CN106431132A - High-ductility fiber concrete and construction method for reinforcing beam by using high-ductility fiber concrete - Google Patents
High-ductility fiber concrete and construction method for reinforcing beam by using high-ductility fiber concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN106431132A CN106431132A CN201610807717.6A CN201610807717A CN106431132A CN 106431132 A CN106431132 A CN 106431132A CN 201610807717 A CN201610807717 A CN 201610807717A CN 106431132 A CN106431132 A CN 106431132A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0244—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of beams at places of holes, e.g. drilled in them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses high-ductility fiber concrete and a construction method for reinforcing a beam by using the high-ductility fiber concrete. The concrete is prepared from cement, coal ash, limestone powder, water, common riversand, a water reducing agent and PVA fibers. The construction method comprises the following steps: chiseling away a bottom reinforcement protective cover of an original concrete beam to enable load-bearing rebars to be exposed, welding added load-bearing main rebars to original load-bearing main rebars through short rebars, and then pouring the high-ductility fiber concrete to the surface. The construction method aims to solve the problem that the existing reinforcement construction technological method is low in operability. By the use of the mechanical property of the high-ductility fiber concrete as well as high joint work performance and integrality of an added structure and an original structure which are reinforced, the bearing capacity of the original concrete beam can be substantially improved; the reinforcement process is simple, the construction is convenient and quick, and the added section is relatively small in size; the high-ductility fiber concrete is safe in structure and relatively high in applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reinforced construction method of beams of concrete is and in particular to a kind of high elongation fiber concrete and its be used for
The construction method of reinforcement.
Background technology
Reinforced beam is one of important component in industry and civil building, and application is widely.In beam
It is on active service during using, due to congenital defect of constructing, use condition change and the durability such as concrete material deterioration, steel bar corrosion
The reasons such as damage lead to reinforced beam load-carrying properties to be degenerated, and Lack of support phenomenon, for guaranteeing structure safely, normally
Use, reinforcement and strengthening need to be carried out to it.Traditional beams of concrete increasing section method for strengthening, is the reinforced concrete using same material
Soil increases former beams of concrete bearing cross-section and amasss, to reach the purpose improving structural bearing capacity.Existing reinforcement technique shortcoming is scene
Work operations amount is big, and from great, curing period is long, to producing and life has a certain impact, and section increase to constructional appearance and
House headroom also has a certain impact.
Performance degradation, inefficacy during service so that exiting military service in xoncrete structure, mostly and material fragility and
Cracking is relevant, and conventional cement based composites tensile strength is low, cracking resistance is poor, fragility is big, when temperature deformation and contraction distortion
It is easy to cause the cracking of material when suffering restraints.The presence in crack not only reduces the bearing capacity of material, makes material low
Destroy in the presence of ultimate load, and be hazardous medium such as water, Cl-、CO2Etc. the passage providing erosion, so that
The durability of structure is greatly lowered.Synthesis chemical fibre and traditional concrete are combined by fiber concrete, are concrete
One key areas of study on the modification, and high elongation fiber concrete material is as a kind of advanced composite material (ACM), strong with its tension
Degree height, light weight, rotproofness are good, easy construction the advantages of, favored by vast engineering circles personage.
Content of the invention
Defect for existing concrete precast floor slab reinforcement means and deficiency, the present invention is based on fibrous material Micromechanics
Performance based design it is considered to fiber properties, matrix characteristics and fiber and basal body interface characteristic and its between interaction impact,
The high ductility cement-base composite material obtaining after to material mix proportion design optimization, using high elongation fiber concrete mechanics
Performance, proposes a kind of a kind of safe efficient, of good performance high elongation fiber concrete and its construction party for reinforcement
Method.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the concrete technical scheme of the high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement that the present invention adopts is such as
Under：
A kind of high elongation fiber concrete, including cement, flyash, agstone, water, common fluvial sand, water reducer and PVA
Fiber.
Specifically, cement and flyash composition Binder Materials, in Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:
1.5, water is 0.3 with the mass ratio of Binder Materials, and common fluvial sand is that 0.331～0.352, PVA is fine with the mass ratio of gel rubber material
Volume volume in described high elongation fiber concrete for the dimension is 0.5%～1.5%, and water reducer with the mass ratio of cement is
1.22, agstone is 0.1124～0.1538 with the mass ratio of cement.
Preferably, cement and flyash composition Binder Materials, in Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:
1.5, water is 0.3 with the mass ratio of Binder Materials, and common fluvial sand is 0.352, PVA fiber described with the mass ratio of gel rubber material
High elongation fiber concrete in volume volume be 0.5%, the mass ratio of water reducer and cement is 1.22, agstone and water
The mass ratio of mud is 0.1124.
Preferably, cement and flyash composition Binder Materials, in Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:
1.5, water is 0.3 with the mass ratio of Binder Materials, and common fluvial sand is 0.347, PVA fiber described with the mass ratio of gel rubber material
High elongation fiber concrete in volume volume be 1.0%, the mass ratio of water reducer and cement is 1.22, agstone and water
The mass ratio of mud is 0.1327.
Preferably, cement and flyash composition Binder Materials, in Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:
1.5, water is 0.3 with the mass ratio of Binder Materials, and common fluvial sand is 0.331, PVA fiber described with the mass ratio of gel rubber material
High elongation fiber concrete in volume volume be 1.5%, the mass ratio of water reducer and cement is 1.22, agstone and water
The mass ratio of mud is 0.1538.
More specifically, described cement is P II42.5R cement, and flyash is Class F fly ash, the particle diameter of agstone
For 10～21 μm；The level of common fluvial sand particle diameter join including：0.53～1.12mm, 49.3%；0.26～0.53mm, 25.7%；
0.12～0.26mm, 17.5%；<0.12mm, 7.5%；Water reducer is polycarboxylate high performance water-reducing agent, and solid content is 35%,
Water-reducing rate 30%～38%；
PVA fiber ultimate tensile strength >=1340MPa, elastic modelling quantity 22.6GPa, ultimate elongation 9～12%, diameter 25
～36 μm, length is 15mm, and density is 1.5g/cm3.
Specific again, the Making programme of described high elongation fiber concrete includes：First by cement, flyash, common river
Sand and agstone mixing dry mixing obtain mixed material to mix homogeneously between each grain fraction, then by after water reducer water dissolution
Obtain water reducer aqueous solution, mass fraction is that 75%～85% water reducer aqueous solution adds stirring in mixed material to obtain uniform flow
Dynamic slurry, PVA fiber is dispersed in slurry and obtains fiber homogenate, more remaining mass fraction is 15%～25%
Water reducer aqueous solution add in fiber homogenate and mix thoroughly and obtain final product.
A kind of construction method of high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement, first, cuts the powder treating reinforced concrete beam surface
Brush layer, to concrete, makes beams of concrete bottom the first steel bar stress section expose at least half；
Secondly, in beams of concrete and concrete column junction boring implantation the second steel bar stress；
3rd, reinforce, with welding short muscle, the gap that the second steel bar stress and the first steel bar stress are formed；
Finally, the pressure that cuts on face in beams of concrete smears high elongation fiber concrete layer, described high ductility fiber coagulation
Soil layer usage right requires the high elongation fiber concrete described in 1～7, and the thickness of high elongation fiber concrete layer is 25mm, supports
High elongation fiber concrete reinforcement is obtained final product after shield.
Further, the second described steel bar stress is the grade III steel of a diameter of 25mm；The aperture of boring is 28mm, hole depth
≥15d.
Further, the described short muscle of welding is the short muscle of grade III steel of a diameter of 20mm, welds the long 100mm of short muscle, phase
The adjacent spacing welded between short muscle is 200～400mm.
Advantages of the present invention is：
(1) present invention was combined with the domestic high ductility cement based being chopped thick PVA fiber preparation using gathering materials of Gradation Optimization
Material, as reinforcing surface material, can significantly improve the crack resistance of concrete, component endurance quality is obviously improved；
(2) high elongation fiber concrete and newly-increased vertical muscle and former bar connecting synergism reinforcement means, reinforcement are adopted
Ultimate bearing capacity significantly improves, and its deformation ductility increases considerably, and good with the adhesive property of original structure, is remarkably improved
The globality building and anti-seismic performance；
(3) the construction method process is simple of the present invention, easy to operate, is had good using high ductility cement-base composite material
Durability, can extend service structure service life, reduces cost, after reinforcing using the method, increase section is less, and usability is relatively
Good.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view along A-A for the Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view along B-B for the Fig. 1；
The each label of in figure is expressed as：1- first steel bar stress, 2- weld short muscle, 3- second steel bar stress, 4- high ductility fibre
Dimension concrete layer, 5- beams of concrete, 6- concrete column, 7- stirrup；
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is illustrated.
Specific embodiment
The present invention adopts agstone cheap compared with silicon ash, in the match ratio that this test adopts, less than thin of 10 μm of particle diameters
Grain content is respectively 39.2%, and water requirement is 91.3%, and the fine particle content in agstone and water-reducing effect are better than silicon ash；Adopt
Filter agstones with 45 μm of hole sizers, when in mortar, agstone volume is less than 15%, the activity index of agstone and water
The intensity contribution coefficient of mud all improves.
Carry out level to the particle diameter of sand in the present invention to join, aggregate void rate now is minimum, and total surface area is minimum, fills bone
Binder Materials used by material space, package aggregate surface are minimum, and the workability of the concrete making is best.
The cement of the present invention is Qinling Cement P II42.5R cement, if by Qinling Cement P II42.5R in the present invention
Cement replaces with P.O.52.5R portland cement, and the cracking resistance of the concrete of the present invention can reduce by 11.37%, and maintains into
This increase.
PVA fiber ultimate tensile strength >=1340MPa in the present invention, elastic modelling quantity 22.6GPa, ultimate elongation 9～
12%, 25～36 μm of diameter, length is 15mm, and density is 1.5g/cm3, in the present invention, adopt 100mm × 100mm × 100mm coagulation
Native test specimen carries out cubic compressive strength test, and test block pressure resistance intensity meansigma methodss are 71.2MPa, and Residual Compressive Strength can reach peak
The 86.4% of value load；Using the tensile test specimen of 50mm × 15mm × 350mm, uniaxial tension test meansigma methodss are 4.3MPa, pole
Limit stretching strain can reach 2.1%；Its tension, Compressive Strength and ductility are improved.
Embodiment 1：
In conjunction with Fig. 1-3, the sectional dimension treating reinforced concrete beam 5 of the present embodiment is 500 × 900mm, and beam span is
8.1m, beam bottom 5 first steel bar stresses 1 of double arrangement, the grade III steel of a diameter of 25mm；
During construction：The rendering layer cutting beams of concrete 5 surface first, to concrete, makes beam bottommost first stress
At least half is exposed in reinforcing bar 1 section；Concrete defect position (loose concrete, breakage) should be cleared up to solid base；
Secondly, in beams of concrete 5 and concrete column 6 junction boring implantation the second steel bar stress 3, beam bottom second stress
Reinforcing bar 3 is the grade III steel of a diameter of 25mm, positioning boring, aperture 28mm, hole depth >=15d, with hair-dryer and brush cleaning duct
Till in the hole wall no floating dust；
3rd, bar planting adopts the A level anchoring adhesive of modified epoxide resin adhesive or modified vinyl vinegar class adhesive, adopts
Filling apparatuss injecting glue；Handle well second steel bar stress 3 is rotated in slow insertion duct, makes anchoring adhesive be evenly affixed to second and be subject to
In power reinforcing bar 3 surface and thread gaps；The second steel bar stress 3 being plugged can not disturbance again, after anchoring adhesive curing period terminates, with straight
Footpath is that the grade III steel of 20mm welds short muscle 2 reinforcement of weld the second steel bar stress 3 and the first steel bar stress 1, and the short muscle 2 of welding is long
100mm, spacing is 200～400mm, and wherein steel bar meter and colligation etc. should meet《Concrete structure engineering construction quality accident
Specification》The requirement of GB50204-2015.
Finally, pour interface to new-old concrete to process, dabbing, abundant moistening, and obtain interface using Pattex hundred
Agent brushing.Before pressure smears high elongation fiber concrete layer 4, should come and go along reinforcement surface water moistening, and after beam face is slightly dry again
Carry out pressure to smear, the thickness of high elongation fiber concrete layer 4 is 25mm, subsequently cover beam surface to prevent water with transparent plastic film
Point evaporation, take measures wet curing 5 days, prevents burning sun to be exposed to the sun, obtains final product reinforcement.
High elongation fiber concrete stirring technique and Making programme are as follows：
Cement：Qinling Cement P II42.5R cement；
Flyash：Ba bridge steam power plant I level Class F (low calcium) flyash；
Agstone：Average fineness is 16 μm；
Water：Tap water；
Common fluvial sand：Level is joined as follows：0.53～1.12mm, 49.3%；0.26～0.53mm, 25.7%；0.12～
0.26mm, 17.5%；<0.12mm, 7.5%.
Water reducer：Polycarboxylate high performance water-reducing agent, solid content is 35%, water-reducing rate>35%.
PVA fiber：The chopped thick PVA fiber that Changzhou Tianyi Engineering Fiber Co., Ltd. produces, its physical and mechanical property
Index is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 PVA fiber Main Mechanical parameter
The deformation performance of cement-base composite material is subject to water-cement ratio, cement type, mineral admixture type, aggregate type, fibre
The dimension factor such as volume volume and maintenance method impact, this test is with water-cement ratio, doping quantity of fly ash and fiber volume volume as master control
Parameter, mix-design is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 PVA fiber concrete match ratio
Note：C- cement, FA- flyash, A- fine aggregate (less than the common fluvial sand of 4.75mm), W- mixing water, B- gelling material
Material (B=C+FA), VF- fiber volume volume, WR- water reducer, GA- functional component (agstone), water reducer and feature
The percentage amounts of component are with cementaceous gauge.
Fiber concrete stirring technique adopts " fiber latter admixing method ", and test specimen Making programme is：(1) first by cement, flyash,
Common fluvial sand, agstone and functional component mixing dry mixing 2～3min, then will be dissolved with to mix homogeneously between each grain fraction
All the water of the 75%～85% of water reducer adds, and stirring at low speed 2～3min is to obtain the slurry of Uniform Flow；(2) in low speed
It is slowly added to manual scattered fiber in advance by hand, after fiber is added completely into, quickly stirring 4～5min is to guarantee while stirring
Fiber can be dispersed in slurry；(3) remaining 15%～25% water is added, quickly stir 2～3min, high ductility
Fiber concrete preparation finishes.
After the high elongation fiber concrete test specimen natural curing 28 days of the present invention, test is with reference to GB17671-1999《Water
Earth rubber sand ruggedness test method》(ISO method), standard curing (temperature (20 ± 2) DEG C, relative humidity>95%) 40mm × 40mm
The anti-folding of × 160mm prism test specimen 28d, intensity test result are as follows：
The volume volume of high ductility fiber is 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% compressive strength of concrete is respectively
24.3MPa, 31.6MPa, 43.7MPa, improve 6.24%, 12.31%, 22.45% compared with other allied fiber concrete；Anti- folding is strong
Degree be respectively 9.14MPa, 11.87MPa, 16.46MPa, compared with other allied fiber concrete improve 3.17%, 9.18%,
15.39%.
High elongation fiber concrete test specimen, in 28d off-test, can observe crack number only 2, and fracture width
Maximum is less than 254 μm, and traditional fibre concrete sample surface visible crack number is 12, thus further demonstrates this
The prepared high elongation fiber concrete of test has more preferable Comprehensive Crack-Resistance performance and ductility.
Beams of concrete after reinforcing is carried out by load-carrying properties Experiments of Machanics shows, using high elongation fiber concrete with newly-increased
Vertical muscle and former bar connecting synergism reinforcement means, reinforcement ultimate bearing capacity significantly improves, and its deformation ductility significantly increases
Plus, cracking resistance is good, and its durability performance is lifted, and good with the adhesive property of original structure, is remarkably improved the whole of structure
Body and anti-seismic performance.
Comparative example 1：
The present embodiment, compared with embodiment, agstone is replaced with silicon ash.
Comprcssive strength is 18.5MPa, and rupture strength is 6.15MPa, and comprcssive strength declines 23.87%～57.67%, anti-folding
Intensity declines 32.71%～62.64%.
Comparative example 2：
The cement that the present embodiment adopts as different from Example 1 is P.O.52.5R portland cement, the concrete obtaining
Cracking resistance can reduce by 11.37%, and maintenance cost increases.
Comparative example 3：
It is 6～12mm, a diameter of more than 26 μm, tension that PVA fiber is replaced with length by the present embodiment compared with Example 1
Intensity is more than 1200MPa, elastic modelling quantity is the PVA fiber of more than 30GPa, and the comprcssive strength obtaining is 20.34MPa, remaining
Comprcssive strength can reach the 38.5% of peak load；Uniaxial tension test meansigma methodss are 3.5MPa, and ultimate tensile strength can reach
1.3%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high elongation fiber concrete is it is characterised in that including cement, flyash, agstone, water, common fluvial sand, subtracting
Water preparation and PVA fiber.
2. as claimed in claim 1 high elongation fiber concrete it is characterised in that cement and flyash composition Binder Materials,
In Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:1.5, the mass ratio of water and Binder Materials is 0.3, common fluvial sand with solidifying
The mass ratio of glue material for volume volume in described high elongation fiber concrete for 0.331～0.352, the PVA fiber is
0.5%～1.5%, the mass ratio of water reducer and cement is 1.22, the mass ratio of agstone and cement is 0.1124～
0.1538.
3. as claimed in claim 1 high elongation fiber concrete it is characterised in that cement and flyash composition Binder Materials,
In Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:1.5, the mass ratio of water and Binder Materials is 0.3, common fluvial sand with solidifying
The mass ratio of glue material is volume volume in described high elongation fiber concrete for 0.352, the PVA fiber is 0.5%, diminishing
Agent is 1.22 with the mass ratio of cement, and agstone is 0.1124 with the mass ratio of cement.
4. as claimed in claim 1 high elongation fiber concrete it is characterised in that cement and flyash composition Binder Materials,
In Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:1.5, the mass ratio of water and Binder Materials is 0.3, common fluvial sand with solidifying
The mass ratio of glue material is volume volume in described high elongation fiber concrete for 0.347, the PVA fiber is 1.0%, diminishing
Agent is 1.22 with the mass ratio of cement, and agstone is 0.1327 with the mass ratio of cement.
5. as claimed in claim 1 high elongation fiber concrete it is characterised in that cement and flyash composition Binder Materials,
In Binder Materials, cement and the mass ratio of flyash are 1:1.5, the mass ratio of water and Binder Materials is 0.3, common fluvial sand with solidifying
The mass ratio of glue material is volume volume in described high elongation fiber concrete for 0.331, the PVA fiber is 1.5%, diminishing
Agent is 1.22 with the mass ratio of cement, and agstone is 0.1538 with the mass ratio of cement.
6. the high elongation fiber concrete as described in claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 is it is characterised in that described cement is P
II42.5R cement, flyash is Class F fly ash, and the particle diameter of agstone is 10～21 μm；The level of common fluvial sand particle diameter joins bag
Include：0.53～1.12mm, 49.3%；0.26～0.53mm, 25.7%；0.12～0.26mm, 17.5%；<0.12mm, 7.5%；
Water reducer is polycarboxylate high performance water-reducing agent, and solid content is 35%, water-reducing rate 30%～38%；
PVA fiber ultimate tensile strength >=1340MPa, elastic modelling quantity 22.6GPa, ultimate elongation 9～12%, diameter 25～36
μm, length is 15mm, and density is 1.5g/cm3.
7. the high elongation fiber concrete as described in claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 is it is characterised in that described high ductility fiber
The Making programme of concrete includes：First by between cement, flyash, common fluvial sand and agstone mixing dry mixing to each grain fraction
Mix homogeneously obtains mixed material, then obtains water reducer aqueous solution by after water reducer water dissolution, mass fraction be 75%～
85% water reducer aqueous solution adds stirring in mixed material to obtain the slurry of Uniform Flow, and PVA fiber is dispersed in slurry
In obtain fiber homogenate, then by remaining mass fraction be 15%～25% water reducer aqueous solution add fiber homogenate in mix thoroughly
Obtain final product.
8. a kind of construction method of high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement it is characterised in that
First, cut the rendering layer treating reinforced concrete beam surface to concrete, make beams of concrete bottom first stress
Steel area exposes at least half；
Secondly, in beams of concrete and concrete column junction boring implantation the second steel bar stress；
3rd, reinforce, with welding short muscle, the gap that the second steel bar stress and the first steel bar stress are formed；
Finally, the pressure that cuts on face in beams of concrete smears high elongation fiber concrete layer, described high elongation fiber concrete layer
Usage right requires the high elongation fiber concrete described in 1～7, and the thickness of high elongation fiber concrete layer is 25mm, after maintenance
Obtain final product high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement.
9. as claimed in claim 8 the construction method of high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement it is characterised in that described second
Steel bar stress is the grade III steel of a diameter of 25mm；The aperture of boring is 28mm, hole depth >=15d.
10. as claimed in claim 8 the construction method of high elongation fiber concrete reinforcement it is characterised in that described weldering
Connecing the short muscle of grade III steel that short muscle is a diameter of 20mm, weld the long 100mm of short muscle, the spacing between the short muscle of adjacent solder is 200～
400mm.
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