CN106435210A - Preparation method of trapping agent special for precious metal - Google Patents
Preparation method of trapping agent special for precious metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106435210A CN106435210A CN201610853868.5A CN201610853868A CN106435210A CN 106435210 A CN106435210 A CN 106435210A CN 201610853868 A CN201610853868 A CN 201610853868A CN 106435210 A CN106435210 A CN 106435210A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
A preparation method of a trapping agent special for precious metal is characterized by comprising the following steps that (A) a catalyst precursor is prepared through a complexing impregnation method, and adding is carried out according to the mass ratio of Co(NO3)2.6H2O:SiO2 being 6.0-4.0:1; (B) N2/H2 mixed gas passes through the catalyst precursor, and the catalyst precursor is reduced into a catalyst; (C) N2/C2H2 mixed gas passes through the catalyst, and a reaction mixture is obtained after a reaction is carried out for 30 min; and (D) the reaction mixture is immersed in concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen fluoride to pass the night, stirring, filtering, washing and drying are carried out, and the trapping agent special for the precious metal is prepared. The preparation method has the following beneficial effects that the requirement for production equipment is low, the production cost is low, no pollution is generated, and the extraction efficiency on platinum, palladium and rhodium in a waste organic solution and solid waste is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of resource recovery technique, be specifically related to the preparation side of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal
Method.
Background technology
Why noble metal is referred to as noble metal, is because its rare characteristic, such as content phase in the earth's crust for the Metal Palladium
When rare and skewness, proved reserves only about 15000 tons at present.Other noble metals content too is rare, current generation
The recoverable amount of boundary's automobile is more than 600,000,000, and at least a part of which has half to be mounted with the emission control systems of multi-form, this more than 300,000,000
Install more than 200,000,000 in automobile is three-way catalyst.Understand total consumption of platinum group metal in automobile catalyst about at 50-accordingly
Between 60 tons.And data show, the palladium of the rhodium more than 2/3rds, the platinum more than 1/3rd and half is applied to urge in the world
The preparation of agent, the annual industrial waste catalyst producing in the whole world is about 50-70 ten thousand tons, wherein contains substantial amounts of platinum-group noble metals
(such as Pt, Pd and Rh etc.) and oxide thereof.Platinum metal is the noble metal of resource scarcity, expensive, returns from dead catalyst
Receive noble metal, not only can obtain significant economic benefit, more can improve the utilization rate of resource, reduce a series of environment and ask
Topic.Catalyst containing noble metal is recycled as secondary resource, the high noble metal of grade can also be obtained.Therefore
All the platinum metal in deactivated catalyst is reclaimed both at home and abroad.At present, China successfully develops from low pressure
Carbonylation synthesis spent rhodium catalyst raffinate reclaims the commercial Application device of rhodium powder, from butyl octanol unit gives up rhodium raffinate, reclaims rhodium
Complete set technology, through Beijing Chemical Research Institute's research of 2 years and industrial endurance, annual recyclable 50kg purity 99.95%
Rhodium powder, the rhodium rate of recovery is more than 97%.
In current dead catalyst, the recovery method of noble metal can be divided into wet method and the big class of pyrogenic process two.Platinum family element is chemically
Matter is all highly stable.Their fusing point is all very high, wherein the fusing point of palladium 1552 DEG C, the fusing point of platinum 1768 DEG C, the fusing point 1960 of rhodium
DEG C, the fusing point of remaining 3 metal is all more than 2000 DEG C, but the shortcoming of pyrogenic process is operation difficulty, and process can cause the damage of noble metal
Losing, the rate of recovery is low.Hydrometallurgic recovery rhodium includes that extraction, the precipitation method, oxidation distillation method, washing method and adsorbing separation are several, also has
Chemical activation method etc..It is high that noble metal recovery process before is primarily present equipment requirement, and reagent consumes many, and the rate of recovery is not high,
There is the problems such as environmental pollution.
Content of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the present invention proposes the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal, solves
Existing arresting efficiency is low, synthesis difficulty, organic efficiency difference, the high problem of cost recovery.
The preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps,
A) with coordination preparation catalyst presoma, maceration extract is the aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, adds in this aqueous solution
There is SiO2, by Co (NO3)2.6H2O∶SiO2Mass ratio is 6.0-4.0: 1 addition, in dipping process, agitation and dropping ammoniacal liquor. dipping
After, evaporation removes moisture, and 400-550 DEG C of roasting 2h, obtains catalyst precursor in atmosphere；
B) layer overlay catalyst precursor in quartz boat, and be placed in quartz boat in the crystal reaction tube of horizontal positioned
Portion flat-temperature zone, under the conditions of 650-850 DEG C, by the N that volume ratio is 6.5-7.0: 12/H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst precursor
Catalyst precursor is reduced to catalyst by 2h；
C) by N that volume ratio is 6.5-5.0: 12/C2H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst, must react mixing after reaction 30min
Thing；
D) at room temperature, in gained reactant mixture immersion red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) in step C and hydrogen fluoride 24 hours. stirring, mistake
Filter, wash and be dried, to remove the catalyst in mixture, prepare the special trapping agent of noble metal of black powder.
As preferably, the size of the special trapping agent of described noble metal is below 100nm.
As preferably, in step A, the addition of described ammoniacal liquor, by Co (NO3)2.6H2The 8-9 of the amount of the material of Co in O
Adding again, dip time is 24h.
As preferably, in step A, the temperature range that described evaporation removes steam is 70-90 DEG C.
As preferably, in step B, N2/H2Before mixed gas mixing, H2Purity be 99.00%-99.99%, N2Pure
Degree is 90.000%-99.999%.
As preferably, in step C, N2/C2H2Before mixed gas mixing, C2H2Molten through concentrated sodium hydroxide containing 10%-30%
Liquid removes H2S, then through 5A molecular sieve drying.
As preferably, in step B, described N2/H2The flow velocity of mixed gas is 200-240mL/min.
As preferably, in step C, described N2/C2H2The flow velocity 200-240mL/min of mixed gas.
Compared with prior art：To producing, equipment requirement is low, and production cost is low and will not produce pollution, organic molten to giving up
The extraction efficiency height of platinum, palladium, rhodium in liquid and solid waste.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with experimental data and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described further.
The preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal, comprises the following steps,
A) with coordination preparation catalyst presoma, maceration extract is the aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, adds in this aqueous solution
There is SiO2, by Co (NO3)2.6H2O∶SiO2Mass ratio is 6.0-4.0: 1 addition, in dipping process, agitation and dropping ammoniacal liquor. dipping
After, evaporation removes moisture, and 400-550 DEG C of roasting 2h, obtains catalyst precursor in atmosphere；B) in quartz boat, layer overlay is urged
Agent presoma, and quartz boat is placed in flat-temperature zone in the middle part of the crystal reaction tube of horizontal positioned, under the conditions of 650-850 DEG C, will
Volume ratio is the N of 6.5-7.0: 12/H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst precursor 2h, and catalyst precursor is reduced to catalyst；
C) by N that volume ratio is 6.5-5.0: 12/C2H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst, obtains reactant mixture after reaction 30min；D) exist
Under room temperature, in gained reactant mixture immersion red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) in step C and hydrogen fluoride 24 hours. stir, filter, wash and dry
Dry, to remove the catalyst in mixture, prepare the special trapping agent of noble metal of black powder, described noble metal is special catches
Integrating the size of agent as below 100nm, in step A, the addition of described ammoniacal liquor, by Co (NO3)2.6H2The amount of the material of Co in O
8-9 times add, dip time is 24h, and in step A, the temperature range that described evaporation removes steam is 70-90 DEG C, step B
In, N2/H2Before mixed gas mixing, H2Purity be 99.00%-99.99%, N2Purity be 90.000%-99.999%, C
In step, N2/C2H2Before mixed gas mixing, C2H2Remove H through strong caustic containing 10%-30%2S, then through 5A
Molecular sieve drying, in step B, described N2/H2The flow velocity of mixed gas is 200-240mL/min, in step C, and described N2/
C2H2The flow velocity 200-240mL/min of mixed gas.
The main component of catalyst precursor is CoO and SiO2, the main component of catalyst is Co and SiO2.
Embodiment 1：The preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal, comprises the following steps that：Water at cobalt nitrate
In solution, by Co (NO3)2.6H2O∶SiO2Mass ratio is 4.0: 1 addition SiO2.It is 1: 9.0 limit stirring by the mol ratio of cobalt and ammonia
Limit drips ammoniacal liquor, and after 24h, at 90 DEG C of evaporative removal moisture, 550 DEG C of roasting 2h, to remove nitrate anion, must urge in atmosphere subsequently
Agent presoma CoO/SiO2.Layer overlay catalyst precursor CoO/SiO in quartz boat2, and quartz boat is placed in level puts
Flat-temperature zone in the middle part of the crystal reaction tube put, under the conditions of 650 DEG C, by V (N2)∶V(H2The N of)=7.0: 12/H2Mixed gas is with one
Constant speed degree passes through catalyst precursor 2h, then by V (N2)∶V(C2H2Mixed gas N of)=5.0: 12/C2H2With certain speed
By catalyst, obtain reactant mixture after reaction 30min, at room temperature, above-mentioned reaction gained mix products will be immersed dense nitre
In acid and hydrogen fluoride 24 hours. and frequently stir, be filtered, washed and dried subsequently, i.e. make a kind of black powder
The special trapping agent of noble metal, the size distribution ranges of the special trapping agent of noble metal is 10-20nm after measured.
Embodiment 2：Use the rhodium in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping rhodium solution prepared by embodiment 1, concrete outcome
As follows：
Rhodium solution is that the standard rhodium solution dilution of 1000mg/L obtains.3 process are set.Process 1 for rhodium solution former state
(A)；Process 2 is the rhodium solution after use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, and trapping agent usage amount is 2% (B) of rhodium solution；Place
Rhodium solution after reason 3 use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, trapping agent usage amount is 3% (C) of rhodium solution.Rhodium in rhodium solution
Capture method：Take the special trapping agent of a certain amount of noble metal, join in rhodium solution, adjust pH to be 10, then add while stirring
Heat, to 200 DEG C, remains temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure rhodium content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 1.
Noble metal in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping rhodium solution of preparation in table 1 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is as follows：
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the special trapping agent of noble metal prepared by the present invention is when 2% that addition is rhodium amount of solution
I.e. having all well and good extraction effect, in rhodium solution, rhodium content significantly reduces.Increase addition and can promote extraction effect further.
Embodiment 3：Use the platinum in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping platinum solution prepared by embodiment 1, concrete outcome
As follows：
Platinum solution is that the standard platinum solution dilution of 1000mg/L obtains.3 process are set.Process 1 for platinum solution former state
(D)；Process 2 is the platinum solution after use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, and trapping agent usage amount is 2% (E) of platinum solution；Place
Platinum solution after reason 3 use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, trapping agent usage amount is 4% (F) of platinum solution.Platinum in platinum solution
Capture method：Take the special trapping agent of a certain amount of noble metal, join in platinum solution, adjust pH to be 10, then add while stirring
Heat, to 200 DEG C, remains temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure platinum content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 2.
Noble metal platinum in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping platinum solution of preparation in table 2 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is such as
Under：
Table 2
From table 2 it can be seen that the special trapping agent of noble metal prepared by the present invention is when 2% that addition is platinum amount of solution
I.e. having all well and good extraction effect, in platinum solution, platinum content significantly reduces.Increase addition and can promote extraction effect further.
Embodiment 4：Use the palladium in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping palladium solution prepared by embodiment 1, concrete outcome
As follows：
Palladium solution is that the standard palladium solution dilution of 1000mg/L obtains.3 process are set.Process 1 for palladium solution former state
(G)；Process 2 is the palladium solution after use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, and trapping agent usage amount is 2% (H) of palladium solution；Place
Palladium solution after reason 3 use noble metal special trapping agent extraction, trapping agent usage amount is 4% (I) of palladium solution.Palladium in palladium solution
Capture method：Take the special trapping agent of a certain amount of noble metal, join in palladium solution, adjust pH to be 10, then add while stirring
Heat, to 200 DEG C, remains temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure palladium content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 3.
Precious metal palladium in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping palladium solution of preparation in table 3 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is such as
Under：
Table 3
From table 3 it can be seen that the special trapping agent of noble metal prepared by the present invention is when 2% that addition is palladium amount of solution
I.e. having all well and good extraction effect, in palladium solution, rhodium content significantly reduces, and increases addition and can promote extraction effect further.
Embodiment 5：Use in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping platiniferous prepared by embodiment 1, palladium, rhodium mixed solution
Noble metal, concrete outcome is as follows：
3 process are set.Processing 1 is platinum, palladium, rhodium mixed solution former state (J)；Process 2 for using the special trapping of noble metal
Platinum after agent extraction, palladium, rhodium mixed solution, trapping agent usage amount is 2% (K) of solution；Process the 3 use special trappings of noble metal
Platinum after agent extraction, palladium, rhodium mixed solution, trapping agent usage amount is 3% (L) of platinum, palladium, rhodium mixed solution.In mixed solution
The capture method of noble metal：Take the special trapping agent of a certain amount of noble metal, join in mixed solution, adjust pH to be 10, then
It is heated to 200 DEG C while stirring, remain temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure therein expensive
Tenor.Extraction the results are shown in Table 4.
Noble metal in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping mixed solution of preparation in table 4 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is such as
Under：
Table 4
From table 4, it can be seen that the special trapping agent of noble metal prepared by the present invention is at 3% that addition is mixed solution amount
When have all well and good extraction effect, can be seen that the special trapping agent of noble metal of preparation can be simultaneously to platinum, palladium and rhodium simultaneously
Trap, and trapping agent is better than the effect of platinum and palladium to the catching of rhodium.
Embodiment 6：Use in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping platiniferous prepared by embodiment 1, palladium, rhodium mixed solution
Noble metal, concrete outcome is as follows：
4 process are set.Processing 1 is platinum, palladium, rhodium mixed solution former state (J), processes 2 for regulation mixed solution pH=7
(M)；Process 3 for regulation mixed solution pH=11 (N)；Process 4 for regulation mixed solution pH=2 (0).Your gold in mixed solution
The capture method belonging to：Take the special trapping agent of noble metal being equivalent to mixed solution 3%, join in mixed solution, adjust pH to
Definite value, is then heated to 200 DEG C while stirring, remains temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant to measure
Bullion content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 5.
Noble metal in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping mixed solution of preparation in table 5 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is such as
Under：
Table 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the special trapping agent of the noble metal prepared by the present invention has different under the conditions of different pH
Catching.Under acidity and neutrallty condition, the catching of the special trapping agent of noble metal is very low, traps DeGrain, at alkalescence bar
Under part, the trapping effect of trapping agent is fine.
Embodiment 7：Use in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping platiniferous prepared by embodiment 1, palladium, rhodium mixed solution
Noble metal, concrete outcome is as follows：
3 process are set.Processing 1 is platinum, palladium, rhodium mixed solution former state (J)；Processing 2 for regulation mixed solution temperature is 0
℃(P)；Processing 3 for regulation mixed solution temperature is room temperature (Q)；Processing 4 for regulation mixed solution temperature is 50 DEG C (R)；Process 5
It is 100 DEG C (S) for regulation mixed solution temperature.The capture method of the noble metal in mixed solution：Take and be equivalent to mixed solution 4%
The special trapping agent of noble metal, join in mixed solution, hydro-oxidation sodium adjust pH be 10, then mixed solution is adjusted to one
Fixed temperature, remains temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure bullion content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 6.
Noble metal in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping mixed solution of preparation in table 6 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is such as
Under：
Table 6
As can be seen from Table 6, the special trapping agent of the noble metal prepared by the present invention has difference under different temperature conditionss
Catching, the trapping effect of the special trapping agent of the higher noble metal of temperature is better.
Embodiment 8：Use the palladium in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping palladium solution prepared by embodiment 1, concrete outcome
As follows：
3 process are set.Processing the palladium in 1 use noble metal special trapping agent trapping solution, palladium concentration is 100mg/L
(T)；Processing the palladium in 2 use noble metal special trapping agent trapping solution, palladium concentration is 70mg/L (U)；Process 2 use noble metals
Palladium in special trapping agent trapping solution, palladium concentration is 40mg/L (V).The capture method of palladium in palladium solution：Take that to be equivalent to palladium molten
The special trapping agent of noble metal of liquid 4%, joins in certain density solution, and it is 10 that hydro-oxidation sodium adjusts pH, then limit stirring
While be heated to 200 DEG C, remain temperature-resistant, standing sedimentation after stirring a period of time.Take supernatant and measure palladium content therein.
Extraction the results are shown in Table 3.
Precious metal palladium in the noble metal special trapping agent trapping solution of preparation in table 7 embodiment 1, concrete outcome is as follows：
Table 7
As can be seen from Table 7, the special trapping agent of the noble metal prepared by the present invention is under different palladium concentration conditions, trapping
Effect is different, and palladium concentration higher trapping effect is better.
Protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to embodiment of above, and protection scope of the present invention is with claims
It is as the criterion, replacement that any those skilled in the art making this technology is readily apparent that, deformation, improve and each fall within the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a noble metal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps,
A）With coordination preparation catalyst presoma, maceration extract is the aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, is added with in this aqueous solution
SiO2, by Co (NO3)2.6H2O：SiO2Mass ratio is 6.0-4.0：1 adds, in dipping process, and agitation and dropping ammoniacal liquor. dipping
After, evaporation removes moisture, and 400-550 DEG C of roasting 2h, obtains catalyst precursor in atmosphere；
B）Layer overlay catalyst precursor in quartz boat, and quartz boat is placed in the middle part of the crystal reaction tube of horizontal positioned permanent
Warm area, under the conditions of 650-850 DEG C, is 6.5-7.0 by volume ratio：The N of l2/H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst precursor
Catalyst precursor is reduced to catalyst by 2h；
C）It is 6.5-5.0 by volume ratio：The N of 12/ C2H2Mixed gas passes through catalyst, must react mixing after reaction 30min
Thing；
D）At room temperature, gained reactant mixture in step C is immersed in red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and hydrogen fluoride 24 hours. stirring, filter,
Wash and be dried, to remove the catalyst in mixture, prepare the special trapping agent of noble metal of black powder.
2. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that your described gold
The size belonging to special trapping agent is below 100nm.
3. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step A, institute
The addition of the ammoniacal liquor stated, by Co (NO3)2.6H2In O, 8-9 times of amount of the material of Co adds, and dip time is 24h.
4. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step A, institute
The temperature range that the evaporation stated removes steam is 70-90 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step B, N2
/H2Before mixed gas mixing, H2Purity be 99.00%-99.99%, N2Purity be 90.000%-99.999%.
6. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step C, N2
/ C2H2Before mixed gas mixing, C2H2Remove H through strong caustic containing 10%-30%2S, then through 5A molecular sieve drying.
7. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step B, institute
The N stating2/H2The flow velocity of mixed gas is 200-240mL/min.
8. the preparation method of the special trapping agent of a kind of noble metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step C, institute
The N stating2/ C2H2Flow velocity 200-240mL/the min of mixed gas.
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Application publication date: 20170222 |