CN106443617B - A kind of radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature - Google Patents
A kind of radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443617B CN106443617B CN201610801117.9A CN201610801117A CN106443617B CN 106443617 B CN106443617 B CN 106443617B CN 201610801117 A CN201610801117 A CN 201610801117A CN 106443617 B CN106443617 B CN 106443617B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
Abstract
The radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature that the invention discloses a kind of, spectrum envelope is constructed by the power spectrum of target distance image；5 characteristic attributes are extracted from spectrum envelope, including：Brightness, degree of irregularity, general power, the 5th to highest order harmonic components the sum of power account for the ratio of general power and the power of most strong spectral component accounts for the ratio of general power；This 5 characteristic attributes are combined and constitute the spectrum envelope feature F5 of one 5 dimension；Based on spectrum envelope, the spectrum envelope feature of two 4 dimensions is constructed, including：Preceding 4 order harmonic components H4 and preceding 4 strongest spectral component S4；F5 features are combined with H4 features and S4 features respectively, obtain the spectrum envelope feature of two 9 new dimensions：FH9 and FS9；Above-mentioned 5 spectrum envelope features are respectively adopted and carry out radar target recognition, the validity of each feature is assessed using measured data.The method of the present invention calculates simply, easy to implement, is very suitable for the engineer application of radar target recognition, introduces the concept of spectrum envelope.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Technology field, specifically a kind of target identification side of radar target High Range Resolution
Method.
Background technology
Radar target High Range Resolution reflects target and is distributed details and knot along the radial distance of radar line of sight well
Structure information has important value for target identification, and with the advantage for being easily obtained and handling, thus high based on radar target
The identification of resolution distance picture becomes the hot spot of radar target recognition area research.
The kinetic characteristic of radar target causes acquired Range Profile that can be translated relative to the reference position of radar, makes
Obtaining Range Profile has translation sensitive question.For the problem, pertinent literature proposes a variety of shift-invariant operators for radar
Target identification, wherein power spectrum characteristic is since its calculating is simple and is effectively widely used.In the prior art to power spectrum
There are mainly two types of methods for use：First, directly for identification using power spectrum as feature；Second is that using the low frequency part of power spectrum
It is general to choose preceding 10 dimension for identification as feature.First method can ensure all information being included in power spectrum all
It can be utilized, but there are larger redundancies, and intrinsic dimensionality is higher, the calculation amount of target identification is larger；Second method can be with
Redundancy is removed significantly, is reduced intrinsic dimensionality, but be also lost potential high frequency useful information simultaneously, can be influenced to a certain extent
Recognition effect, in addition, how to choose most effective characteristics of low-frequency is also a problem.
The definition of spectrum envelope is：The sequence being made of the amplitude peak of (standard) harmonic component of a signal.In general, time domain
The amplitude peak of each (standard) harmonic component corresponds to the peak amplitude of its power spectrum in signal.Therefore, spectrum envelope is considered as
The discrete series being made of the peak point on signal power spectral curve.It contains the almost all of useful information of power spectrum,
But its dimension is very low for power spectrum.(especially find pleasure in currently, the concept of spectrum envelope is only applied to voice signal
The voice signal of device) in identification field.Studies have shown that only according to spectrum envelope, just it is enough to carry out good area to voice signal
Divide and identifies.
Invention content
For above-mentioned prior art, there are computationally intensive, recognition effect is bad due to losing useful information and is difficult to choose
The problem of most effective feature, the present invention provides a kind of radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification sides based on spectrum envelope feature
Method.The method of the present invention calculate it is simple, convenient for the engineer application of radar target recognition, and radar target recognition can be effectively improved
It can, it is often more important that provide a kind of new approaches can be used for radar target recognition.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technological means：
Radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, includes the following steps：
A) target distance image that radar once observes is denoted as Xk=[x1,x2,…,xN], Fourier transformation is carried out simultaneously to it
Square of modulus obtains its power spectrum characteristic：Sk=[s1,s2,…,sN], wherein xiIndicate the echo width of i-th of range gate
Degree, siIndicate that the power on i-th of spectral line, N are sampling number；
B) it is based on power spectrum Sk, structure spectrum envelope { Ak,Pk}：Find power spectrum SkM peak point constitute spectrum envelope sequence
Row：Ak=[a1,a2,…,am], the corresponding position of spectral line of m peak point constitutes sequence：Pk=[p1,p2,…,pm], wherein m (m
< < N) be peak point sum, aiAnd piThe power of spectrum envelope ith harmonic component and its corresponding spectral line position are indicated respectively
It sets, { Ak,PkDefine Range Profile XkSpectrum envelope；
C) by spectrum envelope sequence AkIt is ranked up from big to small, obtains sequence：Bk=[b1,b2,…,bm], wherein biIt indicates
The power of the i-th most strong spectral component of spectrum envelope；
D) it is based on sequence Ak、PkAnd Bk, following 5 characteristic attributes are calculated, including：Brightness Brightness, degree of irregularity
Irregularity, general power TP, the 5th to highest order harmonic components the sum of power account for the ratio R5 of general power and most strong spectrum
The power of component accounts for the ratio R1 of general power；This 5 characteristic attributes are combined and constitute the spectrum envelope feature of one 5 dimension：F5
=[Brightness, Irregularity, TP, R5, R1]；
The computational methods of above-mentioned 5 characteristic attributes are specific as follows：
D1) brightness Brightness：
D2) degree of irregularity Irregularity：
D3) general power TP：
D4) the 5th ratio R5 for accounting for general power to the sum of the power of highest order harmonic components：
D5) power of most strong spectral component accounts for the ratio R1 of general power：
E) it is based on sequence AkAnd Bk, the spectrum envelope feature of following two 4 dimensions of construction, including：Preceding 4 order harmonic components H4 and preceding 4
A strongest spectral component S4；The specific method is as follows：
E1 4 order harmonic components H4 before)：H4=[a1,a2,a3,a4]
E2) first 4 strongest harmonic component S4：S4=[b1,b2,b3,b4]
F) F5 features are combined with H4 features and S4 features respectively, obtain the spectrum envelope feature of two 9 new dimensions：
FH9=[F5, H4] and FS9=[F5, S4]；
G 5 spectrum envelope features of above-mentioned construction) are respectively adopted：F5, H4, S4 and FH9 and FS9 carry out radar target knowledge
Not, the validity of each feature is assessed using measured data.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1. the present invention provides a kind of the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, this method
It calculates simply, it is easy to implement, it is very suitable for the engineer application of radar target recognition；
2. the concept of spectrum envelope is introduced into radar target recognition by the present invention, extracted from the spectrum envelope of target distance image
And 5 spectrum envelope features are constructed for carrying out target identification, provide a kind of new side for radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification
Method and new approaches；
3. the present invention construct 5 spectrum envelope features remain well target distance image spectrum information and dimension compared with
It is low, the performance and efficiency of radar target recognition can be effectively improved.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of this present invention, this
The illustrative embodiments and their description of invention are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow of the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method provided by the invention based on spectrum envelope feature
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the time domain waveform of a width Range Profile of An aircrafts；
Fig. 3 is the power spectrum curve and peak point of Range Profile in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the spectrum envelope of Range Profile in Fig. 2.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific implementation mode, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 4, a kind of radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature is specific real
Apply that steps are as follows：
Step A) target distance image that once observes of radar is denoted as Xk=[x1,x2,…,xN], carry out Fourier transformation simultaneously
Square of modulus obtains its power spectrum：Sk=[s1,s2,…,sN], wherein N is sampling number；
Step B) the power spectrum S based on Range Profilek, structure spectrum envelope { Ak,Pk}；When implementing, the specific of spectrum envelope is built
Operating method is：
Find power spectrum SkM peak point constitute spectrum envelope sequence：Ak=[a1,a2,…,am], m peak point is corresponding
Position constitutes sequence：Pk=[p1,p2,…,pm], wherein m (m < < N) is the sum of peak point, { Ak,PkDefine distance
As XkSpectrum envelope.
In one embodiment of the invention, radar is observed An aircrafts a width Range Profile as shown in Fig. 2,
Fig. 3 is the power spectrum curve of the Range Profile, 8 peak points of power spectrum is shown in figure, Fig. 4 is made of these peak points
The Range Profile spectrum envelope.
Step C) by spectrum envelope sequence AkIt is ranked up from big to small, obtaining sequence is：Bk=[b1,b2,…,bm]；
Step D) it is based on sequence Ak、PkAnd Bk, following 5 characteristic attributes are calculated, including：Brightness (Brightness) is not advised
Then spend (Irregularity), general power (TP), the 5th to highest order harmonic components the sum of power account for the ratio (R5) of general power
And the power of most strong spectral component accounts for the ratio (R1) of general power；This 5 characteristic attributes are combined and constitute the spectrum of one 5 dimension
Envelope characteristic：F5=[Brightness, Irregularity, TP, R5, R1]；When implementing, the meter of above-mentioned 5 characteristic attributes
Calculation method is specific as follows：
D1) brightness (Brightness)
Brightness refers to the brightness or sharpness of (sound) signal, can be measured with the barycenter of spectrum envelope, calculates
Formula is：
D2) degree of irregularity (Irregularity)
The calculation formula of spectrum envelope degree of irregularity is：
By definition it is found that degree of irregularity can regard a kind of local standard deviation as, adjacent three are embodied in spectrum envelope
The Energy distribution relationship of harmonic component.
D3) general power (TP)
The calculation formula of spectrum envelope general power is：
It reflects the size of target backscattering coefficient from frequency domain angle.
D4) the 5th ratio (R5) for accounting for general power to the sum of the power of highest order harmonic components
The calculation formula for the ratio that the sum of the power of spectrum envelope the 5th to highest order harmonic components accounts for general power is：
The physical meaning of R5 features is as follows：It is known that three color attributes of visual signal (red, blue, green), accordingly,
Also there are three tone color attributes (three color values 1, three color values 2, three color values 3) for voice signal, wherein three color values 1 are defined as 1 subharmonic point
The power of amount accounts for the ratio of general power, and three color values 2 are defined as the 2nd ratio that general power is accounted for the sum of the power of the 4th harmonic component
Example, three color values 3 are defined as the 5th ratio that general power is accounted for the sum of the power of m order harmonic components；So what the present invention defined
R5 features are exactly three color values 3 in fact, it substantially describes the ratio shared by the high fdrequency component of power spectrum.
D5) power of most strong spectral component accounts for the ratio (R1) of general power
The calculation formula for the ratio that the power of the most strong spectral component of spectrum envelope accounts for general power is：
Step E) it is based on sequence AkAnd Bk, the spectrum envelope feature of following two 4 dimensions is defined, including：Preceding 4 order harmonic components
(H4) and preceding 4 strongest spectral components (S4)；When implementing, the building method of the two spectrum envelope features is specific as follows：
E1 the building method of 4 order harmonic components (H4) is before)：
H4=[a1,a2,a3,a4]；
E2) building method of first 4 strongest harmonic components (S4) is：
S4=[b1,b2,b3,b4]。
Step F) F5 features and H4 features are combined, obtain the spectrum envelope feature of a 9 new dimensions：
FH9=[F5, H4]；
F5 features and S4 features are combined, the spectrum envelope feature of a 9 new dimensions is obtained：
FS9=[F5, S4]；
Step G) above 5 constructed spectrum envelope features are respectively adopted：F5, H4, S4 and FH9 and FS9 carry out radar
Target identification assesses the validity of each feature using measured data.
The effect of the method provided by the present invention is verified with reference to experimental example.
Experimental example
Experiment data used are the country's three kinds of aircrafts (An, Cessna, Yak) of certain C-band ISAR radars pair in outfield experiments
Middle acquired High Range Resolution data, each aircraft include 260 Range Profiles.In experiment, for the data of each aircraft,
Use the model split of extracted at equal intervals for 10 groups, i.e.,：Then every group of 26 samples carry out 10 experiments respectively.1st reality
It tests, takes the 1st group of each aircraft, totally 26 × 3=78 width Range Profile is 9 groups other as template, totally 26 × 9 × 3=702 width
Range Profile is classified for testing using nearest neighbor method；2nd experiment takes the 2nd group of each aircraft to be used as template, other
9 groups for testing；Wheel pushes away successively.Finally, the result that 10 times are tested is averaged, obtains final discrimination.
Table 1, which gives, is respectively adopted above-mentioned 5 spectrum envelope features：F5, H4, S4 and FH9 and FS9 carry out radar target knowledge
Other result.It can see by the experimental result in table 1：
1) three spectrum envelope features are based respectively on：F5, H4 and S4 carry out target identification, and relatively satisfactory identification effect can be obtained
Fruit, wherein the discrimination highest of F5 features, the discrimination of H4 features take second place, and the discrimination of H4 features is relatively minimum.
Analyze itself the reason is as follows that：H4 features are constituted by the 1st of spectrum envelope the to the 4th harmonic component, and S4 features are by spectrum envelope
Strongest 4 spectral components are constituted, in conjunction with Fig. 4, you can know the difference between H4 features and S4 features, it is clear that S4 aspect ratios H4 is special
It levies to contain the spectrum information of more target distance images, so, the discrimination based on S4 features is higher than based on H4 features
Discrimination；By its building method it is found that F5 features contain more rich target range for H4 features and S4 features
The spectrum information of picture, such as：Spectrum power, spectral centroid, spectrum component relative size distribution, most strong spectral component ratio and
The ratio etc. of high frequency spectrum components, so, carrying out target identification based on F5 features can obtain higher than based on H4 features and S4 features
Discrimination.
2) discrimination of the discrimination relative to F5 features, H4 features and S4 features based on FH9 features and FS9 features,
There is raising by a relatively large margin.
Analyze itself the reason is as follows that：The comprehensive characteristics that FH9 features are F5 features and H4 features are combined and constitute, FS9
It is characterized in the comprehensive characteristics that F5 features and S4 features are combined and are constituted；From the perspective of information fusion, when multiple lists
When having certain complementary relationship between feature, the recognition effect of combination features will necessarily be better than the identification effect of any single feature
Fruit；By the building method of three features it is found that being satisfied by between F5 features and H4 features, between F5 features and S4 features certain
Complementary relationship, thus, target identification is carried out based on FH9 features and FS9 features, recognition performance can be effectively improved.
In conclusion present invention introduces the concept of spectrum envelope, one kind is provided for radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification
New approaches, construct 5 spectrum envelope features remain well target distance image spectrum information and dimension it is very low, can be effective
Improve the performance and efficiency of radar target recognition.In addition, the method for the present invention calculates simply, and it is easy to implement, it is very suitable for radar
The engineer application of target identification.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Recognition result (%) of the table 1 based on 5 spectrum envelope features
Claims (5)
1. a kind of radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, which is characterized in that this method includes：
A) target distance image that radar once observes is denoted as Xk=[x1,x2,…,xN], Fourier transformation and modulus are carried out to it
Square, obtain its power spectrum characteristic：Sk=[s1,s2,…,sN], wherein xiIndicate the echo amplitude of i-th of range gate, si
Indicate that the power on i-th of spectral line, N are sampling number；
B) it is based on power spectrum Sk, structure spectrum envelope { Ak,Pk, wherein AkFor spectrum envelope sequence, PkIt is corresponding with spectrum envelope sequence
Position of spectral line sequence；
C) by spectrum envelope sequence AkIt is ranked up from big to small, obtains sequence：Bk=[b1,b2,…,bm], wherein bjIndicate spectrum packet
The power of the j-th most strong spectral component of network, wherein m are the sum of peak point, and m < < N；
D) it is based on sequence Ak、PkAnd Bk, 5 characteristic attributes are calculated, including：Brightness Brightness, degree of irregularity
Irregularity, general power TP, the 5th to highest order harmonic components the sum of power account for the ratio R5 of general power and most strong spectrum
The power of component accounts for the ratio R1 of general power；This 5 characteristic attributes are combined and constitute the spectrum envelope feature F5 of one 5 dimension；
E) it is based on sequence AkAnd Bk, the spectrum envelope feature of two 4 dimensions is constructed, including：Preceding 4 order harmonic components H4 and it is preceding 4 it is strongest
Spectral component S4；
F) F5 features are combined with H4 features and S4 features respectively, obtain the spectrum envelope feature of two 9 new dimensions：FH9=
[F5, H4] and FS9=[F5, S4]；
G above-mentioned 5 spectrum envelope features) are respectively adopted：F5, H4, S4 and FH9 and FS9 carry out radar target recognition, utilize actual measurement
Data assess the validity of each feature.
2. the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the construction method of the spectrum envelope is specially：
Find power spectrum SkM peak point constitute spectrum envelope sequence：Ak=[a1,a2,…,am], the corresponding spectral line of m peak point
Position constitutes sequence：Pk=[p1,p2,…,pm], wherein m is the sum of peak point, and m < < N, aiAnd piSpectrum packet is indicated respectively
The power and its corresponding position of spectral line of network ith harmonic component, { Ak,PkDefine Range Profile XkSpectrum envelope.
3. the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the calculation formula of 5 characteristic attributes is specific as follows：
The calculation formula of the brightness Brightness is：
Wherein, ajAnd pjThe power of spectrum envelope jth order harmonic components and its corresponding position of spectral line are indicated respectively；
The calculation formula of the degree of irregularity Irregularity is：
The calculation formula of the general power TP is：
The calculation formula of the described 5th ratio R5 for accounting for general power to the sum of the power of highest order harmonic components is：
The calculation formula for the ratio R1 that the power of the most strong spectral component accounts for general power is：
4. the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the building method of the spectrum envelope feature F5 of 5 dimension is specially：
F5=[Brightness, Irregularity, TP, R5, R1].
5. the radar target high Resolution Range Profile Identification method based on spectrum envelope feature, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the building method of the spectrum envelope feature of described two 4 dimensions is specific as follows：
The building method of the preceding 4 order harmonic components H4 is：
H4=[a1,a2,a3,a4]；
The building method of preceding 4 strongest spectral component S4 is：
S4=[b1,b2,b3,b4]
Wherein, a1,a2,a3,a4The power of the 1st, 2,3,4 order harmonic components of spectrum envelope, b are indicated respectively1,b2,b3,b4It indicates respectively
The power of 1,2,3,4th most strong spectral component.
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| US6532976B1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 2003-03-18 | Lg Semicon Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus |
| CN105116397A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Radar high-resolution range profile target recognition method based on MMFA model |
| CN105116400A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Radar high-resolution range profile target recognition method based on iMMFA (infinite max-margin factor analysis) model |
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