CN106424075B - Novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment of aerobic remediation of landfill - Google Patents
Novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment of aerobic remediation of landfill Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
- B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization and landfill gas treatment, in particular to a novel covering system for landfill aerobic remediation landfill gas in-situ treatment, which comprises a surface covering layer, an exhaust layer, a biological treatment layer, a gas distribution layer and a gas guide pipeline, wherein the surface covering layer, the exhaust layer, the biological treatment layer and the gas distribution layer are sequentially covered on a garbage layer of a garbage landfill from top to bottom, one end of the gas guide pipeline is arranged in the garbage layer of the garbage landfill, and the other end of the gas guide pipeline penetrates through the gas distribution layer and the biological treatment layer and is communicated with the exhaust layer. The invention adopts mineralized refuse, compost substances and mature sewage mixture as a biological treatment layer, and is assisted by an exhaust layer, an impermeable layer, a drainage layer, a nutrient soil layer and the like which are made of conventional materials as surface covering layers to form a novel covering system, and the structure is suitable for aerobic restoration of small and medium-sized landfill sites with longer landfill age and shallower landfill depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling and landfill gas treatment, in particular to a novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment by aerobic remediation of a landfill site.
Background
In the past decades, due to the restriction of economic development level in China, effective protection measures are not taken in irregular refuse landfills in a plurality of cities, and waste gas, waste water and waste residues produced in the uncontrolled natural degradation process of domestic garbage pollute the surrounding air, ground/underground water and soil. Because the garbage is naturally decomposed underground for 50-100 years, the precious land resources are idle and wasted and cannot be developed and utilized, and great threats are formed to the development of Chinese economy, the urbanization process and the health of people's life, and the garbage becomes a prominent restriction factor for realizing the sustainable development and the urbanization process in China. How to reasonably dispose urban domestic garbage landfill and protect the ecological environment is a great environmental problem facing China and all cities in the world. The 20 th century, 70 s, the united states, the united kingdom, canada, australia, denmark, italy, sweden and japan, have begun the study of landfill technology in succession. In the last 10 years, the reactor landfill technology has gradually started to be researched and applied in China, and the basic principle is that a landfill is regarded as a large bioreactor, physical and chemical conditions in the landfill are changed by means of forced ventilation, permeate liquid recharging and the like, an environment which meets the growth of microorganisms is established, the original anaerobic microorganism ecosystem is replaced by the action of aerobic microorganisms, organic garbage in the landfill is subjected to aerobic degradation under the conditions of proper oxygen content, temperature, water content and the like, and stable humus, inorganic matters, CO and the like are generated 2 Water, etc. greatly reduce the generation and discharge of methane which is the most harmful greenhouse gas, and simultaneously reduce the emission of methaneLow leachate pollution intensity and shortened landfill stabilization time. The technology needs to arrange a large number of gas injection wells and gas extraction wells to form a gas injection and extraction system, and a large amount of air must be injected by a fan in the operation process, and the reacted gas is forcibly extracted. On one hand, the energy consumption of the air extraction process in the system is large, the management difficulty is large, on the other hand, the existence of a small amount of anaerobic dead angles cannot be avoided in the practical application process of aerobic remediation, and a small amount of methane (generally less than 5%) always exists in a gas product, so that a complex and expensive tail gas treatment system needs to be added. In summary, this method has the following disadvantages: 1. the drilling process in the landfill is complex, the cost is high, and potential safety hazards such as explosion exist. 2. The ventilation process is high in consumption and management difficulty. 3. The tail gas treatment system is complex in management and high in manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment of aerobic remediation of a landfill, which is formed by adopting mineralized garbage, compost substances and mature sewage mixture as a biological treatment layer and adopting an exhaust layer, an impermeable layer, a drainage layer, a nutrient soil layer and the like which are made of conventional materials as surface covering layers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a landfill gas normal position treatment's novel cover system is restoreed to good oxygen of landfill site, includes surface covering layer, exhaust layer, biological treatment layer, gas distribution layer and air guide pipeline, and surface covering layer, exhaust layer, biological treatment layer and gas distribution layer top-down cover in proper order on the rubbish layer of landfill site, and in the rubbish layer of landfill site was located to air guide pipeline one end, the air guide pipeline other end was worn in gas distribution layer and biological treatment layer and is linked together in the exhaust layer.
Further, the surface covering layer is composed of an impermeable layer, a drainage layer, a nutrient soil layer and the like.
Furthermore, the exhaust layer adopts corrosion-resistant coarse particles or porous materials with good guide and exhaust performance and material diameter25-50 mm, and permeability coefficient greater than 1X10 _2 cm/s, a gas collecting and leachate returning pipe is laid on the exhaust layer, and the thickness of the gas collecting and leachate returning pipe is more than 30 cm.
Further, the biological treatment layer is formed by mixing 60-70% of mineralized waste, 20-30% of mature sewage sludge and 10-20% of compost substances, the biological treatment layer is provided with a water content monitoring probe, a temperature monitoring probe and a methane concentration monitoring sensor, and 250-1000m is adopted 2 And/only.
Further, the thickness of the biological treatment layer is 50-60 cm, the particle size is 45-50 mm, the porosity is greater than 14%, the water content is 30-50%, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the organic matter content is 10-15%, and the pH value is nearly neutral.
Furthermore, the gas distribution layer is composed of wastes such as broken stones and broken lamp tubes with large particle sizes, and the thickness of the gas distribution layer is 15-30 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a small amount of methane generated in the aerobic remediation process is oxidized by the biological treatment layer, the methane oxidation rate can reach more than 80%, the greenhouse gas emission reduction of a landfill can be further realized, and the functions of a tail gas treatment system and a part of gas extraction system are replaced;
2. the method has the advantages of low cost, simple process, capability of greatly reducing aerobic restoration investment and great significance for popularization of the technology, and the raw materials are wastes, the mineralized garbage belongs to landfill wastes, and the sludge and compost substances also belong to municipal solid wastes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the gas conduit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.
1. The device comprises a surface covering layer, a 2-exhaust layer, a 3-biological treatment layer, a 4-gas distribution layer, a 5-gas collection and leachate return pipe, a 6-garbage layer, a 7-gas guide pipeline, a 8-moisture content monitoring probe and a 9-temperature monitoring probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment in aerobic remediation of a landfill site comprises a surface covering layer 1, an exhaust layer 2, a biological treatment layer 3, a gas distribution layer 4 and a gas guide pipeline 7, wherein the surface covering layer 1, the exhaust layer 2, the biological treatment layer 3 and the gas distribution layer 4 are sequentially covered on a garbage layer 6 of the landfill site from top to bottom, one end of the gas guide pipeline 7 is arranged in the garbage layer 6 of the landfill site, and the other end of the gas guide pipeline 7 penetrates through the gas distribution layer 4 and the biological treatment layer 3 to be communicated with the exhaust layer 2. The invention adopts the mixture of mineralized refuse, compost material and mature sludge as a biological treatment layer 3, and the biological treatment layer is laid on the upper part of a gas distribution layer 4 and is also laid with a surface covering layer 1. The biological treatment layer 3 is used for oxidizing a small amount of methane generated in the aerobic restoration process, the methane oxidation rate can reach more than 80%, the greenhouse gas emission reduction of a landfill can be further realized, the functions of a tail gas treatment system and a part of an air pumping system are replaced, the raw material is used as waste, the mineralized garbage belongs to landfill waste, the sludge and compost substances also belong to municipal solid waste, the cost is lower, the process is simple, the aerobic restoration investment can be greatly reduced, and the technology has great significance for the popularization of the technology. Wherein the gas guide duct 7 is used for removing methane generated by the refuse bed 6 of the landfill site through the exhaust bed 2.
More specifically, the surface covering layer 1 is composed of an impermeable layer, a drainage layer, a nutrient soil layer, and the like. The surface covering layer 1 serves as a conventional material for the novel covering system.
More specifically, the exhaust layer 2 is made of corrosion-resistant coarse particles or porous materials with good guide and exhaust performance, the material diameter is 25-50 mm, and the permeability coefficient is larger than 1X10 _2 cm/s, the exhaust layer 2 is paved with a gas collection and leachate return pipe 5, and the thickness of the gas collection and leachate return pipe 5 is more than 30 cm. The gas collection and percolate return line 5 serves for gas collection and percolate recirculation.
More specifically, the biological treatment layer 3 is formed by mixing 60-70% of mineralized refuse, 20-30% of mature sewage sludge and 10-20% of compost substances, and the biological treatment layer 3 is provided with a water content monitoring probe 8, a temperature monitoring probe 9 and a methane concentration monitoring probe 9A sensor for monitoring the temperature, and the sensor is 250-1000m 2 A/only. The mineralized waste is taken from old landfill sites with long landfill life (more than 10 years) and basically mineralized (organic matter content is less than 15), materials such as metal, plastic, ceramic, glass and the like are removed through the processes of crushing, mechanical screening, manual sorting and the like, the material diameter is ensured to be uniform, mature sludge is dehydrated after anaerobic digestion of sludge, the compost materials can be compost products of biomass waste generated by a common compost plant, and can also be waste residues after aerobic digestion in a kitchen waste plant, and the compost material standard meets the national compost requirement. In the material, the mineralized refuse is subjected to long-term domestication of methane in the landfill gas to be rich in methane-oxidizing bacteria, the methane oxidation capacity is high, the aerobic sludge and compost substances can also provide organic matters and nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements and the like for the methane-oxidizing bacteria, and the methane-oxidizing bacteria in the biological treatment layer 3 play a crucial role in reducing the emission of CH 4. The biological treatment layer 3 is rich in methane-oxidizing bacteria and is suitable for growth and reproduction of the methane-oxidizing bacteria, and the methane-oxidizing bacteria are obligate aerobic bacteria, and air is introduced into the garbage heap body during aerobic remediation, so that the activity of methane monooxygenase can be further improved, and methane generated in a landfill can be oxidized by the methane-oxidizing bacteria inhabiting the biological treatment layer 3 when passing through the biological treatment layer, and an ideal effect can be obtained even if the background concentration of the methane is very low.
More specifically, the thickness of the biological treatment layer 3 is 50-60 cm, the thickness of the biological treatment layer 3 is too low, methane-oxidizing bacteria are too few, the methane retention time is short, the ideal methane oxidation rate cannot be ensured, the thickness is too high, raw materials can be wasted, and the air injection amount is increased. When the thickness is 50-60 cm, the mutual balance of low gas transmission rate and methane retention time can be usually ensured, in practical application, the specific thickness of the biological treatment layer 3 is determined according to the methane oxidation capability test result of the mixed material and the early-stage exploration result of the landfill, and the main factors include the self-property of the material of the biological treatment layer 3, the thickness, the density, the organic matter content, the methane content and the like of a garbage soil layer;
more specifically, the particle size of the biological treatment layer 3 is 45-50 mm, the particle size is closely related to the porosity and the compactness of the biological treatment layer, relatively speaking, the methane oxidation potential of the mixture with the coarse particle size is generally higher than that of the mixture with the fine particle size (the specific surface area is large, the attachment is convenient), the gas transmission is mainly controlled by the large particle size (the diameter is about 50 mm), and the size range can effectively improve the gas transmission efficiency.
More specifically, the porosity of the biological treatment layer 3 is greater than 14%, unnecessary pressure on the biological treatment layer 3 is avoided as much as possible, the pore size distribution of the biological treatment layer 3 is determined by the degree of compaction and the particle size, and the pore size distribution directly influences the diffusion of oxygen and further influences the oxidation of methane.
More specifically, the water content of the biological treatment layer 3 is 30-50%, the growth and propagation of microorganisms are based on water, but the diffusion rate of methane and oxygen in water is four orders of magnitude lower than that in air, so that the proper water content needs to be maintained to ensure that the diffusion and migration of methane and oxygen are not inhibited by water.
More specifically, the temperature of the biological treatment layer 3 is 20-35 ℃, and the proper temperature increase is beneficial to improving the methane oxidation capability of the biological treatment layer. When the temperature is lower than this range (particularly <15 ℃), the activity of methane monooxygenase is inhibited, the methane oxidation ability is rapidly decreased, and methane oxidizing bacteria are more sensitive to other adverse factors, such as nutritional limitation.
More specifically, the organic matter content of the biological treatment layer 3 is 10-15%, the soil organic matter content and the activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria are in a positive correlation, the number and the activity of microorganisms in the covering layer rich in organic matters are obviously increased, the methane oxidation capacity of the covering layer can be improved by 2-3 times, and on the other hand, compost and other organic matter-rich substances are weak in supporting effect and easy to compact, so that the diffusion of oxygen in the covering layer is influenced, and the methane oxidation of the covering layer is not facilitated.
In addition, the compost material in the biological treatment layer 3 contains nutrients, and if the nutrient is excessively added, the ion concentration in the biological treatment layer 3 becomes too high, which may inhibit methane oxidation. Since the nutrients are gradually reduced with the passage of time and the oxidation of methane is inhibited, a small amount of nitrogen source (NO3-), phosphorus source and trace elements need to be supplemented. In addition, the background concentration of methane in the gas discharged by aerobic remediation is very low, the influence of the inorganic nitrogen content on methane oxidation is relatively complex, positive or negative influence may exist, if the nitrogen source is excessive, nitrification can be promoted, and certain competitive relationship exists between the nitrification and the methane oxidation of a biological treatment layer.
More specifically, the gas distribution layer 4 is composed of waste such as crushed stone and broken lamp tubes with large particle size, and the thickness of the gas distribution layer 4 is 15-30 cm. Directly laid on the garbage layer to play a role of buffering, so that gas discharged from the garbage heap is uniformly distributed, thereby being beneficial to the oxidation of methane on the biological treatment layer.
As shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
leveling the field: the garbage pile must be reshaped to meet the stability and drainage requirements of the pile. In addition, if the stack is temporarily covered with clay or the like, the permeability coefficient is usually about 10 -7 The gas transmission will be inhibited and therefore the clay must be dug out entirely or in wide grooves (about 1.5 m) to expose the waste layer.
Sequentially covering: the gas distribution layer, the biological treatment layer, the exhaust layer, the related pipelines, the impermeable layer and the drainage layer are laid in sequence from bottom to top. A sensor is arranged in the biological treatment layer for monitoring the water content, the temperature and the methane concentration, and the distribution principle is 250-1000m 2 A/only. The specific thickness of the biological treatment layer is determined according to the methane oxidation capability test result of the mixed material and the early-stage exploration result of the landfill. And the parameters such as porosity, water content and the like of the biological treatment layer at the beginning are required to be ensured to be in the optimal range so as to shorten the adaptation period of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the biological treatment layer. If necessary, a methane oxidation microbial inoculum can be added to increase the density of the methane oxidation bacteria, or sugar compounds such as sucrose and glucose are added to further activate and domesticate the methane oxidation bacteria in the biological treatment layer, so that the methane oxidation effect is improved.
And (3) controlling parameters in the operation process, namely monitoring the water content, the temperature and the methane concentration of the biological treatment layer on line by depending on a monitoring system in the aerobic remediation process, and regularly monitoring factors such as nutrient substances, porosity and the like of the biological treatment layer. And timely feeding back and adjusting according to the data to ensure that the oxidation rate of the methane is more than 80 percent. When the water content is too low, water can be added through backflow of percolate, nutrients can be added to the biological treatment layer, the production amount of percolate in the aerobic repair process is further reduced, and investment is reduced. The temperature is the result of the combined action of ventilation and recharge, and usually the self-heating of the compost layer and the heat given off by the waste layer during the aerobic process provide enough heat to maintain a certain methane oxidation rate.
In the aerobic repair process, air is forcibly injected into the garbage stack body through the air injection pipe, so that organic matters in the garbage are subjected to aerobic degradation reaction, the reacted tail gas is transferred to the surface layer of the stack body, part of methane and other harmful gases in the tail gas are oxidized, degraded or diluted after passing through the biomass covering layer, and after the tail gas is enriched in the gas guide layer on the biomass covering layer, the tail gas is collected and uniformly discharged through the perforated gas guide pipeline arranged in the gas guide layer.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A novel covering system for landfill gas in-situ treatment in aerobic remediation of a landfill site is characterized by comprising a surface covering layer (1), an exhaust layer (2), a biological treatment layer (3), a gas distribution layer (4) and a gas guide pipeline (7), wherein the surface covering layer (1), the exhaust layer (2), the biological treatment layer (3) and the gas distribution layer (4) are sequentially covered on a garbage layer (6) of the landfill site from top to bottom, one end of the gas guide pipeline (7) is arranged in the garbage layer (6) of the landfill site, and the other end of the gas guide pipeline (7) penetrates through the gas distribution layer (4) and the biological treatment layer (3) and is communicated with the exhaust layer (2);
the exhaust layer (2) has good exhaust guide performance,The material diameter of the anticorrosive coarse grain or porous material is 25-50 mm, and the permeability coefficient is more than 1 multiplied by 10 _2 cm/s, the exhaust layer (2) is paved with a gas collection and leachate return pipe (5), and the thickness of the gas collection and leachate return pipe (5) is more than 30 cm.
2. The novel covering system for the in-situ treatment of landfill gas for the aerobic remediation of a landfill site according to claim 1, wherein the surface covering layer (1) is composed of an impermeable layer, a drainage layer and a nutrient soil layer.
3. The novel covering system for the in-situ treatment of the aerobic remediation landfill gas in the landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological treatment layer (3) is formed by mixing 60-70% of mineralized refuse, 20-30% of mature sludge and 10-20% of compost substances, and the biological treatment layer (3) is provided with a water content monitoring probe (8), a temperature monitoring probe (9) and a methane concentration monitoring sensor.
4. The novel covering system for the in-situ treatment of the aerobic remediation landfill gas of the landfill site as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thickness of the biological treatment layer (3) is 50-60 cm, the particle size is 45-50 mm, the porosity is greater than 14%, the water content is 30-50%, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the organic matter content is 10-15%, and the pH value is near neutral.
5. The novel covering system for the in-situ treatment of the landfill gas generated by the aerobic remediation of the landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas distribution layer (4) is composed of crushed stone and crushed lamp tube waste with large particle size, and the thickness of the gas distribution layer (4) is 15-30 cm.
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