CN106443477B - A kind of prediction technique of lithium battery remaining life - Google Patents
A kind of prediction technique of lithium battery remaining life Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443477B CN106443477B CN201610934627.3A CN201610934627A CN106443477B CN 106443477 B CN106443477 B CN 106443477B CN 201610934627 A CN201610934627 A CN 201610934627A CN 106443477 B CN106443477 B CN 106443477B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prediction techniques of lithium battery remaining life, the following steps are included: one shell identical with the lithium battery before use of preparation, with the gas cylinder for having pressure gauge related outside shell, being filled with inert gas makes case swells deformation, establish dilation and the functional relation of pressure data that pressure gauge is shown, the pressure data that pressure gauge is shown is identical with the numerical value of the internal pressure of lithium battery, thus according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT and known parameters, the amount n of the substance of the gas of the lithium battery interior after calculating use1=p ' v3'/RT ' further calculates out the amount n for generating the substance of active material of these gas consumptions2, remember that the amount of the substance of total active material before electrochemical reaction is n3, obtaining remaining life is (1-n2/n3) × 100%, method of the invention is simple and effective, is particularly suitable for predicting the remaining life of special-shaped lithium primary battery (non-standard).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prediction techniques of lithium battery remaining life, more particularly to one kind is by establishing functional relation
Method to predict lithium primary battery remaining life.
Background technique
Lithium primary battery (primary lithium battery), is a kind of high-energy chemistry primary battery, is commonly called as lithium battery.
Using lithium metal as cathode, solid salt or the salt for being dissolved in organic solvent are electrolyte, metal oxide or other solids, liquid
Oxidant is positive electrode active material.
The main material of lithium battery is generally negative electrode material with lithium metal or lithium alloy, since lithium metal is a kind of active gold
Belong to, meets water meeting intense reaction and release hydrogen, so this kind of lithium battery must use nonaqueous electrolyte, they are usually by organic molten
Agent and inorganic salts form, and lasting chemical reaction does not occur with lithium and battery other materials as principle, commonly use LiClO4、
LiAsF6、LiAlCl4、LiBF4, the inorganic salts such as LiBr, LiCl make the electrolyte of lithium battery, and organic solvent be then usually with PC,
In EC, DME, BL, THF, AN, MF two, three kind of mixing use as organic solvent.The positive active material of lithium battery is common
Have: solid-state halide such as copper fluoride (CuF2), copper chloride (CuCl2), silver chlorate (AgCl), poly- fluorocarbons ((CF)4), solid-state sulphur
Compound such as copper sulfide (CuS), iron sulfide (FeS), ferrous disulfide (FeS2), solid-oxide such as manganese dioxide (MnO2), copper oxide
(CuO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), vanadic anhydride (V2O5), solid-state oxysalt such as siliver chromate (Ag2CrO4), bismuthic acid lead
(Pb2Bi2O5), solid-state halogen such as iodine (I2), liquid oxygen compound such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), liquid oxyhalide such as thionyl chloride
(SOCl2).Therefore lithium primary battery has many series, common are lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium-copper sulfide, lithium-fluorocarbons, lithium-
Sulfur dioxide and lithium-thionyl chloride etc..
This parameter of the residual capacity of conventional lithium primary battery is very important, it can prompt remaining for consumer batteries
The remaining service life can also use how long after must replace lithium battery.Usual researcher is to calculate electricity by the application model of battery
The capacity of pond consumption calculates remaining life to obtain battery remaining power.
However the application model of equipment is usually relatively complex under actual conditions, is difficult accurately to calculate the appearance of battery consumption
Amount.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium battery remaining life
Prediction technique more particularly to a kind of predict that lithium is once electric by establishing the functional relation of lithium battery dilation and internal pressure
The method of pond remaining life.Especially effectively especially for special-shaped lithium primary battery (non-standard), battery manufacture producer can be right
Each Special-shaped battery provides a reference curve, and consumer can carry out calculating the surplus of battery according to the reference curve of offer
Covolume amount, to obtain the remaining life of battery.
To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of prediction technique of lithium battery remaining life, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) the thick shell all the same of enclosure material, total volume, cavity volume, shell with the lithium battery before use is prepared
Body is fully sealed on the shell in addition to liquid injection port；
(2) one end of liquid injection port sealing element is sealed, the other end connection of sealing element is equipped with pressure gauge
Gas cylinder is equipped with inert gas in the gas cylinder；
(3) gas cylinder is opened, inert gas is filled with into shell, until being full of shell；
(4) continue to be filled with inert gas into shell, shell expands deformation, and the shell total volume before expansion is v, swollen
Expansibility is x and the total volume v after expansion*And the relationship of v are as follows: x=(v*- v)/v, it is aobvious to record the pressure gauge when dilation is x
The pressure data p shown, is denoted as (x, p)；
(5) dilation and pressure data that step (4) obtains are fitted, obtain the letter of dilation x and pressure data p
Number relational expression；
(6) measuring the total volume of the lithium battery before and after use is respectively v1' and v2', wherein v2' it is under using temperature T '
It measures, dilation x '=(v2’-v1’)/v1', use is calculated in the dilation x ' functional relation for substituting into step (5)
The internal pressure p ' of lithium battery afterwards；
The cavity volume v of lithium battery after calculating use3', according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT, it is calculated
The amount of the substance for the gas that lithium battery interior after use generates is n1=p ' v3'/RT'；
(7) according in electro-chemical reaction equations, between the amount of the substance of the active material of the gas and consumption of generation
Relationship calculates the amount n for participating in the substance of active material of reaction2, the amount of the substance of the active material before remembering electrochemical reaction
For n3, then the remaining life of lithium battery to be measured is (1-n2/n3) × 100%.
In the present invention, the functional relation of dilation x and pressure data p that step (5) obtains are temperature independent, any
At a temperature of (such as -40 DEG C~85 DEG C) it is all satisfied this relational expression.
Preferably, the lithium battery is lithium thionyl chloride cell, lithium manganese dioxide cell, lithium fluorocarbon battery or lithium vanadic acid
Any one in silver battery.But it is not limited to the above-mentioned lithium primary battery enumerated, others generate gas by electrochemical reaction
The battery of body is also applied for method of the invention.
Preferably, the enclosure material of the lithium battery is any one in steel, stainless steel or titanium alloy.
Preferably, the inert gas be nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas, Krypton or xenon in any one or at least
Two kinds of combination.
In the present invention, the total volume v of front and rear housings is expanded1And v2Calculation method can use method in the prior art
It measures and calculates, can also measure and calculate using following preferred embodiment:
The total volume v of the shell before expanding1Calculation method are as follows: measurement expansion before shell length and width and height, respectively
It is denoted as a1、b1And c1, then the total volume v of procapsid is expanded1=a1b1c1；
The total volume v of the shell after expansion2Calculation method are as follows: measurement expansion after shell length and width and height, respectively
It is denoted as a2、b2And c2, then the total volume v of back casing is expanded2=a2b2c2。
Preferably, it is fitted the method used for any one in curve-fitting method or linear fit method, preferably
Curve-fitting method.
In the present invention, the total volume v of the lithium battery before use1' and use after lithium battery total volume v2' calculating side
Method can be measured and be calculated using method in the prior art, can also be measured and be counted using following preferred embodiment
It calculates:
The total volume v of lithium battery before the use1' calculation method are as follows: measurement use before li battery shell length,
It is wide and high, it is denoted as a respectively1’、b1' and c1', then the total volume v of the lithium battery before use1'=a1’b1’c1'；
Lithium battery total volume v after the use2' calculation method are as follows: measurement use after lithium battery shell length,
It is wide and high, it is denoted as a respectively2’、b2' and c2', then the lithium battery total volume v after use2'=a2’b2’c2’。
Preferably, when step (4) record pressure data, record at least three groups of dilations and pressure data (x, p), record
Group number is more, then the precision being fitted is higher, is more advantageous to the relationship accurately reacted between dilation and pressure data.
Preferably, the cavity volume v of the lithium battery after the use3' calculate by the following method: after use
The total volume v of lithium battery2' volume shared by the internal component of lithium battery is subtracted, obtain v3’。
Preferably, described to use T '=- 40 DEG C of temperature~85 DEG C, such as -40 DEG C, -30 DEG C, -20 DEG C, -15 DEG C, -10
DEG C, -5 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 5 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 75 DEG C or 85 DEG C
Deng.
By means of the invention it is also possible to obtain the dilation of battery and the relationship of remaining life, take multiple measurements, obtains
To the dilation and remaining life data of at least three groups batteries, carry out linear or curve matching, can be obtained battery dilation and
The relation curve of remaining life.
If providing the quality of the specific discharge capacity data of battery and the active material of battery, the total capacity of battery is known,
Thus by the remaining life of battery, the residual capacity of battery can be calculated, it may be assumed that residual capacity=(specific discharge capacity ×
The quality of active material) × remaining life.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for the invention is held by preparing the enclosure material, total volume, inner cavity of one and the lithium battery before use
Product and the thick shell all the same of shell, the gas cylinder for having pressure gauge is connected with shell outside, and being filled with inert gas keeps shell generation swollen
Bulging becomes, and establishes dilation and the functional relation of pressure data that pressure gauge is shown, the relational expression can be truly reflected very much
The relationship of the internal pressure of the dilation and lithium battery of lithium battery, thus according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT and
Know parameter (lithium battery interior pressure p ', the volume v under lithium battery operating temperature3', lithium battery work temperature ') calculate use
The amount n of the substance of the gas of lithium battery interior afterwards1=p ' v3'/RT ' is further calculated out and is generated what these gases needed to consume
The amount n of the substance of active material2, since the amount of the substance of active material total before electrochemical reaction is n3, can obtain remaining life is
(1-n2/n3) × 100%, and then the relation curve of cell expansion degree and remaining life can be provided.
(2) method provided by the invention for calculating battery remaining power is simple and effective, easy to operate, can be at the beginning of battery design
Phase is just previously obtained the relationship reference curve of battery remaining power Yu cell expansion degree, consumer according to the reference curve oneself just
Energy simple computation goes out the remaining life of battery.Solve the problems, such as that lithium primary battery residual capacity and residual Life Calculation are difficult.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the fitted figure of the pressure data that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains and dilation.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The existing one piece used lithium thionyl chloride cell for having certain dilation (is denoted as mesuring battary, uses temperature
It is 25 DEG C), needing to survey its remaining life and residual capacity, (known specific discharge capacity is 3.86Ah/g, and the quality of active material is
1.96g)。
The method for predicting remaining life and residual capacity is as follows:
(1) battery of one piece with the same batch production of mesuring battary is taken, the mesuring battary before this block battery and use is one
Sample, it is denoted as battery A.
The preparation one thick shell all the same of enclosure material, total volume, cavity volume and shell with battery A, the shell
On be fully sealed in addition to liquid injection port；
(2) one end of liquid injection port sealing element being sealed, the other end connection of sealing element is equipped with the gas cylinder of pressure gauge,
Inert gas is housed in gas cylinder；
(3) gas cylinder is opened, inert gas is filled with into shell, until being full of shell；
(4) continue to be filled with inert gas into shell, shell expands deformation, and the shell total volume before expansion is v, swollen
The expansibility x and total volume v after expansion*And the relationship of v are as follows: dilation x=(v*- v)/v, record pressure when dilation is x
The pressure data p that table is shown, is denoted as (x, p), the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Pressure data/MPa that pressure gauge is shown | Steel shell dilation/% |
| 0.4 | 14.72 |
| 0.6 | 18.58 |
| 0.8 | 20.98 |
Due to battery A all sealings other than liquid injection port, and liquid injection port by sealing element and is full of inert gas and dress
There is barometric gas cylinder to connect, the pressure data that pressure gauge is shown just really reflects the pressure in battery A.
(5) dilation and pressure data that step (4) obtains are fitted, obtain the letter of dilation x and pressure data p
Number relational expressions, y=0.0906ln (x)+0.2308, wherein degree of fitting R2=0.9987 (fitting result is shown in Fig. 1).
(6) the total volume v1 ' of the battery A and total volume v of mesuring battary is measured2', wherein v2' it is to use temperature T '
It is measured under the conditions of=25 DEG C, it is x '=(v that dilation, which is calculated,2’-v1’)/v1Dilation 18% is substituted into and is walked by '=18%
Suddenly the functional relation y=0.0906ln (x)+0.2308 that (5) obtain, the internal pressure of obtained mesuring battary be y=p '=
0.574MPa；
The cavity volume v of lithium battery after calculating use3'=172.74cm3。
According to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT, R is ideal gas constant in formula, is 8.314J mol-1K-1, calculate
Obtain the amount n of the substance of the sulfur dioxide gas generated inside the lithium thionyl chloride cell after1=p ' v3'/RT '=
0.04mol。
According to the reaction equation of lithium thionyl chloride cell:
4Li(s)+2SOCl2(l)→4LiCl(s)+SO2(g)+S(s)
Since lithium thionyl chloride cell design is limit anode (lithium piece) design, when the lithium piece weight of the battery of design is
When 1.96g (1.96g*3.86Ah/g=7.5Ah), the amount of the substance of the sulfur dioxide gas theoretically generated is 0.0705mol,
Therefore it is 0.04mol/0.0705mol=56.73% that the reaction of the lithium battery (mesuring battary), which carries out degree, i.e., the battery is surplus
The remaining service life is (100%-56.73%)=43.26% of initial lifetime.
The residual capacity of the lithium battery (mesuring battary) is 7.5Ah × 43.26%=3.2445Ah.
Further, corresponding remaining life under multiple dilations is measured, multiple groups dilation and residue can be passed through
The data in service life are fitted to obtain the curve of dilation and remaining life.
Further, corresponding residual capacity under multiple dilations is measured, multiple groups dilation and residue can be passed through
The data of capacity are fitted to obtain the curve of dilation and residual capacity.
The Applicant declares that the present invention is explained by the above embodiments method detailed of the invention, but the present invention not office
Be limited to above-mentioned method detailed, that is, do not mean that the invention must rely on the above detailed methods to implement.Technical field
Technical staff it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention, equivalence replacement and auxiliary element to each raw material of product of the present invention
Addition, selection of concrete mode etc., all of which fall within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of prediction technique of lithium battery remaining life, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) the thick shell all the same of enclosure material, total volume, cavity volume and shell with the lithium battery before use is prepared,
It is fully sealed in addition to liquid injection port on the shell；
(2) one end of liquid injection port sealing element is sealed, the other end connection of the sealing element is equipped with pressure gauge
Gas cylinder is equipped with inert gas in the gas cylinder；
(3) gas cylinder is opened, is filled with inert gas in Xiang Suoshu shell, until being full of shell；
(4) continue to be filled with inert gas into the shell, shell expands deformation, and the shell total volume before expansion is v, swollen
The expansibility x and total volume v after expansion*And the relationship of v are as follows: dilation x=(v*- v)/v, record pressure when dilation is x
The pressure data p that table is shown, is denoted as (x, p)；
(5) dilation and pressure data that step (4) obtains are fitted, the function for obtaining dilation x and pressure data p closes
It is formula；
(6) measuring the total volume of the lithium battery before and after use is respectively v1' and v2', wherein v2' it is to be measured under using temperature T '
, dilation x '=(v2’-v1’)/v1', after use is calculated in the dilation x ' functional relation for substituting into step (5)
The internal pressure p ' of lithium battery；
The cavity volume v of lithium battery after calculating use3', according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT, after use is calculated
Lithium battery interior generate gas substance amount n1=p ' v3'/RT'；
(7) according in electro-chemical reaction equations, relationship between the amount of the substance of the active material of the gas and consumption of generation,
Calculate the amount n for participating in the substance of active material of reaction2, remember that the amount of the substance of total active material before electrochemical reaction is n3,
Then the remaining life of the lithium battery after use is (1-n2/n3) × 100%.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium battery is lithium thionyl chloride cell, lithium titanium dioxide
Any one in manganese cell, lithium fluorocarbon battery or lithium vanadic acid silver battery.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure material of the lithium battery is steel, stainless steel or titanium
Any one in alloy.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas, krypton
In gas or xenon any one or at least two combination.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein expanding the total volume v of the preceding shell1Calculation method are as follows:
The length and width and height of shell before measurement expansion, are denoted as a respectively1、b1And c1, then the total volume v of procapsid is expanded1=a1b1c1；
The total volume v of the shell after expansion2Calculation method are as follows: measurement expansion after shell length and width and height, be denoted as respectively
a2、b2And c2, then the total volume v of back casing is expanded2=a2b2c2。
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method used that is fitted is curve-fitting method or line
Any one in property approximating method.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the method used that is fitted is curve-fitting method.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the total volume v of the lithium battery before the use1' calculating side
Method are as follows: the length and width and height of the li battery shell before measurement use are denoted as a respectively1’、b1' and c1', then lithium battery before use
Total volume v1'=a1’b1’c1'；
Lithium battery total volume v after the use2' calculation method are as follows: measurement use after lithium battery shell length and width and
Height is denoted as a respectively2’、b2' and c2', then the lithium battery total volume v after use2'=a2’b2’c2’。
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein recording at least three when the step (4) records pressure data
Group dilation and pressure data.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein the cavity volume v of the lithium battery after the use3' it is logical
Cross following methods calculating: with the total volume v of the lithium battery after use2' volume shared by the internal component of lithium battery is subtracted, it obtains
v3’。
11. the method according to claim 1, wherein described use T '=- 40 DEG C of temperature~85 DEG C.
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| CN109975715B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-05-14 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for obtaining residual electric quantity of lithium ion battery module of electric vehicle |
| CN112965000B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-10-14 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for predicting service life of battery |
| CN114114043B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-10-10 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Expansion detection method in lithium battery cycle process |
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