CN106427000A - Method for forming an elastomeric strip - Google Patents

Method for forming an elastomeric strip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106427000A
CN106427000A CN201610500821.0A CN201610500821A CN106427000A CN 106427000 A CN106427000 A CN 106427000A CN 201610500821 A CN201610500821 A CN 201610500821A CN 106427000 A CN106427000 A CN 106427000A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
roller
nozzle
elastomeric material
rubber
tire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201610500821.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106427000B (en
Inventor
G.R.伯格
C.D.戴尔伦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Original Assignee
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co filed Critical Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Publication of CN106427000A publication Critical patent/CN106427000A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106427000B publication Critical patent/CN106427000B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/08Building tyres
    • B29D30/20Building tyres by the flat-tyre method, i.e. building on cylindrical drums
    • B29D30/30Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/52Unvulcanised treads, e.g. on used tyres; Retreading

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for forming an elastomeric strip and describes a method for coating a surface with an elastomeric material strip. The method comprises steps of pumping a elastomeric material through a nozzle, locating the opening of the nozzle fitting and joining with a rotatable roller, rotating the roller, and pulling the elastomeric material through the outlet of the nozzle through rotation of the roller to form the strip.

Description

The method forming elastic webbing
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for forming elastic webbing.
Background technology
It is well known in the prior art for producing tyre element by flexible rubber web, a flexible rubber web then cut fixed length Degree, on cylindrical assembly drum, overlap is passed through in its end or banjo fixing butt jointing is combined together.Because tyre element is by flat It is assembled on the tire assembly drum of cylinder, and is then expanded and circularizes shape, each part is necessary before being moulded It is placed in anxiety or compressive state.When part is heated in sulfidation, this stretching to different piece leads to different rubbers Slip between glue part.Exist and made the trial of minimum of sliding between different piece.Another inferior position is to take turns mold There is the part splicing, wherein splice and cause tire uneven.
Its effort is increasingly focused on and eliminates the uneven of tire by tire production person.When closer, wheel is viviparous The continuous band of product person's unvulcanized rubber manufactures tyre element.The thin, arrowband of unvulcanized rubber is in the drum rotating or annular shape Core on circumferentially woven many for several times, wherein aforementioned strip is continuously laminated or is stacked to form institute's phase of tyre element The shape hoped.Referring to such as, United States Patent (USP) Nos.6,372,070 and 4,963,207.Rubber strip is usually used extrusion device and directly squeezes Go out on tire assembly drum or annular core.Alternatively, band with pressur rolling forming, and can be then delivered to tread drum or core On.
The having the advantages that to eliminate with laminating method of this formation tyre element is spliced part, because the tyre element of annular leads to Chang Youyi continuous band is formed.Also there is the further advantage of the motility in allowing to produce with stacking, because tyre element Profile may change with the difference of tire.
It is well known that, by nozzle or mould extruded rubber and using roller or press fit device, rubber strip is coated in On tire assembly drum.But, due to little outlet area opening, such system generally have the rubber leading in system high pressure and The shortcoming of high temperature.If the time of staying by rubber during system is too slow, if temperature is too high, rubber may be scorched. Therefore, it is desirable to have the system of improvement, it can reduce the temperature and pressure of system when forming the desired shape of rubber strip.
Content of the invention
Definition
" flat ratio or the depth-width ratio of tire(aspect ratio)" represent its profile height(SH)With its section width(SW)'s Than.
" axial direction " and " axially " are in the line representing parallel to tire rotation axiss or direction.
" tyre bead(bead)" represent the part including annular tension member of tire, with or without other reinforcing elements such as Bead core flipper(flipper), tire is with enhancement layer(chipper), triangular rubber core(apex), toe guard(toe guard)And tire Circle infantees(chafer)To adapt to rim design.
" belt reinforcement structure(belt reinforcing structure)" represent be made up of at least parallel cord Two-layer casing ply, cord through braiding or not woven, below tyre surface, non-anchor on tyre bead, and have with respect to The equatoriat plane of the tire cord angle between 17 degree to 27 degree to the left and to the right.
" carcass(carcass)" represent in addition to the sidewall rubber on belt structure, tyre surface, tread cushioning layer and casing ply Tire construction, but include tyre bead.
" circumferential " line representing the girth extension along the annular tire surface vertical with axial direction or direction.
" chafer "(chafers)Refer to be located around the narrow list outside tire bead, for protecting Casing ply is not damaged by wheel rim, the flexure above dispersion wheel rim, and closing tire.
" tire is with enhancement layer(chippers)" represent the reinforcement structure being located in the bead area of tire.
" cord(cord)" represent one of reinforcement wire harness of casing ply in composition tire.
" design wheel rim(design rim)" represent the wheel rim with particular configuration and width.With regard to this descriptive purpose, if Meter wheel rim and design rim width are by tire production ground, effectively industry standard determines.For example, in the U.S., design wheel rim by Tire and Rim Association determines.In Europe, wheel rim is in European Tyre and Rim Technical Determine in Organization Standards Manual, and term designs the meaning that wheel rim is represented with canonical measure wheel rim Think consistent.In Japan, standardization group is woven to The Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturer's Association.
" the equatoriat plane(EP)" represent the rotation axiss perpendicular to tire and the plane through its tyre surface center.
" trace "(footprint)Represent under zero velocity and normal loading and pressure, tire tread and flat surfaces Contact area or contact area.
" liner(innerliner)" represent the elastomer of inner surface of formation tubeless tyre or one layer of other materials Or multilamellar, it contains the aerated fluid in tire.
" ground connection rate only "(net-to-gross ratio)Represent the tire tread contacting with the road surface in trace Rubber, divided by the area of tyre surface in trace(Including non-contacting part such as groove)Ratio.
" standard rim diameter " represents at the position that the bead part in tire is located, the average diameter of rim flange.
" standard inflation pressure(normal inflation pressure)" refer to be made for tire by suitable normal structure The specific design the blowing pressure selected with situation and load.
" normal loading(normal load)" refer to specifically be set for what tire used situation was selected by suitable normal structure Meter the blowing pressure and load.
" casing ply(ply)" represent the continuous layer being made up of the cord being arranged in parallel being coated with rubber.
" radial direction " and " radially " represents the direction toward and away from the rotation axiss of tire in radial directions.
" radial(radial-ply tire)" represent the pneumatic tire with restrainting or circumferentially limit, wherein, from tire Circle extends to the cord of tyre bead with the cord bias angle setting between 65 degree and 90 degree with respect to equatorial plane.
" profile height(Section height, SH)" represent on equatorial plane from nominal rim diameter to tire The radial distance of diameter.And
" section width(Section width, SW)" represent with normal pressure to when tyre inflating 24 hours and afterwards, but simultaneously In the case of not carrying, parallel to tire axle and be located at its sidewall outside between maximum linear distance, do not include due to Label, decoration or protection band and the sidewall that leads to raises.
Present invention also offers below scheme:
1. a kind of method of the band forming elastomeric material, methods described comprises the steps:Elastomeric material is pumped across spray Mouth, the opening of nozzle is positioned to engage with rotatable roller coupling, rotates described roller, pull bullet by the rotation of this roller Elastomer material, through the outlet of described nozzle, forms band.
2. the method as described in scheme 1, wherein said elastomeric material is molten condition.
3. the method as described in scheme 14, the outlet of wherein said nozzle is formed at the outer surface of roller and the side of nozzle Between edge.
4. the method as described in scheme 1, further includes following steps:The elastomeric material of melting is pumped across and is located at The mould of described opening, then forms the elastomer band of molding on the outer surface of the roller rotating.
5. the method as described in scheme 4, further includes following steps:Described roller is pressed against on tire assembly drum, Adhere to the surface of described tire assembly drum by this rubber strip.
6. the method as described in scheme 1, described elastomeric material is directly pressed on the outer surface of roller by wherein said nozzle On.
7. the method as described in scheme 1, wherein said nozzle has the die surface of molding, described die surface and institute The outer surface stating the bending of roller coordinates to form jet expansion.
8. the method as described in scheme 1, the opening of wherein said nozzle is located on the lower surface of bending.
9. the method as described in scheme 1, the outer surface of wherein said roller has the temperature in the range of about 200 to 350 °F Degree.
10. the method as described in scheme 1, wherein said pump installation is extruder.
11. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said pump installation is the extruder combining with gear pump.
12. methods as described in scheme 1, the outlet of wherein said nozzle has V-shape outlet.
A kind of 13. methods of the band forming elastomeric material, comprise the steps:Lower surface positioning by the bending of nozzle It is to engage with rotatable roller coupling, elastomeric material is pumped across described nozzle, described nozzle has on the lower surface Outlet, the elastomeric material of melting is expressed on the outer surface of roller, and and then the elastomeric material of described melting is extruded warp The outlet crossing nozzle forms the band of molding.
14. methods as described in scheme 1, described elastomeric material is directly pressed on the appearance of roller by wherein said nozzle On face.
15. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said elastomeric material is molten condition in described nozzle.
16. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said elastomeric material is molten condition in the apparatus.
17. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said elastomeric material is molten condition before entering described equipment.
18. methods as described in scheme 1, it is molten that wherein said elastomeric material is applied to during the outer surface of roller State.
19. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said nozzle has the die surface of molding, described die surface and institute The outer surface stating the bending of roller coordinates to form jet expansion.
20. methods as described in scheme 1, the outer surface of wherein said roller has the temperature in the range of about 200 to 350 °F Degree.
21. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said pump installation is extruder.
22. methods as described in scheme 1, wherein said pump installation is the extruder combining with gear pump.
23. methods as described in scheme 1, further include internal groove, and the area of wherein said internal groove reduces.
24. methods as described in scheme 1, the outlet of wherein said nozzle has V-shape outlet.
A kind of 25. methods forming rubber object, comprise the steps:By the lower surface of the bending of nozzle orientate as with Rotatable roller coupling engages, and elastomeric material is pumped across described nozzle, described nozzle has outlet on the lower surface, The roller that the elastomeric material thus melting is rotated is pulled past the band of the outlet formation molding of described nozzle, and then by institute State band to be coated on tire assembly drum.
Brief description
The present invention will be described, wherein by way of example and with reference to appended accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the axonometric chart of the rubber coated equipment of the present invention;
Roller in the rubber coated equipment of Fig. 2 present invention and the amplification stereogram of nozzle;
Fig. 3 is the side cut away view of equipment in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the side view of roller and nozzle, and wherein nozzle is illustrated in the way of removing half nozzle;
Fig. 5 is the side view of nozzle;
Fig. 6 is the axonometric chart of jet expansion;
Fig. 7 is the end-view of the outlet of nozzle;
Fig. 8 is the side view of rubber coated equipment, shows and applies rubber strip to tire assembly drum.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1-7 shows the first embodiment of rubber coated equipment 100.Coating device 100 provides for by single company Continuous braid over braid or how several unvulcanized rubber band are quickly and efficiently formed as the novel device of elastic tyre part.Non- sulfur The continuous band changing rubber can be applied directly to tire building surface, for example, tire assembly drum A as shown in Figure 8, or toroidal cores Portion(Not shown).
As shown in fig. 1, coating device 100 includes support frame 110(For clarity, support frame 110 is by portion Divide and remove), and roller nozzle 200.Support frame can further include in X, Y and Z-direction(Not shown)Mobile whole painting The supporting guide of compress apparatus.Rotatable connection 111 is installed in support frame 110, and has and make roller 300 around fixing point 114 pivot(As shown in Figure 4)Function.Rotatable connection 111 is connected to actuator arm 112, before and after actuator arm 112 Move so that rotatably connection 111 pivots around fixing point 114.
As shown in Figure 3, support frame 110 includes the mounting flange 102 for being connected to rubber pump installation, described rubber Pump installation such as extruder, gear pump, extruder-gear pump combination or rubber infusion appliance(Not shown).It is applied to the present invention's Extruder is manufactured by the AZ Formen und Maschienenbau of Munich, Germany.Rubber or bullet from rubber pump installation Gonosome output is admitted to the inner passage 103 of mounting flange, and subsequently into conversion element 120.In conversion element 120 has Portion's groove 126, internal groove 126 has arrival end 122 and the port of export 124.Arrival end 122 preferably has than the port of export 124 Bigger area, this leads to groove 126 to have the shape of area decrescence or funnel.Groove 126 also has with respect to X-axis scope Downward angle between general 30 degree to general 75 degree, more typically 45-60 degree.The port of export 124 of conversion element connects Arrival end 202 to nozzle 210.
Nozzle 210(Most preferably shown in Fig. 3-7)There is the outer body 211 of substantially cylindrical shape, it is in spray Mouth outlet 223 is terminated with the face 212 of angulation.Nozzle has internal groove 221, and it has the outlet from arrival end 202 to nozzle Aperture 223 area decrescence.The face 212 of the angulation of nozzle is terminated with edge 214.Edge 214 is in the face 212 of angulation and nozzle Form junction between the exit surface 230 of bending.The lower surface at edge 214 has the die surface 216 of molding, itself and roller The outer surface of 300 bending coordinates to form jet expansion.In this example, the die surface 216 of molding has flat edge 217, it carries the end 218,219 of relative inclination, and forms the band with the edge tilting.Mold shape is not limited to The profile illustrating, and other desired shapes can be formed.The lower surface 230 of nozzle bending is shaped to outer with roller 300 Surface engagement is to form band.The lower surface of nozzle has the opening 231 of preferably V-type.Opening 231 have axial width A and Radical length L, wherein length are 1.5 times of axial width A.The width of opening 231 be enough to allow rubber going out from outlet 232 Engage the outer surface of roller 300 before.Wide opening allows the outer surface of rubber or elastomer bonded roller.With roller 300 Rotation, the outer surface of roller 300 engaged with the rubber being flowed out by nozzle, and pulls rubber to jet expansion 232.Roller pair The pulling of rubber reduces the rubber internal pressure of rubber and temperature in the system 100 of being moved through.Lower extrusion temperature fall The low elastic force of rubber.When rubber is pulled to jet expansion 232, it is by die surface 217,218,219 He of top edge 214 Outer surface 300 molding of roller.
The die surface 217,218,219 of the outlet nozzle illustrating has trapezoidal shape, but can also use other Profile, such as, but not limited to, square, rectangle, triangle etc..It is usually from the width of the rubber strip output of nozzle orifice The width of about 15mm, but can change in the range of 5mm to 30mm.Outside or inside heater can be used(Not shown) Nozzle 212 is selectively heated approximately to the temperature range of 0 to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
As shown in Figure 8, nozzle 210 is generally oriented with opposing tire assembly drum A, core(Not shown)Or other paintings Deposited surface becomes angle beta, angle beta in the range of about 0 degree to about 50 degree, more generally in the range of 20-35 degree.In Fig. 8 Shown, the rubber from nozzle adheres to roller 300 first, and is then pushed over jet expansion, and and then passes through to rotate Roller 300 be applied on tire assembly drum A.Press bonding roller 400 closes on roller 300 and arranges, and applies pressure to fasten band On assembly drum.Press bonding roller 400 is attached on linking arm 402, and linking arm 402 is pivotally connected in support frame 110.Pressing Roller 400 is connected to actuator arm 404, and actuator arm 40 is connected to actuator 406.
Roll assembly 300 preferably has interior heater, for outer surface is heated approximately to 200 to about 400 China In the range of family name's degree, and more preferably in the range of about 350 to about 400 degrees Fahrenheits.Thus, roller has hot knife Function, smears the rubber of new placement and so that it is smoothed, the rubber strip closing on is merged and mixes so as to become homogenizing Body.Because the time of staying is short, higher roll temperature does not interfere with the solidification of rubber.Because roller is towards the pressure of assembly drum, Pressing assembly 400 execution pressing function, smears out bubble.The outer surface of roller additionally aids the part of molding formation.
Roll assembly 300 is preferably connected to system of connections 500, and as shown in Figure 4, system of connections 500 is connected to cylinder, Can be risen and reduced by this roller 300.
The following step describes tyre element(Such as sidewall, chafer, lining or other elastic articles)Formation. Rubber or elastomer are transfused to pump installation(Such as infusion appliance, gear pump, extruder or a combination thereof).Rubber extruding thing is by pump installation Pump into rubber coated equipment.In the enrobing, elastomeric material is by from extruder or pump installation(Not shown)It is input to conversion unit The internal groove of part.The area of the internal groove of conversion element is decrescence and downward along internal groove using gravitational force urges rubber.Bullet Gonosome or rubber flow out internal groove and enter nozzle.Nozzle has the lower surface of bending, and this lower surface has opening, this opening It is positioned to engage with roller coupling.Opening on the lower surface of the bending of nozzle has wide region, and rubber is directly pressed onto by it On the surface of roller.When roller turn, it pulls rubber to pass through nozzle towards jet expansion.The pulling action of roller reduces Rubber temperature and pressure, because lower extrusion pressure is that rubber is pumped across required for system.When rubber is from exporting out Go, when it passes through jet expansion by die surface 217,218,219 molding, form the rubber strip of molding.Rubber strip is then vertical It is applied on heart axle or tire building surface.Nozzle assembly can shift in discontinuous position location in three directions, So that accurately by rubber coated on molded surface.Support surface can be the core of annular shape or the tire of cylindrical shape Assembly drum, or any other desired shape.Primary advantage band being coated to the surface of annular shape is that completing part exists Raw uncured state is accurately positioned the direction that suitably will mould, without the state originally forming from band Carry out the change in any direction.
There is the desired shape of jet expansion in strip form from the extrudate of nozzle.If adopting cydariform or annular Coated surfaces, when drum or core rotation, can form continuous endless belt.Nozzle can axially convert position with this forming portion The desired shape of part.Nozzle can be controlled by control system, the band regulation of the wherein mobile thus most layers of nozzle is desired The shape of tyre element.
According to description provided herein, variant of the invention is also possible.In order to illustrate the purpose of the subject innovation, Through showing some representative embodiment and details, it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that different changes can be carried out and repair Change the scope without leaving the subject innovation.It should therefore be understood that the specific embodiment of explanation can be changed, And within the scope of comprehensive intention of the present invention that this is limited still in hereafter claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method of the band forming elastomeric material is it is characterised in that methods described comprises the steps:By elastomeric material pump Nozzle is crossed in the warp let-off, the opening of nozzle is positioned to engage with rotatable roller coupling, rotates described roller, turning by this roller Dynamic pulling elastomeric material, through the outlet of described nozzle, forms band.
2. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described elastomeric material is molten condition.
3. method as claimed in claim 14 is it is characterised in that the outlet of described nozzle is formed at outer surface and the spray of roller Between the edge of mouth.
4. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that further include following steps:Elastomeric material pump by melting The mould positioned at described opening is crossed in the warp let-off, then forms the elastomer band of molding on the outer surface of the roller rotating.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that further include following steps:Described roller is pressed against wheel The surface of described tire assembly drum on tire assembly drum, is adhered to by this rubber strip.
6. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described elastomeric material is directly pressed on roller by described nozzle On outer surface.
7. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described nozzle has the die surface of molding, described mould table Face is coordinated with the outer surface of the bending of described roller to form jet expansion.
8. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that the opening of described nozzle is located on the lower surface of bending.
9. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described pump installation is extruder or the extruding combined with gear pump Machine.
10. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that the outlet of described nozzle has V-shape outlet.
CN201610500821.0A 2015-06-30 2016-06-30 Method of forming an elastic belt Expired - Fee Related CN106427000B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201562186730P 2015-06-30 2015-06-30
US62/186730 2015-06-30

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CN106427000A true CN106427000A (en) 2017-02-22
CN106427000B CN106427000B (en) 2020-01-10

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AR (1) AR105077A1 (en)
BR (1) BR102016015396B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3670142A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-24 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Dual compound extruder apparatus with rotatable head and methods for forming a coextruded strip

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963309A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-10-16 Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik Process and apparatus for processing elastomeric materials in particular plastic, rubber and a mixture thereof
CN1907672A (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 Apparatus for forming elastomeric tire component and a tire
CN202846859U (en) * 2011-07-20 2013-04-03 美国Edi挤出模头工业有限公司 Extrusion forming device
CN103517802A (en) * 2011-05-10 2014-01-15 米其林集团总公司 Tool for positioning a strip for producing a tire blank

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963309A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-10-16 Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik Process and apparatus for processing elastomeric materials in particular plastic, rubber and a mixture thereof
CN1907672A (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 Apparatus for forming elastomeric tire component and a tire
CN103517802A (en) * 2011-05-10 2014-01-15 米其林集团总公司 Tool for positioning a strip for producing a tire blank
CN202846859U (en) * 2011-07-20 2013-04-03 美国Edi挤出模头工业有限公司 Extrusion forming device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3670142A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-24 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Dual compound extruder apparatus with rotatable head and methods for forming a coextruded strip

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Publication number Publication date
BR102016015396A2 (en) 2017-01-03
AR105077A1 (en) 2017-09-06
CN106427000B (en) 2020-01-10
BR102016015396A8 (en) 2018-02-27
BR102016015396B1 (en) 2021-07-06

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