CN106442495B - It whether there is the heat treatment method of martensite in a kind of measurement austempered ductile iron - Google Patents
It whether there is the heat treatment method of martensite in a kind of measurement austempered ductile iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442495B CN106442495B CN201610829526.XA CN201610829526A CN106442495B CN 106442495 B CN106442495 B CN 106442495B CN 201610829526 A CN201610829526 A CN 201610829526A CN 106442495 B CN106442495 B CN 106442495B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
Abstract
The invention discloses the heat treatment method that whether there is martensitic phase in a kind of detection austempered ductile iron, step is：Four angles that the block-like austenite region of Bai Liang is shown as in austempered ductile iron metallographic specimen in same plane, under optical microscopy select pressure head to beat microhardness, form four impressions as detection zone mark；It is air-cooled that the sample is tempered to 1 ± 0.1h taking-up in 200 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces；Then it is air-cooled that 1 ± 0.1h taking-up is tempered in 350 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces；Microstructure observation in situ is carried out in detection zone, color does not change after in the detection zone in 200 ± 10 DEG C of tempering, and is determined as austenite structure by the region that white becomes grey after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering；Color becomes Dark grey after the detection zone is in 200 ± 10 DEG C of tempering, and is determined as quenched martensite tissue regions by the dark-grey region for becoming black after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering.The present invention accurate speed can detect to be commonly referred to be in austenite region whether contain martensite in ADI fastly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of heat treatment, the heat of martensitic phase presence or absence in especially a kind of detection austempered ductile iron
Processing method.
Background technique
Austempered ductile iron（ADI）Have many advantages, such as, including section material, energy conservation, environmental protection, absorbing is wear-resisting, low-density, easy processing
With low cost etc..However, ADI impact flexibility and fatigue resistance are far below alloy carburizing according to current domestic and international research achievement
Q-tempering product.By taking rear axle spiral bevel gear as an example, bench test shows that its contact fatigue strength is only the 1/5 of carburizing steel,
Therefore it cannot formally come into operation.
The result of study of the ADI fatigue behaviour of early period show that austempering temperature is lower, and hardness strength is higher, and tired
Intensity is lower, this is a kind of abnormality rule disagreed with the variation of the fatigue strength of steel and cast iron.Usually by ADI fatigue behaviour
This rule is attributed to related with the number of remained austenite content.But retained austenite presented herein typically refers to single pure
Pure austenite is but considered as Ovshinsky because close with austenite color if there is also high-carbon quenched martensites in austenite
The same tissue of body, and be ignored, then conclusions will play inhibition to the research of ADI mechanical property.From material science
Principle analysis, mechanical behavior and property, the form of microscopic structure composition phase have close relationship.The phase composition for studying ADI is solution
Certainly ADI fails widely applied important prerequisite, therefore is particularly important.Phase composition for ADI, there are many disputes.Mesh
It is preceding it has been proved that the acicular phase of black be bayesian sections ferritic（BF）.And what phase composition white-bright zone is by（AR or AR+M）,
So far it is still not clear.If proving that there are martensites in ADI（M）, then can explain it is aforementioned increase with intensity, fatigue strength reduce
Abnormality rule.I.e. since isothermal temperature reduces, austenite（A）The quantity of → BF is reduced, and the A not changed increases, sends out when air-cooled
Raw A → BF+M transformation, wherein M increases, because this martensite is quenching, the firmly crisp martensite of high-carbon adds the soft austenite of low-intensity,
Under alternate load effect, stress occurs easily on two-phase interface and concentrates, and causes crackle, fatigue life is caused to reduce.
The accurate means for determining martensitic phase in ADI and mainly using the arrangement of TEM combination dot matrix style, the method not only cost
Height, and the time needed for sample preparation, test, analysis is longer.The XRD method generallyd use due to can only measure the α in sample with
And γ two-phase, it not can guarantee the accurate determination for martensitic phase, there are biggish errors in actually detected.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of heat treatment methods of martensitic phase in detection ADI, replace it with current
Detect the complicated means of martensitic phase in ADI.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows：
It is a kind of to detect the heat treatment method that whether there is martensitic phase in ADI, include the following steps：In austempered ductile iron metallographic
Be shown as in same plane, under optical microscopy in sample the block-like austenite region of Bai Liang four angles select pressure head beat it is micro-
Hardness forms four impressions as detection zone mark；It is air-cooled that the sample is tempered to 1 ± 0.1h taking-up in 200 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces,
The difference for observing the detection zone microscopic structure and original sample changes；Then it is tempered 1 ± 0.1h in 350 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces and takes out sky
It is cold；Microstructure observation in situ is carried out in detection zone, color does not change after in the detection zone in 200 ± 10 DEG C of tempering
Become, and austenite structure is determined as by the region that white becomes grey after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering；When the detection zone is 200
Color becomes Dark grey after ± 10 DEG C of tempering, and is determined as quenching by the dark-grey region for becoming black after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering
Martensitic structure region.
Further, first by spheroidal graphite cast-iron after 950 ± 10 DEG C of austenitizings handle 1.5h, in 350 ± 10 DEG C of salt baths etc.
Warm 1.5h, then by grinding, polishing, corrosion process the austempered ductile iron metallographic specimen is made.
Further, pressure head uses 20g 50g pressure head.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is：
First, accurate speed it can detect to be commonly referred to be in austenite region whether contain martensite in ADI fastly.
Second, it greatly reduces testing cost and shortens detection time.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is heat treatment process figure of the invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is after 950 DEG C of austenitizings of the present invention handle 1.5h, to obtain after 350 DEG C of salt bath isothermal 1.5h micro-
Tissue；Fig. 2 (b) is 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1.5h of the present invention, is then air-cooled to the microscopic structure variation diagram of room temperature；Fig. 2 (c) is this hair
Bright 350 DEG C of heat preservations 1.5h, is then air-cooled to the microscopic structure variation diagram of room temperature.
Fig. 3 (a) is 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1.5h of the present invention, is then air-cooled to the microhardness selection region figure of room temperature；Fig. 3 (b)
For 350 DEG C of heat preservation 1.5h of the present invention, it is then air-cooled to the microhardness selection region figure of room temperature.
Specific embodiment
The heat treatment process that the present invention detects martensitic phase in austenite region in ADI is as follows：
The first step：ADI sample is passed through to grind, polish, corrode etc., metallographic specimen is made, micro- group for observing the sample
It knits, selects representative microstructural area, white bright austenitic area is presented under an optical microscope with Vickers
Hardness is stamped at four angles, forms four impressions, using the mark as detection zone.Pressure head requires to be 20g or 50g.
Second step：The chamber type electric resistance furnace that sample is put into 200 DEG C is kept the temperature into 1h, rear take out is air-cooled to room temperature（Heat treatment process
Avoid viewing surface not by contact stain）.Detailed process is as shown in Figure 1.
Third step：The region positioned by microhardness impression is found by metallographic microscope, observes the comparative analysis region
The difference of microscopic structure and original sample.If without any color change in the calibration region white tissues, it is determined that the region
May to be fully austenitic structure region.If there are the region that color becomes Dark grey in the calibration region white tissues,
The region be possible be quenched martensite tissue regions.
4th step：The chamber type electric resistance furnace that sample is put into 350 DEG C is kept the temperature into 1h, rear take out is air-cooled to room temperature.Detailed process is such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
5th step：Find the region of positioning again by metallographic microscope, observation compares the region microscopic structure and former examination
The difference of sample and 200 DEG C of tempering（Heat treatment process avoids viewing surface not by contact stain）.It is returned in the calibration region at 200 DEG C
Fiery color does not change, and is determined as austenite structure by the region that white becomes grey after 350 DEG C of tempering.The calibration area
Domain becomes Dark grey in 200 DEG C of temper colors, and is determined as quenching geneva by the dark-grey region for becoming black after 350 DEG C of tempering
Body tissue region.
Embodiment 1：
Commercially the alloy composition of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is：C:3.5, Si:2.5, Mn:0.2, P:0.2, S:0.01, Ni:
0.3~2.0,Mo:0.1~0.5, Cu:0.2~1.0, Fe:Remaining.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron is after 950 DEG C of austenitizings handle 1.5h, the shellfish ball difficult to understand that obtains after 350 DEG C of salt bath isothermal 1.5h
Iron, shown in microscopic structure such as Fig. 2 (a), it can be seen that its white-bright zone domain is the austenite region that usual researcher thinks.It presses
According to the first step of the invention, by austempered ductile iron by grinding, polishing, metallographic specimen is made in corrosion process, existed with Vickers
White bright four, austenitic area angle is presented under optical microscopy, hardness is stamped using 20g 50g pressure head, forms four impressions,
Using the mark as detection zone, as arrow tries in Fig. 2 (a).Second step is then air-cooled to room using 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1h
Temperature, shown in microscopic structure such as Fig. 2 (b).According to the requirement of third step, it can tentatively judge that there may be austenite and geneva
The region of body, as shown in Fig. 2 (b).According to the 4th step, Fig. 2 (c) is 350 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, after be air-cooled to the microscopic structure change of room temperature
Change figure.According to the requirement of the 5th step, comparison diagram 2 (a), (b) and (c), it can be seen that determine that there are austenite and martensites
Region, as shown in Fig. 2 (c).This experiment proves that in ADI under the technique it has been generally acknowledged that austenite region physical presence geneva
Body tissue, therefore its performance is codetermined by austenite and martensitic structure, high carbon martensite therein certainly will reduce ADI
Impact and fatigue behaviour.
Embodiment 2：
By test 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, be then air-cooled to room temperature and 350 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, after be air-cooled to room temperature after generate
Gray area and black region microhardness.Test microhardness point such as Fig. 3 (a) and (b) institute of grey and black region
Show, the microhardness value of each test point is as shown in table 1.Should the result shows that, white area hardness is lower, be austenite phase.Ash
The hardness big rise and fall in color region, may contain martensite.The hardness number of black region is obviously higher, it was demonstrated that the black region is
Quenched martensite tissue.
The microhardness value table of white, grey and black region in the ADI of the present invention of table 1
。
Claims (3)
1. whether there is the heat treatment method of martensitic phase in a kind of detection austempered ductile iron, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Four angles of the block-like austenite region of Bai Liang are shown as in austempered ductile iron metallographic specimen in same plane, under optical microscopy
It selects pressure head to beat microhardness, forms four impressions as detection zone mark；The sample is tempered 1 in 200 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces
± 0.1h taking-up is air-cooled, and the difference for observing the detection zone microscopic structure and original sample changes；Then it is returned in 350 ± 10 DEG C of furnaces
1 ± 0.1h of fire takes out air-cooled；Microstructure observation in situ is carried out in detection zone, when returning in the detection zone at 200 ± 10 DEG C
Color does not change after fire, and is determined as austenite structure area by the region that white becomes grey after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering
Domain；Color becomes Dark grey after the detection zone is in 200 ± 10 DEG C of tempering, and is become after 350 ± 10 DEG C of tempering by dark-grey
The region of black is determined as quenched martensite tissue regions.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first handle spheroidal graphite cast-iron through 950 ± 10 DEG C of austenitizings
After 1.5h, in 350 ± 10 DEG C of salt bath isothermal 1.5h, then by grinding, polishing, corrosion process the austempered ductile iron metallographic is made
Sample.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that pressure head uses 20g 50g pressure head.
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| CN102135506A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for detecting residual austenite in steel plate on line |
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