored the period for each base station, energy storage amount is the storage expense desired value of S
For following formula:
Wherein p (d) is the probability distribution of energy demand d, CPURExpense is paid for green energy resource unit.P (d) is brought into
Formula above obtains the corresponding storage expense desired value expression formula of each amount of storage S:
Work as S=Sa=da, obtain following derivation:
It willIt is denoted as F (Sa), it willIt is denoted as F.So, the value of F is between 0 and 1, that is, (0
≤F≤1).Formula above is expressed as follows again,
ΔC(Sa)=(F (Sa)-F)×(CS+CS)×ΔSa
Herein, (CS+CS)×ΔSa>=0, and F (Sa) with a monotonic increase.ΔC(Sa) value it is positive and negative depend on F (Sa)-
F, that is to say, that Δ C (Sa) it is also monotonic increase.
According to the distribution function of stochastic variable k, arrival data packet number is 1 within the period [t, t+ τ] and the probability of n is
p1(τ) and pn(τ), two values all very littles.NoteDue to p1The value of (τ) is very small, then F
(S1)=p1(τ) < F.Similarly F (Sn-1)=1-pn(τ) > F, it is, pn(τ) < 1-F.So, we just obtain following
Formula:
ΔC(S1)=(F (S1)-F)×(CH+CS)×ΔS1
=(p1-F)(CH+CS)×ΔS1< 0
ΔC(Sn-1)=(F (Sn-1)-F)×(CH+CS)×ΔSn-1
=(1-pn-F)(CH+CS)×ΔSn-1> 0
It is known that Δ C (Sa) with a monotonic increase, and its value is gradually to be incremented by one from a negative value
Positive value, correspondingly, C (Sa) value first increase and then reduce again.Accordingly, there exist a valuesSo that C (Sa) get
Minimum value.Herein, a*Value is from { 0,1,2 ..., n }.S*Make following two formula simultaneously while setting up:
It is,
It is,
By derivation above, the storage the smallest best storage amount S* of expense desired value is asked from following formula
Solution obtains:
There are following analysis, base station BS for the solution of green energy resource amount of storage minimum value siCurrent green energy resource amount of storage
When I reaches storage value baseline s, do not increase storage expense desired value brought by amount of storage should be less than amount of storage is increased to
S*, it is expressed by formula, i.e., following formula:
It is,
As s=S*, above formula is obviously set up, therefore at least one minimum storage value s exists.It is green due to needing to store
The color energy is free resource, therefore initial cost cseWith payment expense CPURIt can ignore.It corresponds in formula above, also
It is cse=0 and CPUR=0, it can be concluded that, storage value baseline s is equal to best storage amount S at this time*.That is, for each
A base station, in each storage period, when energy storage amount is lower than best stored value S*When, it is necessary to increase energy storage amount and arrives
S*。
By the calculating of the best green energy resource amount of storage in each base station, the base station with green energy resource surplus
The green energy resource of self residual is transferred to the base station of energy shortage by smart grid.Each participates in providing green energy resource
Base station, which needs to be formulated according to the case where base station of itself and other participation green energy resource supplies, will provide quantity of energy.It is all to mention
A gambling process is constituted in the decision of green energy resource offer amount and price for the base station of green energy resource.In order to ensure game
Journey has Nash Equilibrium Solution, and gambling process needs meet some requirements, and the embodiment of the present invention also will to the design of betting model
It goes to complete premised on the presence of Nash Equilibrium Solution.
According to game theory theory, by verifying whether this gambling process meets following three conditions, a game is judged
Process whether there is Nash Equilibrium Solution:
(1) participant's number n is finite value；
(2) set of strategies (the action collection of participant) { Ai... } and it is Closed bourded convex set；
(3) revenue function (participant's action bring income) is continuous and intends recessed.
The first two condition readily satisfies, and in order to obtain Nash Equilibrium Solution in a gambling process, most critical is exactly to set
Revenue function is counted, the recessed condition of continuous Quasi is met.The present invention is based on oligopoly Cournot models and this tank of oligopoly that primary
Lattice model, in strict accordance with condition design betting model existing for Nash Equilibrium Solution, and emphasis describes the design of revenue function
Process ensure that the betting model that the present invention designs has Nash Equilibrium Solution.
Oligopoly Cournot model form is as follows: firstly, all participants take action simultaneously, it is Static Game；Then,
Each participant obtains income according to the strategy that all participants are taken.In game each time, each participant knows it
The historical information of the gambling process of his participant, and the revenue function of each participant is public for all participants
The information opened.The design of gambling process needs to consider the specific properties of cellular network, participates in green energy resource supply for each
Base station BSi, green energy resource is provided and gives green energy resource insufficient base station, revenue function is,
fs(pi)=qpi-C(pi)
Herein, piFor base station BSiDetermine the green energy resource amount provided, q is to provide the price of the energy, C (pi) it is to sell the energy
Measure piGenerated cost function.The price q for selling the energy depends on the green of all base stations offers for participating in green energy resources supply
Situations such as quantity of energy needed for color energy total amount and the insufficient base station of green energy resource and own load, channel quality.All ginsengs
The green energy resource total amount and energy prices precise relation that can be provided with the base station of green energy resource supply can be from energy demand persons
Revenue function in derive, the present invention devises the revenue function of energy demand node,
Herein,For the energy efficiency of energy demand person, it is defined as the data transfer rate of energy demand base station and is used for transmission
The ratio of power needed for data.Work as base station BSiWhen middle number of users is Z, energy efficiency expression formula is as follows,
The revenue function f of energy demand nodedIt (p) is secondary quasiconcave function, there are maximum values.Energy requirement nodes revenue
The maximum value of function, by revenue function fdIt (p) is zero to the first derivative value of power p,
The maximum value of energy requirement nodes revenue function is obtained, and has obtained obtaining price and the pass of quantity of energy of the energy
System,
By the energy efficiency of energy demanderExpression formula is brought into above formula, and available energy supply node is provided
Quantity of energy amount and energy prices relationship,
Obtain energy supply base station person's revenue function fs(pi)=qpi-C(pi) accurate expression formula, it is also necessary to according to mixed
Sell quantity of energy p in the characteristics of closing energy power supply cellular network design green energy resource supply base stationiGenerated cost function C (pi)。
The load of the processing as needed for each base station in cellular network be it is time-varying, the channel quality of mobile subscriber is also one
Directly becoming, the demand of the energy is also constantly being changed, each has the base station of remaining green energy resource to pass the remaining energy of oneself
It is defeated by after the node of energy shortage caused by itself may facing since load capacity increases or user channel quality is deteriorated etc.
The situation of energy deficiency, thus each base station for providing green energy resource will accept the risk, according to the sale energy for the energy
Supply the influence that base station generates, cost function C (pi) as follows,
Herein, DiFor base station BSiLoad capacity；Pi reqFor required quantity of energy；DiTo be stored in base station BSiGreen energy resource
Amount；ki (s)For base station BSiEnergy utilization rate, be expressed asW is the weight of cost function, w value
Bigger expression base station BSiDistance apart from energy demand base station is remoter, it means that more the electric energy of long range transmits bring energy
Amount loss is bigger.By cost function C (pi) it is brought into energy supply person's revenue function fs(pi)=qpi-C(pi) in, obtain the energy
Supply the revenue function of base station
The oligopoly Cournot model that the present invention designs, gambling process are as follows: the supply of each energy supply node is identical
The price of the energy of price and quality, supply energy source becomes with demand.Each energy supply person formulates energy supply amount and adopts
The action taken is based on selfish and disoperative principle, and the gambling process between all energy supply person's nodes is exactly each self-determination
Surely source supply.Each energy supply node participates in providing quantity of energy in energy supply node gambling process according to other
Historical data determines the best sale amount of oneself to obtain maximum return as target.All suppliers provide respective offer simultaneously
Quantity of energy, and the income of oneself is obtained according to the decision that all participants are made.By multiple gambling process, all energy are supplied
Person enters steady state, each energy supply person is provided the stationary value of quantity of energy, and under this stable state,
All energy supply persons obtain optimal benefit, that is, have been finally reached Nash Equilibrium.
Specifically, as follows based on oligopoly Cournot model algorithm flow:
(1) determine that the base station number for participating in providing green energy resource is M:for i=1:M
(2) base station BS is determinediRevenue function:
(3) p when revenue function value maximum is solvedi:
(4) by by pjHistorical data be brought into (3) step, obtain base station BSiProvided quantity of energy pi。
Thus, the green energy resource amount that M green energy resource supply base station provides is respectively as follows: { p1,p2,…,pM}；It provides
The price of green energy resource:
It is a kind of Complete Information Dynamic Game based on oligopoly Stackelberg model.Each green energy resource supplies
Answer the revenue function of base station and demand base station and wireless channel model and oligopoly Cournot model be it is the same, difference
Be in gambling process: in oligopoly Stackelberg model, a part of green energy resource supply base station, which is first formulated, to be mentioned
For the strategy of quantity of energy, made after the strategy that another part green energy resource supply node is taken according to the node first taken action
Determine action strategy.Compared with the oligopoly Cournot model made decision simultaneously, oligopoly Stackelberg model embodies
First-mover's advantages.
Specifically, as follows based on oligopoly Stackelberg model algorithm flow:
(1) determining that the base station number for participating in providing green energy resource is m+n, wherein the base station number first taken action is m,
The base station number taken action afterwards is n:forx=1:m i=1:n
(2) the quantity of energy p that the energy supply base station taken action after solving is soldi:
Each energy supply base station first taken action determines the green energy resource amount B providedxIt is known that so all first adopt
The green energy resource total amount for taking the base station of action to provide isThe base station number taken action afterwards is n, after the base station taken action
BSiRevenue function:
The base station BS taken action afterwardsiQuantity of energy p is sold when revenue function value maximumi:By by pj
Historical data bring into, obtain pi。
(3) the quantity of energy B that the energy supply node first taken action provides is solvedx。
By the quantity of energy that the energy supply person to take action after n in the first step provides be added to obtain it is all after take action
Base station provide quantity of energy total value:The revenue function for the energy supply base station first taken action are as follows:
The quantity of energy B that the energy supply base station taken action after when revenue function value maximum providesx:
(4) by BxIt is brought into the p of (2) stepiIn, the quantity of energy for the m energy supply node offer first taken action
pi。
The m green energy resource supply base stations first taken action and the n green energy resource supply base stations first taken action provide
Green energy resource amount be respectively as follows: { B1,B2,…,Bm,p1,p2,…,pn}；
It is provided the price of green energy resource:
It is compared for convenience of with the oligopoly betting model that designs of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention uses following green
Color energy static cooperation model is as a comparison:
(1) base station BSiRevenue function:
Each base station for providing green energy resource uses identical strategy, and the energy supply amount provided is identical, revenue function
For,
(2) p when revenue function value maximum is solvedi:Obtain each green energy resource supply base station
The quantity of energy p soldi。
When the insufficient base station of a quantity of energy proposes a certain amount of energy demand, all base stations for participating in energy supplies into
Enter gambling process and provides suitable green energy resource supply.If the energy magnitude that all each energy supply persons provide is passing through
It crosses continuous game three times to remain unchanged later, means that this gambling process is equalized solution.The game of non-renewable energy transaction
Journey is divided into following steps:
The base station of (1) energy deficiency proposes the request of the purchase energy, and sends this information to energy supply section
Point；
(2) base station as green energy resource supplier receives the request of energy demand, into the state of decision, with all energy
It supplies base station and quantity of energy to be offered and price is determined by gambling process；
(3) when all green energy resources supply base station gambling process reaches stable state, that is, gambling process is received
When assorted equilibrium solution, stop game；
(4) the green energy resource amount for the offer that each green energy resource supply base station is determined according to gambling process, by green energy
Source is transferred to energy requirement base station；
(5) energy demand base station receives the green energy resource of energy supply node offer.Non-renewable energy transaction terminates.
The experiment proves that the cooperation of the energy provided by embodiment of the present invention scheme can effectively promote energy mix power supply
Cellular network Green energy trading volume and cellular network green energy resource utilization rate.
In embodiments of the present invention, base station uses the ISM band of 916MHz, data transfer rate 40kbits/s, base station BSi?
The data volume desired value value that one period period [t, t+ τ] reaches is 5,10,20, indicates that load of base station amount size variation is more
Kind situation.When the expense of storage is fewer than shortage cost, unit storage expense is set as CH=1, unit shortage penalty cost CS=4, the existing energy
I is two unit sources.Correspondingly, can be set unit storage expense value be greater than shortage penalty cost value come characterize storage expense compared with
High situation.Base station BSiThe threshold value for being supplied to user's z data transfer rate is set as, rz=40kbits, bandwidth bi=10MHz, additive Gaussian
Power Spectrum of White Noise density N0=-50dBm, the cost function weight w=0.5 that is energy in green energy resource transmission process
50%, D is losti=15, Pi req/Si=120W/160W.These parameters are brought into the oligopoly Gu Nuomo that the present invention designs
In type and oligopoly Stackelberg model, and as a comparison with static energy collaboration method above-mentioned.
In oligopoly Cournot model, participates in the situation that green energy resource supply number of base stations is 4 and carries out numerical simulation,
Provided quantity of energy history value is respectively 29.5W, 21.6W, 24.7W, 23.4W.Fig. 3 is shown based on oligopoly Gu
The gambling process line chart of promise model, in oligopoly Gu promise gambling process, as shown in figure 3, after five games, four
Green energy resource supplier is provided and obtains equilibrium solution, the quantity of energy provided starts to remain stable in the 6th game.
Based in oligopoly Stackelberg model, the case where there are six base station participates in green energy resource supply, is carried out
Numerical simulation is taken capable wherein three base stations first take action and generate strategy behind three base stations, base station provides green energy resource
History value is respectively 29.5W, 21.6W, 24.7W, 23.4W, 20.4W, 26.4W.Fig. 4 is shown based on oligopoly Si Tanke
The gambling process line chart of your Burger model, in oligopoly stackelberg gambling process, as shown in figure 4, six energy
After five games, three are first moved person and reach a stationary value source supplier, and person is moved after three and reaches a stationary value, from the
Six games start, and the quantity of energy that energy supply person provides keeps stablizing, and obtain equilibrium solution.
Meanwhile the present invention carries out numerical simulation to the case where having ten base stations participation green energy resource supplies.Fig. 5 is shown
Different energy sources coordination model energy transaction total amount comparison diagram, as shown in figure 5, using ancient based on oligopoly designed by the present invention
Promise game and stackelberg game energy Trading Model, can be substantially improved green energy compared to static energy coordination model
Source trading volume effectively improves the green energy resource utilization rate of the cellular network of energy mix power supply.The present invention design two kinds rich
It plays chess in model, is higher than ancient promise game using based on green energy resource trading volume caused by the game of oligopoly stackelberg,
This illustrates dynamic game performance better than Static Game.In both cases based on the game of oligopoly stackelberg, the energy
Total amount of trading is also different: where oligopoly stackelberg game 1 is the energy supply person's quantity first taken action
M=1, the energy supply person's quantity n to take action afterwards rise to 9 from 1；Oligopoly stackelberg game 2 is taken action after being
Energy supply person quantity n=1, the energy supply person's quantity m first to take action rises to 9 from 1.
In the identical situation of base station number for participating in energy supply, oligopoly stackelberg game 2, that is, first
When the energy supply person that the energy supply person's quantity taken action is taken action after being more than, green energy resource transaction total amount highest, this
Reflect the First-mover's advantages of stackelberg betting model.
In conclusion collecting green energy resource from environment by using lasting by means of above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention
And it is stored in each base station, expense and real time data packet arrival rate are stored according to the green energy resource of each base station, calculate each base
The indigenous energy best storage amount stood, according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, by each base station point
Class is energy supply base station and energy demand base station, carries out game between energy supply base station, and by the more of energy supply base station
The technological means that complementary energy source is traded to energy demand base station can make base station will under the premise of guaranteeing itself demand to the energy
Itself a part of energy cooperation transmission is reached to the base station of green energy resource insufficient supply so that participating in the green energy resource amount that cooperation uses
To maximum.
It should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and
It is not used in the limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done,
It should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. energy collaboration method between base station in a kind of energy mix power supply cellular network characterized by comprising
The base station for being equipped with green energy resource power supply unit continues to collect green energy resource from environment and is stored in each base station；
Expense and real time data packet arrival rate is locally stored according to each base station, calculates the indigenous energy best storage of each base station
Amount；
According to the green energy resource amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy best storage amount, each base station is classified as green energy resource
Supply base station and energy demand base station；
The green energy resource supply carries out game between base station, and the extra green energy resource of energy supply base station is traded to energy
Source demand base station.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein each base station includes generating equipment and energy storage device；Continue
Green energy resource is collected from environment and is stored in each base station, is continued to collect green energy resource from environment and be deposited for generating equipment
Be stored in the energy storage device of each base station, wherein the green energy resource includes at least one of: solar energy, wind energy, water conservancy energy,
Geothermal energy, biological energy source, tide energy.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein storing expense and real time data according to each base station green energy resource
Packet arrival rate, the indigenous energy best storage amount for calculating each base station include:
Data packet amount of reach is determined according to the real time data packet arrival rate of each base station；
Own load amount is determined according to the data packet amount of reach；
The real-time consumption power of each base station is determined according to the own load amount, channel gain and quality of service requirement threshold value；
The indigenous energy best storage amount of each base station is calculated in period regular hour according to the base station real time load amount.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, data packet arrival process is Poisson process, the data packet
Amount of reach is to meet the probability distribution of Poisson distribution；The own load amount is the data packet amount of reach of each base station, transmission power
Consumption is proportional to load capacity；Wireless channel environment is the rayleigh fading channel environment with zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise,
Channel gain is constant in one time cycle；The quality of service requirement threshold value is data transmission rates threshold.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, being calculated respectively according to the real time load amount and storage charges
Base station includes: in the indigenous energy best storage amount of a certain period of time
The unit source shortage cost and unit source for determining each base station store expense；
Storage expense expectation function is determined according to the load capacity, unit source shortage cost and unit source storage charges；
The indigenous energy best storage amount in unit period is calculated according to the storage expense expectation function.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, best according to the amount of being locally stored of each base station and indigenous energy
Each base station is classified as green energy resource supply base station and energy demand base station, is that the green energy resource amount of being locally stored is big by amount of storage
It is set to energy supply base station in indigenous energy best storage amount, the green energy resource amount of being locally stored is less than indigenous energy best storage
Amount is set to energy demand base station, wherein the green energy resource amount of energy supply base station supply subtracts indigenous energy for its amount of being locally stored
Best storage amount, the quantity of energy of energy demand base station demand are that its indigenous energy best storage amount subtracts the amount of being locally stored.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the green energy resource supply base station between carry out game, and
The extra energy of energy supply base station is traded and includes: to energy demand base station
It is traded and is imitated according to the income of all energy supply base stations, the energy total amount of all energy demand base stations demand and the energy
Rate determines energy transaction value and trading volume；
According to the energy transaction value and energy demand efficiency, the revenue function of energy demand base station is determined；
According to the own load amount and transmission cost weight, the service cost of energy supply base station is determined；
According to the energy transaction value and service cost, the revenue function of energy supply base station is determined；
According to the revenue function of the energy demand base station and the revenue function of energy supply base station with the progress of oligopoly model
Game, until obtaining Nash Equilibrium；
According to the scheme of Nash Equilibrium Solution, the extra energy of energy supply base station is traded and gives energy demand base station.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the oligopoly model be oligopoly Cournot model,
Each energy supply base station is according to the historical datas of other energy supply base station energy supply amounts in gambling process, to obtain maximum
Income is that target respectively determines energy supply amount, and by multiple gambling process, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station reaches
Stationary value simultaneously obtains maximum return, wherein each energy supply base station provides simultaneously respectively provides quantity of energy, and according to all energy
The decision that base station is supplied in source obtains income.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the oligopoly model is oligarch's stackelberg mould
Type, each energy supply base station is according to the historical datas of other energy supply base station energy supply amounts in gambling process, to obtain
Maximum return is that target respectively determines energy supply amount, by multiple gambling process, the offer quantity of energy of each energy supply base station
Reach stationary value and obtain maximum return, wherein a part of energy supply base station, which is first formulated, provides the strategy of quantity of energy, complementary energy
Action strategy is formulated after supplying strategy of the base station according to first kinetic energy source supply base station in source, and according to all energy supply base stations
It determines to obtain income.
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