CN106440131A - Method for saving embedded pipes of ground source heat pump system - Google Patents
Method for saving embedded pipes of ground source heat pump system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106440131A CN106440131A CN201610844984.0A CN201610844984A CN106440131A CN 106440131 A CN106440131 A CN 106440131A CN 201610844984 A CN201610844984 A CN 201610844984A CN 106440131 A CN106440131 A CN 106440131A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- energy
- heat exchange
- heat pump
- ground
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0057—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground receiving heat-exchange fluid from a closed circuit in the ground
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for saving embedded pipes of a ground source heat pump system. The ground source heat pump system gains ground surface heat energy through underground heat exchange equipment, and uses the ground surface heat energy to heat and refrigerate a building in winter and summer. The improvement of the method is that the ground source heat pump system gains energy from the ground surface and exchanges heat with stored energy of overground water storage equipment simultaneously. Stored water of the overground water storage equipment exchanges heat with a ground source through the underground heat exchange equipment at night or in vacant time, and stored energy is standby for use in the next day, so that the underground heat exchange equipment exchanges the heat with the ground surface at daytime and also works in vacant time at night, and the function of energy exchange between the underground heat exchange equipment and the ground surface is fully exerted. Thus heat exchange areas of the embedded pipes and various underground heat exchange equipment and the required investment are reduced substantially. Through the improvement of the method, the ground source heat pump system additionally has a lot of advantages: for instance, an outdoor area occupied by the underground heat exchange equipment is reduced, and a lot of urban buildings, which do not have conditions for using ground source heat pump air-conditioning systems previously, can use the ground source heat pump air-conditioning systems now; the heat (cold) supply ability of the in-service heat pump system is improved substantially; through reasonable improvement on a technology, the underground heat exchange equipment is cleaned automatically, and the ground source heat pump system is kept in good running condition for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geothermal heat pump air-conditioner technical field.Earth-source hot-pump system by underground heat exchange equipment and ground surface
Heat exchange is changed to while the also accumulation of energy heat exchange with ground water storage device.Ground installations water-retention was changed with ground source again at night or free time
Heat, so as to realize the investment that underground pipe and various underground heat exchange equipment is greatly decreased, reduces and accounts for needed for underground heat exchange equipment arrangement
Exterior area, expand promote this renewable energy utilization technology of earth source heat pump can range of application.
Background technology
Ground source heat pump technology is realized from low grade heat energy to Gao Pin by being input into a small amount of electric energy using the land shallow-layer energy
Position heat energy transfer.The electricity of 1kWh is consumed, user can obtain the heat of more than 4kWh or cold.
Ice-reserving, the energy accumulating technique of water-retention are to utilize time-of-use tariffs, in night electricity consumption paddy, are stored with heat pump refrigerating (heat)
Get up, use at peak on daytime, reduce operating cost further.
Earth source heat pump and water-retention, ice-reserving technology are all the energy-conserving and environment-protective projects that state key is promoted, but the two is all subject to
The restriction of use condition.Building constructions as one 20000 generally require 100 meters of deep buried pipe wells using earth source heat pump
200 mouthfuls.Well-digging somewhat expensive, account for gross investment more than half.Various places distance of embedded pipe 4-5 rice, needs larger area arrangement room
Outer pipe laying space, the urban architecture for soil anxiety is often arranged not open.The high and well-digging area of well-digging investment does not allow to be heat
The bottleneck of pump Technique Popularizing, hinders the popularization of the green clean energy technology that the state key is promoted.
The hot short circuit phenomenon of water cold storage and ice storage technology can reduce energy storage efficiency, to cool-storage time and storage tank minimum volume
Economy all require.Water storage device needs accumulation of energy could be also reduced efficiency for air conditioning system using heat exchanger.Mountain
East building university Master's thesis《The research of earth source heat pump and water accumulation of energy hybrid system》All kinds of periodicals and magazines data conclusions are carried out
Collect for examining reference.As page 8 points out that accumulation of energy amount is just economical using water accumulation of energy more than 760 more than 7000kWh or volume
Rationally.
Content of the invention
Ground-source Heat Pump heat（Cold）Amount is obtained with earth's surface heat exchange with underground heat exchange equipment with recirculated water.This patent
It is to be changed to a part to take from the cistern for building ground in, a part is still common with the water intaking heat energy of earth's surface heat exchange by underground pipe
Inhale with earth source heat pump air-conditioning on daytime is completed（Put）The needs of heat.In the little or deactivation of night air conditioner load, newly-increased by one
Heat exchange water pump underground pipe and surface layer sent in ground water-retention inhale（Put）Heat, gets out second day system and uses.Thus send out
The effect at underground pipe night is shot, is reduced the usage amount of underground pipe, significantly reduce investment.Bigger advantage is to reduce underground pipe
Floor space, expand ground source heat pump technology can promoted extension, and the expansion promotion conference of this technology to administer haze play work
With.
The patent and common water cold storage and ice storage technology are a difference in that accumulation of energy for earth-source hot-pump system
Diverse location.Common technique is that accumulation of energy is directly used in air-conditioning equipment end, all part replacement or the output energy of heat pump.And be somebody's turn to do
Patent is that the energized part of heat transmission equipment is instead buried in the input part by accumulation of energy for heat pump.The cold-storage and thermal storage of routine techniquess
There is the economic requirement of minimum to its volume.During water accumulation of energy, the thermal convection current of cold and hot water stratification is present, and heat exchange discharge is big and stores
After energy, time length and tank body insulation are bad, can all cause the temperature difference heat short circuit of top and the bottom to form thermal convection current failure, will during design
Several times of increase tank body capacity, will make deflection plate and water distributor inside energy storage tank.As the pressure for bearing building body height is needed
Will, store water cannot be directly used to air-conditioning equipment need to be using heat exchanger it is necessary to bring the waste of the temperature difference.And the drop of cryogenic temperature
Raising that is low or heating temperature all can cause the reduction of heat pump refrigerating heating efficiency by a relatively large margin.Ice cold-storage is using the method for ice hockey
Using the big volume for having saved heat-accumulator tank of phase transformation thermal capacitance, but in addition to the problems referred to above are also present, refrigeration is needed to arrive less than -4 DEG C, heat
The efficiency of pump can also decline to a great extent.Accumulation of energy emphasis in this patent method is energy accumulation and temperature index is required relatively not
High.5-30 DEG C of hydro-thermal source is all heat pump rationally and compares efficient working range, it is allowed to using the big increase at double of temperature span
Container energy storage capability.This method is in heat pump running at full capacity, and accumulation of energy water is made with underground pipe shared thermic load, accumulation of energy
With.Accumulation of energy water energizing quantity can be reduced automatically when sub-load, and the water of underground pipe is also to maintain normal heat exchange amount, i.e. heat-accumulator tank
Energy only use up the insufficient section of underground pipe heat exchange, the heat that heat pump is not used can be also returned in heat storage pool.Due to air-conditioning
Whole day load fluctuation is big, and heat pump most time is not at oepration at full load state, and accumulation of energy water also can be for a long time in low load condition.
Any design is all intended to according to peak load and to consider design margin, and the surplus of these underground heat exchanges designs and occupies
The low load condition of most of time is really fully used under the design operation principle, this thermal capacitance just to water storage container
Amount more reduces requirement.And adopt this cost effective method of water storage container to reduce underground pipe design margin and can also carry come comprehensive
Greatly to save.Water-retention temperature is little with circumstance of temperature difference, container without special insulation also without using plate type heat exchanger heat exchange, and
It is the open equipment of normal pressure, can is cement structures pond or steel water tank, it is possible to use the fire water box of Architectural Equipment.Available
The subterranean layer corner of building is built, and volume not very big, can be received by utilities building.
Simply the feature of conventional Cool Storage Technology and the difficult point of energy efficiency promotion is compared with this patent in background note and
Carry out the explanation in principle, its purpose is to illustrate this patent be also to use water accumulation of energy, but with can position difference and principle not
With the two effect not being substituted for each other.This two kinds of energy accumulating techniques can be while apply in a set of earth-source hot-pump system, mutual not shadow
Ring.The effect of conventional accumulation of energy is to realize more energy-conservations in system operation；The outstanding advantages of this patent are to make underground heat exchange whole
Efficiency is played, saving throwing such as and expand heat pump techniques can range of application.This patent principle is simple, is readily obtained user's understanding and connects
Receive, be easy to promote.
The method underground pipe does not increase its unit area peak load using minimizing, and when simply playing its underload
Potentiality.As source is always put over the ground（Inhale）Heat does not change, and the ground heat accumulation for system does not produce impact yet.
It is often up to a hundred parallel connections when buried guard system is used, flow is little and distribution is bad will result in some U-tube bottoms
Portion blocks, and this is often the reason for earth-source hot-pump system reduces with use time prolongation performance.Due to can rationally increase night storage
Heat flow carries out heat exchange, has not only played the good action for shortening the accumulation of energy time but also underground heat exchanging pipe impurity being washed away.In the present invention
Backward erosion is devised while realizing heat exchange to serve the effect for improving heat pump service life and keeping good running status.
It is designed using more than half can be reduced according to the demand of underground pipe well-digging after this patent.
By this method, can solve well-digging cannot be arranged by land area anxiety and dig a well costly this two sternly
Ghost image rings the key obstacle of heat pump techniques popularization.And the accumulator device for increasing for this can utilize the fire water of building underground
Pond, or the cistern for being close to floor height is built using the corner space of subterranean layer, expenditure of construction is low ten times than well-digging saving expense
Or it is lower.As night electricity consumption is that low ebb, the charge for electricity is small, and Ground Heat is freely exploited, below 10 yuan of the daily heat exchange expense of accumulation of energy water
（20000 citings）.And the control accumulation of heat water yield that schematic diagram is introduced and more than 130 yuan of the daily economize on electricity of the method for the ground source water yield
（20000 citings）.The method of the patent targetedly solves the unfavorable defect of earth source heat pump.
The patent can also expand cold and heat supply application in the building for being used for earth source heat pump.Using installed
Buried tube apparatus, it is only necessary to increase low operating cost and energy-saving effect that ground installations just can obtain earth source heat pump with Low investment, will
Expand twice deliverability after transformation and be applied to the newly-increased building of periphery.As now load increases, for winter in summer to ground
The area that table is put, the difference that recepts the caloric is big needs to check ground heat diffusion capabilities, prevents hot and cold savings.
As a same reason, when the earth-source hot-pump system for having come into operation is as underground heat exchange equipment heat exchange is not enough or actual cooling is supplied
Heat cannot meet the transformation project of use requirement, using this method can also Low investment reach capacity enlargement effect.
The underground pipe that this patent is mentioned is the most frequently used form of earth source heat pump underground heat exchange, using other heat transmission equipment shapes
The saving equipment investment effect that formula is obtained is also identical.
This patent has the public building for resting to use suitable for night.For heat supply in 24 hours（Cold）Civil buildings can lead to
Cross the extension of programme controlled method to use.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is working condition system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further described.Following embodiments are illustrative, be not determinate, no
Protection scope of the present invention can be limited with following embodiments.
Winter heat supply working condition
The ground source of earth source heat pump 21 supplies water and is supplied by two roads.Electrodynamic valve 18,16 is opened, and 19,15 close, and 10,11 open, ground
Source water circulating pump starts.Come from accumulation of energy pond 3, the slightly lower hot water of density is flowed out from 3 upper valve 17 of accumulation of energy pond, warp
Electrodynamic valve 18 connects calorimeter FV1 measurement and is given by switching the entrance of electrodynamic valve 10 ground source after regulating valve 20 adjusts flow again
9 import of water pump is mixed with another road backwater for being heated by 1 soil of underground pipe；Water pump 9 is entered through Summer and winter switching valve F7 after pressurizeing
Heat pump is flowed out through F4 after earth source heat pump heat release, distributary division lease making electrodynamic valve 16 and valve 14 flow back to columns base.Another route ground
Pipe laying 1 enters ground land source side water pump import through electrodynamic valve 10 through water knockout drum 13 after being connected in parallel by electrodynamic valve 11 and water-retention, with
Sample is forced into heat pump heat release through water pump and is followed by absorbing heat in the import and ground source that connect the return underground pipe 1 of water collector 2.
Night in winter accumulation of energy process
During accumulation of heat, the current direction in accumulation of energy pond is contrary with daytime.Now source water circulating pump is halted state.Electrodynamic valve 15,19
Open, 16,18 close, and electrodynamic valve 10,11 cuts out.Open accumulation of energy water pump 12, daytime, the slightly larger cold water of used density was from accumulation of energy water
3 lower end of pond exits into underground pipe heating and is returned by 3 top of accumulation of energy pond again.Accumulation of energy water connects from lower nozzle through valve 14,15
Calorimeter FV1 enters ground source accumulation of energy water pump 12 after flow is adjusted through regulating valve 20 and is forced into underground pipe, is heated by soil
Water flow back to 3 top of cistern through 2 electrodynamic valve 19 of water collector and valve 17.Stop accumulation of energy when T4 temperature reaches requirement through circulation
Water pump, program returns normal operating conditions on daytime.
Cooling in summer working condition
During summer cooling season, bis- tunnel of the ground source water supply Ye You supply of earth source heat pump 21.Electrodynamic valve 15,19 is opened, and 16,18 close
Close, 10,11 open.Come from accumulation of energy pond 3, cold water is flowed out from 3 bottom valve 14 of accumulation of energy pond, and accumulation of energy water is through lower nozzle warp
Valve 14,15 connects calorimeter FV1 with passing through the entrance of electrodynamic valve 10 after flow is adjusted through regulating valve 20 again source feed pump 9 and enters
Mouth is mixed with the backwater for being cooled down by underground pipe soil；Warp after earth source heat pump heat absorption is entered through Summer and winter switching valve F8 after water pump pressurization
F1 flows out heat pump 21, and distributary division lease making electrodynamic valve 19 and valve 17 flow back to cistern top.Another route underground pipe 1 is through water knockout drum
13, ground land source side water pump import being entered through electrodynamic valve 10 after being connected in parallel by electrodynamic valve 11 and water-retention, equally pressurizes through water pump
It is followed by the import for connecing the entrance underground pipe 1 of water collector 2 and the heat release of ground source to heat pump heat absorption.
Night summer accumulation of energy process
During cold-storage, the current direction in accumulation of energy pond is contrary with daytime.I.e. used hot water need to be exited into from 3 upper end of accumulation of energy pond
Underground pipe cooling returns to accumulation of energy pond by bottom again.Electrodynamic valve 18,16 is opened, and 19,15 close, and electrodynamic valve 10,11 cuts out, and open
Accumulation of energy water pump.Accumulation of energy water connects calorimeter FV1 from upper orifice and adjusts entrance storage after flow through regulating valve 20 again through valve 17,18
Energy water pump 12 is forced into underground pipe 1, and the water for being cooled down by soil is through water collector 2, and electrodynamic valve 16 and valve 14 flow back to accumulation of energy basin bottom.
Stop storage pump through circulation when T3 temperature reaches requirement, program returns normal operating conditions on daytime.
The function in other loops
Summer and winter switching valve F1-F8 switched once per season, and manual Vavle switching is both economical.
Before 9 pump of ground source circulating pump, voltage stabilizing and ground origin system moisturizing are automatically performed by elevated tank 4.
During each water pump start and stop of above-mentioned each electrically operated valve program work state and the opening time at accumulation of energy water pump night, daytime
Between all pass through PLC program controller and be automatically performed, achievable operator-less full automatic working.
Water temperature difference is given back to by measurement, accumulation of energy discharge is adjusted, can the maximized effect for playing underground pipe and water-retention
The effect of pond accumulation of energy and realize water pump maximum energy-saving.
The The shortest operation time of accumulation of energy water pump can be controlled by the temperature for measuring cistern；By adjusting underground pipe outlet
Water temperature and governor valve control flow can reduce the use of heat and the economical operation of ground land source side water pump in heat-accumulator tank, reach economize on electricity
Effect.
Water bag 5 is divided and the bag 8 that catchments in air-conditioning side, and air-conditioning side water pump and air conditioner load 7 are typical usings method.Common
The power-economizing method of cold-storage water-retention can be applied in this loop.
Claims (1)
1. the night air-conditioning zero load time is utilized, ground upper reservoir or fire water box water-retention are set by underground pipe and earth's surface heat exchange
For heat exchange accumulation of energy is carried out with Ground Heat, inhale for a part of summer heat release or winter of earth-source hot-pump system on daytime ground source
Heat, reaches the heat exchange water yield for reducing underground pipe or all kinds of underground heat exchange equipment so that underground pipe and various heat exchange equipment with high investment
Usage quantity or area reduce with investment reduction；And realize not increasing underground pipe and underground heat exchange using above-mentioned technical method
Equipment and increased earth-source hot-pump system air-conditioning supply area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610844984.0A CN106440131A (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2016-09-23 | Method for saving embedded pipes of ground source heat pump system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610844984.0A CN106440131A (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2016-09-23 | Method for saving embedded pipes of ground source heat pump system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106440131A true CN106440131A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
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ID=58167104
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610844984.0A Pending CN106440131A (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2016-09-23 | Method for saving embedded pipes of ground source heat pump system |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110398084A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of ground-source heat pump system and control method of continuously-running |
| CN111928383A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 华中科技大学 | Ground source heat pump and energy storage composite air conditioning system and control method thereof |
| CN114087642A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 西安交通大学 | Medium-deep geothermal energy coupling energy storage device heating system based on demand response |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201757475U (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-03-09 | 天津市天友建筑设计有限公司 | Buried pipe ground-source heat pump-water energy storage combined architect heating-ventilation air-conditioning system |
-
2016
- 2016-09-23 CN CN201610844984.0A patent/CN106440131A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201757475U (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-03-09 | 天津市天友建筑设计有限公司 | Buried pipe ground-source heat pump-water energy storage combined architect heating-ventilation air-conditioning system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110398084A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of ground-source heat pump system and control method of continuously-running |
| CN111928383A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 华中科技大学 | Ground source heat pump and energy storage composite air conditioning system and control method thereof |
| CN114087642A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 西安交通大学 | Medium-deep geothermal energy coupling energy storage device heating system based on demand response |
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Effective date of registration: 20171128 Address after: 250101 Ji'nan high tech Zone Qilu Software Park building 1009, Shandong Applicant after: Sun Chao Address before: 250101 room 1009, Qilu Software building, Ji'nan, Shandong Applicant before: Ji'nan nine link power Software Development Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |