CN106441425A - Forest environmental monitoring system - Google Patents
Forest environmental monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106441425A CN106441425A CN201610783351.3A CN201610783351A CN106441425A CN 106441425 A CN106441425 A CN 106441425A CN 201610783351 A CN201610783351 A CN 201610783351A CN 106441425 A CN106441425 A CN 106441425A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forest environmental monitoring system. The monitoring system includes a microprocessor, a forest temperature sensor, a forest humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor and a soil humidity sensor; the forest temperature sensor is used for acquiring forest temperature information of a monitored forest area; the forest humidity sensor is used for acquiring the forest humidity information of the monitored forest area; the light intensity sensor is used for acquiring the light intensity information of the monitored forest area; and the soil humidity sensor is used for acquiring the soil humidity information of the monitored forest area. The forest environmental monitoring system of the invention is suitable for forest environmental monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of forestry is and in particular to a kind of forest environment monitoring system.
Background technology
During traditional forest survey, the forest site factor such as forest temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, soil moisture
Obtaining means are single, it is impossible to according to the dynamic change of environment during collection information, several gathered datas in time, this
Lead to the data precision gathering acquisition low, poor reliability.
Quantum communications are important branch of quantum information science, and its theory is based on quantum mechanics and classical communication, that is,
Quantum communications are the products that quantum mechanics and classical communication combine.Quantum channel transmission information is passed through in quantum communications, and can
Guarantee being perfectly safe of transmitted information.Technique on Quantum Communication is applied in environmental monitoring, production environment prison will be greatly improved
Survey the safety of data transfer.
Content of the invention
For solving the above problems, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of forest environment monitoring system.
The purpose of the present invention employs the following technical solutions to realize：
A kind of forest environment monitoring system, monitoring system includes microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor
Device, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature of monitored wood land
Degree information, forest humidity sensor is used for gathering the forest humidity information of monitored wood land, and light intensity sensor is used for adopting
Collect the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, soil humidity sensor is used for gathering the soil moisture of monitored wood land
Information.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：It is applied to forest environment monitoring.
Brief description
Using accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but the embodiment in accompanying drawing does not constitute any limit to the present invention
System, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to the following drawings
Other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 present configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of monitoring method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with following application scenarios, the invention will be further described.
Application scenarios 1
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of forest environment monitoring system of an embodiment of this application scene, monitoring system includes
Microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature
Sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature information of monitored wood land, and forest humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored forest district
The forest humidity information in domain, light intensity sensor is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil moisture passes
Sensor is used for gathering the soil humidity information of monitored wood land.
Preferably, monitoring system also includes power supply, and power supply is used for as microprocessor power supply.
This preferred embodiment achieves microprocessor power supply.
Preferably, described forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor
Using solar cell for supplying power.
This preferred embodiment achieves sensor power.
A kind of monitoring method of forest environment monitoring system of one embodiment of this application scene, comprises the following steps：
S1 builds the wireless sensor monitoring network for monitoring, and the quantum communications net for Monitoring Data transmission
Network；
S2 is monitored using wireless sensor monitoring network and gathers Monitoring Data, and Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network
Network transmits to pretreatment node；
S3 pretreatment node carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, pretreated monitoring
The sub- communication network transmission of data throughput is to cloud service center；
S4 cloud service center by the Monitoring Data receiving and pre-set and the setting threshold corresponding to this Monitoring Data
Value is compared, if described Monitoring Data exceeds corresponding setting threshold value, by described Monitoring Data and result of the comparison
Send to default mobile management terminal.
The above embodiment of the present invention constructs the module architectures of monitoring system and environmental monitoring flow process it is achieved that environment
Monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described wireless sensor monitoring network includes the deployment of sensor node and sensor node
Positioning, the method for the deployment of described sensor node includes：
(1) carry out network to dispose for the first time, if the monitoring radius of sensor node and communication radius are r, by monitoring section
Domain divides as emphasis monitored area and general monitored area, and emphasis monitored area is divided into square net, sensor node portion
It is deployed on square net center, the square net length of sideGeneral monitored area is divided into regular hexagonal cell, sensor
Node deployment is in regular hexagon center, the regular hexagon length of side
(2) carry out network to dispose for second, sensor network is disposed the strong functional node of a part of communication capacity, if
The communication radius of functional node be 4r, emphasis monitored area and in general monitored area respectively according to the method in (1) to work(
Can be disposed node.
This preferred embodiment is to the deployment of sensor network it is achieved that the seamless coverage of monitored area is it is ensured that comprehensive supervise
Survey, adopt square net to dispose in key area, adopt regular hexagonal cell to dispose in general detection zone, both saved biography
Sensor quantity, in turn ensure that monitoring effect；Increase functional node, extend whole sensor network life, it is to avoid sensor
Node premature depletion.
Preferably, the method for the positioning of described sensor node includes：
1) the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode receiving and reference mode are sat by unknown sensor node
Mark is sent to host computer；
2) host computer carries out pretreatment to the strength indicator value of the receipt signal receiving, including：By self-defining choosing
Take rule to choose the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region, ask for the strength indicator value of receipt signal of selection
Meansigma methodss are as the strength indicator value of final receipt signal；Described self-defining selection rule is：
When the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of the reference mode that unknown sensor node receives meets following condition, really
This strength indicator value fixed is the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region：
Wherein
In formula, RSSIiReceive the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode i ＆ lt for unknown sensor node
Value, i ∈ [1, N], TLFor the marginal value setting, TLSpan be [0.4,0.6]；
3) calculate the distance of unknown sensor node distance reference node；
4) calculate the coordinate of unknown sensor node, if the coordinate of k reference mode is respectively (x1,y1),(x2,
y2),...,(xk,yk), the distance of unknown sensor node to reference mode is respectively d1,d2,...,dk, unknown sensor node
The coordinate computing formula of X is：
X=(αTα)-1αTβ
Wherein
The method that this preferred embodiment devises the positioning of sensor node, improves the positioning precision of sensor node,
Thus relatively improve the precision of monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described quantum communication network includes setting up quantum channel, determines quantum key distribution scheme；Institute
State and set up quantum channel, comprise the following steps：
(1) set up the statement model of quantum channel, definition input quantum bit finite aggregate be I=| i1>,|i2>,…,|
iN>, output quantum bit finite aggregate be O=| o1>,|o>,…,|oN>Quantum channel C be：Will | i>∈ I sends into letter
Road, the output of channel be by density operator ρ (| i>) the quantum information source of decision completely output；
(2) quantum state, in the transmitting procedure of quantum channel, is associated with channel, and completely or partially sends out in receiving terminal
Raw change, becomes new state, associate with quantum state in channel has non-ideal equipment and noise, channel need to be carried out excellent
Change, including：
Signaling channel matrix is X, and noise is Z, then accept state JkFor：
Jk=(X+Z) Tk, (k=1,2 ..., n)
In formula, TkRepresent the state matrix under same measurement base, one transmission state of each column element representation；
Use coefficient R1、R2Represent the correlation circumstance of non-ideal equipment and noise and quantum state respectively, by wave equation
Theoretical and Thermodynamics Formulas model, and draw the concrete channel model meeting different channels situation；
The agreement based on BB84 for the described quantum key distribution scheme determines, comprises the following steps：
(1) through laser instrument, optical mixer, attenuator and phase-modulator, transmitting terminal generates single photon pulses, with quantum
Polarization state polarization angle takes 0 as the address code of information transfer, transmitting terminal polarization state angle random,Each monochromatic light
Before subpulse sends, transmitting terminal is to receiving terminal tranmitting data register signal.Transmitting terminal enters to the polarization state phase place of each single photon pulses
Row coding, transmitting terminal phase placeTake 0 and π one group of orthogonal normalizing base of composition, receiving terminal phase placeTake 0 matched, transmitting terminal phase
Position takesWithForm another group of orthogonal normalizing base, receiving terminal phase place takesMatched；
(2) receiving terminal is through phase-modulator, Polarization Controller, beam splitter, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and single photon
Detector receives light list pulse, according to clock pulse signal, measures to receiving quantum state, first passes through two groups of differences
Detector readings under base draw address code value, then release phase information, enter line phase by classical channel with transmitting terminal afterwards
And polarization base compares；
(3) receiving terminal screening metrical information, abandons the information that wrong polarization measurement base draws and wrong phase measurement base obtains
The information going out, draws initial key respectively.
(4) receiving terminal carries out umber of pulse comparison to counting to the measurement base after screening, if the survey of the correct result obtaining
Amount main pulse number is less than safe umber of pulse threshold value, then show there is eavesdropping, now, abandon this key agreement, re-start
Step (1) arrives (4), if the measurement base umber of pulse of correct result that receiving terminal obtains is more than or equal to threshold value, transmitting terminal and connecing
Receiving end carries out data harmonization by classical channel and close property is amplified, thus obtaining final key；
Wherein, safe pulse threshold value adopts following method to determine,
When no eavesdropping, receiving terminal obtains the accuracy of quantum bit
In formula, PrRepresent correct and select accurately to receive quantum probability of state, P during measurement basewWhen representing wrong choice measurement base
Accurately receive quantum probability of state；
When there is eavesdropping, secure communication thresholdingSafety door is determined according to channel situation
Limit, is less than P when receiving terminal obtains correct quantum bit probabilitiesmWhen, there is eavesdropping.
This preferred embodiment is due to the imperfection of communication equipment, and there is noise in channel, and quantum information is in transmission
During can change, by setting up actual channel so that receiving terminal differentiates that the standard of communication process whether safety is more defined
Really；Polarizing quantum state has metastable inherent character and ga s safety degree, effectively can enter in multi-user quantum communication
The differentiation of row user；Secure Threshold in channel model is analyzed, is pushed away the peace differentiating eavesdropping in actual quantum communications
Air cock limits formula.
Preferably, described wireless sensor monitoring network includes gateway, high energy leader cluster node, terminal node, described high energy
Leader cluster node is responsible for effective collection of Monitoring Data, and described gateway will collect information Store in embedded database, is needing
When wanting, Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network transmission to cloud service center；Described high energy leader cluster node is by leader cluster node, too
Sun energy cell panel, accumulator, power amplifier and multiple monitoring sensor composition, the energy of described leader cluster node is by solar-electricity
Pond plate and accumulator combine and provide.
The energy of the leader cluster node of this preferred embodiment setting is combined by solar panel and accumulator and provides, Neng Goubao
The energy of card leader cluster node provides, and saving electric consumption reduces monitoring cost.
Preferably, the described type according to Monitoring Data carries out data calibration and merges pretreatment, including：
(1) Monitoring Data of each sensor is calibrated by BP neural network, reject the data of mistake simultaneously, obtain
Obtain more accurate data；Described calibrated by BP neural network, including：
1) build BP neural network, using the monitor value of sensor as the input layer of BP neural network, with reference instrument
Measured value is as the output layer of BP neural network；
2) carry out BP neural network training, specially：Will be hidden through BP neural network from input layer for the monitor value of sensor
Being transmitted to output layer containing layer, if not obtaining desired output valve in output layer, along former path, error being returned, and according to by mistake
Difference function, using weights and the threshold value of gradient descent method correction each layer neuron, so that error is minimum, is finally reached expectation effect
Really, described error function is defined as：
In formula, wijFor the connection weight of previous output layer to hidden layer, xiFor the output valve of previous output layer, TiIt is implicit
The threshold value of layer, wmjFor the connection weight of hidden layer to a rear output layer, TmThreshold value for a rear output layer；
(2) by adaptive weight fusion estimated algorithm, the Monitoring Data of multiple sensors is merged, specially：According to each
The monitor value of sensor, finds the corresponding optimal weighted factor of each sensor in an adaptive way, is meeting total mean square error
So that the result after merging reaches optimum in the case of difference minimum.
The pretreatment node of this preferred embodiment carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, solution
The nonlinearity erron that general sensor of having determined measures, makes Monitoring Data more accurately and reliable.
In this application scenarios, set TLValue be 0.4, the precision of sensor node localization improves 8%, monitoring accuracy
Improve 10%.
Application scenarios 2
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of forest environment monitoring system of an embodiment of this application scene, monitoring system includes
Microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature
Sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature information of monitored wood land, and forest humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored forest district
The forest humidity information in domain, light intensity sensor is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil moisture passes
Sensor is used for gathering the soil humidity information of monitored wood land.
Preferably, monitoring system also includes power supply, and power supply is used for as microprocessor power supply.
This preferred embodiment achieves microprocessor power supply.
Preferably, described forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor
Using solar cell for supplying power.
This preferred embodiment achieves sensor power.
A kind of monitoring method of forest environment monitoring system of one embodiment of this application scene, comprises the following steps：
S1 builds the wireless sensor monitoring network for monitoring, and the quantum communications net for Monitoring Data transmission
Network；
S2 is monitored using wireless sensor monitoring network and gathers Monitoring Data, and Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network
Network transmits to pretreatment node；
S3 pretreatment node carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, pretreated monitoring
The sub- communication network transmission of data throughput is to cloud service center；
S4 cloud service center by the Monitoring Data receiving and pre-set and the setting threshold corresponding to this Monitoring Data
Value is compared, if described Monitoring Data exceeds corresponding setting threshold value, by described Monitoring Data and result of the comparison
Send to default mobile management terminal.
The above embodiment of the present invention constructs the module architectures of monitoring system and environmental monitoring flow process it is achieved that environment
Monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described wireless sensor monitoring network includes the deployment of sensor node and sensor node
Positioning, the method for the deployment of described sensor node includes：
(1) carry out network to dispose for the first time, if the monitoring radius of sensor node and communication radius are r, by monitoring section
Domain divides as emphasis monitored area and general monitored area, and emphasis monitored area is divided into square net, sensor node portion
It is deployed on square net center, the square net length of sideGeneral monitored area is divided into regular hexagonal cell, sensing
Device node deployment is in regular hexagon center, the regular hexagon length of side
(2) carry out network to dispose for second, sensor network is disposed the strong functional node of a part of communication capacity, if
The communication radius of functional node be 4r, emphasis monitored area and in general monitored area respectively according to the method in (1) to work(
Can be disposed node.
This preferred embodiment is to the deployment of sensor network it is achieved that the seamless coverage of monitored area is it is ensured that comprehensive supervise
Survey, adopt square net to dispose in key area, adopt regular hexagonal cell to dispose in general detection zone, both saved biography
Sensor quantity, in turn ensure that monitoring effect；Increase functional node, extend whole sensor network life, it is to avoid sensor
Node premature depletion.
Preferably, the method for the positioning of described sensor node includes：
1) the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode receiving and reference mode are sat by unknown sensor node
Mark is sent to host computer；
2) host computer carries out pretreatment to the strength indicator value of the receipt signal receiving, including：By self-defining choosing
Take rule to choose the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region, ask for the strength indicator value of receipt signal of selection
Meansigma methodss are as the strength indicator value of final receipt signal；Described self-defining selection rule is：
When the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of the reference mode that unknown sensor node receives meets following condition, really
This strength indicator value fixed is the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region：
Wherein
In formula, RSSIiReceive the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode i ＆ lt for unknown sensor node
Value, i ∈ [1, N], TLFor the marginal value setting, TLSpan be [0.4,0.6]；
3) calculate the distance of unknown sensor node distance reference node；
4) calculate the coordinate of unknown sensor node, if the coordinate of k reference mode is respectively (x1,y1),(x2,
y2),...,(xk,yk), the distance of unknown sensor node to reference mode is respectively d1,d2,...,dk, unknown sensor node
The coordinate computing formula of X is：
X=(αTα)-1αTβ
Wherein
The method that this preferred embodiment devises the positioning of sensor node, improves the positioning precision of sensor node,
Thus relatively improve the precision of monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described quantum communication network includes setting up quantum channel, determines quantum key distribution scheme；Institute
State and set up quantum channel, comprise the following steps：
(1) set up the statement model of quantum channel, definition input quantum bit finite aggregate be I=| i1>,|i2>,…,|
iN>, output quantum bit finite aggregate be O=| o1>,|o>,…,|oN>Quantum channel C be：Will | i>∈ I sends into letter
Road, the output of channel be by density operator ρ (| i>) the quantum information source of decision completely output；
(2) quantum state, in the transmitting procedure of quantum channel, is associated with channel, and completely or partially sends out in receiving terminal
Raw change, becomes new state, associate with quantum state in channel has non-ideal equipment and noise, channel need to be carried out excellent
Change, including：
Signaling channel matrix is X, and noise is Z, then accept state JkFor：
Jk=(X+Z) Tk, (k=1,2 ..., n)
In formula, TkRepresent the state matrix under same measurement base, one transmission state of each column element representation；
Use coefficient R1、R2Represent the correlation circumstance of non-ideal equipment and noise and quantum state respectively, by wave equation
Theoretical and Thermodynamics Formulas model, and draw the concrete channel model meeting different channels situation；
The agreement based on BB84 for the described quantum key distribution scheme determines, comprises the following steps：
(1) through laser instrument, optical mixer, attenuator and phase-modulator, transmitting terminal generates single photon pulses, with quantum
Polarization state polarization angle takes 0 as the address code of information transfer, transmitting terminal polarization state angle random,Each monochromatic light
Before subpulse sends, transmitting terminal is to receiving terminal tranmitting data register signal.Transmitting terminal enters to the polarization state phase place of each single photon pulses
Row coding, transmitting terminal phase placeTake 0 and π one group of orthogonal normalizing base of composition, receiving terminal phase placeTake 0 matched, transmitting terminal phase
Position takesWithForm another group of orthogonal normalizing base, receiving terminal phase place takesMatched；
(2) receiving terminal is through phase-modulator, Polarization Controller, beam splitter, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and single photon
Detector receives light list pulse, according to clock pulse signal, measures to receiving quantum state, first passes through two groups of differences
Detector readings under base draw address code value, then release phase information, enter line phase by classical channel with transmitting terminal afterwards
And polarization base compares；
(3) receiving terminal screening metrical information, abandons the information that wrong polarization measurement base draws and wrong phase measurement base obtains
The information going out, draws initial key respectively.
(4) receiving terminal carries out umber of pulse comparison to counting to the measurement base after screening, if the survey of the correct result obtaining
Amount main pulse number is less than safe umber of pulse threshold value, then show there is eavesdropping, now, abandon this key agreement, re-start
Step (1) arrives (4), if the measurement base umber of pulse of correct result that receiving terminal obtains is more than or equal to threshold value, transmitting terminal and connecing
Receiving end carries out data harmonization by classical channel and close property is amplified, thus obtaining final key；
Wherein, safe pulse threshold value adopts following method to determine,
When no eavesdropping, receiving terminal obtains the accuracy of quantum bit
In formula, PrRepresent correct and select accurately to receive quantum probability of state, P during measurement basewWhen representing wrong choice measurement base
Accurately receive quantum probability of state；
When there is eavesdropping, secure communication thresholdingSafety door is determined according to channel situation
Limit, is less than P when receiving terminal obtains correct quantum bit probabilitiesmWhen, there is eavesdropping.
This preferred embodiment is due to the imperfection of communication equipment, and there is noise in channel, and quantum information is in transmission
During can change, by setting up actual channel so that receiving terminal differentiates that the standard of communication process whether safety is more defined
Really；Polarizing quantum state has metastable inherent character and ga s safety degree, effectively can enter in multi-user quantum communication
The differentiation of row user；Secure Threshold in channel model is analyzed, is pushed away the peace differentiating eavesdropping in actual quantum communications
Air cock limits formula.
Preferably, described wireless sensor monitoring network includes gateway, high energy leader cluster node, terminal node, described high energy
Leader cluster node is responsible for effective collection of Monitoring Data, and described gateway will collect information Store in embedded database, is needing
When wanting, Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network transmission to cloud service center；Described high energy leader cluster node is by leader cluster node, too
Sun energy cell panel, accumulator, power amplifier and multiple monitoring sensor composition, the energy of described leader cluster node is by solar-electricity
Pond plate and accumulator combine and provide.
The energy of the leader cluster node of this preferred embodiment setting is combined by solar panel and accumulator and provides, Neng Goubao
The energy of card leader cluster node provides, and saving electric consumption reduces monitoring cost.
Preferably, the described type according to Monitoring Data carries out data calibration and merges pretreatment, including：
(1) Monitoring Data of each sensor is calibrated by BP neural network, reject the data of mistake simultaneously, obtain
Obtain more accurate data；Described calibrated by BP neural network, including：
1) build BP neural network, using the monitor value of sensor as the input layer of BP neural network, with reference instrument
Measured value is as the output layer of BP neural network；
2) carry out BP neural network training, specially：Will be hidden through BP neural network from input layer for the monitor value of sensor
Being transmitted to output layer containing layer, if not obtaining desired output valve in output layer, along former path, error being returned, and according to by mistake
Difference function, using weights and the threshold value of gradient descent method correction each layer neuron, so that error is minimum, is finally reached expectation effect
Really, described error function is defined as：
In formula, wijFor the connection weight of previous output layer to hidden layer, xiFor the output valve of previous output layer, TiIt is implicit
The threshold value of layer, wmjFor the connection weight of hidden layer to a rear output layer, TmThreshold value for a rear output layer；
(2) by adaptive weight fusion estimated algorithm, the Monitoring Data of multiple sensors is merged, specially：According to each
The monitor value of sensor, finds the corresponding optimal weighted factor of each sensor in an adaptive way, is meeting total mean square error
So that the result after merging reaches optimum in the case of difference minimum.
The pretreatment node of this preferred embodiment carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, solution
The nonlinearity erron that general sensor of having determined measures, makes Monitoring Data more accurately and reliable.
In this application scenarios, set TLValue be 0.45, the precision of sensor node localization improves 9%, monitoring essence
Degree improves 11%.
Application scenarios 3
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of forest environment monitoring system of an embodiment of this application scene, monitoring system includes
Microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature
Sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature information of monitored wood land, and forest humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored forest district
The forest humidity information in domain, light intensity sensor is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil moisture passes
Sensor is used for gathering the soil humidity information of monitored wood land.
Preferably, monitoring system also includes power supply, and power supply is used for as microprocessor power supply.
This preferred embodiment achieves microprocessor power supply.
Preferably, described forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor
Using solar cell for supplying power.
This preferred embodiment achieves sensor power.
A kind of monitoring method of forest environment monitoring system of one embodiment of this application scene, comprises the following steps：
S1 builds the wireless sensor monitoring network for monitoring, and the quantum communications net for Monitoring Data transmission
Network；
S2 is monitored using wireless sensor monitoring network and gathers Monitoring Data, and Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network
Network transmits to pretreatment node；
S3 pretreatment node carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, pretreated monitoring
The sub- communication network transmission of data throughput is to cloud service center；
S4 cloud service center by the Monitoring Data receiving and pre-set and the setting threshold corresponding to this Monitoring Data
Value is compared, if described Monitoring Data exceeds corresponding setting threshold value, by described Monitoring Data and result of the comparison
Send to default mobile management terminal.
The above embodiment of the present invention constructs the module architectures of monitoring system and environmental monitoring flow process it is achieved that environment
Monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described wireless sensor monitoring network includes the deployment of sensor node and sensor node
Positioning, the method for the deployment of described sensor node includes：
(1) carry out network to dispose for the first time, if the monitoring radius of sensor node and communication radius are r, by monitoring section
Domain divides as emphasis monitored area and general monitored area, and emphasis monitored area is divided into square net, sensor node portion
It is deployed on square net center, the square net length of sideGeneral monitored area is divided into regular hexagonal cell, sensing
Device node deployment is in regular hexagon center, the regular hexagon length of side
(2) carry out network to dispose for second, sensor network is disposed the strong functional node of a part of communication capacity, if
The communication radius of functional node be 4r, emphasis monitored area and in general monitored area respectively according to the method in (1) to work(
Can be disposed node.
This preferred embodiment is to the deployment of sensor network it is achieved that the seamless coverage of monitored area is it is ensured that comprehensive supervise
Survey, adopt square net to dispose in key area, adopt regular hexagonal cell to dispose in general detection zone, both saved biography
Sensor quantity, in turn ensure that monitoring effect；Increase functional node, extend whole sensor network life, it is to avoid sensor
Node premature depletion.
Preferably, the method for the positioning of described sensor node includes：
1) the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode receiving and reference mode are sat by unknown sensor node
Mark is sent to host computer；
2) host computer carries out pretreatment to the strength indicator value of the receipt signal receiving, including：By self-defining choosing
Take rule to choose the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region, ask for the strength indicator value of receipt signal of selection
Meansigma methodss are as the strength indicator value of final receipt signal；Described self-defining selection rule is：
When the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of the reference mode that unknown sensor node receives meets following condition, really
This strength indicator value fixed is the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region：
Wherein
In formula, RSSIiReceive the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode i ＆ lt for unknown sensor node
Value, i ∈ [1, N], TLFor the marginal value setting, TLSpan be [0.4,0.6]；
3) calculate the distance of unknown sensor node distance reference node；
4) calculate the coordinate of unknown sensor node, if the coordinate of k reference mode is respectively (x1,y1),(x2,
y2),...,(xk,yk), the distance of unknown sensor node to reference mode is respectively d1,d2,...,dk, unknown sensor node
The coordinate computing formula of X is：
X=(αTα)-1αTβ
Wherein
The method that this preferred embodiment devises the positioning of sensor node, improves the positioning precision of sensor node,
Thus relatively improve the precision of monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described quantum communication network includes setting up quantum channel, determines quantum key distribution scheme；Institute
State and set up quantum channel, comprise the following steps：
(1) set up the statement model of quantum channel, definition input quantum bit finite aggregate be I=| i1>,|i2>,…,|
iN>, output quantum bit finite aggregate be O=| o1>,|o>,…,|oN>Quantum channel C be：Will | i>∈ I sends into letter
Road, the output of channel be by density operator ρ (| i>) the quantum information source of decision completely output；
(2) quantum state, in the transmitting procedure of quantum channel, is associated with channel, and completely or partially sends out in receiving terminal
Raw change, becomes new state, associate with quantum state in channel has non-ideal equipment and noise, channel need to be carried out excellent
Change, including：
Signaling channel matrix is X, and noise is Z, then accept state JkFor：
Jk=(X+Z) Tk, (k=1,2 ..., n)
In formula, TkRepresent the state matrix under same measurement base, one transmission state of each column element representation；
Use coefficient R1、R2Represent the correlation circumstance of non-ideal equipment and noise and quantum state respectively, by wave equation
Theoretical and Thermodynamics Formulas model, and draw the concrete channel model meeting different channels situation；
The agreement based on BB84 for the described quantum key distribution scheme determines, comprises the following steps：
(1) through laser instrument, optical mixer, attenuator and phase-modulator, transmitting terminal generates single photon pulses, with quantum
Polarization state polarization angle takes 0 as the address code of information transfer, transmitting terminal polarization state angle random,Each monochromatic light
Before subpulse sends, transmitting terminal is to receiving terminal tranmitting data register signal.Transmitting terminal enters to the polarization state phase place of each single photon pulses
Row coding, transmitting terminal phase placeTake 0 and π one group of orthogonal normalizing base of composition, receiving terminal phase placeTake 0 matched, transmitting terminal phase
Position takesWithForm another group of orthogonal normalizing base, receiving terminal phase place takesMatched；
(2) receiving terminal is through phase-modulator, Polarization Controller, beam splitter, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and single photon
Detector receives light list pulse, according to clock pulse signal, measures to receiving quantum state, first passes through two groups of differences
Detector readings under base draw address code value, then release phase information, enter line phase by classical channel with transmitting terminal afterwards
And polarization base compares；
(3) receiving terminal screening metrical information, abandons the information that wrong polarization measurement base draws and wrong phase measurement base obtains
The information going out, draws initial key respectively.
(4) receiving terminal carries out umber of pulse comparison to counting to the measurement base after screening, if the survey of the correct result obtaining
Amount main pulse number is less than safe umber of pulse threshold value, then show there is eavesdropping, now, abandon this key agreement, re-start
Step (1) arrives (4), if the measurement base umber of pulse of correct result that receiving terminal obtains is more than or equal to threshold value, transmitting terminal and connecing
Receiving end carries out data harmonization by classical channel and close property is amplified, thus obtaining final key；
Wherein, safe pulse threshold value adopts following method to determine,
When no eavesdropping, receiving terminal obtains the accuracy of quantum bit
In formula, PrRepresent correct and select accurately to receive quantum probability of state, P during measurement basewWhen representing wrong choice measurement base
Accurately receive quantum probability of state；
When there is eavesdropping, secure communication thresholdingSafety door is determined according to channel situation
Limit, is less than P when receiving terminal obtains correct quantum bit probabilitiesmWhen, there is eavesdropping.
This preferred embodiment is due to the imperfection of communication equipment, and there is noise in channel, and quantum information is in transmission
During can change, by setting up actual channel so that receiving terminal differentiates that the standard of communication process whether safety is more defined
Really；Polarizing quantum state has metastable inherent character and ga s safety degree, effectively can enter in multi-user quantum communication
The differentiation of row user；Secure Threshold in channel model is analyzed, is pushed away the peace differentiating eavesdropping in actual quantum communications
Air cock limits formula.
Preferably, described wireless sensor monitoring network includes gateway, high energy leader cluster node, terminal node, described high energy
Leader cluster node is responsible for effective collection of Monitoring Data, and described gateway will collect information Store in embedded database, is needing
When wanting, Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network transmission to cloud service center；Described high energy leader cluster node is by leader cluster node, too
Sun energy cell panel, accumulator, power amplifier and multiple monitoring sensor composition, the energy of described leader cluster node is by solar-electricity
Pond plate and accumulator combine and provide.
The energy of the leader cluster node of this preferred embodiment setting is combined by solar panel and accumulator and provides, Neng Goubao
The energy of card leader cluster node provides, and saving electric consumption reduces monitoring cost.
Preferably, the described type according to Monitoring Data carries out data calibration and merges pretreatment, including：
(1) Monitoring Data of each sensor is calibrated by BP neural network, reject the data of mistake simultaneously, obtain
Obtain more accurate data；Described calibrated by BP neural network, including：
1) build BP neural network, using the monitor value of sensor as the input layer of BP neural network, with reference instrument
Measured value is as the output layer of BP neural network；
2) carry out BP neural network training, specially：Will be hidden through BP neural network from input layer for the monitor value of sensor
Being transmitted to output layer containing layer, if not obtaining desired output valve in output layer, along former path, error being returned, and according to by mistake
Difference function, using weights and the threshold value of gradient descent method correction each layer neuron, so that error is minimum, is finally reached expectation effect
Really, described error function is defined as：
In formula, wijFor the connection weight of previous output layer to hidden layer, xiFor the output valve of previous output layer, TiIt is implicit
The threshold value of layer, wmjFor the connection weight of hidden layer to a rear output layer, TmThreshold value for a rear output layer；
(2) by adaptive weight fusion estimated algorithm, the Monitoring Data of multiple sensors is merged, specially：According to each
The monitor value of sensor, finds the corresponding optimal weighted factor of each sensor in an adaptive way, is meeting total mean square error
So that the result after merging reaches optimum in the case of difference minimum.
The pretreatment node of this preferred embodiment carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, solution
The nonlinearity erron that general sensor of having determined measures, makes Monitoring Data more accurately and reliable.
In this application scenarios, set TLValue be 0.5, the precision of sensor node localization improves 10%, monitoring essence
Degree improves 12%.
Application scenarios 4
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of forest environment monitoring system of an embodiment of this application scene, monitoring system includes
Microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature
Sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature information of monitored wood land, and forest humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored forest district
The forest humidity information in domain, light intensity sensor is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil moisture passes
Sensor is used for gathering the soil humidity information of monitored wood land.
Preferably, monitoring system also includes power supply, and power supply is used for as microprocessor power supply.
This preferred embodiment achieves microprocessor power supply.
Preferably, described forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor
Using solar cell for supplying power.
This preferred embodiment achieves sensor power.
A kind of monitoring method of forest environment monitoring system of one embodiment of this application scene, comprises the following steps：
S1 builds the wireless sensor monitoring network for monitoring, and the quantum communications net for Monitoring Data transmission
Network；
S2 is monitored using wireless sensor monitoring network and gathers Monitoring Data, and Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network
Network transmits to pretreatment node；
S3 pretreatment node carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, pretreated monitoring
The sub- communication network transmission of data throughput is to cloud service center；
S4 cloud service center by the Monitoring Data receiving and pre-set and the setting threshold corresponding to this Monitoring Data
Value is compared, if described Monitoring Data exceeds corresponding setting threshold value, by described Monitoring Data and result of the comparison
Send to default mobile management terminal.
The above embodiment of the present invention constructs the module architectures of monitoring system and environmental monitoring flow process it is achieved that environment
Monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described wireless sensor monitoring network includes the deployment of sensor node and sensor node
Positioning, the method for the deployment of described sensor node includes：
(1) carry out network to dispose for the first time, if the monitoring radius of sensor node and communication radius are r, by monitoring section
Domain divides as emphasis monitored area and general monitored area, and emphasis monitored area is divided into square net, sensor node portion
It is deployed on square net center, the square net length of sideGeneral monitored area is divided into regular hexagonal cell, sensing
Device node deployment is in regular hexagon center, the regular hexagon length of side
(2) carry out network to dispose for second, sensor network is disposed the strong functional node of a part of communication capacity, if
The communication radius of functional node be 4r, emphasis monitored area and in general monitored area respectively according to the method in (1) to work(
Can be disposed node.
This preferred embodiment is to the deployment of sensor network it is achieved that the seamless coverage of monitored area is it is ensured that comprehensive supervise
Survey, adopt square net to dispose in key area, adopt regular hexagonal cell to dispose in general detection zone, both saved biography
Sensor quantity, in turn ensure that monitoring effect；Increase functional node, extend whole sensor network life, it is to avoid sensor
Node premature depletion.
Preferably, the method for the positioning of described sensor node includes：
1) the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode receiving and reference mode are sat by unknown sensor node
Mark is sent to host computer；
2) host computer carries out pretreatment to the strength indicator value of the receipt signal receiving, including：By self-defining choosing
Take rule to choose the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region, ask for the strength indicator value of receipt signal of selection
Meansigma methodss are as the strength indicator value of final receipt signal；Described self-defining selection rule is：
When the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of the reference mode that unknown sensor node receives meets following condition, really
This strength indicator value fixed is the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region：
Wherein
In formula, RSSIiReceive the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode i ＆ lt for unknown sensor node
Value, i ∈ [1, N], TLFor the marginal value setting, TLSpan be [0.4,0.6]；
3) calculate the distance of unknown sensor node distance reference node；
4) calculate the coordinate of unknown sensor node, if the coordinate of k reference mode is respectively (x1,y1),(x2,
y2),...,(xk,yk), the distance of unknown sensor node to reference mode is respectively d1,d2,...,dk, unknown sensor node
The coordinate computing formula of X is：
X=(αTα)-1αTβ
Wherein
The method that this preferred embodiment devises the positioning of sensor node, improves the positioning precision of sensor node,
Thus relatively improve the precision of monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described quantum communication network includes setting up quantum channel, determines quantum key distribution scheme；Institute
State and set up quantum channel, comprise the following steps：
(1) set up the statement model of quantum channel, definition input quantum bit finite aggregate be I=| i1>,|i2>,…,|
iN>, output quantum bit finite aggregate be O=| o1>,|o>,…,|oN>Quantum channel C be：Will | i>∈ I sends into letter
Road, the output of channel be by density operator ρ (| i>) the quantum information source of decision completely output；
(2) quantum state, in the transmitting procedure of quantum channel, is associated with channel, and completely or partially sends out in receiving terminal
Raw change, becomes new state, associate with quantum state in channel has non-ideal equipment and noise, channel need to be carried out excellent
Change, including：
Signaling channel matrix is X, and noise is Z, then accept state JkFor：
Jk=(X+Z) Tk, (k=1,2 ..., n)
In formula, TkRepresent the state matrix under same measurement base, one transmission state of each column element representation；
Use coefficient R1、R2Represent the correlation circumstance of non-ideal equipment and noise and quantum state respectively, by wave equation
Theoretical and Thermodynamics Formulas model, and draw the concrete channel model meeting different channels situation；
The agreement based on BB84 for the described quantum key distribution scheme determines, comprises the following steps：
(1) through laser instrument, optical mixer, attenuator and phase-modulator, transmitting terminal generates single photon pulses, with quantum
Polarization state polarization angle takes 0 as the address code of information transfer, transmitting terminal polarization state angle random,Each monochromatic light
Before subpulse sends, transmitting terminal is to receiving terminal tranmitting data register signal.Transmitting terminal enters to the polarization state phase place of each single photon pulses
Row coding, transmitting terminal phase placeTake 0 and π one group of orthogonal normalizing base of composition, receiving terminal phase placeTake 0 matched, transmitting terminal phase
Position takesWithForm another group of orthogonal normalizing base, receiving terminal phase place takesMatched；
(2) receiving terminal is through phase-modulator, Polarization Controller, beam splitter, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and single photon
Detector receives light list pulse, according to clock pulse signal, measures to receiving quantum state, first passes through two groups of differences
Detector readings under base draw address code value, then release phase information, enter line phase by classical channel with transmitting terminal afterwards
And polarization base compares；
(3) receiving terminal screening metrical information, abandons the information that wrong polarization measurement base draws and wrong phase measurement base obtains
The information going out, draws initial key respectively.
(4) receiving terminal carries out umber of pulse comparison to counting to the measurement base after screening, if the survey of the correct result obtaining
Amount main pulse number is less than safe umber of pulse threshold value, then show there is eavesdropping, now, abandon this key agreement, re-start
Step (1) arrives (4), if the measurement base umber of pulse of correct result that receiving terminal obtains is more than or equal to threshold value, transmitting terminal and connecing
Receiving end carries out data harmonization by classical channel and close property is amplified, thus obtaining final key；
Wherein, safe pulse threshold value adopts following method to determine,
When no eavesdropping, receiving terminal obtains the accuracy of quantum bit
In formula, PrRepresent correct and select accurately to receive quantum probability of state, P during measurement basewWhen representing wrong choice measurement base
Accurately receive quantum probability of state；
When there is eavesdropping, secure communication thresholdingSafety door is determined according to channel situation
Limit, is less than P when receiving terminal obtains correct quantum bit probabilitiesmWhen, there is eavesdropping.
This preferred embodiment is due to the imperfection of communication equipment, and there is noise in channel, and quantum information is in transmission
During can change, by setting up actual channel so that receiving terminal differentiates that the standard of communication process whether safety is more defined
Really；Polarizing quantum state has metastable inherent character and ga s safety degree, effectively can enter in multi-user quantum communication
The differentiation of row user；Secure Threshold in channel model is analyzed, is pushed away the peace differentiating eavesdropping in actual quantum communications
Air cock limits formula.
Preferably, described wireless sensor monitoring network includes gateway, high energy leader cluster node, terminal node, described high energy
Leader cluster node is responsible for effective collection of Monitoring Data, and described gateway will collect information Store in embedded database, is needing
When wanting, Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network transmission to cloud service center；Described high energy leader cluster node is by leader cluster node, too
Sun energy cell panel, accumulator, power amplifier and multiple monitoring sensor composition, the energy of described leader cluster node is by solar-electricity
Pond plate and accumulator combine and provide.
The energy of the leader cluster node of this preferred embodiment setting is combined by solar panel and accumulator and provides, Neng Goubao
The energy of card leader cluster node provides, and saving electric consumption reduces monitoring cost.
Preferably, the described type according to Monitoring Data carries out data calibration and merges pretreatment, including：
(1) Monitoring Data of each sensor is calibrated by BP neural network, reject the data of mistake simultaneously, obtain
Obtain more accurate data；Described calibrated by BP neural network, including：
1) build BP neural network, using the monitor value of sensor as the input layer of BP neural network, with reference instrument
Measured value is as the output layer of BP neural network；
2) carry out BP neural network training, specially：Will be hidden through BP neural network from input layer for the monitor value of sensor
Being transmitted to output layer containing layer, if not obtaining desired output valve in output layer, along former path, error being returned, and according to by mistake
Difference function, using weights and the threshold value of gradient descent method correction each layer neuron, so that error is minimum, is finally reached expectation effect
Really, described error function is defined as：
In formula, wijFor the connection weight of previous output layer to hidden layer, xiFor the output valve of previous output layer, TiIt is implicit
The threshold value of layer, wmjFor the connection weight of hidden layer to a rear output layer, TmThreshold value for a rear output layer；
(2) by adaptive weight fusion estimated algorithm, the Monitoring Data of multiple sensors is merged, specially：According to each
The monitor value of sensor, finds the corresponding optimal weighted factor of each sensor in an adaptive way, is meeting total mean square error
So that the result after merging reaches optimum in the case of difference minimum.
The pretreatment node of this preferred embodiment carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, solution
The nonlinearity erron that general sensor of having determined measures, makes Monitoring Data more accurately and reliable.
In this application scenarios, set TLValue be 0.55, the precision of sensor node localization improves 8.5%, monitoring
Precision improves 8%.
Application scenarios 5
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of forest environment monitoring system of an embodiment of this application scene, monitoring system includes
Microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature
Sensor is used for gathering the forest temperature information of monitored wood land, and forest humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored forest district
The forest humidity information in domain, light intensity sensor is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil moisture passes
Sensor is used for gathering the soil humidity information of monitored wood land.
Preferably, monitoring system also includes power supply, and power supply is used for as microprocessor power supply.
This preferred embodiment achieves microprocessor power supply.
Preferably, described forest temperature sensor, forest humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor
Using solar cell for supplying power.
This preferred embodiment achieves sensor power.
A kind of monitoring method of forest environment monitoring system of one embodiment of this application scene, comprises the following steps：
S1 builds the wireless sensor monitoring network for monitoring, and the quantum communications net for Monitoring Data transmission
Network；
S2 is monitored using wireless sensor monitoring network and gathers Monitoring Data, and Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network
Network transmits to pretreatment node；
S3 pretreatment node carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, pretreated monitoring
The sub- communication network transmission of data throughput is to cloud service center；
S4 cloud service center by the Monitoring Data receiving and pre-set and the setting threshold corresponding to this Monitoring Data
Value is compared, if described Monitoring Data exceeds corresponding setting threshold value, by described Monitoring Data and result of the comparison
Send to default mobile management terminal.
The above embodiment of the present invention constructs the module architectures of monitoring system and environmental monitoring flow process it is achieved that environment
Monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described wireless sensor monitoring network includes the deployment of sensor node and sensor node
Positioning, the method for the deployment of described sensor node includes：
(1) carry out network to dispose for the first time, if the monitoring radius of sensor node and communication radius are r, by monitoring section
Domain divides as emphasis monitored area and general monitored area, and emphasis monitored area is divided into square net, sensor node portion
It is deployed on square net center, the square net length of sideGeneral monitored area is divided into regular hexagonal cell, sensing
Device node deployment is in regular hexagon center, the regular hexagon length of side
(2) carry out network to dispose for second, sensor network is disposed the strong functional node of a part of communication capacity, if
The communication radius of functional node be 4r, emphasis monitored area and in general monitored area respectively according to the method in (1) to work(
Can be disposed node.
This preferred embodiment is to the deployment of sensor network it is achieved that the seamless coverage of monitored area is it is ensured that comprehensive supervise
Survey, adopt square net to dispose in key area, adopt regular hexagonal cell to dispose in general detection zone, both saved biography
Sensor quantity, in turn ensure that monitoring effect；Increase functional node, extend whole sensor network life, it is to avoid sensor
Node premature depletion.
Preferably, the method for the positioning of described sensor node includes：
1) the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode receiving and reference mode are sat by unknown sensor node
Mark is sent to host computer；
2) host computer carries out pretreatment to the strength indicator value of the receipt signal receiving, including：By self-defining choosing
Take rule to choose the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region, ask for the strength indicator value of receipt signal of selection
Meansigma methodss are as the strength indicator value of final receipt signal；Described self-defining selection rule is：
When the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of the reference mode that unknown sensor node receives meets following condition, really
This strength indicator value fixed is the strength indicator value of the receipt signal of high probability generating region：
Wherein
In formula, RSSIiReceive the intensity instruction of the receipt signal of each reference mode i ＆ lt for unknown sensor node
Value, i ∈ [1, N], TLFor the marginal value setting, TLSpan be [0.4,0.6]；
3) calculate the distance of unknown sensor node distance reference node；
4) calculate the coordinate of unknown sensor node, if the coordinate of k reference mode is respectively (x1,y1),(x2,
y2),...,(xk,yk), the distance of unknown sensor node to reference mode is respectively d1,d2,...,dk, unknown sensor node
The coordinate computing formula of X is：
X=(αTα)-1αTβ
Wherein
The method that this preferred embodiment devises the positioning of sensor node, improves the positioning precision of sensor node,
Thus relatively improve the precision of monitoring.
Preferably, the structure of described quantum communication network includes setting up quantum channel, determines quantum key distribution scheme；Institute
State and set up quantum channel, comprise the following steps：
(1) set up the statement model of quantum channel, definition input quantum bit finite aggregate be I=| i1>,|i2>,…,|
iN>, output quantum bit finite aggregate be O=| o1>,|o>,…,|oN>Quantum channel C be：Will | i>∈ I sends into letter
Road, the output of channel be by density operator ρ (| i>) the quantum information source of decision completely output；
(2) quantum state, in the transmitting procedure of quantum channel, is associated with channel, and completely or partially sends out in receiving terminal
Raw change, becomes new state, associate with quantum state in channel has non-ideal equipment and noise, channel need to be carried out excellent
Change, including：
Signaling channel matrix is X, and noise is Z, then accept state JkFor：
Jk=(X+Z) Tk, (k=1,2 ..., n)
In formula, TkRepresent the state matrix under same measurement base, one transmission state of each column element representation；
Use coefficient R1、R2Represent the correlation circumstance of non-ideal equipment and noise and quantum state respectively, by wave equation
Theoretical and Thermodynamics Formulas model, and draw the concrete channel model meeting different channels situation；
The agreement based on BB84 for the described quantum key distribution scheme determines, comprises the following steps：
(1) through laser instrument, optical mixer, attenuator and phase-modulator, transmitting terminal generates single photon pulses, with quantum
Polarization state polarization angle takes 0 as the address code of information transfer, transmitting terminal polarization state angle random,Each monochromatic light
Before subpulse sends, transmitting terminal is to receiving terminal tranmitting data register signal.Transmitting terminal enters to the polarization state phase place of each single photon pulses
Row coding, transmitting terminal phase placeTake 0 and π one group of orthogonal normalizing base of composition, receiving terminal phase placeTake 0 matched, transmitting terminal phase
Position takesWithForm another group of orthogonal normalizing base, receiving terminal phase place takesMatched；
(2) receiving terminal is through phase-modulator, Polarization Controller, beam splitter, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus and single photon
Detector receives light list pulse, according to clock pulse signal, measures to receiving quantum state, first passes through two groups of differences
Detector readings under base draw address code value, then release phase information, enter line phase by classical channel with transmitting terminal afterwards
And polarization base compares；
(3) receiving terminal screening metrical information, abandons the information that wrong polarization measurement base draws and wrong phase measurement base obtains
The information going out, draws initial key respectively.
(4) receiving terminal carries out umber of pulse comparison to counting to the measurement base after screening, if the survey of the correct result obtaining
Amount main pulse number is less than safe umber of pulse threshold value, then show there is eavesdropping, now, abandon this key agreement, re-start
Step (1) arrives (4), if the measurement base umber of pulse of correct result that receiving terminal obtains is more than or equal to threshold value, transmitting terminal and connecing
Receiving end carries out data harmonization by classical channel and close property is amplified, thus obtaining final key；
Wherein, safe pulse threshold value adopts following method to determine,
When no eavesdropping, receiving terminal obtains the accuracy of quantum bit
In formula, PrRepresent correct and select accurately to receive quantum probability of state, P during measurement basewWhen representing wrong choice measurement base
Accurately receive quantum probability of state；
When there is eavesdropping, secure communication thresholdingSafety door is determined according to channel situation
Limit, is less than P when receiving terminal obtains correct quantum bit probabilitiesmWhen, there is eavesdropping.
This preferred embodiment is due to the imperfection of communication equipment, and there is noise in channel, and quantum information is in transmission
During can change, by setting up actual channel so that receiving terminal differentiates that the standard of communication process whether safety is more defined
Really；Polarizing quantum state has metastable inherent character and ga s safety degree, effectively can enter in multi-user quantum communication
The differentiation of row user；Secure Threshold in channel model is analyzed, is pushed away the peace differentiating eavesdropping in actual quantum communications
Air cock limits formula.
Preferably, described wireless sensor monitoring network includes gateway, high energy leader cluster node, terminal node, described high energy
Leader cluster node is responsible for effective collection of Monitoring Data, and described gateway will collect information Store in embedded database, is needing
When wanting, Monitoring Data is passed through quantum communication network transmission to cloud service center；Described high energy leader cluster node is by leader cluster node, too
Sun energy cell panel, accumulator, power amplifier and multiple monitoring sensor composition, the energy of described leader cluster node is by solar-electricity
Pond plate and accumulator combine and provide.
The energy of the leader cluster node of this preferred embodiment setting is combined by solar panel and accumulator and provides, Neng Goubao
The energy of card leader cluster node provides, and saving electric consumption reduces monitoring cost.
Preferably, the described type according to Monitoring Data carries out data calibration and merges pretreatment, including：
(1) Monitoring Data of each sensor is calibrated by BP neural network, reject the data of mistake simultaneously, obtain
Obtain more accurate data；Described calibrated by BP neural network, including：
1) build BP neural network, using the monitor value of sensor as the input layer of BP neural network, with reference instrument
Measured value is as the output layer of BP neural network；
2) carry out BP neural network training, specially：Will be hidden through BP neural network from input layer for the monitor value of sensor
Being transmitted to output layer containing layer, if not obtaining desired output valve in output layer, along former path, error being returned, and according to by mistake
Difference function, using weights and the threshold value of gradient descent method correction each layer neuron, so that error is minimum, is finally reached expectation effect
Really, described error function is defined as：
In formula, wijFor the connection weight of previous output layer to hidden layer, xiFor the output valve of previous output layer, TiIt is implicit
The threshold value of layer, wmjFor the connection weight of hidden layer to a rear output layer, TmThreshold value for a rear output layer；
(2) by adaptive weight fusion estimated algorithm, the Monitoring Data of multiple sensors is merged, specially：According to each
The monitor value of sensor, finds the corresponding optimal weighted factor of each sensor in an adaptive way, is meeting total mean square error
So that the result after merging reaches optimum in the case of difference minimum.
The pretreatment node of this preferred embodiment carries out data calibration according to the type of Monitoring Data and merges pretreatment, solution
The nonlinearity erron that general sensor of having determined measures, makes Monitoring Data more accurately and reliable.
In this application scenarios, set TLValue be 0.6, the precision of sensor node localization improves 9.5%, monitoring essence
Degree improves 10.5%.
Finally it should be noted that above example is only in order to illustrating technical scheme, rather than the present invention is protected
The restriction of shield scope, although having made to explain to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should
Work as understanding, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from the reality of technical solution of the present invention
Matter and scope.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of forest environment monitoring system, is characterized in that, monitoring system includes microprocessor, forest temperature sensor, forest
Humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor, forest temperature sensor is used for gathering monitored wood land
Forest temperature information, forest humidity sensor is used for gathering the forest humidity information of monitored wood land, and light intensity senses
Device is used for gathering the illumination intensity information of monitored wood land, and soil humidity sensor is used for gathering monitored wood land
Soil humidity information.
2. a kind of forest environment monitoring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, monitoring system also includes power supply, electricity
Source is used for as microprocessor power supply.
3. a kind of forest environment monitoring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described forest temperature sensor, gloomy
Woods humidity sensor, light intensity sensor and soil humidity sensor adopt solar cell for supplying power.
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| CN110375806A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 国家林业和草原局华东调查规划设计院 | A kind of forest ecological environment monitoring system based on intelligent network |
| CN113207103A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 深圳世源工程技术有限公司 | Soil erosion monitoring method and system |
| CN113847954A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-28 | 浙江农林大学 | Forest ecological environment monitoring method |
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