CN106445799A - Software testing method and device - Google Patents

Software testing method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106445799A
CN106445799A CN201510474272.XA CN201510474272A CN106445799A CN 106445799 A CN106445799 A CN 106445799A CN 201510474272 A CN201510474272 A CN 201510474272A CN 106445799 A CN106445799 A CN 106445799A
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China
Prior art keywords
business model
test
software
function
under testing
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Pending
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CN201510474272.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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牛标
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Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
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Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
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Priority to CN201510474272.XA priority Critical patent/CN106445799A/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a software testing method and device. The software testing method comprises the following steps of: establishing a business model of software to be tested, wherein the business model reflects the function points, which need to be tested, of the software to be tested; according to the business model, generating a test case; and according to the test case, carrying out exploratory testing on the software to be tested. By use of the software testing method, the business model is taken as guidance to generate the test case, the test case and the function points which need to be tested have a visual mapping relationship, the test case can more comprehensively cover the function points which need to be tested, testing coverage is good, and a testing effect is good since the exploratory testing is carried out on the basis of the test case with good coverage.

Description

Method for testing software and device
【Technical field】
The application is related to software testing technology field, more particularly, to a kind of method for testing software and device.
【Background technology】
Heuristic test is a kind of free software test style, emphasizes that tester carries out test simultaneously and learns Practise, test the activities such as design, test execution and test result assessment, with Continuous optimization test job.Make For a kind of method of thinking, heuristic test is emphasized to select suitable test according to current context (context) Technology, and it is not limited to specific measuring technology.
Software is carried out with heuristic test, needs to generate the required test case (case) of test.Existing Have in technology, usually tester relies on personal experience's design to be surveyed after software is learnt and understands Example on probation, lacks clearly design guidance, between designed test case and the function point needing test Lack and intuitively map, lead to test case not comprehensive to the covering of the function point that needs are tested, test Spreadability is relatively low, and test effect is poor.
【Content of the invention】
The many aspects of the application provide a kind of method for testing software and device, in order to improve Test coverage Property, improve test effect.
The one side of the application, provides a kind of method for testing software, including:
Set up the business model of software under testing, described business model reflects that described software under testing needs test Function point;
According to described business model, generate test case;
According to described test case, heuristic test is carried out to described software under testing.
The another aspect of the application, provides a kind of software testing device, including:
Set up module, for setting up the business model of software under testing, described business model reflection is described to be measured Software needs the function point of test;
Generation module, for according to described business model, generating test case;
Test module, for according to described test case, carrying out heuristic test to described software under testing.
In this application, set up the business model of software under testing, this business model reflection software under testing needs The function point of test, based on the business model of software under testing, generates test case, according to test case, Heuristic test is carried out to software under testing.Need because business model can more comprehensively describe software under testing Function point to be tested, thus the application with business model for instruct generate test case, test case with Between the function point needing test, there are intuitively mapping relations, test case can more comprehensively cover Need the function point of test, test coverage preferably, is explored based on the preferable test case of spreadability Formula is tested, and test effect is preferable.
【Brief description】
For the technical scheme being illustrated more clearly that in the embodiment of the present application, below will be to embodiment or existing Technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, below describe in Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, is not paying creation Property laborious on the premise of, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The schematic flow sheet of the method for testing software that Fig. 1 provides for the application one embodiment;
The schematic diagram of the business Use Case Map that Fig. 2 provides for the application one embodiment;
The schematic diagram of the business process map that Fig. 3 provides for the application one embodiment;
The structural representation of the software testing device that Fig. 4 provides for the application one embodiment;
The structural representation of the software testing device that Fig. 5 provides for another embodiment of the application.
【Specific embodiment】
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage for making the embodiment of the present application are clearer, below in conjunction with this Shen Please accompanying drawing in embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, Obviously, described embodiment is some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work The every other embodiment obtaining, broadly falls into the scope of the application protection.
The schematic flow sheet of the method for testing software that Fig. 1 provides for the application one embodiment.As shown in figure 1, The method includes:
101st, set up the business model of software under testing, this business model reflects that software under testing needs test Function point.
102nd, according to above-mentioned business model, generate test case.
103rd, according to above-mentioned test case, heuristic test is carried out to software under testing.
The present embodiment provides a kind of method for testing software, can be executed by software testing device, in order to soft Part is tested.
In prior art, tester is usually to rely on personal experience to generate test case, and this mode is given birth to The test case becoming lacks guiding, and the test case being generated is not comprehensive to the covering of function point, test Spreadability is poor, therefore tests effect on driving birds is not good.For this problem, the present embodiment provides a kind of software test Method, in the method for testing software that the present embodiment provides, for software under testing, initially sets up its business Model, the business model generation test case based on software under testing afterwards, and then according to the test being generated Use-case is tested.Wherein, business model can more intuitively reflect software under testing, from business procedure, The angle of the corresponding state of affairs of client and business participant is describing the business mistake that software under testing is realized Journey, can more comprehensively reflect in the business procedure and business procedure that software under testing realized needs to survey The function point of examination.Therefore, with the business model of software under testing be according to generate test case, test case And need there is direct mapping it is ensured that test case is more comprehensively covered between the function point of test Lid function point, is improved test coverage, further, is tested based on the preferable test case of spreadability, Test effect is just preferably.
Here illustrates, the application is not defined to software under testing, and software under testing can be various softwares, Such as Games Software, MSN, E-business Software, office software, compressed software, input Method software, customer relation management (Customer Relationship Management, CRM) software Deng.
In the above-described embodiments it is necessary first to set up the business model of software under testing.Set up software under testing Business model is substantially and is described allomeric function, the entirety that software under testing is realized in the way of software model Between function that subservice in service constitution, overall service constitution, subservice are realized and subservice Interaction etc..By the business model of software under testing, it is real that tester can hold software under testing institute comprehensively The function that existing allomeric function (or referred to as overall value), service constitution, each subservice are realized with And the cooperation relation between each subservice, simultaneously can more easily each risk of control, and then permissible According to business model clearly output need test function point, using in whole test process as guidance.
A kind of mode of the business model setting up software under testing includes:
Operational analysis are carried out to software under testing, with obtain the overall service constitution of software under testing, allomeric function, Interaction between the function of subservice and subservice in software to be tested;
Work(according to subservice in the overall service constitution of software to be tested, allomeric function, software to be tested Interaction between energy and subservice, sets up the business model figure for describing business model.
Wherein, business model can be described by business model figure.According to the difference of software under testing, industry Business illustraton of model would also vary from.In general, business model figure can include object diagram, class figure, friendship Mutually figure, business Use Case Map, at least one of operation flow in figure.
Wherein, using different business illustraton of model, business model is described, industry is being entered to software under testing It is desirable to tester thinks deeply from different angles, learns, analyzes software under testing during business analysis.Example As if describing business model using business Use Case Map, needed tester to find the execution of software under testing Person, that is, user;Need while finding user clear and definite software under testing is related to further key element, Role, function etc., need clear and definite business use-case further after clear and definite user, that is to say software under testing institute The function of realizing.Again for example, if describing business model using business process map, tester is needed to examine Consider the related interaction between subservice.Business process map is implementing of business use-case, uses object-oriented Thought operation flow is described, be considered as entering for finishing service use-case between a series of business objects The cooperation of row.Business process map has intuitively reacted the friendship between the service constitution of software under testing, subservice Function that mutual and each height is realized etc..
Illustrate it is assumed that the allomeric function that software under testing is realized is:Based on Third Party Authentication mechanism Authentication function.The corresponding operation flow of this allomeric function is:Salesman gathers client through various channels After information, customer information is submitted to Verification System, customer information is handed over after internal authentication by Verification System Deliver to Third Party Authentication mechanism to customer information certification further, and feed back authentication result to Verification System. Tester carries out operational analysis using above-mentioned embodiment to software under testing, finally sets up its corresponding industry Business Use Case Map and business process map, respectively as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
In fig. 2, the business use-case that Verification System is related to includes:Certification application, certification is audited, certification Hang up, certification is changed, authentication revocation, certification is urgent and authentication challenge.In figure 3, authentication business Flow process relates generally to:Process customer information, authentication processing, record authentication information, internal check, certification Business distributes, and certification accepts, and authentication processing.
In the above-described embodiments, after the business model setting up software under testing, need based on this business mould Type, generates test case.Based on business model is described using business model figure, described according to business model, Generate test case and be actually based on business model figure, the process of design test case.This process is concrete For:Business model figure is analyzed, with the function point that the determines software under testing association related to function point Make the information such as the risk of function point and software under testing presence, and then software under testing is generated according to these information Feature list;Based on the feature list being generated, design test case.
Continue taking shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 as a example to illustrate.Shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3:Certification system The function that system provides mainly includes:Record authentication information, certification application, certification examination & verification, certification hang up, Certification change, authentication revocation, certification be urgent and authentication challenge etc..It is further contemplated that Verification System The collaboration feature being related to mainly includes:Authentication information stores, internal check, the friendship with Third Party Authentication business Mutually, database purchase, rights management, authentication state record, authentication result management and ways of presentation Deng.In conjunction with the business Use Case Map shown in Fig. 2 and the business process map shown in Fig. 3, ultimately generate as table 1 Shown feature list.
Table 1
By above-mentioned functions list, tester can think deeply the value of software under testing offer clearly, comprehensively, Set up the trunk of feature list;And for specific function point, tester can use its technical ability and warp Test clearly depict the branch of feature list and the details of function point it is also conceivable to from this function point Related collaboration feature point goes to excavate the defect that software under testing exists.In addition, passing through above-mentioned functions list, Tester may stand in the angle of user's use, stands in the whether rational angle of functional design, stands in brokenly The angle of bad person, stands in the whether correct angle of function, stands in the angle in market etc. and consider software under testing Quality problems.
As the above analysis, feature list provides enough information for test process, therefore permissible Feature list is regarded as coverage rate guide, generates the test case covering each function point, test coverage Higher, based on the test case being generated, test each function point one by one, and according to dependent coordination function Point completes corresponding result inspection, improves test effect preferable.What deserves to be explained is, each function point is permissible Corresponding one or more test cases.
In this application, using heuristic test mode, software under testing is tested.Use obtaining test After example, according to test case, heuristic test is carried out to software under testing.
Further, in above-mentioned test process, business mould can also be revised according to heuristic test result Type, forms a kind of closed loop test mode.Specifically, can determine and improve according to heuristic test result Point, this improvement is at least one of service logic, software code and testing scheme;According to really Fixed improvement, revises business model.
For example, current problem and risk are recorded it is assumed that finding sending certification system after heuristic test terminates System interactive session message sends does not have retry mechanism or timeout threshold setting unreasonable, then once survey upper Need to increase other abnormality tests of this function point during examination, this belongs to the improvement of testing scheme, is based on This improves business model, and then guides improvement testing scheme.
The application by software under testing is carried out abstract, analysis set up business model, and adopt business use-case The modes such as figure, business process map are described to business model, can be more efficient for instructing with business model Development heuristic test, test logic become apparent from, measurement direction definitely, each function point Can be mapped in business model, and then this business model plays directive function well in whole process, Therefore test effect is preferable.In addition, continuing to optimize test by feeding back thought in heuristic test process Test result can be fed back to business model simultaneously, be further mapped to business realizing by scheme further On, thus defining the heuristic testing scheme of closed loop.
It should be noted that for aforesaid each method embodiment, in order to be briefly described, therefore by its all table State as a series of combination of actions, but those skilled in the art should know, the application is not retouched The restriction of the sequence of movement stated, because according to the application, some steps can be sequentially or same using other Shi Jinhang.Secondly, those skilled in the art also should know, embodiment described in this description all belongs to In preferred embodiment, necessary to involved action and module not necessarily the application.
In the above-described embodiments, the description to each embodiment all emphasizes particularly on different fields, and does not have in certain embodiment The part describing in detail, may refer to the associated description of other embodiment.
The structural representation of the software testing device that Fig. 4 provides for the application one embodiment.As shown in figure 4, This device includes:Set up module 41, generation module 42 and test module 43.
Set up module 41, for setting up the business model of software under testing, this business model reflects software under testing Need the function point of test.
Generation module 42, for according to the business model setting up module 41 foundation, generating test case.
Test module 43, for the test case being generated according to generation module 42, is carried out to software under testing Heuristic is tested.
In an optional embodiment, set up module 41 specifically for:
Operational analysis are carried out to software under testing, with obtain the overall service constitution of software under testing, allomeric function, Interaction between the function of subservice and subservice in software to be tested;
Work(according to subservice in the overall service constitution of software to be tested, allomeric function, software to be tested Interaction between energy and subservice, sets up the business model figure for describing business model.
Optionally, above-mentioned business model figure can include object diagram, class figure, interaction figure, business Use Case Map, At least one of operation flow in figure.
In an optional embodiment, generation module 42 is particularly used in:
Business model figure is analyzed, to determine function point and the function point of software under testing needs test Related collaboration feature point and the risk of presence;
The function point of the test collaboration feature point related to function point and presence are needed according to software under testing Risk, systematic function list;
Based on feature list, design test case.
Further, as shown in figure 5, this device also includes:Correcting module 44.
Correcting module 44, for the heuristic test result exporting according to test module 43, revises business Model.
Optionally, correcting module 44 specifically for:
According to heuristic test result, determine improvement, improvement be service logic, software code and At least one of testing scheme;
According to improvement, revise business model.
The software testing device that the present embodiment provides, sets up the business model of software under testing, this business model Reflection software under testing needs the function point of test, based on the business model of software under testing, generates test case, According to test case, heuristic test is carried out to software under testing.Because business model can be more comprehensive Description software under testing needs the function point of test, so the software testing device that the present embodiment provides is with business Model is to instruct to generate test case, has and intuitively reflect between test case and the function point needing test Penetrate relation, test case can more comprehensively cover the function point needing test, test coverage is preferable, Heuristic test is carried out based on the preferable test case of spreadability, test effect is preferable.
Those skilled in the art can be understood that, for convenience and simplicity of description, above-mentioned retouches The specific work process of the system, apparatus, and unit stated, may be referred to the correspondence in preceding method embodiment Process, will not be described here.
It should be understood that disclosed system in several embodiments provided herein, device and Method, can realize by another way.For example, device embodiment described above is only shown Meaning property, for example, the division of described unit, only a kind of division of logic function, actual can when realizing There to be other dividing mode, for example multiple units or assembly can in conjunction with or be desirably integrated into another System, or some features can ignore, or do not execute.Another, shown or discussed each other Coupling direct-coupling or communication connection can be the INDIRECT COUPLING of device or unit by some interfaces Or communication connection, can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
The described unit illustrating as separating component can be or may not be physically separate, make For the part that unit shows can be or may not be physical location, you can with positioned at a place, Or can also be distributed on multiple NEs.Can select according to the actual needs part therein or The whole unit of person is realizing the purpose of this embodiment scheme.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the application can be integrated in a processing unit In or unit is individually physically present it is also possible to two or more units are integrated in one In individual unit.Above-mentioned integrated unit both can be to be realized in the form of hardware, it would however also be possible to employ hardware adds The form of SFU software functional unit is realized.
The above-mentioned integrated unit realized in the form of SFU software functional unit, can be stored in a computer In read/write memory medium.Above-mentioned SFU software functional unit is stored in a storage medium, including some fingers Order is with so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or network equipment etc.) Or processor (processor) executes the part steps of each embodiment methods described of the application.And it is aforementioned Storage medium include:USB flash disk, portable hard drive, read only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), Random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disc or CD etc. are various Can be with the medium of store program codes.
Finally it should be noted that:Above example only in order to the technical scheme of the application to be described, rather than to it Limit;Although being described in detail to the application with reference to the foregoing embodiments, the ordinary skill of this area Personnel should be understood:It still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or Person carries out equivalent to wherein some technical characteristics;And these modifications or replacement, do not make corresponding skill The essence of art scheme departs from the spirit and scope of the application each embodiment technical scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for testing software is it is characterised in that include:
Set up the business model of software under testing, described business model reflects that described software under testing needs the work(of test Can point;
According to described business model, generate test case;
According to described test case, heuristic test is carried out to described software under testing.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the described business mould setting up software under testing Type, including:
Operational analysis are carried out to described software under testing, to obtain the overall service constitution of described software under testing, whole Interaction between the function of subservice and subservice in body function, described software to be tested;
According to the overall service constitution of described software to be tested, allomeric function, described software neutron industry to be tested Interaction between the function of business and subservice, sets up the business model figure for describing described business model.
3. method according to claim 2 it is characterised in that described according to described business model, raw Become test case, including:
Described business model figure is analyzed, with determine described software under testing need test function point and The related collaboration feature point of described function point and the risk of presence;
According to described software under testing need the function point collaboration feature point related to described function point of test with And the risk existing, systematic function list;
Based on described feature list, design described test case.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that also include:
According to heuristic test result, revise described business model.
5. method according to claim 4 it is characterised in that described according to heuristic test result, Revise described business model, including:
According to described heuristic test result, determine improvement, described improvement is service logic, software generation At least one of code and testing scheme;
According to described improvement, revise described business model.
6. a kind of software testing device is it is characterised in that include:
Set up module, for setting up the business model of software under testing, described business model reflection is described to be measured soft Part needs the function point of test;
Generation module, for according to described business model, generating test case;
Test module, for according to described test case, carrying out heuristic test to described software under testing.
7. device according to claim 6 it is characterised in that described set up module specifically for:
Operational analysis are carried out to described software under testing, to obtain the overall service constitution of described software under testing, whole Interaction between the function of subservice and subservice in body function, described software to be tested;
According to the overall service constitution of described software to be tested, allomeric function, described software neutron industry to be tested Interaction between the function of business and subservice, sets up the business model figure for describing described business model.
8. device according to claim 7 it is characterised in that described generation module specifically for:
Described business model figure is analyzed, with determine described software under testing need test function point and The related collaboration feature point of described function point and the risk of presence;
According to described software under testing need the function point collaboration feature point related to described function point of test with And the risk existing, systematic function list;
Based on described feature list, design described test case.
9. the device according to any one of claim 6-8 is it is characterised in that also include:
Correcting module, for according to heuristic test result, revising described business model.
10. device according to claim 9 it is characterised in that described correcting module specifically for:
According to described heuristic test result, determine improvement, described improvement is service logic, software generation At least one of code and testing scheme;
According to described improvement, revise described business model.
CN201510474272.XA 2015-08-05 2015-08-05 Software testing method and device Pending CN106445799A (en)

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CN109376081A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-02-22 深圳壹账通智能科技有限公司 The generation method and device of Test Strategy
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