CN106443066B - A kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device and method - Google Patents
A kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443066B CN106443066B CN201610849004.6A CN201610849004A CN106443066B CN 106443066 B CN106443066 B CN 106443066B CN 201610849004 A CN201610849004 A CN 201610849004A CN 106443066 B CN106443066 B CN 106443066B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/03—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means
- G01P15/032—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means by measuring the displacement of a movable inertial mass
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measurement methods, belong to impact metrology and measurement technical field.The present invention includes HOPKINSON shock machine, body, bed course, HOPKINSON stick, anvil body, is fitted by school jerk acceleration transducer, computer, digital oscilloscope, differential laser interferometer, signal and adjust instrument etc., impact acceleration waveform then is obtained in a manner of difference realizes filtering differential by average value filtering in local window, so as to avoid the problem that takes effect for cause of iso standard recommended method.In addition, in average filter window ranges, error scale using the average value of local end group straight line and each magnitude point absolute value of the bias as average filter identifies function, using the mark functional value and rise time and local be averaged window width ratio relation curve as the criterion for finding the window that is most preferably averaged, to solve the problems, such as optimal filter.
Description
Technical field
The laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device based on optimal filter and differential that the present invention relates to a kind of
And method, in particular to the impact acceleration accurate measurement method of homodyne and heterodyne laser interference mode, belong to impact metre measurement
Try technical field.
Background technique
Due to belonging to non-contact measurement, so that the measured object to type of sports does not have Mechanical Contact and additional shadow
It rings, the laser interferance method using laser doppler is the best mode of up to the present high-level shock and vibration measurement, can
To obtain accuracy of measurement and resolving power far more than other way.Thus, highest metrological standard unit is used and is somebody's turn to do in the world
Mode.
Due to the basic principle of laser doppler, it is relative motion and the Doppler frequency shift generated and relative motion speed
Spend it is linear, thus, obtain acceleration of motion needs from movement velocity and use and differentiate.Calculus of differences is directly carried out to obtain
Differentiation result is obtained since the factors such as signal-to-noise ratio are difficult to obtain correct available result.It needs to carry out its rate curve waveform first
Then differential could obtain correct Acceleration pulse again for filtering.But differential can the parameters such as peak value to Acceleration pulse bring volume
Outer influence.The quantitative assessment of the influence never solves.In order to clearly limit the influence, and uniform requirement, world mark
Standardization tissue ISO defines particularly filter in its standard (ISO 16063-13-2001 (E)) in relation to impacting measurement and calibration
For 4 rank Butterworth filters, as impact acceleration waveform pulse width T, filter cutoff frequency is 16/T~5/
T。
This method is primarily present following problems: 1) when progress velocity wave form filtering seek Acceleration pulse, not yet know T value,
Thus there is the logical problem to take effect for cause in method.2) for specific alignment of waveforms, filter cutoff frequency range 16/
T~5/T can still make impact acceleration peak value generate larger fluctuation, lack Optimal condition.Therefore, impact acceleration metering calibration
Accuracy it is lower always, can only achieve 5% or so when best.
People need to search out the filtering mode for the problem that do not take effect for cause in logic as a result, and wish to provide filtering
The optimal objective criterion of parameter, to improve the level of accuracy of impact acceleration metering calibration.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome existing impact velocity waveform filtering differential method, one kind is proposed
It the use of the impact velocity waveform steps rise time is with reference to scale, with average value filtering in local window, then difference realizes filtering
The mode of differential obtains the laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device and method of impact acceleration waveform.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device, including HOPKINSON shock machine, body, bed course,
HOPKINSON stick, anvil body are fitted by school jerk acceleration transducer, computer, digital oscilloscope, differential laser interferometer, signal
Adjust instrument and grating.
Wherein, HOPKINSON shock machine is for emitting body；Body is for generating impact acceleration；Bed course plays protection and makees
With；HOPKINSON stick receives body shock, generates and transmits stress wave to generate acceleration；Anvil body transmits impact acceleration
To by school jerk acceleration transducer, and prevent barred body from directly hitting sensor, to protect sensor；Computer is used for system control
System and calculating；Digital oscilloscope is used for acquisition and recording laser Doppler signal；Differential laser interferometer is transmitted for receiving grating
Impact velocity signal, and be converted into electric signal；Signal is suitable to adjust instrument be filtered, amplify to sensor output signal for completing
Equal conditioning functions；Grating is used to generate diffraction fringe signal to the laser of irradiation.
Emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, hit bed course and HOPKINSON stick, HOPKINSON stick is made to generate fortune
It is dynamic, to hit anvil body, so that grating and generating ballistic motion by school acceleration transducer；The ballistic motion is differential through grating
Laser interferometer is converted into electric signal, then forms Wave data by digital oscilloscope acquisition and recording；It is passed through by electronic computer
Demodulation exports impact acceleration wave sequence after calculating, and provides the calibration parameter of impact acceleration peak value, adds to calibrate impact
The signal of velocity sensor output, while after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal, acceleration is passed by digital oscilloscope acquisition and recording
The measurement result of sensor.
A kind of measurement method of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1) emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, it is good to generate waveform on calibration end face using HOPKINSON stick
Impact acceleration process, be loaded directly on grating and the accelerometer that is calibrated；
2) differential type laser interferometer is used, the laser Doppler signal generated using photodetector detection grating movement
X (t), photodetector rise time are 2ns；As the grating of cooperative target, grid line number is 150/mm, and grating spacing d is not
Degree of certainty is 1 × 10-6；
3) using digital oscilloscope to laser Doppler signal x (t) and being added after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal by school
Speedometer output signal carries out data acquisition；
4) conversion process acquisition is carried out to the sampled signal x (i) of x (t) (i=1,2 ..., n) using Hilbert transform method
Hubert transformed signalWherein:
Wherein, x (i) is the sampled signal of laser Doppler signal x (t)；For adopting for laser Doppler signal x (t)
The hubert transformed signal of sample signal x (i)；M is the intermediate variable of convolution transform, m ∈ [- M ,+M]；
Wherein, when carrying out Hilbert transform operation using formula (1), convolution section is [- M ,+M], and M should make convolution
Window is wider than the period of CF signal, and M >=100；
H (i) is the unit impact response of Hilbert transformer:
The instantaneous amplitude of x (i):
The instantaneous phase of x (i):
5) to the phase waveform sequence for calculating the instantaneous phase composition obtained by formula (4), by being jumped to each step
Point and its subsequent waveform are superimposed k π (k=0,1,2 ...) and carry out phase unwrapping, obtain continuous phase wave sequence φ1,
φ2,…,φn；
6) to it is above-mentioned 5) in phase waveform sequence φ after phase unwrapping1,φ2,…,φnIt carries out linear trend and rejects work
Make, obtains parameter G using terminal-based method0And φ0:
Wherein, G0For the slope of the end group straight line of expression phase waveform Sequence Trend；φ0Indicate phase waveform Sequence Trend
End group straight line intercept
Calculate the phase waveform sequence obtained after rejecting linear trend
7) difference points 2M+1 identical with Hilbert transform convolution section is chosen, it is poor to carry out sliding average mode multiple spot
Partite transport is calculated, and instantaneous frequency values f is obtainedi(i=1 ..., n).
Wherein,For less thanThe sum of M point phase；For greater thanM point phase it
With；Δ t is the sampling time interval of Doppler signal x (t)
By the constant portion frequency f for rejecting non-Doppler effect in instantaneous frequency valuesc, instantaneous Doppler frequency displacement Δ will be obtained
fi=fi-fc(i=1 ..., n)；
8) when carrying out shock measurement using differential type laser interferometer, impact velocity wave sequence vi(i=1 ..., n).
Wherein, d is the grating spacing of grating；P, q is used optical grating diffraction grade, is non-zero positive negative integer, (p, q
Can value ± 1, ± 2 ... ...), d=1/150mm
Impact velocity wave sequence v is calculated by formula (9)1,v2,…,vn；It is a typical step waveform；
9) the rise time t of impact velocity wave sequence is calculated with mode methodr；
10) according toIt chooses local be averaged half length L of window, executes following local and be averaged and poor
Partite transport is calculated, and impact acceleration wave sequence a is obtained1,a2,…,an；
Wherein,
In order to judge whether L value is optimal, following decision procedure is taken:
By the impact velocity wave sequence v in average windowi-L,vi-L+1,…,vi+L-1,vi+L, end group straight line fitting is done,
:
V (k)=kg+v0 (11)
Wherein, k=i-L, i-L+1 ..., i+L-1, i+L
v0=vi-L
The error mean Curve Sequences Δ v being averaged in window with localiAs the error pointer in differential, when window is by big
To hour, error mean Curve Sequences Δ viCurve values near acceleration peak value are on a declining curve, and have apparent part
Minimum；When the minimum decline it is unobvious, and when local minimum value tag is faint, that is, can determine that window selection value already close to
Most preferably, and finally determineThus it completes to by the measurement of school jerk acceleration transducer all data.
Beneficial effect
The method of the present invention is simple and direct, algorithmic statement and easy to accomplish, has the characteristics that filtering calculates together with differential and provides,
Also, due to using time domain part simple average value filtering mode, filtering is brought to subsequent acceleration peak value
Uncertainty can simple quantitative predication come out, possess advantage not available for other filters.
In differentiating from phase sequence to frequency sequence, method of the invention has used trend component to reject in advance
Mode improves the accuracy and resolution of frequency demodulation to reduce due to computer rounding error bring uncertainty
Power；Compared to the acceleration excitation waveform for using ISO proposed standard method to obtain, peak accelerator 1048301.6798m/
s2, the Acceleration pulse peak accelerator that method therefor of the present invention obtains is 1080282m/s2, it is higher than ISO method by about 3%, therefore
Compared with the filtering method recommended in iso standard, the logical problem that method of the invention does not take effect for cause not only, and also it is more suitable
Together in auto-calibration, to provide search and the determination method of optimum filtering mode, this makes the impact of different experiments room
Acceleration calibration result will be more consistent and comparable.To there is bigger technical advantage in metering control experiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the solution of the present invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the laser-Doppler waveform obtained on real impact acceleration standard set-up；
Fig. 3 is the acceleration excitation waveform obtained using ISO proposed standard method；
Fig. 4 is the acceleration obtained after a kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measurement method of the invention is realized
Waveform diagram；
Wherein, 1-HOPKINSON shock machine；2- body；3- bed course；4-HOPKINSON stick；5- anvil body；6- is impacted by school
Acceleration transducer；7- computer；8- digital oscilloscope；9- differential laser interferometer；10- signal is suitable to adjust instrument；11- grating.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device, including HOPKINSON shock machine,
Body, HOPKINSON stick, anvil body, is done by school jerk acceleration transducer, computer, digital oscilloscope, differential laser bed course
Interferometer, signal are suitable to adjust instrument and grating.
Its course of work are as follows: emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, hit bed course and HOPKINSON stick, make
HOPKINSON stick generates movement, to hit anvil body, so that grating and generating ballistic motion by school acceleration transducer；The punching
It hits movement and electric signal is converted by differential laser interferometer through grating, waveform number is then formed by digital oscilloscope acquisition and recording
According to；By exporting impact acceleration wave sequence after the demodulated calculating of electronic computer, the calibration of impact acceleration peak value is provided
Parameter, to calibrate the signal of jerk acceleration transducer output, while after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal, by digital oscilloscope
Measurement result of the acquisition and recording to acceleration transducer.
A kind of measurement method of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device, concrete methods of realizing are as follows:
1) emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, it is good to generate waveform on calibration end face using HOPKINSON stick
Impact acceleration process, be loaded directly on grating and the accelerometer that is calibrated；
2) differential type laser interferometer is used, the laser Doppler signal generated using photodetector detection grating movement
X (t), photodetector rise time are 2ns；As the grating of cooperative target, grid line number is 150/mm, and grating spacing d is not
Degree of certainty is 1 × 10-6；
3) using digital oscilloscope to laser Doppler signal x (t) and being added after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal by school
Speedometer output signal carries out data acquisition；Digital oscilloscope is 8Bits A/D, memory capacity 50kSamples/ch, simulates band
Wide 500MHz, minimum voltage indexes 1mV/div, when binary channels samples, highest sample rate 500MSps；
4) conversion process acquisition is carried out to the sampled signal x (i) of x (t) (i=1,2 ..., n) using Hilbert transform method
Hubert transformed signalWherein:
Wherein, x (i) is the sampled signal of laser Doppler signal x (t)；For adopting for laser Doppler signal x (t)
The hubert transformed signal of sample signal x (i)；M is the intermediate variable of convolution transform, m ∈ [- M ,+M]；
Wherein, when carrying out Hilbert transform operation using formula (1), convolution section is [- M ,+M], and M should make convolution
Window is wider than the period of CF signal, and M >=100；Here M=151；H (i) is that the unit impact of Hilbert transformer is rung
It answers:
The instantaneous amplitude of x (i):
The instantaneous phase of x (i):
5) to the phase waveform sequence for calculating the instantaneous phase composition obtained by formula (4), by being jumped to each step
Point and its subsequent waveform are superimposed k π (k=0,1,2 ...) and carry out phase unwrapping, obtain continuous phase wave sequence φ1,
φ2,…,φn；
6) to it is above-mentioned 5) in phase waveform sequence φ after phase unwrapping1,φ2,…,φnIt carries out linear trend and rejects work
Make, obtains parameter G using terminal-based method0And φ0:
Wherein, G0For the slope of the end group straight line of expression phase waveform Sequence Trend；φ0Indicate phase waveform Sequence Trend
End group straight line intercept
Calculate the phase waveform sequence obtained after rejecting linear trend
7) difference points 2M+1 identical with Hilbert transform convolution section is chosen, it is poor to carry out sliding average mode multiple spot
Partite transport is calculated, and instantaneous frequency values f is obtainedi(i=1 ..., n).
Wherein,For less thanThe sum of M point phase；For greater thanM point phase it
With；Δ t is the sampling time interval of Doppler signal x (t)
By the constant portion frequency f for rejecting non-Doppler effect in instantaneous frequency valuesc, instantaneous Doppler frequency displacement Δ will be obtained
fi=fi-fc(i=1 ..., n)；
8) when carrying out shock measurement using differential type laser interferometer, impact velocity wave sequence vi(i=1 ..., n).
Wherein, d is the grating spacing of grating；P, q is used optical grating diffraction grade, is non-zero positive negative integer, (p, q
Can value ± 1, ± 2 ... ...), d=1/150mm
Impact velocity wave sequence v is calculated by formula (9)1,v2,…,vn；It is a typical step waveform；
9) the rise time t of impact velocity wave sequence is calculated with mode methodr；
10) according toIt chooses local be averaged half length L of window, executes following local and be averaged
And calculus of differences, obtain impact acceleration wave sequence a1,a2,…,an；
Wherein,
In order to judge whether L value is optimal, following decision procedure is taken:
By the impact velocity wave sequence v in average windowi-L,vi-L+1,…,vi+L-1,vi+L, end group straight line fitting is done,
:
V (k)=kg+v0 (11)
Wherein, k=i-L, i-L+1 ..., i+L-1, i+L
v0=vi-L
The error mean Curve Sequences Δ v being averaged in window with localiAs the error pointer in differential, when window is by big
To hour, error mean Curve Sequences Δ viCurve values near acceleration peak value are on a declining curve, and have apparent part
Minimum；When the minimum decline it is unobvious, and when local minimum value tag is faint, that is, can determine that window selection value already close to
Most preferably, and finally determineBy the upper measurement for realizing laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration.
As shown in figure 4, being 1080282m/s by the peak accelerator that above formula calculates resulting Acceleration pulse2。
The above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is public that the present invention should not be limited to embodiment and attached drawing institute
The content opened.It is all not depart from the lower equivalent or modification completed of spirit disclosed in this invention, both fall within the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device, it is characterised in that: including HOPKINSON shock machine,
Body, HOPKINSON stick, anvil body, is done by school jerk acceleration transducer, computer, digital oscilloscope, differential laser bed course
Interferometer, signal are suitable to adjust instrument and grating；
Wherein, HOPKINSON shock machine is for emitting body；Body is for generating impact acceleration；Bed course shields；
HOPKINSON stick receives body shock, generates and transmits stress wave to generate acceleration；Anvil body by impact acceleration pass to by
School jerk acceleration transducer, and prevent barred body from directly hitting sensor, to protect sensor；Computer for system control and
It calculates；Digital oscilloscope is used for acquisition and recording laser Doppler signal；Differential laser interferometer is used to receive that grating to transmit rushes
Speed signal is hit, and is converted into electric signal；Signal is suitable to adjust instrument for being filtered, amplifying to sensor output signal；Grating is used
In the laser generation diffraction fringe signal to irradiation；
Emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, hit bed course and HOPKINSON stick, HOPKINSON stick is made to generate movement,
To hitting anvil body, so that grating and generating ballistic motion by school jerk acceleration transducer；The ballistic motion is poor through grating
Dynamic laser interferometer is converted into electric signal, then forms Wave data by digital oscilloscope acquisition and recording；It is used by computer
Following step demodulation exports impact acceleration wave sequence after calculating, and the calibration parameter of impact acceleration peak value is provided, to school
The signal of quasi- jerk acceleration transducer output, while after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal, by digital oscilloscope acquisition and recording pair
The measurement result of acceleration transducer；Specific step is as follows:
1) emit body using HOPKINSON shock machine, generate the good punching of waveform on calibration end face using HOPKINSON stick
Acceleration process is hit, is loaded directly into grating and by the jerk acceleration transducer of school；
2) differential laser interferometer is used, the laser Doppler signal x (t) generated using photodetector detection grating movement,
The photodetector rise time is 2ns；As the grating of cooperative target, grid line number is 150/mm, the uncertainty of grating spacing d
It is 1 × 10-6；
3) use digital oscilloscope to laser Doppler signal x (t) and being added after the suitable tune instrument conditioning of signal by school impact
Velocity transducer output signal carries out data acquisition；
4) conversion process is carried out using sampled signal x (i) of the Hilbert transform method to x (t) obtain hubert transformed signal x
~(i), i=1,2 ..., n, in which:
Wherein, x (i) is the sampled signal of laser Doppler signal x (t)；For the sampled signal of laser Doppler signal x (t)
The hubert transformed signal of x (i)；M is the intermediate variable of convolution transform, m ∈ [- M ,+M]；
Wherein, when carrying out Hilbert transform operation using formula (1), convolution section is [- M ,+M], and M should make convolution window
It is wider than the period of CF signal, and M >=100；
H (i) is the unit impact response of Hilbert transformer:
The instantaneous amplitude of x (i):
The instantaneous phase of x (i):
5) to the phase waveform sequence for calculating the instantaneous phase obtained by formula (4) and constituting, by each step trip point and
Waveform behind is superimposed k π, k=0,1, and 2 ..., phase unwrapping is carried out, continuous phase wave sequence φ is obtained1,φ2,…,
φn；
6) to it is above-mentioned 5) in phase waveform sequence φ after phase unwrapping1,φ2,…,φnLinear trend Weeding is carried out, is made
Parameter G is obtained with terminal-based method0And φ0:
Wherein, G0For the slope of the end group straight line of expression phase waveform Sequence Trend；φ0Indicate the end of phase waveform Sequence Trend
The intercept of base straight line；
Calculate the phase waveform sequence obtained after rejecting linear trend
7) difference points 2M+1 identical with Hilbert transform convolution section is chosen, sliding average mode multiple spot difference fortune is carried out
It calculates, obtains instantaneous frequency values fi:
Wherein,For less thanThe sum of M point phase；For greater thanThe sum of M point phase；Δt
For the sampling time interval of Doppler signal x (t)；
By the constant portion frequency f for rejecting non-Doppler effect in instantaneous frequency valuesc, instantaneous Doppler frequency displacement Δ f will be obtainedi=
fi-fc；
8) when carrying out shock measurement using differential type laser interferometer, impact velocity wave sequence vi:
Wherein, d is the grating spacing of grating；P, q is used optical grating diffraction grade, d=1/150mm；
Impact velocity wave sequence v is calculated by formula (9)1,v2,…,vn；It is a typical step waveform；
9) the rise time t of impact velocity wave sequence is calculated with mode methodr；
10) according toIt chooses local be averaged half length L of window, executes that following local is average and difference is transported
It calculates, obtains impact acceleration wave sequence a1,a2,…,an；
Wherein,
In order to judge whether L value is optimal, following decision procedure is taken:
By the impact velocity wave sequence v in average windowi-L,vi-L+1,…,vi+L-1,vi+L, end group straight line fitting is done, is obtained:
V (k)=kg+v0 (11)
Wherein, k=i-L, i-L+1 ..., i+L-1, i+L
v0=vi-L
The error mean Curve Sequences Δ v being averaged in window with localiAs the error pointer in differential, when window is descending
When, error mean Curve Sequences Δ viCurve values near acceleration peak value are on a declining curve, and have apparent local minimum
Value；When minimum decline is unobvious, and local minimum value tag is faint, that is, it can determine that window selection value already close to most
It is good, and finally determineBy the upper measurement side for realizing laser doppler vibration measurement method impact acceleration measuring device
Method.
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