CN106446336B - A kind of carcass safety multiple calculation method of all-steel radial tyre - Google Patents
A kind of carcass safety multiple calculation method of all-steel radial tyre Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the carcass safety multiple calculating field of all-steel radial tyre more particularly to a kind of calculation methods for the carcass safety multiple that all-steel radial tyre is carried out using tire material model and finite element analysis technology.A kind of carcass safety multiple calculation method of all-steel radial tyre, this method establishes the material model figure of the all-steel radial tyre of different size using the simulation model software of independent development, and the safety multiple of all-steel radial tyre carcass structure is gone out by finite element analysis computation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the carcass safety multiple calculating field of all-steel radial tyre more particularly to a kind of utilization tire materials
Expect that model and finite element analysis technology carry out the calculation method of the carcass safety multiple of all-steel radial tyre.
Background technique
With the fast development of Domestic Automotive Industry, requirement of the automobile industry to the performance and quality of tire is higher and higher.
High-quality tyre should have superior security performance, endurance quality and high speed performance.All-steel radial tyre and traditional oblique glue
Tire is compared, and since its rolling resistance is low, saves fuel and wear-resisting, resistance to thorn, security performance is high, it has also become the mainstream of tire industry
Product.It is counted according to public security department, national large and medium bus quantity in 2013 is up to 2,490,000, and lorry quantity is up to 20,160,000, lorry
Increase by 1,160,000.Since large and medium-sized passenger-cargo carriage is drawn, manned member is more, car loading is big, once occur traffic accident often result in it is great
Casualties and property loss are road traffic accident prevention key points and difficulties.Automotive tire burst, fatigue driving and super at present
Speed traveling has become three big killers of traffic safety, important component of the tire as vehicle structure, peace side by side
Full position of the property in commerial vehicle traffic safety is especially prominent.The thus safety multiple calculating formula tire construction at each position of tire
The necessary component of design.
Radial since the advent of the world has had over half a century, it brings excellent property with unique structure
Can, in tire development course, structure is broadly divided into two kinds: cross-ply structure and radial structure.With this phase
It adapts to, the mechanics of tire as Design of Tire Structure theoretical basis can also be divided into cross-ply structural mechanics and radial
Structural mechanics.Since the performance of radial becomes more dependent on reasonable structure design, the model of structural mechanics of tire is arrived
Further development, the structure design that these theoretical models are applied to tire have adequately shown mechanical analysis and have taken turns in improvement
Important function in tire product quality makes it was recognized that structure design has status of equal importance with design of material.To 20
Century the mid-80, application of the finite element analysis technology in the design of tire section profile is so that the design of tire section profile is prominent
The constraint of natural equilibrium profile is broken, people are sought for the optimum profiles except nature profile.So that finite element technique
It is widely used in Design of Tire Structure, this not only accelerates tire new product development speed, also promotes simultaneously
The diversification of tire product.
The safety multiple numerical value of all-steel radial tyre is the index as description tire safety, his focus of interest
It is the weakest link of Design of Tire Structure intensity, i.e., to the shadow of tire working reliability under the conditions of minimum strength and maximum carrying
It rings.China's tyre industry habit is calculated using the average value of stress and intensity at present, but the actual numerical value with hydraulic pressure demolition
It compares, there is very large deviation, be primarily due to the not in place or ignorance calculated vulnerability analysis.
The development of the tyre industry in China has over half a century at present, and present tire yield has been in advanced in the world
Status, tire enterprise are also accumulated from more rich knowhow and technical experience, but domestic tire production disperses force, skill
Art research and development still have gap with design level and foreign outstanding enterprise.With the development of computer technology, increasingly mature many body system
System dynamics simulation software is more and more widely used in the exploitation design of automobile industry and tyre industry.Finite element fraction
The one very big purposes of analysis exactly can effectively simulate tire test.It can be made simultaneously by finite element method to study difference
The universal law of mechanical characteristic under the conditions of.
At present during Design of Tire Structure, generalling use the conventional security multiple calculation formula based on boundary-layer theory is
Wherein BLSingle cord Fracture Force (kg/ root) RdrumFor assembly drum radius (cm), uendsBody cord density (root/
Cm), P is inflation pressure of tire (kg/cm2), Ra、Rb、RcRespectively body cord crown center radius, the wide place of maximum section half
Diameter and wire loop radius, as shown in fig. 7, unit takes cm.
The calculating of all-steel radial tire carcass safety multiple designs its structure, the selection of steel wire is extremely important, tire
Safety and its several quality problems are related with carcass safety, such as quick-fried problem of zipper in the market, steel wire break together problem and
Tyre cavity Rose and real drum problem, which are all chosen with the safety of carcass, steel wire etc., close relationship, therefore accurate tire
Body safety multiple, which is calculated, has important directive function to actual product design, product quality.
Summary of the invention
The calculating of all-steel radial tyre safety multiple is one of important parameter of tire design, directly affects tire used peace
Quan Xing, while the defect for influencing product such as pays compensation at other quality problems.Traditional safety multiple is calculated to be tried with actual hydraulic pressure explosion
It tests and differs greatly, therefore it is extremely important to study a kind of new safety multiple calculation method.
A kind of safety multiple calculation method of carcass each unit, this method are calculated using formula below:
Wherein: B is belt single cord Fracture Force, and unit is N/ root；
LelemFor unit circumferential lengths, unit cm；
a0For cord density coefficient；
uendsCord rolls density, and unit is root/cm；
EelemUnit cord-thread direction is circumferential tensile stress, unit N/cm2；
SelemUnit cord-thread direction cross-sectional area, unit cm2；
Described
That is assembly drum radius RdumWith unit radius of gravity center RelemRatio.
A kind of carcass safety multiple calculation method of all-steel radial tyre, this method are calculated using the formula
The safety multiple of each unit, tire belt general safety multiple take the minimum value of its each unit safety multiple, obtain tire
Belt general safety multiple value, i.e. W=min wi, i=1,2,3....n, n are carcass unit number.
The present invention utilizes the tire material model and structural capacity of independent research by taking 10.00R20 all-steel radial tyre as an example
Finite element analysis technology is learned, carcass cord/rubber material chooses C60-225HT and bis- kinds of C60-175W, and air pressure is respectively
0.83Mpa, 0.93Mpa, the carcass safety multiple carried out under tyre inflating state and load on 3900kg state calculate, point
Analyse the difference and Variation Features of tire safety multiple under inflation and load condition；Experimental Comparison is carried out by hydraulic pressure demolition, always
Knot designs a set of completely new carcass safety multiple calculation formula.
Detailed description of the invention
The ELEMENT MESH GRAPH of a certain section of Fig. 1 all-steel radial tire.
The enlarged drawing of a certain unit of Fig. 2 carcass.
Fig. 3 is that the change that the blowing pressure is 0.83Mpa, 0.93Mpa, C60-225HT carcass each unit safety multiple is intended to.
Fig. 4 is the variation diagram that the blowing pressure is 0.83Mpa, 0.93Mpa, C60-175HT carcass each unit safety multiple
Fig. 5 is that the blowing pressure is 0.83Mpa, under load 3900kg operating condition, the ungrounded section each unit of C60-225HT carcass
Safety multiple variation diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the blowing pressure is 0.83Mpa, under load 3900kg operating condition, and C60-175HT carcass is grounded section each unit
Full multiple variation diagram.
Fig. 7 is that conventional security multiple calculates carcass schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is finite element analysis computation solution procedure.
Fig. 9 is finite element analysis analysis and safety multiple calculation process.
Specific embodiment
1, tire material model and tire construction mechanics finite element analysis are summarized
Herein, briefly general to some theory and technologies works involved in tire construction finite element analysis software are developed first
It states.
1.1 model of element
Using two kinds of model of element: the slotting unit such as eight node hexahedrons and six node pentahedron isoparametric elements.
1.2 material model
Rubber material Incoercibility is solved with Lagrangian multiplier method, and its physical nonlinearity Mooney-
Rivlin model is simulated, strain energy density function description:
W(I1,I2)=C10(I1-3)+C01(I2-3)
Wherein I1 and I2 is respectively to strain the first and second invariants, and C10 and C01 are the material constant determining by experiment.
It for rubber-base composite material, is simulated with orthotropic material model, corresponding Equivalent Elasticity mould
Amount is determined by modulus and volume fraction the Halpin-Tsai equation of rubber material and reinforcing fiber materials
1.3 geometrical model
Large deformation for tire is described using Lagrangian method, and strain tensor and stress tensor are taken as respectively
Green-Lagrangian strain tensor E and the second class Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor S can be respectively indicated are as follows:
Wherein ∑ is first kind Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor.Herein, Green-Lagrangian strain tensor
E can be expressed as again with displacement:
1.4 equilibrium equation
Enabling q0 is the body force being defined in initial configuration, then uses first kind Piola Kirchhoff stress tensor ∑ table
The equilibrium equation shown are as follows:
Div ∑+q0=0
1.5 constitutive equation
For elastic fluid, with the second class Piola Kirchhoff stress tensor S and Green-Lagrangian strain
Measure the constitutive equation that E is indicated are as follows:
Sij=DijklEkl
If tetradic DijklIt is the function of strain tensor E, then is nonlinear elasticity；If DijklIt is constant tensor, then
It is linear elasticity.Sometimes non linear elastic constitutive relation equation is indicated with Increment Matrix form:
DS=DT De
1.6 contact problems
The contact treatment of tire and ground
How difficult point that contact area be Nonlinear Analysis of Tires is handled.Effect between tire and ground is a large deformation
Contact problems.The outstanding feature of contact problems is that contact boundary condition can not be determined in advance.It is well known that linear contact problem
Solution is obtained after the shape for having made contact area assumes and contact force distribution pattern assumes, here it is famous Hertz vacations
It is fixed.And nonlinear large deformation is contacted, it is impossible to understand the shape of contact zone and the distribution form of contact force in advance.For
Problem above, using the concept of variable bound and constraint increment.Its basic thought is: providing before each step is calculated and executed unilateral
The constraint knots modification of displacement constraint and being substituted into increment equilibrium equation is calculated, and is saved at any time according to constraint reaction and freely
Point in-migration changes restrained boundary.As free node displacement increment can be with superposition, constraint increment can also superposition.Last
Restrained boundary obtains together with global displacement field；The advantages of this method is computational accuracy height, fast convergence rate.
The contact treatment of tire and wheel rim
It is few referring to wheel rim constraint in Research Literature, simple fixed constraint processing hand has only been used having
Method[6].And in practical situation, between tire and wheel rim, there is interference fit relations, when tire is attached to wheel rim, bead part
One " interior receipts " displacement will be generated and " lock ring " of wheel rim will be acted on.Since difference is huge in modulus for wire loop and adjacent material
Greatly, it will be inevitably generated a stress concentration region in tyre bead portion, this stress concentration region will generate shadow to tire construction
It rings.It is not that nature is closely sealed additionally, due to bead part outer rim shape and rim base, so first when tire is mounted on wheel rim
It first there is large deformation between tyre bead and wheel rim to contact.Simultaneously because rim surface has hyperbolicity structure, this contact is asked
It inscribes more complicated than the contact between tire and ground and is difficult to handle.Here it is solved using variable constraint method.This problem
It is such that and the constraint reaction for being located at every bit on contact surface is divided into tangential and two components of normal direction, if ratio between two
Less than a certain preset number, then the point is stayed fixed motionless, and otherwise the point is creep setpoint, and slippage is to constrain increment, and about
The tangential component of Shu Fanli is contrary and directly proportional.Point after sliding should also be located in containment surfaces.It constantly iterates to calculate simultaneously
Adjustment creep setpoint position keep tangential force smaller, when all obligatory points all stay decide or a small range travelling when, just closely
Wheel rim Contact Boundary when seemingly having obtained without friction.
1.7 tire construction finite element analysis processes
Finite element analysis computation solution procedure is as shown in Figure 8.
Finite element analysis analysis and safety multiple calculation process are as shown in Figure 9.
2, the calculating of finite element safety multiple
Finite element is the approximate numerical method for seeking general continuous domain problem, is a branch of Computational Mechanics, solves differential
A kind of numerical method of equation problem.For tire, be exactly by one piece tyre it is discrete for a units individuals up to ten thousand (such as Fig. 1, certain
The grid chart that one section tire divides), then the framework material carcass as tire a part is equally composed of multiple units (such as
Fig. 2, the enlarged drawing of a certain carcass unit), our available each units and stress field, strain field by finite element analysis.
The strength and tension suffered by monofilament reality that the safety multiple of carcass each unit should be equal to carcass monofilament
Ratio.
Therefore, the safety multiple calculation formula of carcass each unit indicates are as follows:
Wherein B single cord Fracture Force (N/ root), LelemUnit circumferential lengths (cm), a0Cord density coefficient, uendsCord
Roll density (root/cm), EelemUnit cord-thread direction tensile stress (N/cm2), SelemUnit cord-thread direction sectional area (cm2)。
The Fracture Force B of carcass individual wire can obtain data by tension test, and (steel wire producer and tire enterprise are conventional
Test item), Lelem、SelemFor grid dividing basic parameter, EelemIt can be calculated and be obtained by finite element dynamics, wherein
That is assembly drum radius RdumWith unit radius of gravity center RelemRatio, reflect cell position difference cord density change
Change.
In view of carcass destroys first in most weak spot, usually occur in tire shoulder and sidewall transitional region, that is,
The quick-fried position of tire zipper.Therefore carcass general safety multiple takes the minimum value of its each unit safety multiple, i.e.,
W=min wi, i=1,2,3....n, n are carcass unit number. (3)
Safety times of the carcass each unit when inflation pressure of tire is 0.83Mpa, 0.93Mpa is set forth in Fig. 3~Fig. 6
Number numerical value and the blowing pressure are 0.83Mpa load in the variation of the ground area 3900kg safety multiple, have studied safety multiple
(calculating of the tradition based on boundary-layer theory only calculates the safety times under inflated condition for variation under inflation and different applying working conditions
Number, can not carry out calculating under different applying working conditions).
3, test case
One, tire material performance test, the foundation of material model.
Including sizing material, steel-wire carcass material, steel wire/rubber composite material etc., material property input file is established.
Remarks: steel-wire carcass testing of materials obtains the Fracture Force B of carcass cord.
Two, tire product design and material distribution drawing are drawn.
Remarks: this part will obtain uendsCarcass ply rolls density (root/cm), a0Cord density coefficient reflects different positions
Set the variation of cord (unit) cord density.That is assembly drum radius RdumWith unit radius of gravity center RelemRatio,
Three, finite element analysis computation is carried out to product using the simulation analysis software of independent research.Including various aerated worts
Calculate and inflate lower carry calculation etc..By pre-treatment, calculating, last handling process, stress, the strain, position of carcass each unit are obtained
Shifting, geological information etc..It is detailed in above-mentioned " finite element analysis analysis and safety multiple calculation process ".
Remarks: this part is available, the inflation pressure of tire P as input parameter；The geometry of the carcass unit of extraction
Information, element length Lelem, unit cord-thread direction cross-sectional area Selem；FEM calculation obtains carcass each unit cord-thread direction (i.e.
Through to) tensile stress Eelem, so far, all parameters that the present invention calculates have obtained.
Four, the calculating of carcass safety multiple
The safety multiple calculation formula of carcass each unit
The destruction of carcass first occurs at most weak spot, therefore tire belt general safety multiple takes its each unit
The minimum value of safety multiple.
Therefore carcass general safety multiple takes the minimum value of its each unit safety multiple, i.e.,
W=min wi, i=1,2,3....n, n are carcass unit number.
4, main feature and technical advantage of the invention
1) finite element analysis technology of the development of mechanics of tire by boundary-layer theory, theory of thin shell till now, tire have
Finite element analysis technology is more advanced mechanics of tire analysis means, therefore its computational accuracy is substantially improved.
2) the present invention is based on the tire construction mechanics finite element analysis technologies and material model of independent intellectual property right, to carcass
Safety multiple calculating give finite element formula, the carcass safety multiple of tire entirety can not only be provided, and can give
The safety multiple of each position of carcass (finite elements) out, while the safety multiple under different applying working conditions can also be described, it compares
Conventional security multiple calculation formula has huge advantage, and conventional security multiple can only calculate the safety times of tire integral inflating operating condition
Number.
3) hydraulic bursting test, finite element safety multiple calculate, conventional security multiple calculate three's correlation data show (see
Table 1), 5% or so, traditional carcass safety multiple calculating ratio is practical for finite element carcass safety multiple and actual test control errors
Test value bigger than normal 10%~20%, therefore, the present invention substantially increase the computational accuracy of carcass safety multiple, all-steel radial tire tire
The calculating of body safety multiple is the basic parameter of tire product design, and the present invention is of great significance to industry theory development.
1 hydraulic bursting test of table test, safety multiple of the present invention calculate, conventional security multiple evaluation compares
Claims (2)
1. a kind of safety multiple calculation method of carcass each unit, it is characterised in that this method using formula below into
Row calculates:
Wherein: B is belt single cord Fracture Force, and unit is N/ root；
LelemFor unit circumferential lengths, unit cm；
a0For cord density coefficient；
uendsCord rolls density, and unit is root/cm；
EelemUnit cord-thread direction is circumferential tensile stress, unit N/cm2；
SelemUnit cord-thread direction cross-sectional area, unit cm2；
DescribedThat is assembly drum radius RdumWith unit radius of gravity center RelemRatio.
2. a kind of carcass safety multiple calculation method of all-steel radial tyre, it is characterised in that this method uses claim 1
The formula calculate the safety multiple of each unit, and tire belt general safety multiple takes its each unit safety multiple
Minimum value, obtain tire belt general safety multiple value, i.e. W=minwi, i=1,2,3....n, n are carcass unit
Number.
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| CN108614951B (en) * | 2018-06-09 | 2022-05-20 | 风神轮胎股份有限公司 | Finite element analysis method for identifying bead bulge position of all-steel radial tire |
| CN109895561A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-18 | 中策橡胶集团有限公司 | Pneumatic radial tire for heavy load |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103182909A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-07-03 | 安徽佳通轮胎有限公司 | Design method for strength of semisteel tire bead |
| CN104182610A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-12-03 | 尹伯亚 | Method for calculating safety factor of bead rings of all-steel radial tire |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4152338B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2008-09-17 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Tire design method and program |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103182909A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-07-03 | 安徽佳通轮胎有限公司 | Design method for strength of semisteel tire bead |
| CN104182610A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-12-03 | 尹伯亚 | Method for calculating safety factor of bead rings of all-steel radial tire |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 3＋9＋15×0.225HT钢丝帘线在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用;贾立勇等;《橡胶科技》;20141031(第10期);44-46 |
| Tire Design Methodology Based on Safety Factor to Satisfy Tire Life;K. Kabe等;《Tire Science and Technology》;20051031;第33卷(第4期);195-209 |
| 载重子午线轮胎帘线受力有限元分析;陈芳等;《橡胶工业》;20080229;第55卷(第2期);80-84 |
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Address after: 310018 No. 1, No. 1 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Patentee after: Zhongce Rubber Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 310018 No.2, 10th Street, Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: ZHONGCE RUBBER GROUP Co.,Ltd. |