CN106437973A - Internal combustion engine exhuast gas post treatment method and apparatus for executing same - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine exhuast gas post treatment method and apparatus for executing same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106437973A
CN106437973A CN201610659808.XA CN201610659808A CN106437973A CN 106437973 A CN106437973 A CN 106437973A CN 201610659808 A CN201610659808 A CN 201610659808A CN 106437973 A CN106437973 A CN 106437973A
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China
Prior art keywords
exhaust
particulate filter
air
combustion engine
internal combustion
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Granted
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CN201610659808.XA
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CN106437973B (en
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S.保克纳
L.施吕特
M.蒂勒
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0236—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using turbine waste gate valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F01N3/0293—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust injecting substances in exhaust stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/04—Mixing air with exhaust gases for afterburning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1626—Catalyst activation temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the exhaust gas post treatment of a combustion engine. The apparatus comprises an internal combustion engine comprising a fresh air duct and an exhaust gas duct. A compressor for compressing the fresh air is arranged in the fresh air duct and the downstream of the compressor is provided with a secondary air pipeline. A three-way catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust gas duct. The downstream of the three-way catalytic converter is provided with a particle filter. The method comprises the following processes: determining a loading condition of the particulate filter, when the loading condition requires a regeneration of the particulate filter, raising the exhaust temperature to a regeneration temperature of the particulate filter by at least temporarily adjusting a mixture formation for the internal combustion engine to a combustion air ratio ([lambda]E <1) and at least simultaneously introducing secondary air into the exhaust gas channel upstream of the three-way catalytic converter, wherein the unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas channel, the super stoichiometric mixing air ratio ([lambda]M> 1) is set in the exhaust gas channel before entry into the particle filter, so that soot is formed on the exhaust air mixture particle filter is oxidized by the oxygen excess.

Description

Method for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine and the device of execution the method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the exhaust after-treatment for pressurisable, external source igniting internal combustion engine and one kind According to dependent claims for executing the exhaust aftertreatment device of such method.
Background technology
The continuous reinforcement of waste gas regulation proposes high requirement to vehicular manufacturer, and these requirements are passed through to start for reducing The corresponding measure of thick discharge of machine and being realized by corresponding exhaust after-treatment.With the introducing of EU6 regulation level, for gasoline The limiting value of particle number is defined, it makes the use of gasoline particles filter in many cases is required for engine 's.In running operation, such gasoline particles filter is by load with coal smoke.In order that exhaust back-pressure is not excessively strong on the ground Rise, this gasoline particles filter must constantly or periodically be regenerated.It is recovered in gasoline particles filter to execute The utilization oxygen of coal smoke thermal oxide, sufficiently high temperature horizontal integration is concurrently present in petrolic exhaust apparatus Oxygen be necessary.Because the petrol engine in modern times is empty with stoichiometric burning generally in the case of not having oxygen excess Gas ratio (λ=1) running, so the measure extra to this is necessary.In this regard, for example considering by the angle of ignition as measure The temperature raising of regulation, petrolic temporary transient thin regulation (Magerverstellung), auxiliary air set to exhaust Being blown in standby or the combination of these measures.Preferably, the angle of ignition on retarding direction is applied to adjust and gasoline engine so far The combination of the thin regulation of machine, because the method is enough and in petrolic most of works in the case of no additional member Make to provide enough amount of oxygen in point.
Such method is for example known to file DE 10 2,013 220 889 A1.Here is provided with for gasoline engine The Lambda of machine is adjusted, wherein, for particulate filter regeneration combustion air ratio by stoichiometric combustion air ratio Example is set out and is conditioned on the direction of the combustion air ratio of over-stoichiometric, and real by the oxidation of the utilization oxygen excess of coal smoke The regeneration of existing particulate filter.But the shortcoming of such method is, exactly for particulate in the weak duty cycle of internal combustion engine Necessary to the regeneration of filter, temperature is not reliably achieved.
A kind of exhaust aftertreatment device known to file DE 10 2,011 118 337 A1, is increased by means of turbine wherein Press sucks air and is introduced in useless as auxiliary air in ternary catalyzing unit downstream and in particulate filter upstream to compress In gas passage.Here, internal combustion engine (can realize waste gas by ternary catalyzing unit net wherein with stoichiometric combustion air ratio Change) or thin combustion air ratio (the NOx emission quilt not being lowered in ternary catalyzing unit wherein with over-stoichiometric It is stored in NOx accumulator-type catalytic converter) running.Disadvantageously, in the case of such solution, in weak duty cycle Temperature necessary to the regeneration of particulate filter is not reliably achieved yet, then especially when particulate filter is installed in Do not reliably achieved when in the bottom position under motor vehicle.
Content of the invention
Now, present invention aim at providing a kind of exhaust after-treatment methods and a kind of exhaust aftertreatment device, wherein Also the reliable regeneration of particulate filter is can achieve in the driving pattern compared with Smaller load.
This purpose is realized by a kind of method of the exhaust after-treatment for pressurisable, external source igniting internal combustion engine, Wherein, this internal combustion engine has fresh air passage and exhaust steam passage, wherein, is provided with new for compressing in fresh air passage The compressor of fresh air, and wherein, the downstream of compressor is provided with auxiliary air pipeline, it connects fresh air passage and gives up Gas passage, wherein, is disposed with ternary catalyzing unit in exhaust steam passage and the arranged downstream in ternary catalyzing unit has particulate filter. The method comprises the following steps：
The load condition of-mensure particulate filter,
- when the regeneration of load conditions dictate particulate filter, by the mixed Daqu of internal combustion engine will be used for (Gemischbildung) at least temporarily it is adjusted in the combustion air ratio of substoichiometric (dense) and by auxiliary air extremely Temporarily it is simultaneously introduced into regeneration EGT being brought up to particulate filter in the exhaust steam passage of ternary catalyzing unit upstream less In temperature, wherein
The unburned part of the combustion mixture of-internal combustion engine passes through auxiliary air in exhaust steam passage and is turned by heat release Change, and
- in the regeneration stage of particulate filter, auxiliary air amount is so improved, that is, in exhaust steam passage enter into micro- The mixing air ratio of over-stoichiometric is set before grain filter, so that the coal smoke on particulate filter passes through oxygen mistake Amount is oxidized.
It is arranged in the case of the method according to the present invention, auxiliary air is in the outlet valve downstream of internal combustion engine and in ternary The upstream of catalyst converter is blown in exhaust steam passage.Thus, unburned part can be in three-element catalytic in exhaust steam passage On device or even ternary catalyzing unit upstream, for example in the exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine by exothermic conversion, thus causing useless The heating of the waste gas in gas passage, the regeneration in order to make particulate filter is possibly realized.
Internal combustion engine its normal run in, i.e. before determining the load condition of particulate filter or period great majority with Stoichiometric combustion air ratio (λE=1) running.
It is arranged to according to an improvement project of the method, in the heating period of particulate filter, internal combustion engine is in terms of sub- chemistry The combustion air ratio lambda of amount (dense)E<1 come to run and auxiliary air amount setting, be regulated so that in particular entering into ternary Stoichiometric mixing air ratio lambda occurs in the case of catalyst converterM=1.During the heating period, thus guarantee ternary catalyzing unit Three-element catalytic function (Drei-Wege-Funktion).Therefore, compare wherein that auxiliary air is in ternary catalyzing unit downstream The method being blown in exhaust steam passage can obtain faster heating and more preferable waste gas purification.
Here, when internal combustion engine in the regeneration stage of particulate filter and/or in the heating period with 0.85 to 0.95 Scope in, preferably about λE=0.9 combustion air ratio lambdaEDuring running, it is particularly advantageous.In such burning In the case of AIR Proportional, on the one hand provide the reducing agent of sufficiently high amount, especially in the burning waste gas in exhaust steam passage Unburned hydrocarbon.On the other hand, still do not cause the Particulate Emission of the strong raising of internal combustion engine in this range.
Regeneration for particulate filter is advantageously arranged to, by mixing air ratio lambdaM(i.e. by burning waste gas and secondary The gaseous mixture that air is constituted) adjust in regeneration stage in 1.05 to 1.2 scope, preferably in about λM=1.1.At this There is sufficiently large oxygen excess, in order to aoxidizing the coal smoke on particulate filter and making particulate filter regeneration in scope.Should Amount of oxygen however enough little, in order to avoid the uncontrolled burning-out of the coal smoke on particulate filter and particulate filter with This danger being associated.
It is advantageously improved scheme according to the one of the method to be arranged to, make compressor by the turbine drives in exhaust steam passage And so that auxiliary air pipeline is passed in exhaust steam passage in turbine upstream, then auxiliary air is on waste gas stream direction in turbine Machine upstream is supplied to waste gas stream.With the turbine being arranged in exhaust steam passage and the compression being arranged in fresh air passage The use of the turbocharger of machine offers the advantage that, is blown in exhaust steam passage in the upstream of turbine in auxiliary air In the case of exothermic reaction energy can be used for drive turbine.Here, bypassing turbine when being configured with turbine During bypass, it is particularly advantageous, this bypass can be closed for the driving power improving compressor.Thus, in weak load point Power can be enhanced, in order to the auxiliary air of q.s can be provided all the time.In addition compressor can be improved in a straightforward manner Pressure, in order to reach the enough pressure reduction between fresh air line and exhaust steam passage, in order in weak load point Also auxiliary air can be incorporated in this exhaust steam passage against in the exhaust back-pressure in exhaust steam passage.Here, when bypass is in particulate The regeneration stage of filter and/or when being closed in the heating period, is particularly preferred.Therefore, in exhaust steam passage wherein In the stage needing auxiliary air, the power of compressor can be enhanced, so that compressor is in addition to providing combustion air The air capacity introducing for auxiliary air can be additionally provided.This bypass may be configured to waste gate and can pass through corresponding valve or valve Door is closing.
It is advantageously improved scheme according to the one of the method to be arranged to, select the mixing air ratio lambda of over-stoichiometricMFor In the scope of 200 to 1000s, preferably in the scope of 300 to 800s, particularly preferably in the scope of 500 to 600s The regeneration stage of the particulate filter of time interval.In the regeneration stage of particulate filter, ternary catalyzing unit can not play it Complete effectiveness because the period being in regeneration stage in ternary catalyzing unit there is the mixing air ratio of over-stoichiometric.Institute On the one hand the time interval of suggestion makes the sufficient regeneration realizing particulate filter be possibly realized, and simultaneously will ternary wherein Catalyst converter can not play its complete effectiveness time interval be kept as little as possible.
Be arranged to according to another scheme that is advantageously improved, be relatively equipped with before regeneration stage the heating period and be maintained through 50 to In the scope of the 300s, time interval of preferred 100s.By the single heating period, the heating of particulate filter can be at the same time It is implemented in the case of stoichiometric mixing air ratio.Therefore, ternary catalyzing unit can be during the heating of particulate filter Play its complete effect and be functionally not compromised at it.By the preposition independent heating of particulate filter, regeneration stage Compare the heating of combination and regeneration stage can be shortened and therefore wherein ternary catalyzing unit outside its preferable condition of work The time interval being run is reduced.
It is advantageously improved scheme according to the one of the method to be arranged to, measured waste gas before entering in ternary catalyzing unit Temperature, wherein, this temperature is compared with the initiation temperature being used for converting unburned hydrocarbon of ternary catalyzing unit.Not In the case of reaching this initiation temperature, in coupling combustion air ratio lambdaEThe angle of ignition of internal combustion engine is first on retarding direction before It is conditioned, be adjusted to the substoichiometric combustion air ratio lambda of regeneration stage in particularE<1.For hydrocarbon Exothermic conversion, so-called initiation temperature is necessary, in order to start this exothermic reaction.This initiation temperature in petrol engine and Can be in the case of the fuel being used in the scope of about 300 C to 400 C.Take under this temperature and further arrange It is necessary for applying, in order to take waste gas in this temperature range first to, because using substoichiometric dense mixing The proposed method of the exothermic conversion of the combustion air regulation on gas and unburned part is only on initiation temperature Its effect can be played.Under this temperature, unburned hydrocarbon not by or be only converted on a small quantity so that its except Do not cause significantly improving of EGT outside unexpected HC discharge.In order to just improve EGT in weak load stage, Therefore make following suggestion, i.e. the angle of ignition of internal combustion engine is extraly adjusted on " delay " direction and therefore improves EGT.
Be advantageously improved scheme according to the one of the method to be arranged to, the power of compressor for the limited time period, It is enhanced particularly for for heating period and/or regeneration stage.Thus, the air capacity of compressor can be raised to by internal combustion Machine is used for burning on required air capacity.So, this extra air capacity can be blown into exhaust steam passage as auxiliary air In.
For the internal combustion engine of pressurisable, external source igniting exhaust after-treatment according to the inventive system comprises fresh sky Gas passage and exhaust steam passage, wherein, are provided with the compressor for compressing fresh air in fresh air passage, and wherein, Compressor downstream is provided with auxiliary air pipeline, it connects fresh air passage and exhaust steam passage, and cloth in exhaust steam passage It is equipped with ternary catalyzing unit and has particulate filter in ternary catalyzing unit arranged downstream, wherein, auxiliary air pipeline is in three-element catalytic Device upstream is passed in exhaust steam passage.According to assembly of the invention so that being possibly realized as follows, that is, in the dense combustion of internal combustion engine The stoichiometry at ternary catalyzing unit is adjusted by auxiliary air in order to improve EGT in the case of burning AIR Proportional Mixing air ratio, this mixing air ratio makes harmful substance preferably transform into possibility on ternary catalyzing unit.
It is suitable for according to assembly of the invention and is established for implementing the method according to the invention.In particular, this device is This purpose includes a kind of control device, and executing wherein can the control algolithm that reads of computer and appointing for implement the method Selection of land stores necessary indicatrix.
It is advantageously improved scheme according to one to be arranged to, in fresh air line, have choke valve in compressor arranged downstream, Wherein, auxiliary air pipeline is separated by fresh air passage between compressor and choke valve.Therefore, throttle valve control can be passed through It is supplied to internal combustion engine and/or the air capacity of auxiliary air pipeline.
It is arranged to according to another favourable form of implementation, ternary catalyzing unit is disposed adjacent in the position of engine and particulate Filter is arranged in away from the position of engine, especially in bottom position.Here, being wherein near the position of engine The access aperture of ternary catalyzing unit and the cylinder outlet of internal combustion engine are at a distance of the position less than 50cm, preferably less than 30cm.Typically, From cylinder outlet until the average waste gas haul distance of entrance to particulate filter be at least 100cm, in particular at least 120cm.This position is referred to as the position away from engine in the category of this application.By the close engine of ternary catalyzing unit Position, this ternary catalyzing unit is heated much more rapidly in start-up period so that ternary catalyzing unit quickly reach for Effectively convert the initiation temperature of the unburned part of combustion mixture of internal combustion engine.Particulate filter away from engine Arrangement offer the advantage that, i.e. there are more spaces in great majority in bottom position, and particulate filter is therefore easier Assembling.Additionally, particulate filter is protected against thermal overload and the damage or aging being associated with this in bottom position.
It is arranged to according to another scheme that is advantageously improved, auxiliary air pipeline is being arranged in ternary in exhaust gas flow direction The upstream of the turbine before catalyst converter is passed in exhaust steam passage.Thus, the unburned part of combustion mixture can The energy quilt being released by exothermic conversion and in the case of the extra conversion in this heat release in exhaust manifold before turbine For driving turbine.The power that thus can achieve engine improves, especially in weak load point, (otherwise turbine is only wherein The less driving power for compressor can be provided) torque magnification.
Brief description
If no in addition illustrating in individual cases, the different form of implementation mentioned in this application of the present invention can Advantageously combination with one another.
Next with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is illustrated with embodiment.Wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment for exhaust after-treatment according to assembly of the invention,
Fig. 2 shows the second embodiment for exhaust after-treatment according to assembly of the invention,
The flow chart that Fig. 3 shows the method according to the invention for exhaust after-treatment,
Fig. 4 shows the chart of the method according to the invention of the regeneration for particulate filter,
Fig. 5 shows another chart of the method according to the invention of the regeneration for particulate filter.
List of numerals
10 internal combustion engines
12 fresh air passages
14 compressors
16 auxiliary air pipelines
18 choke valves
20 exhaust steam passages
22 ternary catalyzing units
24 particulate filters
26 turbines
28 Lambda sensors
30 compressed air coolers
32 air cleaners
34 secondary air valves
36 drive shafts
38 bypass channels
40 turbochargers
λECombustion air ratio
λMMixing air ratio.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows a kind of pressurisable, the internal combustion engine 10 of external source igniting, preferably turbo charged petrol engine, band There are fresh air passage 12 and exhaust steam passage 20.In exhaust steam passage 20, the flow direction of the waste gas of internal combustion engine 10 is arranged There is turbine 26, it is connected with the compressor 14 in fresh air passage 12 via drive shaft 36.Turbine 26 and compression Machine 14 is the part of turbocharger 40.In turbine 26 downstream, it is disposed with preferably adjacent to engine in exhaust steam passage 20 Ternary catalyzing unit 22.It is configured with bypass channel 38, especially so-called waste gate at turbine 26, the portion of waste gas can be made using it Shunting is directed through at turbine 26.This bypass channel 38 can be closed by unshowned valve or valve.In three-element catalytic The downstream of device 22, is disposed with particulate filter 24 in exhaust steam passage 20, and it is preferably placed in the bottom position away from engine In, this is that is at the bottom of motor vehicle.Particulate filter 24 is embodied as the particulate filter 24 of non-coating, preferably Ground, the wall-flow filter of coating implemented into by particulate filter 24, and it has the ternary coating of catalysis.Under ternary catalyzing unit 22 Trip, be especially provided between ternary catalyzing unit 22 and particulate filter 24 for Lambda adjust Lambda sensor 28, The air quality control device of especially internal combustion engine 10.
It is disposed with air cleaner 32 at the inlet port of fresh air passage 12.In the flow direction of the fresh air, There is choke valve 18 in compressor 14 arranged downstream, via its controllable air capacity being supplied to internal combustion engine 10.In choke valve 18 Arranged downstream has charger-air cooler 30, using its can by compressed air in the combustion chamber entering into internal combustion engine 10 it Front cooling.Between compressor 14 and choke valve 18, auxiliary air pipeline 16 is separated by fresh air passage 12, it is in internal combustion engine It is passed between 10 unshowned outlet valve and turbine 26 in exhaust steam passage 20, arrive unshowned exhaust manifold in particular In.In auxiliary air pipeline 16 in the face of the end of exhaust steam passage 20 is provided with secondary air valve 34, using its controllable quilt It is supplied to the amount of the auxiliary air of exhaust steam passage 20.
Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment according to assembly of the invention for exhaust after-treatment.With Fig. 1 in Largely in the case of identical structure, next only inquire into difference.Auxiliary air pipeline 16 in compressor 14 downstream and Choke valve 18 upstream separated by fresh air line 12 and in this design turbocharger 40 turbine 26 with It is passed between ternary catalyzing unit 22 in exhaust steam passage 20.The turbine of turbocharger 40, particularly turbocharger 40 26 can be as having bypass channel 38 in FIG, but the reason for clarity, it is not shown in this embodiment.
With (also referred to as " idle loop in gem in spoken language in the driving pattern compared with Smaller load (Broetchenholzyklus) "), by closing bypass channel 38, exhaust enthalpy can be used for compressing additionally using compressor 14 , for the engine combustion of internal combustion engine 10 unwanted fresh air quantity stream.This extra fresh air quantity stream Can be introduced in exhaust steam passage 20 via auxiliary air pipeline 16.
If (this for example can be by particulate filter 24 to detect the threshold of the determination of coal smoke load of particulate filter 24 Before and after the differential pressure measurement in exhaust steam passage 20 or realized by modeling), then introduce for particulate filter 24 The renovation process of regeneration.For the regeneration of particulate filter, the oxygen mistake of the regeneration temperature of about 600 C and the oxidation for coal smoke Amount is necessary.In order to reach regeneration temperature in the offgas, in the case of the method according to the invention shown in execution Fig. 3 Following steps.
In original state<100>In, internal combustion engine 10 is with stoichiometric combustion air ratio lambdaE=1 running.Following Method and step<110>In check for for make particulate filter 24 regenerate necessity.For example check be by Being exceeded by the load that modularization determines of pressure reduction that differential pressure measurement on particulate filter 24 measures or particulate filter 24 Predetermined threshold.If this inquiry<110>Affirmed then there are regeneration requirements and introduce regenerative process.
In this regard, in following step<120>In measure temperature and inquiry at ternary catalyzing unit 22, this temperature first Whether it is in more than the initiation temperature of about 350 C of ternary catalyzing unit 22, in the case of this temperature, in ternary catalyzing unit 22 On realize the unburned part of combustion mixture, the conversion of especially unburned hydrocarbon (HC) of internal combustion engine. If this inquiry<120>It is denied, that is this do not have initiation temperature, in ensuing method and step<130>In interior The angle of ignition of combustion engine 10 is adjusted on retarding direction in raising ignition temperature and therefore improves in ternary catalyzing unit 22 Temperature at inlet port and hence in so that the exothermic conversion of the unburned part of combustion mixture (HC, CO, H2) becomes May.
If reaching initiation temperature, in further method and step<140>In check for particulate filter 24 Regeneration temperature.This is generally not the case first and inquires<140>It is denied.Immediately heating period in this case, with It is easy to particulate filter 24 is heated in its regeneration temperature.For this reason, in further method and step<150>Middle engine 10 Combustion air ratio is by λE=1 stoichiometric combustion air ratio is adjusted to λE<1st, preferred λE=0.9 substoichiometric Dense combustion air ratio on.Thus, unburned part (HC, CO, the H of combustion mixture2) be introduced in useless In gas passage 20.The combustion air ratio lambda of internal combustion engine 10ECan sense via the Lambda of the upstream being arranged in secondary air valve 34 Device (not shown in fig 1 and 2) is detecting and to adjust.Meanwhile, in method and step<150>In compressed via compressor 14 two Secondary air and be supplied to the exhaust steam passage 20 of the outlet downstream in internal combustion engine 10 via auxiliary air pipeline 16.This introducing can not Only between the outlet of internal combustion engine 10 and the turbine 26 of turbocharger 40 (Fig. 1) or can be in the turbine 26 of turbocharger Downstream and the upstream (Fig. 2) of ternary catalyzing unit 22 realize.By via auxiliary air pipeline 16 and secondary air valve 34 quilt The unburned part heat release of combustion mixture can be in auxiliary air by the oxygen being incorporated in exhaust steam passage 20 Valve 34 or being passed through of auxiliary air pipeline 16 convert on the ternary catalyzing unit 22 in mouthful downstream.In auxiliary air in internal combustion engine 10 Outlet and turbine 26 between be blown in the case of, this exothermic reaction can carry out on the exhaust manifold of internal combustion engine 10 and because The energy of release is used for driving turbine 26 by this.By combustion air ratio and the auxiliary air being blown in exhaust steam passage 20 The mixing air ratio lambda constitutingMTo detect via Lambda sensor 28 and to be adjusted to Lambda=1, so that being used for making The desired target temperature of particulate filter 24 regeneration occurs.
Immediately regeneration stage after reaching the regeneration temperature of particulate filter 24, and in further method and step<160 >, so that λ before particulate filter 24 in middle raising SAS Secondary Air SupplyM>The mixing air of 1 over-stoichiometric Ratio.Thus, the coal smoke on particulate filter 24 can oxidized and particulate filter 24 therefore be reproduced.
In further method and step<170>In, stop auxiliary air after the regeneration ending of particulate filter 24 Supply and internal combustion engine 10 is again with stoichiometric combustion air ratio lambdaE=1 running.
Fig. 4 shows the engine combustion sky of particulate filter temperature, internal combustion engine 10 during the method implemented according to Fig. 3 Gas ratio lambdaEAnd mixing air ratio lambdaMChange curve.As shown in Figure 4, during the heating period of particulate filter 24 The combustion air ratio lambda of internal combustion engine 1EBy pre-control to λE<1 and gaseous mixture ratio is adjusted to λM=1.Maintain this heating period warp 50 to 300s, the time interval of preferred 100s.Thus, guarantee in the heating period ternary catalyzing unit 22 three-element catalytic function and All harmful substances can efficiently be converted.
If reached to be used for making particulate filter 24 regeneration temperature, it is transformed into regeneration rank via engine control system Duan Shang.For this reason, internal combustion engine 10 continues with λE<1 substoichiometric dense combustion air ratio is running.But in order to carry For the oxygen of the regeneration for particulate filter 24, waste gas will be blown into via auxiliary air pipeline 16 and secondary air valve 34 Auxiliary air amount in passage 20 improves into so that adjusting λ in the porch of particulate filter 24M>1st, preferably λM1.05 with Between 1.2, particularly preferably λMThe mixing air ratio of=1.1 over-stoichiometric.Therefore ensure that, the conversion ratio of coal smoke can not Become Tai Gao and do not cause the heat waste of particulate filter 24 to ruin.This process is maintained by so long, until particulate filter 24 can It is considered to regenerate.As the typical regeneration duration selection 200s-1000s for particulate filter 24, preferably in 300s- Time interval between 800s, particularly preferably between 500-600s.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5, heating period and the regeneration rank of particulate filter 24 can be also performed in parallel Section.Here, internal combustion engine 10 is with λE<1 substoichiometric dense combustion air ratio is running and auxiliary air quilt simultaneously It is blown in exhaust steam passage 20, thus λ occurs during the heating period and during the regeneration stage of parallel experienceM>1 mistakeization Learn the mixing air ratio of metering.Therefore, the unburned part of combustion mixture is simultaneously by exothermic conversion and enough Oxygen is available, in order to convert the coal smoke being deposited in particulate filter 24.
Illustrated two methods correspondingly can device proposed by two kinds to execute, that is, be not dependent on secondary air pipe Road is the turbine 26 between the outlet of internal combustion engine 10 and the turbine 26 of turbocharger 40 or in turbocharger 40 It is passed into and ternary catalyzing unit 22 between in exhaust steam passage 20.Illustrated method causes the NOx during regeneration stage to escape from. In shown in the diagram and preferred method, with the stage that existing NOx escapes from but should be shortened, because particulate filter 24 heating period is with λE=1 stoichiometric combustion air ratio executes and under the complete effectiveness of ternary catalyzing unit 22 Execution.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of method of the exhaust after-treatment of the internal combustion engine (10) lighted a fire for being pressurized, external source, leads to including fresh air Road (12) and exhaust steam passage (20), wherein, are provided with for compressing described fresh air in described fresh air passage (12) Compressor (14) and described compressor (14) downstream is provided with auxiliary air pipeline (16), it is by described fresh air passage (12) be connected with described exhaust steam passage (20), wherein, be disposed with described exhaust steam passage (20) ternary catalyzing unit (22) and There is particulate filter (24) in described ternary catalyzing unit (22) arranged downstream, the method comprising the steps of：
The load condition of the described particulate filter of-mensure (24),
- when the regeneration of particulate filter (24) described in described load conditions dictate, by described internal combustion engine (10) will be used for Mixed Daqu is at least temporarily adjusted to the combustion air ratio (λ of substoichiometric (dense)E<1) and by auxiliary air at least Temporarily it is simultaneously introduced into, in the exhaust steam passage (20) of described ternary catalyzing unit (22) upstream, described EGT is brought up to institute State in the regeneration temperature of particulate filter (24), wherein
The unburned part of the combustion mixture of-described internal combustion engine (10) passes through described in described exhaust steam passage (20) Auxiliary air is converted by heat release, and
Described in-regeneration stage in described particulate filter (24), auxiliary air amount is so improved, that is, in described waste gas Mixing air ratio (the λ of over-stoichiometric was set in passage (20) before entering into described particulate filter (24)M>1), from And so that the coal smoke on described particulate filter (24) is aoxidized by oxygen excess.
2. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described particulate filter (24) Heating period described in internal combustion engine (10) with the combustion air ratio (λ of substoichiometric (dense)E<1) running and described Auxiliary air amount is arranged so that stoichiometric mixing air in the case of entering into described ternary catalyzing unit (22) Ratio (λM=1).
3. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that described internal combustion engine (10) with Combustion air ratio (λ in 0.85 to 0.95 scopeE) running.
4. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 1 to 3 is it is characterised in that described mixing AIR Proportional (λM) be arranged on 1.05 to 1.2 in the regeneration stage of described particulate filter (24) scope in.
5. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 1 to 4 is it is characterised in that described compression Machine (14) is driven by the turbine (26) being arranged in described exhaust steam passage (10) and described auxiliary air pipeline (16) is described The upstream of turbine (26) is passed in described exhaust steam passage (20).
6. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that in described turbine (26) place structure Make the bypass (38) bypassing described turbine, it is closed for the driving power improving described compressor (14).
7. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that described bypass (38) is in described particulate mistake It is closed in the regeneration stage of filter (24) and/or in the heating period.
8. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 1 to 7 is it is characterised in that described mistakeization Learn the mixing air ratio lambda of meteringMIt is selected for the described micro particle filtering of the time interval in the scope of 200 to 1000s The regeneration stage of device (24).
9. the method for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 1 to 8 is it is characterised in that relatively described It is equipped with the heating period before regeneration stage and maintain through the time interval in the scope of 50 to 300s.
10. method according to any one of claim 1 to 9 it is characterised in that measure described waste gas enter into described Temperature before in ternary catalyzing unit (22), this temperature is compared and not with the initiation temperature of described ternary catalyzing unit (22) Described combustion air ratio lambda is being mated in the case of reaching this initiation temperatureEIt is adjusted up described first in the side postponing before The angle of ignition of internal combustion engine (10).
11. methods for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 1 to 10 are it is characterised in that described pressure The power of contracting machine (14) is for the restricted time period, particularly for described heating period and/or described regeneration stage For be enhanced.
A kind of 12. devices of the exhaust after-treatment of the internal combustion engine (10) lighted a fire for being pressurized, external source, lead to fresh air Road (12) and carry exhaust steam passage (20), wherein, be provided with described fresh for compressing in described fresh air passage (12) The compressor (14) of air and described compressor (14) downstream is provided with auxiliary air pipeline (16), it connects described fresh sky Gas passage (12) and described exhaust steam passage (20), wherein, be disposed with described exhaust steam passage (20) ternary catalyzing unit (22) and There is particulate filter (24) in described ternary catalyzing unit (22) arranged downstream it is characterised in that described auxiliary air pipeline (16) It is passed in described exhaust steam passage (20) in described ternary catalyzing unit (22) upstream.
13. devices for exhaust after-treatment according to claim 12 are it is characterised in that under described compressor (14) It is disposed with choke valve (18), wherein, described auxiliary air pipeline (16) is in described compressor in the described fresh air line of trip (14) separated by described fresh air passage (12) and described choke valve (18) between.
14. devices for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 12 or 13 are it is characterised in that described three First catalyst converter (22) is disposed adjacent in the position of engine and described particulate filter (24) is arranged in bottom position.
15. devices for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 12 to 14 are it is characterised in that described two Secondary air pipe line (16) is arranged in the turbine before described ternary catalyzing unit (22) on the flow direction in described waste gas (26) upstream is passed in described exhaust steam passage (20).
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