CN106442372B - High-temperature stage spectrum test system and method in coal spontaneous combustion ignition process - Google Patents
High-temperature stage spectrum test system and method in coal spontaneous combustion ignition process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442372B CN106442372B CN201610876962.2A CN201610876962A CN106442372B CN 106442372 B CN106442372 B CN 106442372B CN 201610876962 A CN201610876962 A CN 201610876962A CN 106442372 B CN106442372 B CN 106442372B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 215
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
Abstract
The invention discloses a spectrum test system at a high-temperature stage in a coal spontaneous combustion ignition process, which comprises a constant-temperature furnace, a coal sample tank, a constant-temperature furnace lifting mechanism, a gas supply system and a temperature control cabinet, wherein the constant-temperature furnace is arranged in the coal sample tank; the constant temperature furnace comprises a constant temperature furnace body, a constant temperature furnace cover, a hearth and a heating unit; the coal sample tank consists of a tank body and a tank cover, and the middle part of the tank body is provided with a quartz glass observation hole of the coal sample tank; the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism comprises a supporting frame, a lifter, a motor, a shaft steering gear, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft and a lifting seat, wherein four guide columns are arranged on the supporting frame; the air supply system comprises an air source, a drying tube, a pressure stabilizing valve, a gas mass flowmeter and a preheating tube; the invention also discloses a spectrum test method for the high-temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion and ignition process of coal. The invention has novel and reasonable design, convenient realization, convenient use and operation, accurate temperature control, strong practicability and convenient popularization and use, and can truly reflect the change condition of the coal sample molecular structure under the high-temperature condition of spontaneous combustion of coal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal spontaneous combustion experiments, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-stage spectrum test system and method in a coal spontaneous combustion ignition process.
Background
The most basic influencing factor of the natural ignition characteristics of the coal is the molecular structure of the coal body, so that the research on the molecular structure of the coal has important significance for finally explaining the natural ignition characteristics of the coal. For the change of molecular structure in coal body during the natural ignition process of coal, most researchers have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method to carry out quantitative analysis on functional groups influencing coal reactivity. Although the method can qualitatively and quantitatively reveal the functional groups in the coal molecular structure, the method generally selects the coal sample at a certain temperature stage in the experimental process to prepare a tabletting sample, and then uses a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to carry out an analysis experiment, and the method can only analyze the functional groups of the test sample and cannot separate out the whole molecular structure of the test sample. It is therefore necessary to further analyze the molecular structure of the test coal sample using other test methods as a complement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-temperature-stage spectrum test system which is novel and reasonable in design, convenient to implement, low in cost, convenient to use and operate, accurate in temperature control, capable of truly reflecting the change condition of the molecular structure of a coal sample under the high-temperature condition of coal spontaneous combustion, strong in practicability, good in use effect and convenient to popularize and use in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high temperature stage spectral test system in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal is characterized in that: comprises a constant temperature furnace, a coal sample tank which is arranged in the constant temperature furnace and used for placing a coal sample, a constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism, a gas supply system and a temperature control cabinet;
the constant temperature furnace comprises a cube-shaped constant temperature furnace body and a constant temperature furnace cover arranged above the constant temperature furnace body, wherein a first through hole is formed in the constant temperature furnace cover, a plug used for sealing the first through hole is arranged on the first through hole, the constant temperature furnace cover and the constant temperature furnace body after being closed are a hearth, heating units are arranged on four side surfaces in the hearth and the bottom in the hearth, a constant temperature furnace quartz glass observation hole is formed in the constant temperature furnace body, the constant temperature furnace body comprises a ceramic fiber layer positioned on the outer side of the hearth, a carbon steel layer positioned on the outer side of the ceramic fiber layer and a stainless steel layer positioned on the outer side of the carbon steel layer, a first gap is formed between the ceramic fiber layer and the carbon steel layer, a second gap is formed between the carbon steel layer and the stainless steel layer, and the first gap is a vacuum gap;
the coal sample tank consists of a tank body and a tank cover which are hermetically connected through bolts, a quartz glass observation hole of the coal sample tank is arranged in the middle of the tank body, the tank body consists of an inner layer tank body and an outer layer tank body, an air inlet pipe is arranged in a gap between the inner layer tank body and the outer layer tank body, the lower end of the air inlet pipe penetrates into the inner layer tank body, the upper end of the air inlet pipe extends out of the gap between the inner layer tank body and the outer layer tank body, an air outlet pipe with the lower end extending into the inner layer tank body is arranged on the tank cover, and the upper end of the air inlet pipe and the upper end of the air outlet pipe both penetrate out of the furnace body of the constant temperature furnace from a first through hole;
the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism comprises a supporting frame and two lifters which are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the left side and the right side of the lower portion of the supporting frame, a motor for driving the two lifters to move synchronously is arranged at the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame, shaft redirectors are respectively arranged at the left corner and the right corner of the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame, the two lifters are respectively connected with the two shaft redirectors through two first transmission shafts, the two shaft redirectors are respectively connected with output shafts of the motor through two second transmission shafts, lifting seats are fixedly connected onto the two lifters, the temperature control cabinet and the constant temperature furnace body are both arranged at the top of the lifting seats, a constant temperature furnace cover is hung at the top of the supporting frame and is positioned right above the constant temperature furnace body, four guide columns which are respectively positioned at the four corners of the lifting seats and are used for guiding the lifting of the lifting seats, and an upper limit switch for limiting the lifting seats and a lower limit switch for limiting the lifting seats; the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism is provided with an ultraviolet analyzer with an observation head which is over against a quartz glass observation hole of the constant temperature furnace;
the air supply system comprises an air source, a drying tube, a pressure stabilizing valve, a gas mass flowmeter and a preheating tube which are connected in sequence, and the upper end of the air inlet tube is connected with the preheating tube;
the temperature control cabinet is internally provided with a controller, a coal sample tank internal temperature control meter and a coal sample tank external temperature control meter, the controller, the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter and the coal sample tank external temperature control meter are all connected with a power supply through a power switch, the input end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter is connected with a first temperature measurement probe for detecting the internal temperature of the coal sample tank in real time, the input end of the coal sample tank external temperature control meter is connected with a second temperature measurement probe for detecting the external temperature of the coal sample tank in real time, the first temperature measurement probe and the second temperature measurement probe are both arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the constant temperature furnace, the first temperature measurement probe extends into the coal sample tank, the output end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter is connected with a thyristor, the heating unit is connected with the output end of the thyristor, and the output end of the coal sample tank external temperature control meter is connected with an overtemperature indicator lamp; the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are connected with the input end of the controller, the input end of the controller is further connected with an ascending control button and a descending control button, the output end of the controller is connected with a motor driver, and the motor is connected with the output end of the motor driver.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process is characterized in that: the first through hole is tubular, and the upper end face of the first through hole is higher than the upper surface of a furnace cover of the constant temperature furnace.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process is characterized in that: the tank body is cylindrical, the inner tank body and the outer tank body are both made of carbon-silicon materials, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are both made of red copper materials.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion process is characterized in that: the air source is a compressed air bottle or an oil-free air pump.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion process is characterized in that: the coal sample tank comprises a constant temperature furnace body, a first temperature measuring probe, a second temperature measuring probe, a temperature control meter and an overtemperature indicator light, wherein the constant temperature furnace body is cuboid, the first temperature measuring probe is arranged on the side wall of the constant temperature furnace body in the length direction, the second temperature measuring probe is two and is respectively arranged on the two side walls of the constant temperature furnace body in the width direction, and the number of the corresponding coal sample tank outer temperature control meters and the number of the corresponding overtemperature indicator lights are two; the first temperature probe and the second temperature probe are both platinum rhodium thermocouples.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process is characterized in that: the heating device is characterized in that refractory bricks are arranged on the ceramic fiber layer at the bottom of the hearth, the heating units are heating resistance wires, the heating resistance wires on the four side surfaces in the hearth are embedded on the ceramic fiber layer, and the heating resistance wires at the bottom in the hearth are embedded on the refractory bricks.
The high-temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process is characterized in that: the middle part of the tank body is provided with a second through hole opposite to the quartz glass observation hole of the coal sample tank, and the first temperature measuring probe extends into the coal sample tank in a mode of penetrating into the second through hole.
The invention also discloses a high-temperature stage spectrum test method in the spontaneous combustion and ignition process of coal, which has the advantages of simple method steps, convenient realization, capability of truly reflecting the molecular structure change condition of the coal sample under the high-temperature spontaneous combustion condition of the coal, strong practicability and good use effect, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, filling a crushed and screened coal sample into an inner-layer tank body, and then sealing the tank body and a tank cover;
pressing a power switch, pressing a descending control button, driving a motor to rotate by a controller through a motor driver, driving two lifters to descend by the motor, driving a lifting seat to descend by the two lifters, enabling a constant-temperature furnace body to descend along with the lifting seat, outputting a signal to the controller when a lower limit switch detects that the lifting seat descends to a limit position, stopping driving the motor to rotate by the controller through the motor driver, enabling the constant-temperature furnace body to descend to the lowest position and be separated from a constant-temperature furnace cover, placing a coal sample tank in the constant-temperature furnace body, adjusting the position of the coal sample tank to enable a quartz glass observation hole of the coal sample tank to be aligned with a quartz glass observation hole of the constant-temperature furnace, removing a plug used for sealing the first through hole, penetrating the upper end of an air inlet pipe and the upper end of an air outlet pipe out of the constant-temperature furnace body from the first through hole, connecting the upper end of the air inlet pipe with a temperature measuring pipe, penetrating a first probe through the second through hole into the inner-layer tank body, and then carrying out sealing treatment on the first through hole;
step three, pressing a lifting control button, driving a motor to rotate by a controller through a motor driver, driving two lifters to lift by the motor, driving a lifting seat to lift by the two lifters, enabling a constant-temperature furnace body to lift along with the lifting seat, outputting a signal to the controller when an upper limit switch detects that the lifting seat rises to a limit position, stopping driving the motor to rotate by the controller through the motor driver, and enabling the constant-temperature furnace body to rise to the highest position and be closed with a constant-temperature furnace cover;
mounting the ultraviolet analyzer on the lifting seat, and enabling an observation head of the ultraviolet analyzer to be over against a quartz glass observation hole of the constant temperature furnace;
operating a temperature control meter in the coal sample tank, setting an upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank, operating a temperature control meter outside the coal sample tank, and setting an upper limit value of the temperature outside the coal sample tank; the temperature control meter in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit to start heating through the silicon controlled rectifier;
step six, in the heating process of the heating unit, a first temperature measurement probe detects the internal temperature of the coal sample tank in real time, a second temperature measurement probe detects the external temperature of the coal sample tank in real time, a temperature control meter in the coal sample tank periodically samples and displays the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank detected by the first temperature measurement probe, the sampling value of the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank is compared with a set upper temperature limit value, and when the sampling value does not reach the set upper temperature limit value, the temperature control meter in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit to stop heating through a silicon controlled rectifier; meanwhile, a temperature control meter in the coal sample tank records that the temperature in the coal sample tank reaches a temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion ignition experiment of the coal sample, and when the temperature in the coal sample tank reaches the temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion ignition experiment of the coal sample, an ultraviolet analyzer detects an ultraviolet spectrum of the coal sample and outputs a spectrogram; meanwhile, the coal sample tank external temperature control meter periodically samples and displays the coal sample tank external temperature signal detected by the second temperature measuring probe, the sampling value of the coal sample tank external temperature signal is compared with the set temperature upper limit value, and when the sampling value reaches the set temperature upper limit value, the coal sample tank external temperature control meter controls the overtemperature indicator lamp to be lightened to remind an experimenter of paying attention.
The above method is characterized in that: the upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank set in the fifth step is 200-1000 ℃, and the temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion ignition experiment of the coal sample in the sixth step is a temperature point which is multiple of ten.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the spectrum test system for the high-temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion process of the coal has the advantages of simple structure, novel and reasonable design, convenience in implementation and low cost.
2. The spectrum test system for the high-temperature stage in the coal spontaneous combustion ignition process is convenient to use and operate, can improve the temperature of a coal spontaneous combustion ignition experiment to 200-1000 ℃, and can truly reflect the molecular structure change condition of a coal sample under the coal spontaneous combustion high-temperature condition.
3. According to the spectrum test system for the high-temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion process of the coal, the temperature control meter in the coal sample tank, the temperature control meter outside the coal sample tank, the first temperature measuring probe, the second temperature measuring probe and the heating unit are arranged, so that the temperature control is accurate, and the molecular structure change condition of the coal sample under the high-temperature condition of spontaneous combustion of the coal can be truly reflected.
4. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion process of the coal has simple steps and convenient realization, and the recorded experimental data can be used for establishing a relevant coal spontaneous combustion model and guiding the prevention and treatment project of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
5. The invention has strong practicability and good use effect and is convenient for popularization and use.
In conclusion, the coal sample molecular structure automatic control device is novel and reasonable in design, convenient to implement, low in cost, convenient to use and operate, accurate in temperature control, capable of truly reflecting the change situation of the coal sample molecular structure under the high-temperature condition of coal spontaneous combustion, strong in practicability, good in use effect and convenient to popularize and use.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a high temperature stage spectral test testing system during spontaneous combustion of coal according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a high temperature stage spectral test testing system during spontaneous combustion of coal.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the thermostatic oven, the coal sample tank and the gas supply system.
FIG. 4 is an electrical control schematic block diagram of the high temperature stage spectrum test system in the coal spontaneous combustion process of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-constant temperature furnace; 2-carbon steel layer; 3-a stainless steel layer;
4, a hearth; 5-a first via; 6-first gap;
7-outer tank body; 8, an inner layer tank body; 9-an air inlet pipe;
10-air outlet pipe; 11-a coal sample tank quartz glass observation hole; 12-a heating unit;
13-coal sample; 14-a coal sample tank; 15-can cover;
16-a source of air; 17-a drying tube; 18-a pressure maintaining valve;
19-gas mass flow meter; 20-preheating tube; 21-temperature control cabinet;
22-furnace cover of a constant temperature furnace; 23-constant temperature furnace body; 24-a first temperature probe;
25-a second temperature probe; 26-quartz glass observation holes of a constant temperature furnace; 27-a ceramic fibre layer;
28-a support frame; 29-a lift; 30, a motor;
31-an axle diverter; 32-a first drive shaft; 33-a second drive shaft;
34-a lifting seat; 35-a guide post; 36-upper limit switch;
37-lower limit switch; 38-ultraviolet analyzer; 39-a controller;
40-temperature control meter in the coal sample tank; 41-temperature control meter outside the coal sample tank;
42-power switch; 43-a power supply; 44-a thyristor;
45-overtemperature indicator lights; 46-up control button; 47 — down control button;
48 — a motor driver; 49-refractory bricks; 50 — second gap.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the high-temperature-stage spectrum test system in the spontaneous combustion process of coal of the present invention comprises a constant temperature furnace 1, a coal sample tank 14 arranged in the constant temperature furnace 1 and used for placing a coal sample 13, a constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism, an air supply system and a temperature control cabinet 21;
the constant temperature furnace 1 comprises a cube-shaped constant temperature furnace body 23 and a constant temperature furnace cover 22 arranged above the constant temperature furnace body 23, wherein a first through hole 5 is formed in the constant temperature furnace cover 22, a plug used for sealing the first through hole 5 is arranged on the first through hole 5, the inner space of the constant temperature furnace body 23 after the constant temperature furnace cover 22 and the constant temperature furnace body 23 are closed is a hearth 4, heating units 12 are arranged on four side surfaces in the hearth 4 and the inner bottom of the hearth 4, a constant temperature furnace quartz glass observation hole 26 is formed in the constant temperature furnace body 23, the constant temperature furnace body 23 comprises a ceramic fiber layer 27 located on the outer side of the hearth 4, a carbon steel layer 2 located on the outer side of the ceramic fiber layer 27 and a stainless steel layer 3 located on the outer side of the carbon steel layer 2, a first gap 6 is arranged between the ceramic fiber layer 27 and the carbon steel layer 2, a second gap 50 is arranged between the carbon steel layer 2 and the stainless steel layer 3, and the first gap 6 is a vacuum gap; in specific implementation, the furnace body 23 of the constant temperature furnace is manufactured by welding. The aperture of the first through hole 5 is 30mm, the length of the hearth 4 is 650mm, the width of the hearth 4 is 450mm, and the height of the hearth 4 is 400mm; the length of the constant temperature furnace body 23 is 950mm, the width of the constant temperature furnace body 23 is 750mm, and the height of the constant temperature furnace body 23 is 800mm;
the coal sample tank 14 consists of a tank body and a tank cover 15 which are hermetically connected through bolts, the middle part of the tank body is provided with a quartz glass observation hole 11 of the coal sample tank, the tank body consists of an inner layer tank body 8 and an outer layer tank body 7, a gas inlet pipe 9 is arranged in a gap between the inner layer tank body 8 and the outer layer tank body 7, the lower end of the gas inlet pipe 9 penetrates into the inner layer tank body 8, the upper end of the gas inlet pipe 9 extends out of the gap between the inner layer tank body 8 and the outer layer tank body 7, the tank cover 15 is provided with a gas outlet pipe 10 of which the lower end extends into the inner layer tank body 8, and the upper end of the gas inlet pipe 9 and the upper end of the gas outlet pipe 10 penetrate out of the furnace body 23 of the constant temperature furnace from a first through hole 5;
the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism comprises a supporting frame 28 and two lifters 29 which are respectively installed at the middle positions of the left side and the right side of the lower portion of the supporting frame 28, a motor 30 for driving the two lifters 29 to move synchronously is installed at the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame 28, shaft deflectors 31 are installed at the left corner and the right corner of the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame 28, the two lifters 29 are respectively connected with the two shaft deflectors 31 through two first transmission shafts 32, the two shaft deflectors 31 are respectively connected with output shafts of the motor 30 through two second transmission shafts 33, lifting seats 34 are fixedly connected onto the two lifters 29, the temperature control cabinet 21 and the constant temperature furnace body 23 are both installed at the top of the lifting seats 34, the constant temperature furnace 22 is arranged at the top of the supporting frame 28 in a hanging manner and is located right above the constant temperature furnace body 23, four furnace cover guide columns 35 which are respectively located at the lifting positions of the lifting seats 34 and are used for guiding the lifting of the lifting seats 34 to lift, and four furnace cover guide columns 35 for guiding the lifting seats 34 to move downwards from the upper limit position to the lower limit position of the lifting seats 37 are installed on the supporting frame 28; the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism is provided with an ultraviolet analyzer 38 with an observation head which is over against the constant temperature furnace quartz glass observation hole 26; the constant temperature furnace body 23 and the constant temperature furnace cover 22 can realize opening and closing functions through the lifting of the two lifters 29, and in the lifting process, the limit position of the lifting of the constant temperature furnace body 23 can be controlled through arranging the upper limit switch 36 and the lower limit switch 37, so that the constant temperature furnace 1 is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the lifting exceeds the limit position;
the air supply system comprises an air source 16, a drying tube 17, a pressure stabilizing valve 18, a gas mass flowmeter 19 and a preheating tube 20 which are connected in sequence, and the upper end of the air inlet tube 9 is connected with the preheating tube 20; by arranging the preheating pipe 20, the air can be fully preheated when entering the coal sample tank 14 and can reach the balance with the ambient temperature; in a specific implementation, the preheating pipe 20 is made of a copper pipe.
Referring to fig. 4, a controller 39, a coal sample tank internal temperature control meter 40 and a coal sample tank external temperature control meter 41 are arranged in the temperature control cabinet 21, the controller 39, the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter 40 and the coal sample tank external temperature control meter 41 are all connected with a power supply 43 through a power switch 42, an input end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter 40 is connected with a first temperature measurement probe 24 used for detecting the internal temperature of the coal sample tank 14 in real time, an input end of the coal sample tank external temperature control meter 41 is connected with a second temperature measurement probe 25 used for detecting the external temperature of the coal sample tank 14 in real time, the first temperature measurement probe 24 and the second temperature measurement probe 25 are both arranged on the side wall of the constant temperature furnace body 23, the first temperature measurement probe 24 extends into the coal sample tank 14, an output end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter 40 is connected with a thyristor 44, the heating unit 12 is connected with an output end of the thyristor 44, and an output end of the coal sample tank external temperature control meter 41 is connected with an overtemperature indicator lamp 45; the upper limit switch 36 and the lower limit switch 37 are connected with the input end of the controller 39, the input end of the controller 39 is also connected with an ascending control button 46 and a descending control button 47, the output end of the controller 39 is connected with a motor driver 48, and the motor 30 is connected with the output end of the motor driver 48. In specific implementation, the conducting wire connecting the first temperature probe 24 and the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank, the conducting wire connecting the second temperature probe 25 and the temperature control meter 41 outside the coal sample tank, and the conducting wire connecting the heating unit 12 and the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank are all arranged in the second gap 50.
In this embodiment, the first through hole 5 is tubular, and an upper end surface of the first through hole 5 is higher than an upper surface of a furnace cover 22 of the thermostatic furnace.
In this embodiment, the tank body is cylindrical, the inner tank body 8 and the outer tank body 7 are both made of carbon silicon material, and the air inlet pipe 9 and the air outlet pipe 10 are both made of red copper material.
In this embodiment, the air source 16 is a compressed air bottle or an oil-free air pump.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the constant temperature furnace body 23 is rectangular, the first temperature probes 24 are disposed on the side walls of the constant temperature furnace body 23 in the length direction, the second temperature probes 25 are two and disposed on the two side walls of the constant temperature furnace body 23 in the width direction, and the number of the corresponding coal sample tank external temperature control meters 41 and the number of the over-temperature indicator lamps 45 are both two; the first temperature measuring probe 24 and the second temperature measuring probe 25 are both platinum-rhodium thermocouples.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, refractory bricks 49 are disposed on the ceramic fiber layer 27 at the bottom of the hearth 4, the heating units 12 are heating resistance wires, the heating resistance wires on the four sides in the hearth 4 are embedded on the ceramic fiber layer 27, and the heating resistance wires at the bottom in the hearth 4 are embedded on the refractory bricks 49. In specific implementation, the heating speed of the heating resistance wire is 1-20 ℃/min, and the temperature stability of the heating resistance wire is +/-1 ℃. By providing the refractory bricks 49, the pressure resistance of the constant temperature furnace body 23 is improved.
In this embodiment, the middle of the tank body is provided with a second through hole opposite to the quartz glass observation hole 11 of the coal sample tank, and the first temperature measurement probe 24 extends into the coal sample tank 14 by penetrating into the second through hole. The first temperature measuring probe 24 is arranged in this way, so that the temperature inside the coal sample tank 14 can be measured accurately.
The invention discloses a high-temperature stage spectrum test method in a coal spontaneous combustion ignition process, which comprises the following steps:
step one, filling a crushed and screened coal sample 13 into an inner-layer tank body 8, and then sealing the tank body and a tank cover 15;
secondly, a power switch 42 is pressed, a descending control button 47 is pressed, the controller 39 drives the motor 30 to rotate through a motor driver 48, the motor 30 drives the two lifters 29 to descend, the two lifters 29 drive the lifting seat 34 to descend, the constant temperature furnace body 23 descends along with the lifting seat 34, when the lower limit switch 37 detects that the lifting seat 34 descends to a limit position, a signal is output to the controller 39, the controller 39 stops driving the motor 30 to rotate through the motor driver 48, the constant temperature furnace body 23 descends to the lowest position and is separated from the constant temperature furnace cover 22, the coal sample tank 14 is placed in the constant temperature furnace body 23, the position of the coal sample tank 14 is adjusted, the coal sample tank quartz glass observation hole 11 is aligned with the constant temperature furnace quartz glass observation hole 26, a plug used for sealing the first through hole 5 is removed, the upper end of the air inlet pipe 9 and the upper end of the air outlet pipe 10 penetrate out of the constant temperature furnace body 23 from the first through hole 5, the upper end of the air inlet pipe 9 is connected with the preheating pipe 20, the first temperature measuring probe 24 penetrates into the second through hole 8, and then the first through hole 5 is sealed and processed;
step three, pressing a lifting control button 46, driving the motor 30 to rotate by the controller 39 through a motor driver 48, driving the two lifters 29 to lift by the motor 30, driving the lifting seat 34 to lift by the two lifters 29, lifting the constant temperature furnace body 23 along with the lifting seat 34, outputting a signal to the controller 39 when the upper limit switch 36 detects that the lifting seat 34 is lifted to a limit position, stopping driving the motor 30 to rotate by the controller 39 through the motor driver 48, and enabling the constant temperature furnace body 23 to be lifted to the highest position and be closed with the constant temperature furnace cover 22;
step four, mounting the ultraviolet analyzer 38 on the lifting seat 34, and enabling an observation head of the ultraviolet analyzer 38 to be over against the quartz glass observation hole 26 of the constant temperature furnace;
fifthly, operating a temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank, setting an upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank 14, operating a temperature control meter 41 outside the coal sample tank, and setting an upper limit value of the temperature outside the coal sample tank 14; the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit 12 to start heating through the silicon controlled rectifier 44;
step six, in the heating process of the heating unit 12, the first temperature measurement probe 24 detects the internal temperature of the coal sample tank 14 in real time, the second temperature measurement probe 25 detects the external temperature of the coal sample tank 14 in real time, the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank periodically samples and displays the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank 14 detected by the first temperature measurement probe 24, the sampling value of the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank 14 is compared with a set upper temperature limit value, and when the sampling value does not reach the set upper temperature limit value, the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit 12 to stop heating through the silicon controlled rectifier 44; meanwhile, the temperature control meter 40 in the coal sample tank records that the temperature in the coal sample tank 14 reaches a temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion experiment of the coal sample 13, and when the temperature in the coal sample tank 14 reaches the temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion experiment of the coal sample 13, the ultraviolet analyzer 38 detects an ultraviolet spectrum of the coal sample 13 and outputs a spectrogram; meanwhile, the external temperature control meter 41 of the coal sample tank periodically samples and displays the external temperature signal of the coal sample tank 14 detected by the second temperature measuring probe 25, compares the sampling value of the external temperature signal of the coal sample tank 14 with a set upper temperature limit value, and when the sampling value reaches the set upper temperature limit value, the external temperature control meter 41 of the coal sample tank controls the overtemperature indicator lamp 45 to be turned on to remind the experimenter of the overtemperature indicator lamp. The spectrogram recorded by the ultraviolet analyzer 38 can be used for judging the molecular structure change condition of the coal sample, judging the combustion condition of the coal sample 13, establishing a related coal spontaneous combustion model and guiding the prevention and control project of coal spontaneous combustion ignition.
In this embodiment, the upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank 14 set in the fifth step is 200 to 1000 ℃, and the temperature point to be tested for the spontaneous combustion ignition experiment of the coal sample 13 in the sixth step is a temperature point that is a multiple of ten.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A spectrum test method for a high-temperature stage in a spontaneous combustion process of coal is characterized in that a system adopted by the method comprises a constant-temperature furnace (1), a coal sample tank (14) which is arranged in the constant-temperature furnace (1) and used for placing a coal sample (13), a constant-temperature furnace lifting mechanism, an air supply system and a temperature control cabinet (21);
the constant temperature furnace (1) comprises a cube-shaped constant temperature furnace body (23) and a constant temperature furnace cover (22) arranged above the constant temperature furnace body (23), a first through hole (5) is formed in the constant temperature furnace cover (22), a plug used for sealing the first through hole (5) is arranged on the first through hole (5), the inner space of the constant temperature furnace body (23) after the constant temperature furnace cover (22) and the constant temperature furnace body (23) are closed is a furnace chamber (4), heating units (12) are arranged on four inner side surfaces of the furnace chamber (4) and the inner bottom of the furnace chamber (4), a constant temperature furnace quartz glass observation hole (26) is formed in the constant temperature furnace body (23), the constant temperature furnace body (23) comprises a ceramic fiber layer (27) positioned on the outer side of the furnace chamber (4), a carbon steel layer (2) positioned on the outer side of the ceramic fiber layer (27) and a stainless steel layer (3) positioned on the outer side of the carbon steel layer (2), a first clearance (6) is arranged between the ceramic fiber layer (27) and the carbon steel layer (2), and a second clearance (50) is arranged between the carbon steel layer (2);
the coal sample tank (14) is composed of a tank body and a tank cover (15) which are hermetically connected through bolts, a coal sample tank quartz glass observation hole (11) is formed in the middle of the tank body, the tank body is composed of an inner tank body (8) and an outer tank body (7), an air inlet pipe (9) is arranged in a gap between the inner tank body (8) and the outer tank body (7), the lower end of the air inlet pipe (9) penetrates into the inner tank body (8), the upper end of the air inlet pipe (9) extends out of the gap between the inner tank body (8) and the outer tank body (7), an air outlet pipe (10) with the lower end extending into the inner tank body (8) is arranged on the tank cover (15), and the upper end of the air inlet pipe (9) and the upper end of the air outlet pipe (10) both penetrate out of the constant temperature furnace body (23) from a first through hole (5);
the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism comprises a supporting frame (28) and two lifters (29) which are respectively installed at the middle positions of the left side and the right side of the lower portion of the supporting frame (28), motors (30) used for driving the two lifters (29) to synchronously move are installed on the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame (28), shaft redirectors (31) are installed at the left corner and the right corner of the rear side of the lower portion of the supporting frame (28), the two lifters (29) are respectively connected with the two shaft redirectors (31) through two first transmission shafts (32), the two shaft redirectors (31) are respectively connected with output shafts of the motors (30) through two second transmission shafts (33), lifting seats (34) are fixedly connected onto the two lifters (29), a temperature control cabinet (21) and a constant temperature furnace body (23) are installed at the tops of the lifting seats (34), a constant temperature furnace cover (22) is arranged at the tops of the supporting frame (28) in a hanging mode and is located right above the constant temperature furnace body (23), limit switches (34) are installed at the upper limit positions of the lifting seats (34) and used for conducting lifting to limiting position lifting of the lifting seats (34), and the lifting seats (34) for conducting lifting limiting position of the lifting switches (34), the lifting seats (34), and the lifting seats (34) are installed on the lifting seats, and the lifting seats are used for conducting lifting seats (34), and the lifting seats for limiting positions of the lifting seats (34), the lifting seats A bit switch (37); an ultraviolet analyzer (38) with an observing head which is over against the quartz glass observing hole (26) of the constant temperature furnace is arranged on the constant temperature furnace lifting mechanism;
the air supply system comprises an air source (16), a drying tube (17), a pressure stabilizing valve (18), a gas mass flowmeter (19) and a preheating tube (20) which are connected in sequence, and the upper end of the air inlet tube (9) is connected with the preheating tube (20);
a controller (39), a coal sample tank internal temperature control meter (40) and a coal sample tank external temperature control meter (41) are arranged in the temperature control cabinet (21), the controller (39), the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter (40) and the coal sample tank external temperature control meter (41) are connected with a power supply (43) through a power switch (42), the input end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter (40) is connected with a first temperature measurement probe (24) used for detecting the internal temperature of the coal sample tank (14) in real time, the input end of the coal sample tank external temperature control meter (41) is connected with a second temperature measurement probe (25) used for detecting the external temperature of the coal sample tank (14) in real time, the first temperature measurement probe (24) and the second temperature measurement probe (25) are both arranged on the side wall of the constant temperature furnace body (23), the first temperature measurement probe (24) extends into the coal sample tank (14), the output end of the coal sample tank internal temperature control meter (40) is connected with a thyristor (44), and the output end of the thyristor external temperature control meter (41) is connected with the heating unit (12), and an overtemperature indicator lamp (45); the upper limit switch (36) and the lower limit switch (37) are both connected with the input end of a controller (39), the input end of the controller (39) is also connected with an ascending control button (46) and a descending control button (47), the output end of the controller (39) is connected with a motor driver (48), and the motor (30) is connected with the output end of the motor driver (48); the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, filling a crushed and screened coal sample (13) into an inner-layer tank body (8), and then sealing the tank body and a tank cover (15);
secondly, a power switch (42) is pressed down, a descending control button (47) is pressed down, a controller (39) drives a motor (30) to rotate through a motor driver (48), the motor (30) drives two elevators (29) to descend, the two elevators (29) drive a lifting seat (34) to descend, a constant temperature furnace body (23) descends along with the lifting seat (34), when a lower limit switch (37) detects that the lifting seat (34) descends to a limit position, a signal is output to the controller (39), the controller (39) stops driving the motor (30) to rotate through the motor driver (48), the constant temperature furnace body (23) descends to the lowest position and is separated from a constant temperature furnace (22), the coal sample tank (14) is placed in the constant temperature furnace body (23), the position of the coal sample tank (14) is adjusted, a quartz glass observation hole (11) of the coal sample tank is aligned to a quartz glass observation hole (26) of the constant temperature furnace, a preheating pipe (9) used for sealing a first through hole (5) is removed, an upper end of an air inlet pipe (9) and an upper end of a temperature measuring pipe (8) of a tank body passes through a first through hole (24) and is connected with a temperature measuring pipe (8), then, sealing the first through hole (5);
step three, a lifting control button (46) is pressed, the controller (39) drives the motor (30) to rotate through the motor driver (48), the motor (30) drives the two lifters (29) to lift, the two lifters (29) drive the lifting seat (34) to lift, the constant temperature furnace body (23) lifts along with the lifting seat (34), when the upper limit switch (36) detects that the lifting seat (34) lifts to a limit position, a signal is output to the controller (39), the controller (39) stops driving the motor (30) to rotate through the motor driver (48), and the constant temperature furnace body (23) rises to the maximum and is closed with the constant temperature furnace cover (22);
step four, installing the ultraviolet analyzer (38) on the lifting seat (34) to enable an observation head of the ultraviolet analyzer (38) to be over against the quartz glass observation hole (26) of the constant temperature furnace;
fifthly, operating a temperature control meter (40) in the coal sample tank, setting the upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank (14), operating a temperature control meter (41) outside the coal sample tank, and setting the upper limit value of the temperature outside the coal sample tank (14); the temperature control meter (40) in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit (12) to start heating through the controllable silicon (44);
sixthly, in the heating process of the heating unit (12), the first temperature measuring probe (24) detects the internal temperature of the coal sample tank (14) in real time, the second temperature measuring probe (25) detects the external temperature of the coal sample tank (14) in real time, the temperature control meter (40) in the coal sample tank periodically samples and displays the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank (14) detected by the first temperature measuring probe (24), the sampling value of the internal temperature signal of the coal sample tank (14) is compared with a set upper temperature limit value, and when the sampling value does not reach the set upper temperature limit value, the temperature control meter (40) in the coal sample tank controls the heating unit (12) to stop heating through the silicon controlled rectifier (44); meanwhile, a temperature control meter (40) in the coal sample tank (14) records that the temperature in the coal sample tank (14) reaches a temperature point required to be tested for a spontaneous combustion experiment on the coal sample (13), and when the temperature in the coal sample tank (14) reaches the temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion experiment on the coal sample (13), an ultraviolet analyzer (38) detects an ultraviolet spectrum of the coal sample (13) and outputs a spectrogram; meanwhile, the external temperature control meter (41) of the coal sample tank periodically samples and displays the external temperature signal of the coal sample tank (14) detected by the second temperature measuring probe (25), the sampling value of the external temperature signal of the coal sample tank (14) is compared with a set upper temperature limit value, and when the sampling value reaches the set upper temperature limit value, the external temperature control meter (41) of the coal sample tank controls the overtemperature indicator lamp (45) to be lightened, so that the attention of experimenters is reminded.
2. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the first through hole (5) is tubular, and the upper end face of the first through hole (5) is higher than the upper surface of a furnace cover (22) of the constant temperature furnace.
3. The method for testing the spectrum test of the high temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion and ignition process of the coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tank body is cylindrical, the inner tank body (8) and the outer tank body (7) are both made of carbon silicon materials, and the air inlet pipe (9) and the air outlet pipe (10) are both made of red copper materials.
4. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the air source (16) is a compressed air bottle or an oil-free air pump.
5. The method for testing the spectrum test of the high temperature stage in the spontaneous combustion and ignition process of the coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the constant temperature furnace body (23) is a cuboid, the first temperature measuring probes (24) are arranged on the side walls of the constant temperature furnace body (23) in the length direction, the number of the second temperature measuring probes (25) is two, the second temperature measuring probes are respectively arranged on the two side walls of the constant temperature furnace body (23) in the width direction, and the number of the corresponding coal sample tank external temperature control meters (41) and the number of the over-temperature indicating lamps (45) are both two; the first temperature measuring probe (24) and the second temperature measuring probe (25) are both platinum-rhodium thermocouples.
6. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: refractory bricks (49) are arranged on the ceramic fiber layer (27) at the bottom of the hearth (4), the heating units (12) are heating resistance wires, the heating resistance wires on the four side surfaces in the hearth (4) are embedded on the ceramic fiber layer (27), and the heating resistance wires at the bottom in the hearth (4) are embedded on the refractory bricks (49).
7. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the middle part of the tank body is provided with a second through hole opposite to the quartz glass observation hole (11) of the coal sample tank, and the first temperature measuring probe (24) extends into the coal sample tank (14) in a mode of penetrating into the second through hole.
8. The method for testing the spectrum test at the high temperature stage in the process of spontaneous combustion and ignition of coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the upper limit value of the temperature in the coal sample tank (14) set in the fifth step is 200-1000 ℃, and the temperature point required to be tested for the spontaneous combustion ignition experiment of the coal sample (13) in the sixth step is a temperature point which is multiple of ten.
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