CN106450801B - N-array element circular array intelligent antenna beam forming method - Google Patents
N-array element circular array intelligent antenna beam forming method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
- H01Q21/296—Multiplicative arrays
Abstract
The invention provides a beam forming method of an intelligent antenna based on an N-array element circular array, which comprises the steps of arranging a mode decoupling network between an antenna array and the beam forming network, wherein the antenna array and the mode decoupling network form a decoupling antenna array; the method can effectively inhibit the coupling between the array elements of the circular array antenna array so as to reduce the influence of the coupling between the array elements on the wave beam forming, and does not consider the coupling factor in the calculation process any more, thereby effectively reducing the complexity of a wave beam forming algorithm, improving the performance of the antenna array, and having strong adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a beam forming method, in particular to a beam forming method of an N-array element circular array intelligent antenna.
Background
The smart antenna refers to an antenna array with spatial information (such as propagation direction) of a signal, and an intelligent algorithm for tracking and positioning a signal source, and spatial filtering can be performed according to the information. The intelligent antenna consists of three parts: an antenna array for realizing signal space sampling, a beam forming network for weighting and combining the output of each array element, and a control part for recombining the weight values; the antenna array mostly adopts a uniform linear array or a uniform circular array with an array element spacing of 0.5 lambda, however, electromagnetic mutual coupling existing between the array elements of the antenna array not only has certain influence on electrical parameters such as gain, beam width and the like of the antenna array, but also can change the amplitude and phase of signals received by the array. With the reduction of the array element spacing, the mutual coupling effect is stronger and stronger, so that the performance of the antenna array is greatly reduced.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, a new N-array element circular array antenna smart antenna beam forming method needs to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a beam of an intelligent antenna of an N-array-element circular array antenna, which can effectively suppress coupling between array elements of a circular array antenna array, thereby reducing the influence of the coupling between the array elements on beam forming, and does not consider coupling factors in a calculation process any more, thereby effectively reducing the complexity of a beam forming algorithm, improving the performance of the antenna array, and having a high adaptability.
The invention provides a beam forming method based on an N-array element circular array intelligent antenna, which comprises the following steps
A mode decoupling network is arranged between the antenna array and the beam forming network, and the antenna array and the mode decoupling network form a decoupling antenna array;
obtaining a scattering matrix S for a decoupled antenna arraynAnd calculating a beam-formed directional diagram weight vector W, wherein the directional diagram weight vector W is used as an excitation signal to excite an array element of the antenna array to generate a corresponding beam directional diagram.
Further, the decoupling matching of the antenna array is performed by:
s1, constructing a scattering matrix S of an antenna array before a mode decoupling network is set0Wherein the scattering matrix S0Is an NxN matrix and a scattering matrix S is calculated0Feature vector ofV1, …, VN wherein V1 ═ V11…V1N],…,VN＝[VN1…VNN]；
S2, according to the scattering matrix S0Scattering matrix S for constructing mode decoupling network1：
Wherein S is1Is a 2N × 2N matrix, and V1, …, VN are mutually orthogonal to each other;
s3, obtaining a scattering matrix S of the decoupling antenna array according to the steps S3 and S4n:
Wherein: scattering matrix S of decoupled antenna arraynElement a on the diagonal of (1)1,…,aNIs a scattering matrix S0Characteristic value of (1), wherein
Further, a directional diagram weight vector W is calculated by the following method:
A1. performing beam forming calculation on the original antenna array by using a recursive least square method to obtain a directional diagram weight vector W1 of a beam formed in the target signal space direction;
A2. calculating a directional pattern weight vector W of the decoupling antenna array according to the following formula: W-W1 × V, wherein,
furthermore, the array elements of the N-array-element circular-array intelligent antenna are uniformly arranged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the N-array-element circular-array intelligent antenna beam forming method can effectively inhibit the coupling between the array elements of the circular-array antenna array, thereby reducing the influence of the coupling between the array elements on the beam forming, and does not consider the coupling factor in the calculation process, thereby effectively reducing the complexity of the beam forming algorithm, improving the performance of the antenna array, and having strong adaptability.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mode decoupling network structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a beam simulation diagram in the phi plane according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a beam simulation diagram in the theta plane according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for forming a beam of an intelligent antenna based on an N-array element circular array provided by the present invention is particularly suitable for a compact N-array element circular array antenna array, and specifically includes:
a mode decoupling network is arranged between the antenna array and the beam forming network, and the antenna array and the mode decoupling network form a decoupling antenna array;
obtaining a scattering matrix S for a decoupled antenna arraynThe method can effectively inhibit the coupling between the array elements of the circular array antenna array, thereby reducing the influence of the coupling between the array elements on the wave beam forming, and the coupling factor is not considered in the calculation process, thereby effectively reducing the complexity of a wave beam forming algorithm, improving the performance of the antenna array, and having strong adaptability, wherein the array elements of the N array element circular array intelligent antenna are uniformly arranged, as shown in figure 2, 4 array elements are taken as an example in figure 2.
In this embodiment, the decoupling matching of the antenna array is performed by the following method:
s1. construction of set-up pattern decouplingScattering matrix S of antenna array before network0Wherein the scattering matrix S0Is an NxN matrix and a scattering matrix S is calculated0V1, …, VN, wherein V1 ═ V11…V1N],…,VN＝[VN1…VNN](ii) a Wherein the scattering matrix S0Constructing according to antenna array parameters and target signal space information;
s2, according to the scattering matrix S0Scattering matrix S for constructing mode decoupling network1：
Wherein S is1Is a 2N × 2N matrix, and V1, …, VN are mutually orthogonal to each other;
s3, obtaining a scattering matrix S of the decoupling antenna array according to the steps S3 and S4n:
Wherein: scattering matrix S of decoupled antenna arraynElement a on the diagonal of (1)1,…,aNIs a scattering matrix S0Characteristic value of (1), wherein
By the above method, the matrix SnElements outside the diagonal line are all 0, array elements of the decoupling antenna array are mutually isolated, and mutual coupling effect is eliminated; matrix SnThe elements on the middle diagonal can be matched by a conventional matching network, and at this time, if each array element in the new antenna array is excited independently and other array elements are connected with a matching load, the generated radiation patterns are characteristic mode radiation patterns which are orthogonal to each other, and the number of the characteristic mode radiation patterns is the same as that of the antenna array elements.
In this embodiment, the directional diagram weight vector W is calculated by the following method:
A1. performing beam forming calculation on the original antenna array by using a recursive least square method to obtain a directional diagram weight vector W1 of a beam formed in the target signal space direction; in this step, spatial position information of a target signal is acquired through the antenna array, then the information is processed through analog-to-digital conversion to form a digital signal, and then the digital signal is input into a beam forming network for calculation, wherein the spatial position information includes spatial angle information of the signal, namely a pitch angle theta and an azimuth angle phi.
A2. Calculating a directional pattern weight vector W of the decoupling antenna array according to the following formula: W-W1 × V, wherein,
The following is further illustrated by the specific examples:
as shown in fig. 2, the antenna array adopts a uniform circular array formed by 4 monopole antennas, the resonant frequency is 2.4GHz, the length of monopole array elements is 30mm, and the distance between the array elements is 25mm (0.2 lambda); scattering array S of mode decoupling network1Comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the mode decoupling network is composed of an orthogonal hybrid network and a phase shifter, and the specific principle is shown in fig. 3, where ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 are input ports, and ports 1', 2', 3', and 4' are output ports and are connected to four array elements of the antenna array, respectively. The input ports 1, 2, 3, 4 of the decoupling network are matched to be used as new antenna array ports, and the output signals of the output ports 1', 2', 3', 4' of the decoupling network are used for respectively exciting four antenna array elements.
When the antenna array obtains the spatial position information of a target, the intelligent antenna system converts the obtained spatial position information of the target into input information identified by an algorithm through analog-to-digital conversion and a digital signal processor, then uses a recursive least square algorithm (RLS) to perform beam forming operation on a conventional four-array element uniform circular array antenna array, calculates a weight vector W1 of a required directional diagram, and then loads a directional diagram weight vector W of a new antenna array of a decoupling matching network as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and finally, exciting the antenna array element to work by taking the directional diagram weight vector W as an excitation signal.
In this example, the target signal space angle is set to theta 40 °, phs 70 °; as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, when data is 40 °, ph is 70 °, the | AF | value is maximized, and a desired beam is formed.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A N array element circular array intelligent antenna beam forming method is characterized in that: comprises that
A mode decoupling network is arranged between the antenna array and the beam forming network, and the antenna array and the mode decoupling network form a decoupling antenna array;
obtaining a scattering matrix S for a decoupled antenna arraynCalculating a beam-formed directional diagram weight vector W, wherein the directional diagram weight vector W is used as an excitation signal to excite an array element of an antenna array to generate a corresponding beam directional diagram;
calculating a directional diagram weight vector W by the following method:
A1. performing beam forming calculation on the original antenna array by using a recursive least square method to obtain a directional diagram weight vector W1 of a beam formed in the target signal space direction;
A2. calculating a directional pattern weight vector W of the decoupling antenna array according to the following formula: W-W1 × V, wherein,
the decoupling matching of the antenna array is carried out by the following method:
s1, constructing a scattering matrix S of an antenna array before a mode decoupling network is set0Wherein the scattering matrix S0Is an NxN matrix and a scattering matrix S is calculated0V1, …, VN, wherein V1 ═ V11…V1N],…,VN＝[VN1…VNN]；
S2, according to the scattering matrix S0Scattering matrix S for constructing mode decoupling network1：
Wherein S is1Is a 2N × 2N matrix, and V1, …, VN are mutually orthogonal to each other;
s3, obtaining a scattering matrix S of the decoupling antenna array according to the steps S3 and S4n:
Wherein: scattering matrix S of decoupled antenna arraynElement a on the diagonal of (1)1,…,aNIs a scattering matrix S0Characteristic value of (1), wherein
The array elements of the N array element circular array intelligent antenna are uniformly arranged.
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| CN101427419A (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-05-06 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Method and device for coupling cancellation of closely spaced antennas |
| CN101465682A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Signal acceptance method, signal transmitting method, signal acceptance and transmitting device |
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