CN106441589B - A kind of planet infra-red radiation emulation mode based on sliding-model control - Google Patents
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Abstract
The planet infra-red radiation emulation mode based on sliding-model control that the present invention provides a kind of comprising the steps of: (1) establish the planet rectangular coordinate system for being parallel to geocentric rectangular coordinate system as origin using the planet centre of sphere；(2) by planetary surface discretization, and the discrete face element of planetary surface is traversed, judges whether it is in field range；(3) judge whether each discrete face element is in sunshine region, according to the angle and planetary surface subsolar point temperature and shade temperature in its normal direction and direct sunlight direction, calculate the face element temperature；(4) according to black body radiation and facet source radiation model, planet amount of infrared radiation is calculated.The present invention realizes transition of the planetary surface temperature from subsolar point to shadow region under the premise of known planetary position information, and then by black body radiation model, calculates the infra-red radiation of planet.Emulation shows that the present invention can effectively complete the emulation of sensor field of view inner planet infra-red radiation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space target detection and identification, and relates to a planetary infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing.
Background
The infrared characteristic of the space background relates to the infrared radiation of space stars, planets and a ecliptic band, the infrared radiation calculation of the space background is an important basis for detecting and identifying a space target, wherein the ecliptic band is weak in influence, the stars have a relatively constant radiation spectrum due to long distance, but no very effective simulation calculation model is available for the radiation characteristic of the planets. According to the VSOP87C theory, the initial position of the planet in the solar system, namely the position information of the planet in the geocentric coordinate system and the heliocentric coordinate system can be obtained, so that the surface temperature of the planet can be calculated by means of the geometrical relationship between the sun and the planet, and further the infrared radiation of the planet can be calculated. The planets of the solar system rotate around the sun, the sun irradiates different positions of the planets at different moments, different parts of the planets are observed at different moments when the planets are observed on the earth, and the observation region and the sun irradiation region are time-varying, so that the planets are difficult to observe infrared radiation on the earth. According to the invention, the surface of the planet is discretized into a plurality of surface elements, the surface elements can be regarded as radiation sources with uniform temperature due to small area, the temperature of the surface elements can be estimated by judging the included angle between the normal line of the surface elements and the direct solar radiation direction, and the infrared radiation of the planet can be calculated by summing the radiation of all the surface elements. The infrared radiation calculation result of the solar system planet is applied to space target detection and identification.
Disclosure of Invention
The planet temperature in the field of view is one of the important parameters for the planet radiation volume simulation. Because the sun region and the shadow region exist on the surface of the planet, and the temperature from the direct sunlight point to the shadow region is transited according to a certain rule, the temperature is not considered in the traditional temperature calculation method, and the temperature of the sun region is uniformly regarded as the temperature of the direct sunlight point, so that the accuracy of calculating the surface temperature of the planet is influenced. The invention carries out discretization processing on the surface of the planet, establishes a rectangular coordinate system parallel to the center of the earth, takes the spherical center of the planet as an origin rectangular coordinate system, sequentially traverses discretization surface elements on the planet, judges whether the discretization surface elements are positioned in the field of view of the sensor, calculates the included angle between the normal direction and the direct solar radiation direction of the surface elements positioned in the sunshine area, thereby calculating the temperature of the surface elements, and adopts shadow temperature unified processing to improve the calculation accuracy of the temperature for different points in the shadow area due to weak temperature change of the points. Because the surface of the planet is discretized, each discrete unit can be regarded as a small surface element and a radiation source with uniform temperature, and the infrared radiation of the planet can be calculated by summing the radiation of all the surface elements according to the blackbody radiation model and the small surface source radiation model.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a planet infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), establishing a planetary rectangular coordinate system which takes the planetary sphere center as an origin and is parallel to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system
Under the premise of knowing the position information of each planet in the solar system under the earth center rectangular coordinate system and the sun center rectangular coordinate system, when the surface temperature of the planet in the field of view is calculated, if the earth center rectangular coordinate system is adopted, the point on the surface of the planet is difficult to be directly expressed by the coordinate, but the same problem exists when the sun center rectangular coordinate system is adopted, so that a new coordinate system needs to be established, and in order to facilitate calculation and expression, the invention establishes the planet rectangular coordinate system which is parallel to the earth center rectangular coordinate system and takes the planet sphere center as the origin. In practical application, in order to facilitate calculation, firstly, a horizontal coordinate system is converted into a coordinate system along a sight line direction according to the visual field direction of the sensor, the planet position information under the sight line direction coordinate system is obtained, whether the planet can be detected or not is judged, if the planet is located in the visual field range, the step (2) is carried out, and if not, the visual axis direction of the sensor is changed to continue traversing.
Discretizing the surface of the planet, traversing discrete surface elements and judging whether the discrete surface elements are in the observation range of the visual field
Because the planet rectangular coordinate system, the earth center rectangular coordinate system and the sun rectangular coordinate system are parallel pairwise, the earth under the planet coordinate system is in parallel with the earthThe sun position information can be obtained by simple coordinate conversion. And discretizing the points on the surface of the planet, traversing in sequence, solving the distance from each discrete surface element to the earth and the included angle between the connecting line of the discrete surface element and the earth and the visual axis direction, and judging whether each discrete surface element is in the visual field according to the field size of the sensor and the distance from the earth sight line and the planet tangent point to the earth. Assuming that P is a point on the surface of the planet, the point is represented in a spherical coordinate system for the convenience of discretization processingWherein r is the radius of the planet, theta is the included angle between any point on the planet and the Z axis,the included angle between the connecting line of the projection from any point on the planet to the XOY plane and the center of the sphere and the X axis. The process of mixing the angle theta with the angle theta,after the discretization process, the form of the spherical coordinate representation is then converted to a discrete bin P (x, y, z) in a rectangular coordinate system with the planet as the origin.
According to the parallel characteristic of the coordinate system, the coordinate P '(x', y ', z') of the discrete surface element of the planet surface in the earth center coordinate system is the coordinate of the sphere center of the planet in the earth center coordinate system plus the offset of P relative to the sphere center of the planet. Projecting P '(x', y ', z') into a coordinate system P along the line of sight direction according to the sensor boresight orientation (A, H)r(xr,yr,zr) A is the azimuth angle of the sensor, and H is the pitch angle.
Then calculate Pr(xr,yr,zr) Angle α between line of sight to earth and visual axis:
next, whether the current surface element P is in the field of view of earth observation needs to be judged, and the distance from the current surface element P to the earth observation position needs to be judged, because the earth can only observe one side facing the earth, when the sight line is tangent to the planet, the farthest distance from the observable point to the earth is obtained as follows:
wherein,is the distance from the earth to the center of the planet, and r is the planet radius.
Therefore only whenP is located in the field of view and FOV is the sensor field of view.
Step (3) judging whether the discrete surface element in the field of view is positioned in the sunshine area or not, and calculating the surface element temperature
After the position of the discrete surface element on the planet is judged, whether the discrete surface element is located in the sunshine area needs to be continuously judged, similarly, the distance between each discrete surface element and the sun is calculated, whether each discrete surface element is located in the sunshine area is judged according to the distance between the sun ray and the planet tangent point to the sun, then the included angle between the normal direction of each discrete surface element and the direct sunlight direction is calculated, and the temperature of each discrete surface element is obtained.
The planet position under the sun-center coordinate system is known, and the sun coordinate under the coordinate with the planet sphere center as the origin center can be obtained by changing the sign of the planet coordinate under the sun-center coordinate system according to the parallel characteristic of the coordinate system, wherein S is the sun position.
Obtaining the maximum distance which can be reached by the sun and the side point of the planet facing the sun:
is the distance from the sun to the center of the planet, S is the position of the sun, and r is the planet radius.
So only when the distance of the surface element P of the planet from the sunSatisfy the requirement ofThen, P is located in the sunshine area.
For the surface element P in the sunshine area, the included angle between the normal direction of the surface element P of the planet surface and the direct sunlight direction is β according to the cosine law:
the temperature t of each discrete surface element of the planet surfacepCan be calculated as follows:
wherein, tsunsubThe temperature of the direct solar planet point; t is tshadowIs the planet shadow temperature.
Step (4) calculating the planet infrared radiation
After the temperature of a certain discrete small surface element of the planet is calculated, the area of the surface element is small, the temperature can be regarded as a radiation source with uniform temperature, the spectral radiation emittance of the planet under a given wavelength can be solved by utilizing a Planck function, then the radiation brightness is calculated, the radiation illumination of the planet surface element in a field of view is calculated according to a small surface source radiation illumination model, and the infrared radiation quantity of the planet under the given wavelength can be obtained by summing the radiation of each discrete surface element.
Finally, if the start-stop wavelength value of the sensor is given, the infrared radiation quantity of the planet in the wave band can be obtained by integral summation on the whole wave band.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the rectangular coordinate system established by the invention takes the planet spherical center as the origin center and is parallel to the geocentric coordinate system, and the representation and the traversal of the surface element of the planet can be completed only by simple vector operation on the premise of knowing the position information of the planet;
(2) the discretization method adopted by the invention is used for traversing the planet surface, the temperature of each discrete surface element in the sunshine area is obtained according to the normal direction and the included angle of the direct solar direction, and the temperature is gradually transited from a direct point to a shadow area instead of adopting single direct point temperature;
(3) the planet surface is discretized into a plurality of surface elements, the surface elements can be regarded as radiation sources with uniform temperature due to small area, and the simulation of planet infrared radiation can be completed by summing the radiation of all the surface elements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for calculating the surface temperature of a planet based on discretization;
FIG. 2 is a rectangular coordinate system of planet parallel to the geocentric coordinate system established by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for determining whether a bin on a planet is within a field of view;
FIG. 4 is a facet source radiation model employed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
In the process of planet infrared radiation simulation in a field of view, the invention adopts discretization processing of the planet surface to establish a planet sphere center rectangular coordinate system parallel to a geocentric coordinate system, sequentially traverses the surface elements of the planet surface and judges whether the surface elements are positioned in the field of view, for the surface elements in the field of view, the temperature of the surface elements can be estimated by judging the included angle between the normal direction of the surface elements and the direct sunlight direction, and the planet infrared radiation can be calculated by summing the radiation of all the surface elements. The flow chart is shown in fig. 1, and specifically includes 4 steps.
1. Establishing a planet rectangular coordinate system which takes the planet spherical center as an origin and is parallel to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system
According to the VSOP87C theory, the position information of each planet of the solar system under the geocentric rectangular coordinate system and the Japanese rectangular coordinate system can be obtained. When the surface temperature of the planet in the field of view is calculated, if a geocentric rectangular coordinate system is adopted, the point on the surface of the planet is difficult to be directly expressed by coordinates, but the same problem exists when a solar-centric rectangular coordinate system is adopted, so that a new coordinate system needs to be established. In practical application, in order to facilitate calculation, firstly, a horizontal coordinate system is converted into a coordinate system along a sight line direction according to the visual field direction of the sensor, the planet position information under the sight line direction coordinate system is obtained, whether the planet can be detected or not is judged, if the planet is located in the visual field range, the step 2 is carried out, and if not, the visual axis direction of the sensor is changed to continue traversing.
2. Discretizing the surface of the planet, traversing discrete surface elements and judging whether the discrete surface elements are in the observation range of the view field
After the planet rectangular coordinate system is established, because the planet rectangular coordinate system, the earth center rectangular coordinate system and the sun rectangular coordinate system are parallel in pairs, the position information of the earth and the sun under the planet coordinate system can be simply foundAnd converting the single coordinate. As shown in fig. 2, P is a point on the surface of the planet, and for the convenience of discretization, the point is represented in the form of a spherical coordinate system:wherein r is the radius of the planet, theta is the included angle between any point on the planet and the Z axis,the included angle between the connecting line of the projection from any point on the planet to the XOY plane and the center of the sphere and the X axis. The process of mixing the angle theta with the angle theta,after the discretization process, the form of the spherical coordinate representation is then converted into rectangular coordinate form in a planetary coordinate system:
and obtaining a discrete surface element P (x, y, z) under a rectangular coordinate system with the planet as an origin. In the invention, Delta theta is 1rad, theta is epsilon to [0, pi ],
according to the parallel property of the coordinate system, the coordinate P '(x', y ', z') of the discrete bin P (x, y, z) on the surface of the planet in the geocentric coordinate system:
wherein, O (x)o,yo,zo) Is the position of the planet in the geocentric coordinate system.
Projecting P '(x', y ', z') into a coordinate system P along the line of sight direction according to the sensor boresight orientation (A, H)r(xr,yr,zr) (shown in FIG. 3), A is the azimuth angle of the sensor, and H is the pitch angle.
Then calculate Pr(xr,yr,zr) Angle α (shown in fig. 3) between the line drawn to the earth and the visual axis:
next, it is necessary to determine whether P is within the range of the earth observation field, and also to determine the distance from P to the earth observation position, since the earth can only observe the side facing the earth, when the line of sight is tangent to the planet, as shown in fig. 3, the distance from the observable point to the earth is obtained as:
wherein,is the distance from the earth to the center of the planet, and r is the planet radius.
Therefore only whenP is located in the field of view and FOV is the sensor field of view.
3. Judging whether the discrete surface element in the field of view is positioned in the sunshine area or not, and calculating the surface element temperature
After the position of the discrete surface element on the planet is judged, whether the discrete surface element is located in the sunshine area needs to be continuously judged, similarly, the distance between each discrete surface element and the sun is calculated, whether each discrete surface element is located in the sunshine area is judged according to the distance between the sun light and the planet tangent point to the sun, then the included angle β between the normal direction of each discrete surface element and the direct sunlight direction is calculated, and the temperature of each discrete surface element is obtained.
When the planet position in the centroid coordinate system is known, the sun coordinate in the centroid coordinate system is obtained by changing the sign of the planet coordinate in the centroid coordinate system according to the parallel characteristic of the coordinate system, and S in fig. 2 is the sun position.
The maximum distance that can be reached between the sun and the sun-facing side point of the planet is determined (shown in fig. 2):
the distance from the sun to the center of the planet, and r is the radius of the planet.
So only when the distance of the surface element P of the planet from the sunSatisfy the requirement ofThen, P is located in the sunshine area.
For the surface element P in the sunshine area, the included angle between the normal direction of the surface element P of the planet and the direct sunlight direction is β (shown in fig. 2) according to the cosine law:
the temperature t of each discrete surface element of the planet surfacepCan be calculated as follows:
wherein, tsunsubIs a sun straightThe temperature of the shooting planet point; t is tshadowIs the planet shadow temperature.
4. Calculating planet infrared radiation
After the temperature of a certain discrete small surface element of the planet is calculated, the surface element area is small, the temperature can be regarded as a radiation source with uniform temperature, and the spectral radiation emittance M of the star surface element under the given wavelength lambda can be solved by utilizing the Planck functionbb。
The Planck function is given by:
in the formula: h is Planck constant, h is 6.624 × 10-34J · s; c is the speed of light; λ is a given wavelength (μm); kBIs the Boltzmann constant, KB＝1.38×10-23J/K; t is the temperature of the small surface element; c. C1Is a first radiation constant, c1＝(3.7415±0.0003)×108(W·μm4/m2)；c2Is a second radiation constant, c1＝hc/k＝(1.43879±0.00019)×104(μm·K)。
Obtaining the radiation emittance M of the radiatorbbThe radiance L is then obtained according to the following equation:
then, the radiation illuminance of the planetary bin in the field of view is obtained based on the small-plane source radiation illuminance model (shown in fig. 4).
The illumination intensity of the radiation generated by the small-area source on the illuminated surface is as follows:
in FIG. 4,. DELTA.A is the illuminated area,. DELTA.AsIs the area of the facet source, Δ AsAnd the angle between the normal line of Delta A and l is thetasAnd theta.
As can be seen from step 2, since the visual axis direction is the normal direction of observation point E after the horizon is converted into the coordinate system along the visual line direction, the angle θ between the planetary surface bin P and the earth's line to the visual axis direction is α.
And the normal direction of the surface element P of the planet points to the center of the planet sphere, then thetasI.e. the angle between the PO line and the PE line.
From the cosine theorem, θ can be obtaineds：
Then obtaining the illumination E of the facet source radiation according to the formula (10) and the unit W/cm2And finally, summing the radiation of each discrete surface element to obtain the planet infrared radiation amount under the given wavelength in the field of view.
Given the start-stop wavelength value λ of the sensors、λeThe infrared radiation quantity of the planet in the wave band can be obtained by integrating and summing the whole wave band:
in the present invention,. DELTA. (. lamda.). DELTA.0.05 μm.
In a simulation, the observation time is set as the first day of 1 month to 12 months per month in 2014, and the time of mechanics is 0hThe longitude and latitude of an observer are 100 degrees E, 20 degrees N, the field angle is 1.5 degrees, and the start-stop wavelength lambda of the sensor is accurates＝8.0μm，λe10.0 μm, the temperature of the direct sun spot on the surface of the mercury is 620K, and the shadow temperature is 103K. Firstly, the whole celestial sphere needs to be traversed, a proper visual axis direction is found, and the waterstar is in the visual field range, and then the method is adoptedAccording to the simulation method, the infrared radiation amount of the mercury is calculated, the calculation result is shown in table 1, and the effectiveness of the planet infrared radiation simulation is verified.
Table 1: mercury infrared radiation simulation result
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and drawings of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A planet infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step (1), establishing a planetary rectangular coordinate system which takes the planetary sphere center as an origin and is parallel to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system
On the premise of knowing the position information of each planet in the solar system under the earth center rectangular coordinate system and the sun center rectangular coordinate system, establishing a planet rectangular coordinate system parallel to the earth center rectangular coordinate system and taking the planet sphere center as an origin for convenient calculation and representation, firstly converting the earth coordinate system into a coordinate system along the sight line direction according to the visual axis direction of a sensor to obtain the planet position information under the sight line direction coordinate system, judging whether the planet can be detected, if the planet is positioned in the field range, performing the step (2), and if not, changing the visual axis direction to continue traversing;
discretizing the surface of the planet, traversing discrete surface elements and judging whether the discrete surface elements are in the observation range of the visual field
Because the planet rectangular coordinate system, the earth center rectangular coordinate system and the sun rectangular coordinate system are parallel pairwise, the position information of the earth and the sun under the planet coordinate system can be obtained through simple coordinate conversion, the discretization processing is carried out on the planet surface, each discrete surface element is traversed in sequence, the distance from each discrete surface element to the earth and the included angle between the connecting line of the discrete surface element and the direction of the visual axis are obtained, whether each discrete surface element is in the visual field is judged according to the size of the visual field of the sensor and the distance from the earth sight line and the planet tangent point to the earth, if the discrete surface element is in the visual field, the step (3) is carried out, otherwise, each discrete surface element is traversed continuously;
step (3) judging whether the discrete surface element in the field of view is positioned in the sunshine area or not, and calculating the surface element temperature
After the positions of the discrete surface elements on the planet are judged, whether the discrete surface elements are located in the sunshine area or not needs to be continuously judged, similarly, the distance between each discrete surface element and the sun is calculated, whether the discrete surface elements are located in the sunshine area or not is judged according to the distance between the sun light and the planet tangent point to the sun, and the temperature of the surface element can be estimated by judging the included angle between the normal direction of the surface element and the direct sunlight direction;
step (4) calculating the planet infrared radiation
After the temperature of a certain discrete small surface element of the planet is calculated, the area of the surface element is small and the surface element is regarded as a radiation source with uniform temperature, the infrared radiation of the planet can be calculated by summing the radiation of all the surface elements, the spectral radiation emittance of the planet under a given wavelength can be solved according to a Planckian function, then the radiation brightness is calculated, the radiation illumination of the planet surface element in a field of view is calculated according to a small surface source radiation illumination model, and the radiation of each discrete surface element is summed to obtain the infrared radiation quantity of the planet under a given wavelength;
finally, if the start-stop wavelength value of the sensor is given, the infrared radiation quantity of the planet in the wave band can be obtained by integral summation on the whole wave band.
2. The planetary infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the method for judging whether each discrete surface element is in the field of view range according to the included angle between each discrete surface element on the surface of the planet and the earth connecting line and the visual axis direction and the distance between the earth sight and the planet tangent point to the earth is as follows:
let P denote a point on the surface of the planet, which is expressed in the form of a spherical coordinate system:wherein r is the radius of the planet, theta is the included angle between any point on the planet and the Z axis,the included angle between the connecting line of the projection from any point on the planet to the XOY plane and the center of the sphere and the X axis,after discretization, P represented in the form of spherical coordinates is then converted into a discrete bin P (x, y, z) in a planetary rectangular coordinate system;
according to the parallel characteristic of the coordinate system, the coordinates P '(x', y ', z') of the discrete bin on the surface of the planet in the earth center coordinate system are the coordinates of the center of the planet in the earth center coordinate system plus the offset of P relative to the center of the planet, and the P '(x', y ', z') is projected to the coordinate system along the sight line direction according to the sensor visual axis direction (A, H)r(xr,yr,zr) A is the azimuth angle of the sensor, and H is the pitch angle;
then calculate Pr(xr,yr,zr) Angle α between line of sight to earth and visual axis:
next, whether the current surface element P is in the field of view of earth observation needs to be judged, and the distance from the current surface element P to the earth observation position needs to be judged, because the earth can only observe one side facing the earth, when the sight line is tangent to the planet, the farthest distance from the observable point to the earth is obtained as follows:
wherein,the distance from the earth to the center of the planet ball, and r is the radius of the planet;
therefore only whenBin P is located within the field of view and FOV is the sensor field of view.
3. The planet infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the method for judging whether each discrete surface element is in the sunshine area or not according to the sun rays and the distance from the planet tangent point to the sun:
obtaining the maximum distance which can be reached by the sun and the side point of the planet facing the sun:
the distance from the sun to the center of the planet sphere, S is the position of the sun, and r is the radius of the planet;
so only when the surface element P of the planet is in contact with the sunDistance between two adjacent platesSatisfy the requirement ofThen, P is located in the sunshine area;
for the surface element P in the sunshine area, the included angle between the normal direction of the surface element P of the planet surface and the direct sunlight direction is β according to the cosine law:
4. the planetary infrared radiation simulation method based on discretization processing as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature calculation method of the planet discrete surface element in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
wherein, tsunsubThe temperature of the direct solar planet point; t is tshadowIs the planet shadow temperature.
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| CN105092048A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 天津中环创新科技有限公司 | Infrared image imager detector and infrared imaging detection method |
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| CN1773450A (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-17 | 刘荣杰 | Straight number |
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| CN101795152A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2010-08-04 | 清华大学 | SC-OFDMA-based satellite mobile communication system for forward link |
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| CN104849738A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Satellite positioning system and satellite positioning method |
| CN104849737A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Satellite positioning system and positioning method |
| CN105092048A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 天津中环创新科技有限公司 | Infrared image imager detector and infrared imaging detection method |
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