CN106449346B - Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier for photomultiplier - Google Patents
Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier for photomultiplier Download PDFInfo
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- CN106449346B CN106449346B CN201610855953.5A CN201610855953A CN106449346B CN 106449346 B CN106449346 B CN 106449346B CN 201610855953 A CN201610855953 A CN 201610855953A CN 106449346 B CN106449346 B CN 106449346B
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/10—Dynodes
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of automatic expansion focusing electrode and the photomultiplier based on automatic expansion focusing electrode.The photomultiplier includes high vacuum seal housing, expands focusing electrode, high-quantum efficiency photocathode, electron multiplication system, connection and lead system automatically.High vacuum seal housing is sealing and substrate as other film layers as photomultiplier casing part main function, and automatic focusing electrode of expanding includes bottom plate, expanding blade and automatic trigger mechanism as the electron collector of photomultiplier.High-quantum efficiency photocathode is located at the upper area of high vacuum seal housing, and incident photon is converted into electronics.Electron multiplication system is drawn below automatic expansion focusing electrode after the electronics that focusing electrode is collected into is amplified by lead system.Automatic expansion focusing electrode can touch trigger mechanism during photomultiplier encapsulates, and so as to realize the expansion action of automatic expansion focusing electrode, realize the radial dimension of expansion of focusing electrode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microchannel template photomultiplier technical field, is used for photomultiplier in particular to one kind
Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier.
Background technology
Photomultiplier is a kind of photo-detector, faint optical signal can be converted into electric signal output.From multiplier
Dynode photomultiplier and microchannel template photomultiplier can be divided into classification.All types of photomultipliers extensively should
It is real used in fundamental physics area research, high-energy gamma ray detection, the observation of ground cosmic-ray telescope, double beta decays
Test, proton decay experiment, dark matter detection, neutrino detection experiment etc. field.
The technical scheme that the especially large-sized photomultiplier of photomultiplier uses at present is in the majority with dynode type, whole
Tubular construction is complicated, and time response is relatively weak, and microchannel template photomultiplier time response is preferable, coordinates expanding to focus on
Pole structure can further improve the parameters such as TTS, but the size limit of especially focusing electrode is limited by the technical conditions of each side
Make and be difficult to obtain larger collection efficiency.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at provide a kind of superior automatic expansion focusing electrode of time response for photomultiplier and
Photomultiplier with the focusing electrode.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realized by the technical characteristics of independent claims, and dependent claims are with alternative or have
The mode of profit develops the technical characteristic of independent claims.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of automatic expansion focusing electrode for photomultiplier, including fixation
Hold-down mechanism, expanding blade, triggering pedal, triggering silk and triggering ring, wherein：
The mechanism that is fixed and clamped includes bottom plate and the torsion spring being arranged on bottom plate and the rotating shaft of ring-type, and torsion spring set is turning
On axle；
Multiple expanding blades, it can install along the edge of the bottom plate and around the axis of rotation；Multiple institutes
The surface that expanding blade is vertically fixed on bottom plate in an initial condition is stated, the ring that is triggered, which compresses to form ring-type and collapse, to be distributed, and is in
Rounding state；
The torsion spring is set one to one with expanding blade, and one end of each torsion spring is fixed with expanding blade, another
End is fixed on bottom plate, and torsion spring has the trend for the radial dimension expansion expansion for causing expanding blade towards focusing electrode and carried
For pretightning force；
The triggering pedal, silk and triggering ring group are triggered into an automatic trigger mechanism；
One end of the triggering silk is fixed on triggering pedal, and the other end is fixed on triggering ring；
The triggering pedal is arranged for driving triggering silk motion when being triggered so that multiple expansions
Blade be triggered ring compress collapse status releasing, and by the torsion spring provide pretightning force and enter expansion state.
In further embodiment, the triggering pedal is located at the position for closing on bottom plate and direction is overhang, and the triggering is stepped on
Plate, which is provided in the stop triggering that focusing electrode indium is sealed to when in spherical shell by glass spherical shell edge, makes it be moved towards focusing electrode
Direction motion in opposite direction, and drive triggering silk to be synchronized with the movement and release the clip on triggering ring, triggering ring is released to multiple
The gathering of expanding blade so that expanding blade is in releasable state, is pressed under the pretightning force effect of the torsion spring along fixed
The rotating shaft rotation at the edge of tight mechanism and positioning, focusing electrode enter expansion state.
In further embodiment, when the expanding blade is in rounding state in an initial condition, outside the focusing electrode
Footpath is less than 90mm.
In further embodiment, when the expanding blade is in expansion state upon discharge, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is big
In 175mm.
In further embodiment, the bottom plate is metal base plate
According to disclosure of the invention, it is also proposed that a kind of photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode, including：
High vacuum seal housing, enclosure interior are ultra-high vacuum state, are made up of head and transition sealing part；
Automatic expansion focusing electrode, for collecting the photoelectron as caused by high-quantum efficiency photocathode, it is placed in the height
Vacuum sealing enclosure interior, and time-sharing automatic triggering in transition sealing portion is sealed to by indium at it and expanded automatically to radial dimension,
The automatic expansion focusing electrode has the multiple expanding blades that can be triggered and deploy, and the multiple expanding blade, which has, is compacted shape
The rounding state and the expansion state towards the expansion of focusing electrode radial dimension being circlewise distributed, under the expansion state, institute
Multiple expanding blades are stated to be configured to be tensioned positioning by torsion spring；
High-quantum efficiency photocathode, it is placed in the high vacuum seal enclosure interior and is located at upper surface；
Electron multiplication system, it is placed in the photoelectron below the automatic expansion focusing electrode and being collected into and is doubled；
Lead system, it is placed in below the electron multiplication system and passes through the transition sealing portion of the high vacuum seal housing
Divide and draw electric signal.
In further embodiment, the automatic expansion focusing electrode also includes be fixed and clamped mechanism, triggering pedal, triggering silk
And triggering ring, wherein：
The mechanism that is fixed and clamped includes bottom plate and the torsion spring being arranged on bottom plate and the rotating shaft of ring-type, and torsion spring set is in rotating shaft
On；
Multiple expanding blades, it can install along the edge of the bottom plate and around the axis of rotation；Multiple expansion leaves
Piece is vertically fixed on the surface of bottom plate in an initial condition, and the ring that is triggered, which compresses to form ring-type and collapse, to be distributed, in rounding state；
Torsion spring is set one to one with expanding blade, and one end and the expanding blade of torsion spring are fixed, and the other end is fixed to bottom plate
On, and torsion spring has the trend for the radial dimension expansion expansion for causing expanding blade towards focusing electrode and provides pretightning force；
Pedal, triggering silk and triggering ring group are triggered into an automatic trigger mechanism；
One end of triggering silk is fixed on triggering pedal, and the other end is fixed on triggering ring；
Triggering pedal is arranged for driving triggering silk motion when being triggered so that multiple expanding blades are touched
Hair ring compresses the status releasing collapsed, and is entered expansion state by the pretightning force that the torsion spring provides.
In further embodiment, the triggering pedal is located at the position for closing on bottom plate and direction is overhang, and the triggering is stepped on
Plate, which is provided in the stop triggering that focusing electrode indium is sealed to when in spherical shell by glass spherical shell edge, makes it be moved towards focusing electrode
Direction motion in opposite direction, and drive triggering silk to be synchronized with the movement and release the clip on triggering ring, triggering ring is released to multiple
The gathering of expanding blade so that expanding blade is in releasable state, along the machine of being fixed and clamped under the pretightning force effect of torsion spring
The rotating shaft rotation at the edge of structure and positioning, focusing electrode enter expansion state.
In further embodiment, when the expanding blade is in rounding state in an initial condition, outside the focusing electrode
Footpath is less than 90mm.
In further embodiment, when the expanding blade is in expansion state upon discharge, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is big
In 175mm.
In further embodiment, the automatic expansion focusing electrode is located at the high vacuum seal enclosure interior, is placed in height
Between quantum efficiency photocathode and electron multiplication system, for collecting the photoelectron as caused by high-quantum efficiency photocathode.
In further embodiment, the high vacuum seal housing uses the high-temperature insulation material of high transmittance antiradar reflectivity
Prepared by material, one kind in it is shaped as chondritic, multi-section circular arc seamlessly transits " ellipsoid " structure or cylindrical structural.
In further embodiment, the high-quantum efficiency photocathode is constructed to one and is vaporized on high vacuum seal housing
The semiconductive thin film that can be by converting photons into electronics of inner surface.
In further embodiment, the electron multiplication system, as its multiplier device, has two panels using microchannel plate
Microchannel plate overlapped in series and load operating voltage respectively.
Technical scheme more than, self expandable focusing electrode of the invention and photomultiplier compared with prior art, have
There is significant beneficial effect：
1) using electron collector of the automatic expansion focusing electrode as photomultiplier, electronics collection can be effectively improved
The radial dimension of pole, so as to significantly improve the time response of photomultiplier, especially transition time disperse (TTS)；
2) electron collector can be effectively improved as the electron collector of photomultiplier using automatic expansion focusing electrode
To the capacity gauge of electronics caused by high-quantum efficiency photocathode, so as to improve the detection efficient of sample pipe；
3) dynode coordinates automatic expansion focusing electrode, and the electronics collected is doubled, made using microchannel plate
For core multiplier device, it is possible to achieve superelevation gain, while the complexity of structure is enormously simplify, reduce lead and voltage adds
The cost of loading system；
4) photomultiplier based on automatic expansion focusing electrode uses axisymmetric design, has good items
Even property, including cathode uniformity, anode uniformity.
It should be appreciated that as long as all combinations of aforementioned concepts and the extra design described in greater detail below are at this
Sample design it is not conflicting in the case of can be viewed as the disclosure subject matter a part.In addition, required guarantor
All combinations of the theme of shield are considered as a part for the subject matter of the disclosure.
Can be more fully appreciated from the following description with reference to accompanying drawing present invention teach that foregoing and other aspect, reality
Apply example and feature.The feature and/or beneficial effect of other additional aspects such as illustrative embodiments of the present invention will be below
Description in it is obvious, or by according to present invention teach that embodiment practice in learn.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is not intended to drawn to scale.In the accompanying drawings, each identical or approximately uniform group shown in each figure
It can be indicated by the same numeral into part.For clarity, in each figure, not each part is labeled.
Now, by example and the embodiment of various aspects of the invention will be described in reference to the drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structure chart according to the photomultiplier based on automatic expansion focusing electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2A -2B are that Fig. 2A is tightening state schematic diagram according to the structural representation of the automatic expansion focusing electrode of the present invention,
Fig. 2 B are open mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the electron multiplication system and the connection relationship diagram of automatic expansion focusing electrode according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the electron multiplication system according to the present invention with being connected and the connection relationship diagram of lead system.
Fig. 5 is the process schematic according to the sealing-in of the indium seal technique of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to know more about the technology contents of the present invention, especially exemplified by specific embodiment and institute's accompanying drawings are coordinated to be described as follows.
Each side with reference to the accompanying drawings to describe the present invention in the disclosure, shown in the drawings of the embodiment of many explanations.
It is not intended to cover all aspects of the invention for embodiment of the disclosure.It should be appreciated that a variety of designs presented hereinbefore and reality
Apply example, and those designs described in more detail below and embodiment can in many ways in any one come it is real
Apply, because design disclosed in this invention and embodiment are not limited to any embodiment.In addition, disclosed by the invention one
A little aspects can be used alone, or otherwise any appropriately combined be used with disclosed by the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode, including it is high vacuum seal housing 101, automatic
Expand focusing electrode 102, high-quantum efficiency photocathode 103, electron multiplication system 104, lead system (containing attachment structure) 105.
It is ultra-high vacuum state that high vacuum seal housing 101, which is kept inside photomultiplier, while is used as photocathode 103
Attachment base bottom.
High quantum is deposited in its inner surface designated area (such as top) using evaporation mode in high-quantum efficiency photocathode 103
Efficiency photocathode.When external photonic be incident to it is internal be coated with the envelope surfaces of high quantum photoelectric negative electrode when, photocathode is by light
Son is converted into electronics.
Collector of the automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 as photomultiplier, effect is to produce high-quantum efficiency photocathode
Raw electronics, which is collected to electron multiplication system, to be doubled.
Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is rounding state before original state is expanded, the focusing electrode when carrying out last sealing-in
Triggered by high vacuum seal housing 101 (i.e. glass spherical shell), in glass spherical shell intramedullary expansion, realize the radial dimension of expansion of focusing electrode
, so as to improve capacity gauge and time performance of the focusing electrode to electronics.
Electron multiplication system 104 is connected with the bottom of focusing electrode 102, and the electronics that focusing electrode 102 is collected into is doubled simultaneously
Output.The multiplication mechanism that electron multiplication system 104 is connected using at least two panels microchannel plate.
Lead system 105 is as automatic expansion focusing electrode and the support member of electron multiplication system, while by electron multiplication
Electronics after system multiplies is drawn.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A and 2B, high-quantum efficiency photocathode 103, automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 and electronics
Multiplier 104 is placed in glass evacuated container i.e. high vacuum seal housing 101.
High vacuum seal housing 101, prepared using the high-temperature insulation material of high transmittance antiradar reflectivity, it is shaped as ball
One kind in " ellipsoid " structure or cylindrical structural that shape structure, multi-section circular arc seamlessly transit.The present embodiment is with elliposoidal
Glass evacuated container 101 describes the present invention in detail.Enclosure interior is ultra-high vacuum state, by head and transition sealing portion
Divide and form.
High-quantum efficiency photocathode 103 be coated in high vacuum seal shell inner surface can be by converting photons into electronics
Semiconductive thin film, coated by the way of evaporation.
The automatic expansion focusing electrode 102, electron multiplier 104 and lead system 105 are connected to become an entirety, then
It is sealed to by indium seal technique in glass evacuated container 101, expansion focusing electrode 102 is located at glass evacuated appearance automatically after the completion of sealing-in
On the central shaft of device 101 and positioned at the underface of the ellipsoid centre of sphere, electron multiplier 104 focusing electrode 102 is being expanded positioned at automatic just
Lower section, connected together by way of welding, lead system 105 runs through electron multiplier 104 by each of required on-load voltage
Individual electrode is drawn out to outside glass evacuated container 101, facilitates the loading of voltage.
Electron multiplication system 104, as its multiplier device, has bivalve microchannel plate overlapped in series using microchannel plate
And operating voltage is loaded respectively.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, whole photomultiplier at work according to requirements to photomultiplier on-load voltage,
When on faint photon irradiation to high-quantum efficiency photocathode 103, photocathode converts photons to electronics, now automatically
The electronics of conversion is collected on electron multiplier 104 by expansion focusing electrode 102, and electron multiplier 104 doubles to electronics, times
Electronics after increasing is drawn out to outside photomultiplier by connection and lead system 105, and the signal is read out and handled can
To realize the detection to faint photon.
It is automatic to expand focusing electrode 102 as preferable example with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2A and 2B, imitated for collecting by high quantum
Photoelectron caused by rate photocathode, it is placed in the high vacuum seal enclosure interior.
Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is sealed to the time-sharing automatic triggering in transition sealing portion by indium at it and expanded automatically to radial dimension
.Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 has the multiple expanding blades 201 that can be triggered and deploy, and multiple expanding blades 201 have quilt
The rounding state for forming annular distribution and the expansion state towards the expansion of focusing electrode radial dimension are compressed, in the expansion state
Under, the multiple expanding blade is configured to be tensioned by torsion spring and positioned.
With reference to Fig. 2A and 2B, automatic focusing electrode 102 of expanding includes multiple expanding blades 201, the mechanism that is fixed and clamped 202, touched
Send out pedal 203, triggering silk 204 and triggering ring 205.
The mechanism that is fixed and clamped 202 includes bottom plate 202A and the torsion spring 202B being arranged on bottom plate and the rotating shaft of ring-type
202C, torsion spring set is in rotating shaft.
Expanding blade 201, it can install along the edge of bottom plate and around the axis of rotation.Each expanding blade 201
The surface of bottom plate is vertically fixed in an initial condition, and the ring 205 that is triggered, which compresses to form ring-type and collapse, to be distributed, in gathering shape
State.
Torsion spring 202B is set one to one with expanding blade 201.One end of torsion spring is fixed with expanding blade, and the other end is fixed
Onto bottom plate.Each torsion spring has the trend for the radial dimension expansion expansion for causing expanding blade towards focusing electrode and provides pretension
Power.
Trigger pedal 203, triggering silk 204 and triggering ring 205 and form an automatic trigger mechanism.
One end of triggering silk 204 is fixed on triggering pedal 203, and the other end is fixed on triggering ring 205.
Triggering pedal 203 is arranged for driving triggering silk 204 to move so that multiple expansion leaves when being triggered
Piece 201 be triggered ring 205 compress collapse status releasing, and by the torsion spring 202B provide pretightning force and enter expansion shape
State.
With reference to Fig. 2A and 2B, triggering pedal 203 is located at the position for closing on bottom plate and direction is overhang, the triggering pedal 203
Be provided in focusing electrode indium be sealed to spherical shell (i.e. glass evacuated container 101) it is interior when by glass spherical shell edge stop triggering make
Its towards focusing electrode moving direction opposite direction move, and and drive triggering silk 204 be synchronized with the movement release triggering ring 205 on consolidating
Fixed button, release gathering of the triggering ring to multiple expanding blades 201 so that expanding blade is in releasable state, in torsion spring 202B
Pretightning force effect under rotated along the rotating shaft at the edge for the mechanism that is fixed and clamped and positioning, focusing electrode enters expansion state.
Preferably, when expanding blade is in rounding state in an initial condition, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is less than 90mm.
Preferably, when expanding blade is in expansion state upon discharge, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is more than 175mm.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2A and 2B, the course of work of the automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is：
Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is divided to for two states：Rounding state (shown in Fig. 2A) and expansion state (shown in Fig. 2 B).
The ring 205 that is triggered of expanding blade 201 collapses under rounding state, is vertically fixed on and is fixed and clamped directly over mechanism 202, under this state
The external diameter of automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is less than 90mm.When photomultiplier carries out indium seal technique sealing-in, focusing electrode is expanded automatically
102 rise and by the neck of glass evacuated container 101, and now the bottom of glass evacuated container 101 can touch triggering pedal
203, triggering pedal 203 can pull connected triggering silk 204 to decline, and so as to open the clip of triggering ring 205, now touch
The gathering that hair ring 205 loses to expanding blade 201 acts on, and the pressure of the torsion spring in the mechanism that is fixed and clamped 202 to expand leaf
Rotating shaft rotation and positioning of the piece 201 along the edge of mechanism 202 that is fixed and clamped, automatic focusing electrode 102 of expanding enter expansion state.
The external diameter of expansion focusing electrode 102 is more than 175mm automatically under expansion state.
Fig. 3 is the electron multiplication system 4 and the connection relationship diagram of automatic expansion focusing electrode 2 according to the present invention, is such as schemed
Shown, electron multiplication system 104 is mainly by multiplier element and the packet of electronics collection portion into the present embodiment is folded with two panels microchannel plate
Add as multiplier element to describe the realization of the present invention in detail, but be not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention.Wherein microchannel plate 1301
Positioned at the lower central position of automatic expansion focusing electrode 102, microchannel plate 2302 is located at the underface of microchannel plate 1301, two panels
Microchannel plate superposition uses the gain for realizing more than 1 × 107.Electronics converges to anode strip after the amplification of two panels microchannel plate
On 303, facilitate the extraction, reading and processing of follow-up signal.
The position relationship of electron multiplication system 104 and automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 is as shown in this Fig. 3, electron multiplication system
104 positioned at the underface of automatic expansion focusing electrode 102, and the two is connected together by way of spot welding, now multiplier element position
In the center position on the lower side of expansion focusing electrode 102 automatically, the electronics being conveniently collected into uniformly converges to its upper surface and doubled.
Fig. 4 is the electron multiplication system 4 according to the present invention and the connection relationship diagram of lead system 5.As illustrated, draw
Linear system 105 main functions of system are to draw electron multiplication system 104 and the automatic associated voltage for expanding focusing electrode 102 to load electrode,
The signal on anode strip 303 is drawn simultaneously.
Wherein and lead system 105 mainly includes：The input pole 401 of microchannel plate 1, the output stage 402 of microchannel plate 1,
The input pole 407 of microchannel plate 2, the output stage 408 of microchannel plate 2, anode output stage 403, expansion focusing electrode output stage 406,
Disk 405 can be cut down under transition fastener 404 and indium envelope.Each extraction electrode can distinguish on-load voltage.These input poles and
Output stage can be realized using some existing modes, be repeated no more in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the process schematic according to the sealing-in of the indium seal technique of the present invention.Indium seal technique refers to pass through indium stannum alloy
502 solder as sealing-in, indium is sealed up to cut down can cut down disk 405 and sealed under disk 501 and indium envelope, glass evacuated so as to ensure
The inside of container 101 is the state of high vacuum.
Wherein the whole indium seal technique of photomultiplier of the invention is automatically performed inside the equipment cavity of ultrahigh vacuum
's.Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 before sealing-in, electron multiplier 104 and lead system 105 are connected to become an entirety and are located at
The underface of glass evacuated container 101, now expansion focusing electrode 102 is rounding state automatically.Automatic expansion focusing electrode 102, electricity
Sub- dynode system 104 and lead system 105 are used as an entirety, referred to as die assemblies.Indium seal technique starts rear die assemblies
Begin to ramp up, triggering expansion after expansion focusing electrode 102 touches glass evacuated 101 bottom of container automatically, hereafter continue to rise,
It can cut down disk 405 until indium is sealed up to cut down under disk 501 and indium envelope and contact with each other compression.Indium stannum alloy during whole indium seal technique
502 are in molten condition all the time.
Meanwhile with reference to shown in Fig. 2A and 2B, die assemblies and high vacuum seal housing 101 in vacuum equipment by it is complete from
Dynamic mode is packaged together, and the trigger mechanism of automatic expansion focusing electrode 102 can be triggered during encapsulation, so as to realize certainly
The expansion action of dynamic expansion focusing electrode 102, realizes the radial dimension of expansion of focusing electrode.
Although the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, so it is not limited to the present invention.Skill belonging to the present invention
Has usually intellectual in art field, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can be used for a variety of modifications and variations.Cause
This, the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by those of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of automatic expansion focusing electrode for photomultiplier, it is characterised in that including the mechanism that is fixed and clamped, expansion leaf
Piece, triggering pedal, triggering silk and triggering ring, wherein：
The mechanism that is fixed and clamped includes bottom plate and the torsion spring being arranged on bottom plate and the rotating shaft of ring-type, and torsion spring set is in rotating shaft
On；
Multiple expanding blades, it can install along the edge of the bottom plate and around the axis of rotation；Multiple expansions
The surface that blade is vertically fixed on bottom plate in an initial condition is opened, the ring that is triggered, which compresses to form ring-type and collapse, to be distributed, in gathering
State；
The torsion spring is set one to one with expanding blade, and one end of each torsion spring is fixed with expanding blade, and the other end is solid
Determine onto bottom plate, and torsion spring has the trend for the radial dimension expansion expansion for causing expanding blade towards focusing electrode and offer is pre-
Clamp force；
The triggering pedal, silk and triggering ring group are triggered into an automatic trigger mechanism；
One end of the triggering silk is fixed on triggering pedal, and the other end is fixed on triggering ring；
The triggering pedal is arranged for driving triggering silk motion when being triggered so that multiple expanding blades
The ring that is triggered compresses the status releasing collapsed, and is entered expansion state by the pretightning force that the torsion spring provides.
2. the automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 1 for photomultiplier, it is characterised in that the triggering is stepped on
Plate is located at the position of closing on bottom plate and towards overhanging, the triggering pedal be provided in when focusing electrode indium is sealed in spherical shell by
The stop triggering at glass spherical shell edge makes it be moved towards focusing electrode moving direction opposite direction, and drives triggering silk to be synchronized with the movement
And the clip on triggering ring is released, release gathering of the triggering ring to multiple expanding blades so that expanding blade is in releasable
State, rotated under the pretightning force effect of the torsion spring along the rotating shaft at the edge for the mechanism that is fixed and clamped and positioning, focusing electrode enter
Enter expansion state.
3. the automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 1 for photomultiplier, it is characterised in that the expansion leaf
When piece is in rounding state in an initial condition, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is less than 90mm.
4. the automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 1 for photomultiplier, it is characterised in that the expansion leaf
When piece is in expansion state upon discharge, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is more than 175mm.
A kind of 5. photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode, it is characterised in that including：
High vacuum seal housing, enclosure interior are ultra-high vacuum state, are made up of head and transition sealing part；
Automatic expansion focusing electrode, for collecting the photoelectron as caused by high-quantum efficiency photocathode, it is placed in the high vacuum
Inside seal casinghousing, and time-sharing automatic triggering in transition sealing portion is sealed to by indium at it and expanded automatically to radial dimension, should be certainly
Dynamic expansion focusing electrode has the multiple expanding blades that can be triggered and deploy, and the multiple expanding blade, which has, to be compacted to form ring
The rounding state and the expansion state towards the expansion of focusing electrode radial dimension of shape distribution are described more under the expansion state
Individual expanding blade is configured to be tensioned by torsion spring and positioned；
Photocathode, it is placed in the high vacuum seal enclosure interior and is located at upper surface；
Electron multiplication system, it is placed in the photoelectron below the automatic expansion focusing electrode and being collected into and is doubled；
Lead system, it is placed in below the electron multiplication system and passes through the transition sealing part of the high vacuum seal housing will
Electric signal is drawn.
6. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the automatic expansion
Opening focusing electrode also includes be fixed and clamped mechanism, triggering pedal, triggering silk and triggering ring, wherein：
The mechanism that is fixed and clamped includes bottom plate and the torsion spring being arranged on bottom plate and the rotating shaft of ring-type, and torsion spring set is in rotating shaft；
Multiple expanding blades, it can install along the edge of the bottom plate and around the axis of rotation；Multiple expanding blades exist
The surface of bottom plate is vertically fixed under original state, the ring that is triggered, which compresses to form ring-type and collapse, to be distributed, in rounding state；
Torsion spring is set one to one with expanding blade, and one end and the expanding blade of torsion spring are fixed, and the other end is fixed on bottom plate, and
And torsion spring has the trend for the radial dimension expansion expansion for causing expanding blade towards focusing electrode and provides pretightning force；
Pedal, triggering silk and triggering ring group are triggered into an automatic trigger mechanism；
One end of triggering silk is fixed on triggering pedal, and the other end is fixed on triggering ring；
Triggering pedal is arranged for driving triggering silk to move so that multiple expanding blades are triggered ring when being triggered
The status releasing collapsed is compressed, and is entered expansion state by the pretightning force that the torsion spring provides.
7. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the triggering is stepped on
Plate is located at the position of closing on bottom plate and towards overhanging, the triggering pedal be provided in when focusing electrode indium is sealed in spherical shell by
The stop triggering at glass spherical shell edge makes it be moved towards focusing electrode moving direction opposite direction, and drives triggering silk to be synchronized with the movement
And the clip on triggering ring is released, release gathering of the triggering ring to multiple expanding blades so that expanding blade is in releasable
State, rotates under the pretightning force effect of torsion spring along the rotating shaft at the edge for the mechanism that is fixed and clamped and positioning, focusing electrode enter expansion
The state of opening.
8. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the expansion leaf
When piece is in rounding state in an initial condition, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is less than 90mm.
9. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the expansion leaf
When piece is in expansion state upon discharge, the external diameter of the focusing electrode is more than 175mm.
10. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to any one in claim 6-9, its feature exist
In, the automatic expansion focusing electrode is located at the high vacuum seal enclosure interior, be placed in photocathode and electron multiplication system it
Between, for collecting the photoelectron as caused by high-quantum efficiency photocathode.
11. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to any one in claim 6-9, its feature exist
In the high vacuum seal housing is prepared using the high-temperature insulation material of high transmittance antiradar reflectivity, and it is shaped as spherical knot
One kind in ellipsoid structure or cylindrical structural that structure, multi-section circular arc seamlessly transit.
12. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to any one in claim 6-9, its feature exist
In, the photocathode be constructed to one be vaporized on high vacuum seal shell inner surface can by converting photons partly leading into electronics
Body thin film.
13. the photomultiplier with automatic expansion focusing electrode according to any one in claim 6-9, its feature exist
In the electron multiplication system, as its multiplier device, is had bivalve microchannel plate overlapped in series and divided using microchannel plate
Operating voltage is not loaded.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610855953.5A CN106449346B (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier for photomultiplier |
| EP17854332.8A EP3509085B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-21 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode for photomultiplier and photomultiplier |
| PCT/CN2017/071996 WO2018058871A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-21 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode for photomultiplier and photomultiplier |
| JP2019512272A JP6576598B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-21 | Self-expanding focusing electrode and photomultiplier tube for photomultiplier tubes. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610855953.5A CN106449346B (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier for photomultiplier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106449346A CN106449346A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106449346B true CN106449346B (en) | 2017-12-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610855953.5A Active CN106449346B (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode and photomultiplier for photomultiplier |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3509085B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6576598B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106449346B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018058871A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109065434B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2024-04-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Focusing scanning type photomultiplier |
| CN109166783B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-05-08 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Automatic expansion focusing electrode for photomultiplier and photomultiplier |
| CN110211861A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-06 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | For the double focusing pole of photomultiplier tube and photomultiplier tube |
| CN111261490B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Spherical multiplier for photomultiplier and photomultiplier |
| CN111883412B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-11-29 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Focusing electrode for micro-channel plate type photomultiplier and photomultiplier |
| CN113555271B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2024-04-19 | 闫琪明 | Sealing waterproof device for photomultiplier |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4855642A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-08-08 | Burle Technologies, Inc. | Focusing electrode structure for photomultiplier tubes |
| CN103915311A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Photomultiplier of electrostatic focusing micro-channel plates |
| CN105570750A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-11 | 东南大学 | Table lamp with illumination range capable of being adjusted and controlled |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3392240B2 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 2003-03-31 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Electron multiplier |
| CN203863575U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-08 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Shell positioning clamp of photomultiplier tube |
-
2016
- 2016-09-28 CN CN201610855953.5A patent/CN106449346B/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-01-21 EP EP17854332.8A patent/EP3509085B1/en active Active
- 2017-01-21 JP JP2019512272A patent/JP6576598B1/en active Active
- 2017-01-21 WO PCT/CN2017/071996 patent/WO2018058871A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4855642A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-08-08 | Burle Technologies, Inc. | Focusing electrode structure for photomultiplier tubes |
| CN103915311A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Photomultiplier of electrostatic focusing micro-channel plates |
| CN105570750A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-11 | 东南大学 | Table lamp with illumination range capable of being adjusted and controlled |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2019533275A (en) | 2019-11-14 |
| CN106449346A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| EP3509085A4 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
| EP3509085A1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
| JP6576598B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
| WO2018058871A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
| EP3509085B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
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