CN106442128B - A kind of stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method - Google Patents
A kind of stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442128B CN106442128B CN201610789645.7A CN201610789645A CN106442128B CN 106442128 B CN106442128 B CN 106442128B CN 201610789645 A CN201610789645 A CN 201610789645A CN 106442128 B CN106442128 B CN 106442128B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of stainless steel limited drawing ratio test methods.Method is: the test of I tri- groups of diameter 85mm, 90mm, 95mm sample drawing and forming, and every group of test specimen quantity is 4, measures the maximum drawing force average value of every group of sample；The II diameter 120mm sample of same accuracy 4, same to carry out drawing and forming test using lesser pressure-pad-force, the Limit Drawing power average value during test, when test sample ruptures；III finds out the regression beeline equation of maximum drawing force average value Yu respective samples diameter with linear regression method；Draw specimen finish-drawing pressure curve graph；IV finds out the abscissa of the intersection point M of two straight lines with graphing method from curve graph, is maximum gauge (D0)max；V uses (D0)maxDivided by convex mould diameter dp.Centralising device is the annulus of the differential 1.25mm of inner circle diameter.Method test stainless sheet steel Limit Drawing power of the invention and limited drawing ratio it is high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stainless steel limited drawing ratio test methods.
Background technique
Circular disc test specimen is pressed between cavity plate and blank holder by drawing experiments system, carries out drawing and forming to it by punch-pin,
With measure the wall portion near drawing bottom of cup fillet do not generate allow when rupture using maximum specimen finish (D0)max, test
After, with the maximum specimen finish (D measured0)maxDivided by convex mould diameter dpCalculate limited drawing ratio LDR.
Drawing experiments are divided into drawing experiments (SWIFT test) and drawing load test by the difference of test method
(Englehard or TZP test), test result uses LDR and LDR (T) to indicate respectively.
Drawing experiments (SWIFT) system uses the sample of different-diameter, according to the differential operation for increasing diameter step by step of 1.25mm
Program carries out drawing punch test, until finding diameter (D when bottom of cup rupture according to certain rule0)max, and then calculate
LDR value.
The test result of SWIFT test is relatively accurate, stablizes, but due to can not accurately estimate material when test
LDR value, and its LDR result of different materials difference is larger, so specimen size size cannot be determined beforehand when test, it can only
Groped when doing experiment, while under each size also needing the size for groping pressure-pad-force to guarantee that sample neither rises and energy
Flowing and deep-drawing deformation occurs under the drawing pressure effect of punch-pin, about 100 may need to be done by causing to do a LDR test result in this way
The drawing punching course of a or so different-diameter sample, not only sample processing difficulties, doing experiment can also become very cumbersome.
The drawing potentiality test method that drawing load test principle is proposed based on W.Engelhard, test opposite SWIFT compared with
Simply, but it is more demanding to experimental rig.The blank holder of experimental rig need to be divided into inside and outside blank holder, when test, first use external press edge
Circle applies certain pressure-pad-force to sample, and carries out drawing to sample by punch-pin, maximum drawing force Fpmax is measured, then with interior
Blank holder compresses sample, continues to load by punch-pin, measures when wall portion ruptures near sample bottom roundings in cavity plate
Limit Drawing power Fpf, the straight line that the Fpf of straight line and different-diameter sample that the Fpmax of different-diameter sample is drawn in is drawn in
Intersection point corresponding to specimen finish be (D0)maxT.Such experimental rig manufacturing cost is higher, and sexual valence is relatively low, market
It is difficult to buy.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of existing stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method, the present invention provides a kind of stainless steel pole
Drawing is limited than test method, this method tests high-efficient, the simplification of stainless sheet steel material limits drawing pressure and limited drawing ratio
The testing process of limited drawing ratio LDR.
Technical solution of the present invention
1, Limit Drawing force test method and analysis
During drawing experiments, drawing barrel bottom A point is the region that most serious is thinned in sample, and is easiest to rupture
Place, the kicking force P of drawing pressure F and punch-pin that sample barrel A point is born are as shown in Figure 1, left part is punch-pin, upper right in Fig. 1
Angle is cavity plate, and the lower right corner is blank holder, and the center of punch-pin, cavity plate and circular disc test specimen should be in same vertical line when test.Disk
When sample starts drawing, due to the presence of the radius of the round corner of concave-convex die, barrel drawing pressure F cannot be parallel to punch-pin traffic direction, from
And kicking force P and F and unequal, actually P=Fcos θ.Drawing cup height is higher when rupture, and θ value is smaller, and cos θ is more approached
In 1.After drawing height is greater than the sum of the radius of the round corner of concave-convex die, θ becomes 0 °, the drawing pressure F phase that kicking force P is born with barrel
Deng.
Limit Drawing power is exactly the maximum tension stress that barrel force transmission region material can bear when testing, and is recognized according to theoretical calculation
The maximum tension stress such as equation (1) that can bear for barrel force transmission region material is shown, n, r value with material, tensile strength and material
Expect that thickness is related, it is unrelated with the diameter of sample.
In formula: n-institute's test material material strain hardening exponent；R-institute's test material material plane plasticity strains ratio；
The tensile strength of-institute test material material；R-convex mould diameter；- sample thickness.
It can test to obtain the size of kicking force during drawing experiments, so drawing sample extremely ruptures, when drawing cup body
When height is greater than the sum of the radius of the round corner of concave-convex die, kicking force is equal to the maximum tension stress that material can bear.
For stainless steel, since its bulging ability is stronger, maximum, force elongation percentage is generally larger, with larger examination when test
Sample diameter (the approximately equal to corresponding specimen finish of limited drawing ratio), smaller pressure-pad-force drawing sample are to rupture, obtained cup body
Height both greater than the sum of the radius of the round corner of concave-convex die (the radius of the round corner of concave-convex die is subject in GB/T15825 and is provided), and difference substantially
The Limit Drawing power size measured under specimen finish, different pressure-pad-forces, different cup heights is almost the same, fluctuates within 5%,
Limit Drawing power test data is as shown in table 1.As quick test, the specimen finish for being approximately equal to Limit Drawing state can be selected
(stainless steel can be selected specimen finish be 120mm), using lesser pressure-pad-force drawing to rupturing, when test, measures rupture most
Big kicking force is as Limit Drawing power.
Table 1
2, limited drawing ratio accelerated test procedures and data processing method
It is in linear approximate relationship between specimen finish and maximum drawing force when carrying out drawing to disc-shaped sample, sample is straight
Diameter increases, and maximum drawing force increases, when maximum drawing force increases to the maximum tension stress that material can bear, at drawing experiments
In Limit Drawing state, the ratio of specimen finish and convex mould diameter at this moment is limited drawing ratio LDR.
Related Materials Handbook shows that the limited drawing ratio of stainless steel material is typically greater than 1.9, straight by standard method punch-pin
When diameter takes 50mm, specimen finish should be greater than 95mm under Limit Drawing state.In order to keep quick drawing experiments result more accurate, survey
When measuring maximum drawing force, sample should be selected as far as possible close to the diameter under Limit Drawing state, such as 85mm, 90mm, 95mm.
Therefore, as long as testing out the relation curve between specimen finish and maximum drawing force, and by this section first test
The Limit Drawing power that test material can bear out, limit specimen finish (D can be calculated by data processing0)max, from
And calculate limited drawing ratio LDR.Specimen finish and drawing pressure relationship are shown in Fig. 2.
Above-mentioned theory principle is used for reference, is formed of the invention by repetition test in conjunction with stainless sheet steel forming property feature
Stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method.
The step of this stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method, is successively as follows:
I using diameter be respectively tri- groups of different-diameters of 85mm, 90mm, 95mm sample carry out drawing and forming test, every group
Interior test specimen quantity is 4, tests out the maximum drawing force average value under every group of sample.Sample is straight
The mismachining tolerance of diameter should be not more than ± 0.05mm.
II processes the sample that 4 diameters are 120mm with same precision, using lesser pressure-pad-force (0kN-10kN), together
Sample carries out drawing and forming test, during test, allows Bear-grudge body edge to occur slight and becomes, limit when test sample ruptures is drawn
Deep power average value。
III finds out maximum drawing force average value with linear regression methodIt is straight with respective samples
The regression beeline equation of diameter.
Specimen finish-drawing pressure curve graph is drawn, as shown in Figure 2.
IV finds out the abscissa of the intersection point M of two straight lines, as maximum gauge (D with graphing method from curve graph0)max。
V uses (D0)maxDivided by convex mould diameter dpAs limited drawing ratio LDR.
Centralising device of the invention
When drawing experiments, circular disc test specimen center and punch-pin center line should in a straight line, and deviation is not more than 0.5mm.In order to
Test operation is convenient, and guarantee sample to neutrality, on the basis of blank holder outer circle, between the differential 1.25mm of circular diameter is
Every a series of ring devices are arranged.Ring device is a ring, and 28 outer circles of ring device are all Ф 132.8mm.
A set of centralising device includes 28 ring devices.The material of each ring device preferably has certain toughness with soft
Hard paper or plastic sheet, for thickness between 0.7-1.2mm, the concentricity of inner circle and outer circle should be less than 0.1mm, and interior circular diameter should be with
Plus tolerance 0.05mm production, when such as interior circular diameter is 85mm, production diameter should be between 85mm~85.05mm, to guarantee to hold
Easy centering is placed or is removed.Test proves that this centralising device is easy to use, easy to operate, it is ensured that sample meets neutrality
0.5mm requirement.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
This stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method is easy to operate for stainless steel drawing experiments, both ensure that Deep Drawing Limit
Than the relative precision of test result, and significantly simplify operating process.Detection efficiency is set at least to improve 5 times.
Drawing experiments specimen size can predefine, and change the mode that specimen size need to determine while testing,
Sample can carry out batch machining, improve sample producing efficiency.Reduce test before determine pressure-pad-force trial test number with
And find limit specimen finish carry out grope approach test number (TN), change experiment process cannot predetermined situation, make
Test process can be smoothly completed according to preset program.
This center centralising device suitable for current forming test machine carry out drawing experiments when sample and punch-die between
Heart centering, circular disc test specimen center is with testing machine punch-die center to neutrality when ensure that drawing experiments, and operation is simple, protects
Going on smoothly for drawing experiments is hindered.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Limit Drawing force test method and analysis schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is specimen finish and drawing pressure relational graph.
Fig. 3 is centralising device main view.
Fig. 4 is centralising device radially cut-away diagram.
Fig. 5 is embodiment specimen finish-drawing pressure curve graph.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and its attached drawing specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, but specific implementation of the invention
Mode is not limited to following embodiments, and the following examples are not limitations of the present invention.
Embodiment of the method
The step of this stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method embodiment, is successively as follows:
I a block specifications with a thickness of on the 430 Thin Stainless Steel plate blank materials of 1.0mm, produce diameter be respectively 85mm, 90mm,
The circular disc test specimen of 95mm each four, outer diameter machining tolerance is not more than ± 0.05mm.Test out the maximum drawing under every group of sample
Power average value、、。
The testing procedure of maximum drawing force is as follows:
A opens sheet stamping testing machine and drawing experiments control software.
It is that the ring device (first ring device in centralising device) of 85mm is placed in down that b, which takes the internal diameter in the present invention,
On blank holder, the sample that diameter is 85mm is placed in centralising device, while mobile sample and ring device, it carefully will be annular
Quoit in the outer circle and blank holder of device is to just.
C pressure-pad-force is set as 0kN, and cavity rate is set as 0.16~1.2mm/s.
D starts testing machine and carries out drawing punching press to sample, while drawing stamping press-punching press displacement curve, and Bear-grudge body drawing is complete
After total detachment blank holder, stopping test, (cup edge Ying Wuqi becomes to occurring, if act phenomenon, need to slightly increase pressure-pad-force weight
New test).
It is 44.08kN that e, which measures the maximum stamping press in punching course from stamping press-punching press displacement curve,.
F repeats the step of b-e, carries out drawing experiments to the sample that remaining 11 diameter is 85mm, 90mm, 95mm, measures
It is 85mm sample, 43.31 kN, 42.73 kN, 42.95 kN that maximum stamping press, which is respectively as follows: diameter,；Diameter is 90mm sample,
52.66 kN,53.29kN,52.95kN,52.70kN；Diameter be 95mm sample, 63.99 kN, 64.56kN, 64.85kN,
66.33kN.Maximum drawing force average valueRespectively 43.27 kN, 52.90 kN, 64.93 kN.
II processes the sample that 4 diameters are 120mm with same precision, using lesser pressure-pad-force (0kN-10kN), together
Sample carries out drawing and forming test, during test, allows Bear-grudge body edge to occur slight and becomes, limit when test sample ruptures is drawn
Deep power average value。
Specific testing procedure is as follows:
The ring device that a is 120mm using internal diameter by a diameter be 120mm sample in the way of b-e in step I
Centering is placed on sheet stamping testing machine.
B pressure-pad-force is set as 5kN, and cavity rate is set as 0.16~1.2mm/s.
C starts punching tester and carries out drawing punching press to sample, while drawing stamping press-punching press displacement curve, Bear-grudge body bottom
When portion fillet position ruptures, stop test (Bear-grudge body edge allows to have had phenomenon).
D records ultimate tensile stress when punching press rupture are as follows: 84.54 kN.
E repeat step a-d, measure its excess-three diameter for 120mm sample ultimate tensile stress be respectively as follows: 82.39 kN,
82.70kN,85.06kN.Limit Drawing power average valueFor 83.67kN.
III finds out maximum drawing force average value with linear regression methodIt is straight with respective samples
The regression beeline equation of diameter.
The specific method is as follows:
For a using specimen finish as X-coordinate, maximum stamping press is Y-coordinate, is the maximum of 85mm, 90mm, 95mm sample to diameter
Drawing pressure average value carries out linear regression fit with least square method, the linear equation being fitted are as follows: Y=2.166X-
141.24, coefficient R2=0.9959。
IV draws specimen finish-drawing pressure curve graph, as shown in Figure 5.
V finds out the abscissa of the intersection point M of two straight lines, as maximum gauge (D with graphing method from curve graph0)max.From
Maximum gauge (D can be acquired in Fig. 50)max=103.84mm。
VI uses (D0)maxDivided by convex mould diameter dpAs limited drawing ratio LDR
Convex mould diameter is 50mm, and use 103.84 is divided by 50, the limited drawing ratio for obtaining 430 stainless steel of 1.0mm specification
2.08。
Centralising device embodiment
A set of centralising device includes 28 ring devices in the present embodiment.The material of each ring device preferably use it is soft and
There are the hard paper or plastic sheet of certain toughness, with a thickness of 1.2mm.The concentricity of inner circle 3 and outer circle 2 should be less than 0.1mm, inner circle 3
Diameter should be made with plus tolerance 0.05mm, as 3 diameter of inner circle be 85mm when, production diameter should between 85mm~85.05mm,
It places or removes to guarantee to be easy centering.
The centralising device 1 of the present embodiment is 28.The diameter of 1 outer circle 2 of centralising device is 132.8 mm(of Ф and equipment flanging
The quoit of circle matches).Each centralising device 1 is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
The diameter of 28 inner circles 3 of centralising device 1 is 85 mm of Ф, Ф 86 .25mm, Ф 87.5 mm, Ф 88.75 respectively
Mm, Ф 90mm, Ф 91.25mm, Ф 92.5mm, Ф 93.75mm, Ф 95mm, Ф 96.25mm, Ф 97.5mm, Ф 98.75mm, Ф
100mm, Ф 101.25mm, Ф 102.5mm, Ф 103.75mm, Ф 105mm, Ф 106.25mm, Ф 108.5mm, Ф 110mm, Ф
118.75 mm of 111.25 mm, Ф 112.5 mm, Ф 113.75 mm, Ф 115 mm, Ф 116.25 mm, Ф 117.5mm, Ф,
Ф120 mm.Corresponding 28 kinds of samples.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method, its steps are successively as follows:
I carries out drawing and forming test, examination in every group using the sample that diameter is respectively tri- groups of different-diameters of 85mm, 90mm, 95mm
Number of packages amount is 4, tests out the maximum drawing force average value under every group of sample；Specimen finish
Mismachining tolerance should be not more than ± 0.05mm；
II processes the sample that 4 diameters are 120mm, the pressure-pad-force 0kN-10kN of use, equally progress drawing with same precision
Forming test during test, allows Bear-grudge body edge to occur slight and becomes, Limit Drawing power average value when test sample ruptures；
III finds out maximum drawing force average value with linear regression methodWith respective samples diameter
Regression beeline equation；
Draw specimen finish-drawing pressure curve graph；
IV finds out the abscissa of the intersection point M of two straight lines, as maximum gauge (D with graphing method from curve graph0)max；
V uses (D0)maxDivided by convex mould diameter dpAs limited drawing ratio LDR.
2. stainless steel limited drawing ratio test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In step I, the testing procedure of maximum drawing force is
A opens sheet stamping testing machine and drawing experiments control software；
It is that the ring device of 85mm is placed on lower blank holder that b, which takes the internal diameter in the present invention, and the sample that diameter is 85mm is placed
In centralising device, while mobile sample and ring device, carefully by the quoit pair in the outer circle and blank holder of ring device
Just；
C pressure-pad-force is set as 0kN, and cavity rate is set as 0.16~1.2mm/s；
D starts testing machine and carries out drawing punching press to sample, while drawing stamping press-punching press displacement curve, and Bear-grudge body drawing is completely de-
After tripping flange, stop test；
E measures the maximum stamping press in punching course from stamping press-punching press displacement curve；
F repeats the step of b-e, carries out drawing experiments to the sample that remaining 11 diameter is 85mm, 90mm, 95mm, measures most
Big stamping press；Measure maximum drawing force average value；
Limit Drawing power average value when test sample ruptures in step IISpecifically testing procedure is
The ring device that a is 120mm using internal diameter by a diameter be 120mm sample in the way of b-e in step I in thin plate
Centering is placed on punching tester；
B pressure-pad-force is set as 5kN, and cavity rate is set as 0.16~1.2mm/s；
C starts punching tester and carries out drawing punching press to sample, while drawing stamping press-punching press displacement curve, Bear-grudge body bottom circle
When angular position ruptures, stop test；
D records ultimate tensile stress when punching press rupture:
E repeats step a-d, measures three ultimate tensile stresses that its excess-three diameter is 120mm sample；Limit Drawing power is average
Value；
Maximum drawing force average value is found out with linear regression method in step IIIWith respective samples
The regression beeline equation of diameter is
For a using specimen finish as X-coordinate, maximum stamping press is Y-coordinate, is the maximum drawing of 85mm, 90mm, 95mm sample to diameter
Power average value carries out linear regression fit with least square method, the linear equation being fitted: coefficient R2。
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